1
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Bhattarai P, Abd El-Gaber MK, Koley S, Altman RA. Deoxytrifluoromethylation/aromatization of cyclohexan(en)ones to access highly substituted trifluoromethyl arenes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7882. [PMID: 39251584 PMCID: PMC11385238 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Trifluoromethyl arenes (Ar-CF3) are amongst the commonly encountered fluorinated substructures in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and material sciences. However, predominant methods to access Ar-CF3 possess several limitations, including harsh conditions, lack of availability of substrates, and poor regioselectivity, which combined restrict access to desirable highly functionalized Ar-CF3-containing compounds. To expand the scope of accessible Ar-CF3-based molecules, we present an orthogonal deoxyfluoroalkylation/aromatization approach that exploits readily accessible and programable cyclohexan(en)one substrates, which undergo a reliable 1,2-addition reaction with the Ruppert-Prakash reagent (TMSCF3) followed by aromatization to deliver highly functionalized Ar-CF3 compounds in a one/two-pot sequence. This general strategy enables access to highly substituted Ar-CF3-containing molecules that are difficult, expensive, and/or impossible to access by current synthetic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Bhattarai
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Mohammed K Abd El-Gaber
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Assiut University; Assiut, 71526, Egypt & Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Suvajit Koley
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, 63103, USA
| | - Ryan A Altman
- Borch Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- James Tarpo Jr. and Margaret Tarpo Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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2
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Xue JH, Li Y, Liu Y, Li Q, Wang H. Site-Specific Deaminative Trifluoromethylation of Aliphatic Primary Amines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319030. [PMID: 38179851 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The introduction of trifluoromethyl groups into organic molecules is of paramount importance in modern synthetic chemistry and medicinal chemistry. While methods for constructing C(sp2 )-CF3 bonds have been well established, the advancement of practical and comprehensive approaches for forming C(sp3 )-CF3 bonds remains considerably restricted. In this work, we describe an efficient and site-specific deaminative trifluoromethylation reaction of aliphatic primary amines to afford the corresponding alkyl trifluoromethyl compounds. The reaction proceeds at room temperature with readily accessible N-anomeric amide (Levin's reagent) and bench-stable bpyCu(CF3 )3 (Grushin's reagent, bpy=2,2'-bipyridine) under blue light. The protocol features mild reaction conditions, good functional group tolerance, and moderate to good yields. Remarkably, the method can be applied to the direct, late-stage trifluoromethylation of natural products and bioactive molecules. Experimental mechanistic studies were conducted, and a radical mechanism is proposed, wherein the dual roles of Grushin's reagent have been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Hao Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qingjiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Honggen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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3
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Monteith JJ, Rousseaux SAL. Redox-Active Thiocarbonyl Auxiliaries in Ni-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings of Aliphatic Alcohols. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:3581-3594. [PMID: 38047525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusThe Barton-McCombie deoxygenation reaction first established the use of O-alkyl thiocarbonyl derivatives as powerful redox-active agents for C(sp3)-O reduction. In recent years, first-row transition metals capable of engaging with alkyl radical intermediates generated from O-alkyl thiocarbonyl derivatives using alternative stoichiometric radical precursors have been developed. Given the ability of select Ni catalysts to both participate in single-electron oxidative addition pathways and intercept alkyl radical intermediates, our group has investigated the use of O-alkyl thiocarbonyl derivatives as electrophiles in novel cross-coupling reactions. After describing related work in this area, this Account will first summarize our entry point into this field. Here, we used the cyclopropane ring as a reporter of leaving group reactivity to aid in the design and optimization of a novel redox-active O-thiocarbamate leaving group for C(sp3)-O arylation. Motivation for this pursuit was driven by the propensity of the cyclopropane ring to undergo ring opening under polar (2e) oxidative addition pathways or to be maintained under single-electron (1e) conditions. Using these guiding principles, we developed a method for the deoxygenative arylation of cyclopropanol derivatives using a Ni catalyst without the need for a stoichiometric external reductant or photocatalyst. We next summarize our evaluation of an alternative redox-active O-thiocarbonyl imidazole auxiliary in a related deoxygenative cross-coupling. This work demonstrated an extension of our initial approach to the deoxygenative arylation of primary and secondary aliphatic alcohol derivatives. A brief mechanistic investigation revealed that this reaction likely proceeds via a distinct mechanism involving direct homolytic C(sp3)-O bond cleavage. We conclude this Account with a summary of work aimed toward a unique approach for thiocarboxylic acid derivative synthesis. This project was inspired by the efficiency of thionoester generation under most of the reaction conditions evaluated in our prior investigations. Using alcohol, amine, or thiol starting materials, which were activated with convenient thiocarbonyl sources in a single step, we optimized for a Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling capable of providing access to a range of thionoester, thioamide, or dithioester products. In summary, our work has revealed the potential of redox-active thiocarbonyl auxiliaries in Ni-catalyzed cross-couplings with C(sp3)-O electrophiles. We anticipate that the continued investigation of aliphatic thiocarbonyl derivatives as radical precursors with alternative single-electron inputs will be an area of continued growth in the years to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Monteith
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Sophie A L Rousseaux
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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4
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Cong F, Mega RS, Chen J, Day CS, Martin R. Trifluoromethylation of Carbonyl and Unactivated Olefin Derivatives by C(sp 3 )-C Bond Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 62:e202214633. [PMID: 36416716 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a Cu-mediated trifluoromethylation of carbonyl-type compounds and unactivated olefins enabled by visible-light irradiation via σ C(sp3 )-C bond-functionalization. The reaction is distinguished by its modularity, mild conditions and wide scope-even in the context of late-stage functionalization-thus offering a complementary approach en route to valuable C(sp3 )-CF3 architectures from easily accessible precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cong
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel ⋅ lí Domingo, 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Riccardo S Mega
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jinhong Chen
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel ⋅ lí Domingo, 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Craig S Day
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel ⋅ lí Domingo, 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluïs Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Intermaggio NE, Millet A, Davis DL, MacMillan DWC. Deoxytrifluoromethylation of Alcohols. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11961-11968. [PMID: 35786873 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Deoxy-functionalization of alcohols represents a class of reactions that has had a profound impact on modern medicine. In particular, deoxyfluorination is commonly employed as a means to incorporate high-value fluorine atoms into drug-like molecules. Recently, the trifluoromethyl (CF3) group has garnered attention from medicinal chemists due to its ability to markedly improve the pharmaceutical properties of small-molecule drug candidates. To date, however, there remains no general means to accomplish the analogous deoxygenative trifluoromethylation of alcohols. We report herein a copper metallaphotoredox-mediated direct deoxytrifluoromethylation, wherein alcohol substrates are activated in situ by benzoxazolium salts for C(sp3)-CF3 bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E Intermaggio
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Agustin Millet
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Dali L Davis
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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6
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Anwar K, Merkens K, Aguilar Troyano FJ, Gómez-Suárez A. Radical Deoxyfunctionalisation Strategies. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khadijah Anwar
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal: Bergische Universitat Wuppertal Organic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Kay Merkens
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal: Bergische Universitat Wuppertal Organic Chemstry GERMANY
| | | | - Adrián Gómez-Suárez
- Bergische Universitat Wuppertal Organische Chemie Gaußstr. 20 42119 Wuppertal GERMANY
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7
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Cai A, Yan W, Liu W. Aryl Radical Activation of C-O Bonds: Copper-Catalyzed Deoxygenative Difluoromethylation of Alcohols. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:9952-9960. [PMID: 34180233 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c04254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Given their ubiquity in natural products and pharmaceuticals, alcohols represent one of the most attractive starting materials for the construction of C-C bonds. We report herein the first catalytic strategy to harness the reactivity of aryl radicals for the activation of C-O bonds in alcohol-derived xanthate esters, allowing for the discovery of the first catalytic deoxygenative difluoromethylation reaction. Under copper-catalyzed conditions, a wide variety of alkyl xanthate esters, readily synthesized from alcohol feedstocks, were activated by catalytically generated aryl radicals and were converted to the alkyl-difluoromethane products via alkyl radical intermediates. This scalable protocol exhibits a broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance, enabling late-stage modification of complex pharmaceutical agents. A one-pot protocol has been developed that allows for the direct use of free alcohols without purification of the xanthate esters. Mechanistic studies are consistent with the hypothesis of aryl radicals being formed and initiating the cleavage of the C-O bonds of xanthate esters, to generate alkyl radicals as the key intermediates. This aryl radical activation approach represents a new strategy for the activation of alcohols as cross-coupling partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijie Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Wenhao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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8
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Liu ZY, Cook SP. Interrupting the Barton–McCombie Reaction: Aqueous Deoxygenative Trifluoromethylation of O-Alkyl Thiocarbonates. Org Lett 2021; 23:808-813. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Silas P. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
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9
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Mills LR, Monteith JJ, Dos Passos Gomes G, Aspuru-Guzik A, Rousseaux SAL. The Cyclopropane Ring as a Reporter of Radical Leaving-Group Reactivity for Ni-Catalyzed C(sp 3)-O Arylation. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13246-13254. [PMID: 32609494 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ability to understand and predict reactivity is essential for the development of new reactions. In the context of Ni-catalyzed C(sp3)-O functionalization, we have developed a unique strategy employing activated cyclopropanols to aid the design and optimization of a redox-active leaving group for C(sp3)-O arylation. In this chemistry, the cyclopropane ring acts as a reporter of leaving-group reactivity, since the ring-opened product is obtained under polar (2e) conditions, and the ring-closed product is obtained under radical (1e) conditions. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that the optimal leaving group is redox-active and are consistent with a Ni(I)/Ni(III) catalytic cycle. The optimized reaction conditions are also used to synthesize a number of arylcyclopropanes, which are valuable pharmaceutical motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Reginald Mills
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - John J Monteith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Gabriel Dos Passos Gomes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 214 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5T 3A1, Canada
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, 214 College St., Toronto, Ontario M5T 3A1, Canada.,Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, 661 University Ave. Suite 710, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada.,Lebovic Fellow, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), 661 University Ave, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Sophie A L Rousseaux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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10
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Nozawa‐Kumada K, Osawa S, Ojima T, Noguchi K, Shigeno M, Kondo Y. Transition‐Metal‐Free Trifluoromethylation of Benzyl Bromides Using Trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane and CsF in 1,2‐Dimethoxyethane. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Nozawa‐Kumada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku University 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Sayuri Osawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku University 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Takuto Ojima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku University 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Koto Noguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku University 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Masanori Shigeno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku University 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku University 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
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11
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Liu H, Ge L, Wang D, Chen N, Feng C. Photoredox‐Coupled F‐Nucleophilic Addition: Allylation of
gem
‐Difluoroalkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3918-3922. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Liu
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 P. R. China
| | - Liang Ge
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 P. R. China
| | - Ding‐Xing Wang
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 P. R. China
| | - Nan Chen
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 P. R. China
| | - Chao Feng
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 P. R. China
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12
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Liu H, Ge L, Wang D, Chen N, Feng C. Photoredox‐Coupled F‐Nucleophilic Addition: Allylation of
gem
‐Difluoroalkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Liu
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 P. R. China
| | - Liang Ge
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 P. R. China
| | - Ding‐Xing Wang
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 P. R. China
| | - Nan Chen
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 P. R. China
| | - Chao Feng
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University Nanjing Jiangsu 210009 P. R. China
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13
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Paeth M, Carson W, Luo JH, Tierney D, Cao Z, Cheng MJ, Liu W. Copper-Mediated Trifluoromethylation of Benzylic Csp 3 -H Bonds. Chemistry 2018; 24:11559-11563. [PMID: 29905985 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Trifluoromethyl-containing compounds play a significant role in medicinal chemistry, materials and fine chemistry. Although direct C-H trifluoromethylation has been achieved on Csp2 -H bonds, direct conversion of Csp3 -H bonds to Csp3 -CF3 remains challenging. We report herein an efficient protocol for the selective trifluoromethylation of benzylic C-H bonds. This process is mediated by a combination CuIII -CF3 species and persulfate salts. A wide range of methylarenes can be selectively trifluoromethylated at the benzylic positions. A combination of experimental and theoretical mechanistic studies suggests that the reaction involves a radical intermediate and a CuIII -CF3 species as the CF3 transfer reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Paeth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651. E. High Street, Oxford, Ohio, 45056, USA
| | - William Carson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651. E. High Street, Oxford, Ohio, 45056, USA
| | - Jheng-Hua Luo
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - David Tierney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651. E. High Street, Oxford, Ohio, 45056, USA
| | - Zhi Cao
- Synfuels China, Beijing, 100195 and Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, P. R. China
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651. E. High Street, Oxford, Ohio, 45056, USA
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14
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Yang J, Han QY, Zhao CL, Dong T, Hou ZY, Qin HL, Zhang CP. Pd-catalyzed divergent trifluoroethylation and arylation of arylboronic acids by aryl(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)iodonium triflates. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:7654-8. [PMID: 27384263 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01384h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Highly electrophilic aryl(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)iodonium triflates have been used for the first time as trifluoroethyl and aryl transfer reagents in Pd-catalyzed functionalization of arylboronic acids. Electron-rich arylboronic acids reacted with aryl(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)iodonium triflates (2a-b) in CH3CN in the presence of Pd2(dba)3 and K3PO4 at room temperature to provide trifluoroethyl arenes in up to 82% yield, while the reactions of both electron-rich and -poor arylboronic acids with 2a-b in DMF in the presence of Pd[P(t-Bu)3]2 and Cs2CO3 at 40 °C afforded arylation products in up to 99% yield. This tunable protocol allows access to trifluoroethyl arenes or biaryls in good to excellent yields under mild conditions and without the addition of extra ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Qiu-Yan Han
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Cheng-Long Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Tao Dong
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Zhi-Yuan Hou
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Cheng-Pan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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15
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Tang H, Lin L, Feng C, Loh T. Palladium‐Catalyzed Fluoroarylation of
gem
‐Difluoroalkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐Jun Tang
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P.R. China
| | - Ling‐Zhi Lin
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P.R. China
| | - Chao Feng
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P.R. China
| | - Teck‐Peng Loh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
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16
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Tang H, Lin L, Feng C, Loh T. Palladium‐Catalyzed Fluoroarylation of
gem
‐Difluoroalkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai‐Jun Tang
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P.R. China
| | - Ling‐Zhi Lin
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P.R. China
| | - Chao Feng
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P.R. China
| | - Teck‐Peng Loh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological University 21 Nanyang Link Singapore 637371 Singapore
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17
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Hu XQ, Han JB, Zhang CP. Cu-Mediated Trifluoromethylation of Aromatic α-Diazo Esters with the Yagupolskii-Umemoto Reagent. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qian Hu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 205 Luoshi Road 40003 Wuhan China
| | - Jia-Bin Han
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 205 Luoshi Road 40003 Wuhan China
| | - Cheng-Pan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; 205 Luoshi Road 40003 Wuhan China
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18
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Weske S, Schoop R, Koszinowski K. The Role of Ate Complexes in the Copper-Mediated Trifluoromethylation of Alkynes. Chemistry 2016; 22:11310-6. [PMID: 27385188 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Trifluoromethylation reactions have recently received increased attention because of the beneficial effect of the trifluoromethyl group on the pharmacological properties of numerous substances. A common method to introduce the trifluoromethyl group employs the Ruppert-Prakash reagent, that is, Si(CH3 )3 CF3 , together with a copper(I) halide. We have applied this method to the trifluoromethylation of aromatic alkynes and used electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry to investigate the mechanism of these reactions in tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, and acetonitrile as well as with and without added 1,10-phenanthroline. In the absence of the alkyne component, the homoleptic ate complexes [Cu(CF3 )2 ](-) and [Cu(CF3 )4 ](-) were observed. In the presence of the alkynes RH, the heteroleptic complexes [Cu(CF3 )3 R](-) were detected as well. Upon gas-phase fragmentation, these key intermediates released the cross-coupling products R-CF3 with perfect selectivity. Apparently, the [Cu(CF3 )3 R](-) complexes did not originate from homoleptic cuprate anions, but from unobservable neutral precursors. The present results moreover point to the involvement of oxygen as the oxidizing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Weske
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammanstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ramona Schoop
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammanstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Konrad Koszinowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammanstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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19
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Wang SM, Wang XY, Qin HL, Zhang CP. Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation of Arylboronic Acids with Yagupolskii-Umemoto Reagents. Chemistry 2016; 22:6542-6. [PMID: 26946261 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A Pd-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling of arylboronic acids with Yagupolskii-Umemoto reagents was explored. In contrary to trifluoromethylations, the Pd-catalyzed reaction of R-B(OH)2 and [Ar2 SCF3 ](+) [OTf](-) provided the arylation products (R-Ar) in good to high yields. The reaction confirms that the S-Ar bonds of [Ar2 SCF3 ](+) [OTf](-) can be readily cleaved in the presence of Pd complexes. The relatively electron-poor aryl groups of asymmetric [Ar(1) Ar(2) SCF3 ](+) [OTf](-) salts are more favorably transferred compared to the electron-rich ones. This reaction represents the first report of utilization of [Ar2 SCF3 ](+) [OTf](-) as arylation reagents in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Meng Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Yan Wang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Pan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China.
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20
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Li JL, Yang XJ, Wang Y, Liu JT. Synthesis of trifluoromethylated compounds from alcohols via alkoxydiphenylphosphines. J Fluor Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Wang SM, Han JB, Zhang CP, Qin HL, Xiao JC. An overview of reductive trifluoromethylation reactions using electrophilic ‘+CF3’ reagents. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Ambler BR, Zhu L, Altman RA. Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Trifluoroethylarenes from Benzylic Bromodifluoroacetates. J Org Chem 2015. [PMID: 26225803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Trifluoroethylarenes are found in a variety of biologically active molecules, and strategies for accessing this substructure are important for developing therapeutic candidates and biological probes. Trifluoroethylarenes can be directly accessed via nucleophilic trifluoromethylation of benzylic electrophiles; however, current catalytic methods do not effectively transform electron-deficient substrates and heterocycles. To address this gap, we report a Cu-catalyzed decarboxylative trifluoromethylation of benzylic bromodifluoroacetates. To account for the tolerance of sensitive functional groups, we propose an inner-sphere mechanism of decarboxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett R Ambler
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Lingui Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Ryan A Altman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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23
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Kuninobu Y, Nagase M, Kanai M. Benzylic C(sp3)H Perfluoroalkylation of Six-Membered Heteroaromatic Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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24
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Kuninobu Y, Nagase M, Kanai M. Benzylic C(sp3)H Perfluoroalkylation of Six-Membered Heteroaromatic Compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:10263-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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25
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Zhang C. Recent advances in trifluoromethylation of organic compounds using Umemoto's reagents. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 12:6580-9. [PMID: 25011917 DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00671b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of fluorine-containing moieties into organic compounds is of great importance in pharmaceutical, agricultural, and materials science. Within these organofluorides, the trifluoromethyl group is one of the most important motifs. In recent years, the trifluoromethyl group has attracted more and more attention, and many trifluoromethylated compounds have been found to possess special activities. However, until now, only a few methods have been developed to achieve this efficiently using Umemoto's reagents. This review highlights recent developments in the direct introduction of a trifluoromethyl group into organic compounds with Umemoto's reagents. Seven approaches to the trifluoromethylation of organic compounds are summarized: (i) trifluoromethylation of arenes, (ii) trifluoromethylation of alkenes, (iii) trifluoromethylation of terminal alkynes, (iv) deoxygenative trifluoromethylation of benzylic xanthates, (v) trifluoromethylation of ketoesters, (vi) trifluoromethylation of aryl boronic acids and aromatic amines (synthesis of ArCF3) and (vii) trifluoromethylation of biphenyl isocyanide derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Zhang
- Department of Resources and Environment, Chongqing Vocational Institute of Safety Technology, 583 Anqing Road, Wanzhou District, Chongqing, P. R. China.
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26
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Li Y, Ye Z, Bellman TM, Chi T, Dai M. Efficient Synthesis of β-CF3/SCF3-Substituted Carbonyls via Copper-Catalyzed Electrophilic Ring-Opening Cross-Coupling of Cyclopropanols. Org Lett 2015; 17:2186-9. [PMID: 25885795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b00782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first copper-catalyzed ring-opening electrophilic trifluoromethylation and trifluoromethylthiolation of cyclopropanols to form Csp3-CF3 and Csp3-SCF3 bonds have been realized. These transformations are efficient for the synthesis of β-CF3- and β-SCF3-substituted carbonyl compounds that are otherwise challenging to access. The reaction conditions are mild and tolerate a wide range of functional groups. Application to a concise synthesis of LY2409021, a glucagon receptor antagonist that is used in clinical trials for type 2 diabetes mellitus, is reported as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- †Department of Chemistry and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Zhishi Ye
- †Department of Chemistry and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tabitha M Bellman
- †Department of Chemistry and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Teng Chi
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Mingji Dai
- †Department of Chemistry and Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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27
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Alonso C, Martínez de Marigorta E, Rubiales G, Palacios F. Carbon trifluoromethylation reactions of hydrocarbon derivatives and heteroarenes. Chem Rev 2015; 115:1847-935. [PMID: 25635524 DOI: 10.1021/cr500368h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 792] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Concepción Alonso
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I - Centro de Investigación Lascaray, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco , Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria, Spain
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28
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Jereb M, Dolenc D. Electrophilic trifluoromethylthiolation of thiols with trifluoromethanesulfenamide. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07316b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient and highly selective, metal-free, acid promoted synthesis of trifluoromethyl disulfides from thiols and PhNHSCF3 is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Jereb
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
- 1001 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
| | - Darko Dolenc
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
- 1001 Ljubljana
- Slovenia
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29
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Egami H, Ide T, Kawato Y, Hamashima Y. Benzylic C–H trifluoromethylation of phenol derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:16675-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07011b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phenol derivatives were trifluoromethylated using copper/Togni reagent. Reaction in DMF selectively gave benzylic trifluoromethylation products, whereas aromatic trifluoromethylation products were obtained in t-BuOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Egami
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Shizuoka
- Shizuoka
- Japan
| | - Takafumi Ide
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Shizuoka
- Shizuoka
- Japan
| | - Yuji Kawato
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Shizuoka
- Shizuoka
- Japan
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30
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Tolnai GL, Székely A, Makó Z, Gáti T, Daru J, Bihari T, Stirling A, Novák Z. Efficient direct 2,2,2-trifluoroethylation of indoles via C–H functionalization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:4488-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc00519a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal free direct trifluoroethylation of unprotected indoles at position 3 via C–H functionalization is presented: straightforward synthesis and DFT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely L. Tolnai
- MTA-ELTE “Lendület” Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group
- Institute of Chemistry
- Eötvös University
- Faculty of Science
- Budapest
| | - Anna Székely
- MTA-ELTE “Lendület” Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group
- Institute of Chemistry
- Eötvös University
- Faculty of Science
- Budapest
| | - Zita Makó
- MTA-ELTE “Lendület” Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group
- Institute of Chemistry
- Eötvös University
- Faculty of Science
- Budapest
| | - Tamás Gáti
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal Chemistry
- H-1031 Budapest
- Hungary
| | - János Daru
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry
- 1117 Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Tamás Bihari
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry
- 1117 Budapest
- Hungary
| | - András Stirling
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry
- 1117 Budapest
- Hungary
| | - Zoltán Novák
- MTA-ELTE “Lendület” Catalysis and Organic Synthesis Research Group
- Institute of Chemistry
- Eötvös University
- Faculty of Science
- Budapest
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31
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Emer E, Twilton J, Tredwell M, Calderwood S, Collier TL, Liégault B, Taillefer M, Gouverneur V. Diversity-oriented approach to CF3CHF-, CF3CFBr-, CF3CF2-, (CF3)2CH-, and CF3(SCF3)CH-substituted arenes from 1-(diazo-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)arenes. Org Lett 2014; 16:6004-7. [PMID: 25379614 DOI: 10.1021/ol5030184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Arenes substituted with perfluoroalkyl groups are attractive targets for drug and agrochemical development. Exploiting the carbenic character of donor/acceptor diazo compounds, a diversity-oriented synthesis of perfluoroalkylated arenes, for late stage fluorofunctionalization, is described. The reaction of 1-(diazo-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)arenes with HF, F/Br, F2, CF3H, and CF3SH sources give direct access to a variety of perfluoroalkyl-substituted arenes presenting with incremental fluorine content. The value of this approach is also demonstrated for radiochemistry and positron emission tomography with the [(18)F]-labeling of CF3CHF-, CF3CBrF-, and CF3CF2-arenes from [(18)F]fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Emer
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford , 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA Oxford, U.K
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32
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Ni C, Hu M, Hu J. Good partnership between sulfur and fluorine: sulfur-based fluorination and fluoroalkylation reagents for organic synthesis. Chem Rev 2014; 115:765-825. [PMID: 25144886 DOI: 10.1021/cr5002386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 928] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfa Ni
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Ling-Ling Road, Shanghai City, Shanghai 200032, China
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33
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Maji A, Hazra A, Maiti D. Direct Synthesis of α-Trifluoromethyl Ketone from (Hetero)arylacetylene: Design, Intermediate Trapping, and Mechanistic Investigations. Org Lett 2014; 16:4524-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol502071g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Avijit Hazra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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34
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Qiao Y, Si T, Yang MH, Altman RA. Metal-free trifluoromethylation of aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes and ketones. J Org Chem 2014; 79:7122-31. [PMID: 25001876 PMCID: PMC4120972 DOI: 10.1021/jo501289v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The ability to convert simple and common substrates into fluoroalkyl derivatives under mild conditions remains an important goal for medicinal and agricultural chemists. One representative example of a desirable transformation involves the conversion of aromatic and heteroaromatic ketones and aldehydes into aryl and heteroaryl β,β,β-trifluoroethylarenes and -heteroarenes. The traditional approach for this net transformation involves stoichiometric metals and/or multistep reaction sequences that consume excessive time, material, and labor resources while providing low yields of products. To complement these traditional strategies, we report a one-pot metal-free decarboxylative procedure for accessing β,β,β-trifluoroethylarenes and -heteroarenes from readily available ketones and aldehydes. This method features several benefits, including ease of operation, readily available reagents, mild reaction conditions, high functional-group compatibility, and scalability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yupu Qiao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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35
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Ambler BR, Peddi S, Altman RA. Copper-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Trifluoromethylation of Propargyl Bromodifluoroacetates. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2014; 46:1938-1946. [PMID: 25294948 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1339128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The development of efficient methods for accessing fluorinated functional groups is desirable. Herein, we report a two-step method that utilizes catalytic Cu for the decarboxylative trifluoromethylation of propargyl bromodifluoroacetates. This protocol affords a mixture of propargyl trifluoromethanes and trifluoromethyl allenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett R Ambler
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Santosh Peddi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani - Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet Mandal, Hyderabad, 500078 Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ryan A Altman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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36
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Miyake Y, Ota SI, Shibata M, Nakajima K, Nishibayashi Y. Copper-catalyzed nucleophilic trifluoromethylation of benzylic chlorides. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:5594-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00957f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of primary and secondary benzylic chlorides with trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane in the presence of a catalytic amount of copper(i) thiophene-2-carboxylate (CuTC) have been found to give the corresponding benzylic trifluoromethylated products in good to high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Miyake
- Institute of Engineering Innovation
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Ota
- Institute of Engineering Innovation
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Shibata
- Institute of Engineering Innovation
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunari Nakajima
- Institute of Engineering Innovation
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nishibayashi
- Institute of Engineering Innovation
- School of Engineering
- The University of Tokyo
- Tokyo, Japan
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37
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Argintaru OA, Ryu D, Aron I, Molander GA. Synthesis and applications of α-trifluoromethylated alkylboron compounds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:13656-60. [PMID: 24214845 PMCID: PMC3904770 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201308036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
RBF3 K is a chemist's BFF: A metal-free synthetic route to unprecedented organoboron compounds bearing an α-trifluoromethyl substituent, employing a variety of trifluoroborate (RBF3 K) starting materials, is reported. These substrates represent the first isolated α-trifluoromethylated alkylboron building blocks, and these reagents lead to a variety of useful bench-stable, synthetic intermediates. Pin=pinacol.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. Andreea Argintaru
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - DaWeon Ryu
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Ioana Aron
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323
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38
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Ambler BR, Altman RA. Copper-catalyzed decarboxylative trifluoromethylation of allylic bromodifluoroacetates. Org Lett 2013; 15:5578-81. [PMID: 24117395 DOI: 10.1021/ol402780k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of new synthetic fluorination reactions has important implications in medicinal, agricultural, and materials chemistries. Given the prevalence and accessibility of alcohols, methods to convert alcohols to trifluoromethanes are desirable. However, this transformation typically requires four-step processes, specialty chemicals, and/or stoichiometric metals to access the trifluoromethyl-containing product. A two-step copper-catalyzed decarboxylative protocol for converting allylic alcohols to trifluoromethanes is reported. Preliminary mechanistic studies distinguish this reaction from previously reported Cu-mediated reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett R Ambler
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas , 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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