1
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Sharma V, Khan H, Walker M, Ahmad H, Thanai A, Marszalek T, Schollmeyer D, Baumgarten M, Evans EW, Keerthi A. Peri-Alkylated Terrylenes and Ternaphthalenes Building-Blocks Towards Multi-Edge Nanographenes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401462. [PMID: 38664199 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Since its first synthesis by Clar in 1948, terrylene - a fully connected ternaphthalene oligomer via naphthalene's peri-positions - has gained special focus within the rylene family, drawing interest for its unique chemical, structural, optoelectronic and single photon emission properties. In this study, we introduce a novel synthetic pathway that enhances the solubility of terrylene derivatives through complete peri-alkylation, while also facilitating extensions at the bay-positions. This approach not only broadens the scope of terrylene's chemical versatility but also opens new avenues for developing solution processable novel multi-edge nanographenes and tailoring electronic energy levels through topological edge structures. Our findings include a comprehensive structural and spectroscopic characterization along with transient absorption spectroscopy and photophysics of both the synthesized peri-alkylated terrylene and its phenylene-fused derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Hassan Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Michael Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
- Centre for Integrative Semiconductor Materials, Swansea University, Fabian Way, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Hamid Ahmad
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, D-55128, Germany
| | - Anmol Thanai
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Tomasz Marszalek
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, D-55128, Germany
| | - Dieter Schollmeyer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Martin Baumgarten
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz, D-55128, Germany
| | - Emrys W Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
- Centre for Integrative Semiconductor Materials, Swansea University, Fabian Way, Swansea, SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Ashok Keerthi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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2
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Chen Y, Chang Z, Zhang J, Gong J. Bending for Better: Flexible Organic Single Crystals with Controllable Curvature and Curvature-Related Conductivity for Customized Electronic Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22424-22431. [PMID: 34375037 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Electronic microdevices of self-bending coronene crystals are developed to reveal an unexplored link between mechanical deformation and crystal function. First, a facile approach towards length/width/curvature-controllable micro-crystals through bottom-up solution crystallization was proposed for high processability and stability. The bending crystal devices show a significant increase beyond seven orders of magnitude in conductivity than the straight ones, providing the first example of deformation-induced function enhancement in crystal materials. Besides, double effects caused by bending, including the change of π electron level as well as the enhancement of carrier mobility, were determined, respectively by the X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography to coexist, contributing to the conductivity improvement. Our findings will promote future creation of flexible organic crystal systems with deformation-enhanced functional features towards customized smart devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zewei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Junbo Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Weijin Road 92, Tianjin, 300072, China
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3
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Chen Y, Chang Z, Zhang J, Gong J. Bending for Better: Flexible Organic Single Crystals with Controllable Curvature and Curvature‐Related Conductivity for Customized Electronic Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Weijin Road 92 Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Weijin Road 92 Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zewei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Weijin Road 92 Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Weijin Road 92 Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Weijin Road 92 Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Weijin Road 92 Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Junbo Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Weijin Road 92 Tianjin 300072 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering Weijin Road 92 Tianjin 300072 China
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4
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Kumar S, Tao Y. Coronenes, Benzocoronenes and Beyond: Modern Aspects of Their Syntheses, Properties, and Applications. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:621-647. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Tai Tao
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan
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5
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Greßies S, Ito M, Sakai M, Osaki H, Kim JH, Gensch T, Daniliuc C, Ando N, Yamaguchi S, Glorius F. Twofold C-H Activation Enables Synthesis of a Diazacoronene-Type Fluorophore with Near Infrared Emission Through Isosteric Replacement. Chemistry 2021; 27:2753-2759. [PMID: 33085826 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and photophysical properties of a soluble amide-embedded coronene is reported. The key step in this synthesis is the twofold C-H activation of diazaperylene by a rhodium(III)Cp* catalyst. This unprecedented structural motif shows intense fluorescence in the near infrared region with a small Stokes shift and a distinct vibronic structure, which exhibits a slight extent of negative solvatochromism. Comparison of this compound with some relevant compounds revealed the importance of the amide incorporation in the peripheral concave region including an angular position to retain high aromaticity reflecting that of parent coronene. Treatment of this compound with Lewis acid B(C6 F5 )3 formed a bis-adduct, which exhibited enhanced aromaticity as a consequence of the increased double bond character of the amide C-N bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Greßies
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Masato Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and, Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Mika Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and, Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Osaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and, Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ju Hyun Kim
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Gensch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Naoki Ando
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and, Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and, Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
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6
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Diels-Alder Cycloaddition to the Bay Region of Perylene and Its Derivatives as an Attractive Strategy for PAH Core Expansion: Theoretical and Practical Aspects. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225373. [PMID: 33213037 PMCID: PMC7698498 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PAHs (polycyclic aromatics hydrocarbons), the compound group that contains perylene and its derivatives, including functionalized ones, have attracted a great deal of interest in many fields of science and modern technology. This review presents all of the research devoted to modifications of PAHs that are realized via the Diels–Alder (DA) cycloaddition of various dienophiles to the bay regions of PAHs, leading to the π-extension of the starting molecule. This type of annulative π-extension (APEX) strategy has emerged as a powerful and efficient synthetic method for the construction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their functionalized derivatives, nanographenes, and π-extended fused heteroarenes. Then, [4 + 2] cycloadditions of ethylenic dienophiles, -N=N-, i.e., diazo-dienophiles and acetylenic dienophiles, are presented. This subject is discussed from the organic synthesis point of view but supported by theoretical calculations. The possible applications of DA cycloaddition to PAH bay regions in various science and technology areas, and the prospects for the development of this synthetic method, are also discussed.
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7
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Hirono A, Sakai H, Kochi S, Sato T, Hasobe T. Electrochemical Properties and Excited-State Dynamics of Azaperylene Derivatives. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:9921-9930. [PMID: 33085485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of azaperylene derivatives such as monoazaperylene (MAPery), 1,6-diazaperylene (1,6-DiAPery), 1,7-diazaperylene (1,7-DiAPery), 1,12-diazaperylene (1,12-DiAPery), triazaperylene (TriAPery), and tetraazaperylene (TetAPery) was synthesized by changing the position and number of nitrogen atoms at the bay region of a perylene skeleton in 1, 6, 7, and 12 positions. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations and electrochemical measurements suggested that the energies of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) states significantly become stabilized with increasing the number of nitrogen atoms, whereas the estimated HOMO-LUMO gaps approximately remain constant. This result is in good agreement with the absorption and fluorescence spectral measurements. Additionally, these steady-state spectroscopic measurements demonstrate the broadened spectra as compared to pristine perylene (Pery). In photophysical measurements, the fluorescence quantum yields (ΦFL) significantly decreased as the number of nitrogen atoms increased, whereas much enhanced quantum yields and rate constants of internal conversion (ΦIC and kIC) were observed. Especially, the increased kIC values of TriAPery (kIC: ∼108 s-1) and TetAPery (kIC: ∼109 s-1) are much larger than those of diazaperylene and monoazaperylene derivatives (kIC: ∼107 s-1). These photophysical trends were successfully explained by time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations. Finally, the characteristic protonated and deprotonated processes of nitrogen atoms in azaperylenes under acidic conditions were monitored utilizing absorption and fluorescence measurements. The binding constants demonstrate that the nitrogen atoms at 1 and 12 positions of a perylene skeleton are essential for the increased values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akitsu Hirono
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hayato Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Kochi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tohru Sato
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Taku Hasobe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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8
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Kurpanik A, Matussek M, Szafraniec-Gorol G, Filapek M, Lodowski P, Marcol-Szumilas B, Ignasiak W, Małecki JG, Machura B, Małecka M, Danikiewicz W, Pawlus S, Krompiec S. APEX Strategy Represented by Diels-Alder Cycloadditions-New Opportunities for the Syntheses of Functionalised PAHs. Chemistry 2020; 26:12150-12157. [PMID: 32339360 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Diels-Alder cycloaddition of various dienophiles to the bay region of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is a particularly effective and useful tool for the modification of the structure of PAHs and thereby their final properties. The Diels-Alder cycloaddition belongs to the single-step annulative π-extension (APEX) reactions and represents the maximum in synthetic efficiency for the constructions of π-extended PAHs including functionalised ones, nanographenes, and π-extended fused heteroarenes. Herein we report new applications of the APEX strategy for the synthesis of derivatives of 1,2-diarylbenzo[ghi]perylene, 1,2-diarylbenzo[ghi]perylenebisimide and 1,2-disubstituted-benzo[j]coronene. Namely, the so far unknown cycloaddition of 1,2-diarylacetylenes into the perylene and perylenebisimide bay regions was used. 1,2-Disubstituted-benzo[j]coronenes were obtained via cycloaddition of benzyne into 1,2-diarylbenzo[ghi]perylenes by using a new highly effective system for benzyne generation and/or high pressure conditions. Moreover, we report an unprecedented Diels-Alder cycloaddition-cycloaromatisation domino-type reaction between 1,4-(9,9-dialkylfluoren-3-yl)-1,3-butadiynes and perylene. The obtained diaryl-substituted core-extended PAHs were characterised by DFT calculation as well as electrochemical and spectroscopic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Kurpanik
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Marek Matussek
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grażyna Szafraniec-Gorol
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Michał Filapek
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Lodowski
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Marcol-Szumilas
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Witold Ignasiak
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jan Grzegorz Małecki
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Barbara Machura
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Małecka
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
| | - Witold Danikiewicz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Pawlus
- August Chełkowski Institute of Physics &, Silesian Centre for Education and Interdisciplinary Studies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, 75. Pułku Piechoty 1A, 41-500, Chorzów, Poland
| | - Stanisław Krompiec
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007, Katowice, Poland
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9
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Zhang Q, Cao Z. Persulfurated Coronene and Its Chalcogenide Analogues: Insight into Effects of Peripheral Substitution. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10273-10280. [PMID: 31692345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b08401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT methods have been used to investigate the persulfurated coronene (PSC) and its chalcogenide analogues (POC and PSeC), derived from the substitution of sulfur, oxygen, and selenium for all hydrogen atoms in coronene, respectively. The presence of peripheral S-S in PSC results in a σ-type lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and the dark low-lying states (S1 ∼ S15). The peripheral S-S bond is responsible for its electron capture, which maintains a planar configuration of the singly and doubly negative-charged PSC. POC is predicted to have the most stable saddle-shaped structure with the C═O group, and its bowl-shaped isomer with the O-O moiety is less stable by 279.2 kcal/mol energetically. PSeC has similar electronic and structural features with PSC, but its dimer is predicted to have much better hole mobility, compared to PSC. The present results indicate that the chalcogenide substitution at the periphery of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may remarkably change their electronic and spectroscopic properties as well as the carrier transport behavior of their molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , Fujian 360015 , China
| | - Zexing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Xiamen University , Xiamen , Fujian 360015 , China
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10
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Kumar S, Pola S, Huang CW, Islam MM, Venkateswarlu S, Tao YT. Polysubstituted Hexa-cata-hexabenzocoronenes: Syntheses, Characterization, and Their Potential as Semiconducting Materials in Transistor Applications. J Org Chem 2019; 84:8562-8570. [PMID: 31180220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of tetra- and octa-substituted hexa-cata-hexabenzocoronenes (cata-HBCs) were synthesized from tetraryl olefins via iodine- and iron chloride-catalyzed oxidative cyclodehydrogenation reactions. The substitutions on the periphery of the parent HBC serve to modify the photophysical properties, highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gaps, and thermal stabilities of the respective derivatives. The crystal structures were determined to display multiple twists in the framework, resulting in different packing motifs depending on the position, type, and number of functional groups on the hexabenzocoronene framework. Nearly perfect co-facial packing to marginally or extensively shifted co-facial stacks were obtained due to substitution. The single crystals of parent HBC were used to fabricate single-crystal field-effect transistors, from which the highest p-channel mobility of 0.51 cm2 V-1 s-1 was measured. Thin-film transistors of selected HBCs were also prepared, and 0.61 cm2 V-1 s-1 was obtained for MeHBC-2. These results attest the potential of these materials as semiconducting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Md Minarul Islam
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 300 , Taiwan
| | - Samala Venkateswarlu
- Department of Applied Chemistry , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 300 , Taiwan
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11
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Gotsu O, Shiota T, Fukumoto H, Kawasaki-Takasuka T, Yamazaki T, Yajima T, Agou T, Kubota T. Fluorine-Containing Dibenzoanthracene and Benzoperylene-Type Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Synthesis, Structure, and Basic Chemical Properties. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123337. [PMID: 30558365 PMCID: PMC6321064 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramolecular photocyclization of stilbene derivatives (Mallory reaction) is one of the efficient methods for building polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) frameworks, and is also expected to be applicable to synthesis of fluorine-containing PAHs (F-PAHs). In this study, dibenzoanthracene-type (4a) and benzoperylene-type (4b) F-PAHs were synthesized using the Mallory reaction of the 1,4-distyrylbenzene-type π-conjugated molecule (3a), which was prepared by addition-defluorination of available octafluorocyclopentene (OFCP) and aryllithium in three steps. The structure of 4a originating from π⁻π interaction was characterized by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The absorption maxima of UV-Vis spectra and emission maxima of photoluminescence spectra of the PAHs were positioned at a longer wavelength compared to those of the corresponding unsubstituted PAHs, presumably due to the electron-withdrawing nature of perfluorocyclopentene (PFCP) units. The effect of PFCP units in F-PAHs was also studied by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otohiro Gotsu
- Department of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Shiota
- Department of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Fukumoto
- Department of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Kawasaki-Takasuka
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Takashi Yamazaki
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Yajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Agou
- Department of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan.
| | - Toshio Kubota
- Department of Quantum Beam Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 4-12-1 Nakanarusawa, Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511, Japan.
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12
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Kumar S, Tao YT. Contorted Naphtho- and Fluorenocoronenes: Syntheses and Properties of Polycyclic Aromatics beyond Benzo- and Thiophenocoronenes. Org Lett 2018; 20:2320-2323. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11521, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tai Tao
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11521, Taiwan
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13
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Tao YT, Pola S, Kumar S, Islam MM. Synthesis and Characterization of Contorted Pentabenzo-Fused Coronenes as Semiconducting Materials. J Org Chem 2017; 82:8067-8071. [PMID: 28697601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of a series of contorted, yet noncentrosymmetrical, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with a pentabenzo-fused coronene as the core framework. The parent pentabenzo[a,d,g,j,m]coronene (PBC) compound is shown to exhibit a shifted and rotated type of π-π stacking interactions, which render this series a semiconducting material. Single-crystal-based field-effect transistor devices of PBC exhibited efficient charge transport behavior, giving a p-channel field-effect mobility of 0.42 cm2 V-1 s-1 and an on/off ratio of 105.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tai Tao
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei, Taiwan, ROC , 11529
| | - Someshwar Pola
- Department of Chemistry, Nizam College, Osmania University , Hyderabad, 500001, India
| | - Sushil Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei, Taiwan, ROC , 11529
| | - M Minarul Islam
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica , Taipei, Taiwan, ROC , 11529
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14
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Kumar S, Ho MT, Tao YT. Unsymmetrically Extended Polyfused Aromatics Embedding Coronene and Perylene Frameworks: Syntheses and Properties. Org Lett 2015; 18:200-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar
- Institute
of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Man-Tzu Ho
- Department
of Chemistry, National Central University, Chung-Li 32054, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tai Tao
- Institute
of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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15
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Aoki T, Sakai H, Ohkubo K, Sakanoue T, Takenobu T, Fukuzumi S, Hasobe T. Ultrafast photoinduced electron transfer in face-to-face charge-transfer π-complexes of planar porphyrins and hexaazatriphenylene derivatives. Chem Sci 2015; 6:1498-1509. [PMID: 29308129 PMCID: PMC5630025 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02787f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Charge-transfer (CT) π-complexes are formed between planar porphyrins and 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene (HAT) derivatives with large formation constants (e.g., 104 M-1), exhibiting broad CT absorption bands. The unusually large formation constants result from close face-to-face contact between two planar π-planes of porphyrins and HAT derivatives. The redox potentials of porphyrins and HAT derivatives measured by cyclic voltammetry indicate that porphyrins and HAT derivatives act as electron donors and acceptors, respectively. The formation of 1 : 1 CT complexes between porphyrins and HAT derivatives was examined by UV-vis, fluorescence and 1H NMR measurements in nonpolar solvents. The occurrence of unprecedented ultrafast photoinduced electron transfer from the porphyrin unit to the HAT unit in the CT π-complex was observed by femtosecond laser flash photolysis measurements. A highly linear aggregate composed of a planar porphyrin and an HAT derivative was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Aoki
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science and Technology , Keio University , Yokohama , 223-8522 , Japan .
| | - Hayato Sakai
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science and Technology , Keio University , Yokohama , 223-8522 , Japan .
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Department of Material and Life Science , Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka University , ALCA , Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan .
| | - Tomo Sakanoue
- Department of Applied Physics , Waseda University , 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku , Tokyo 169-8555 , Japan .
| | - Taishi Takenobu
- Department of Applied Physics , Waseda University , 3-4-1, Okubo, Shinjuku , Tokyo 169-8555 , Japan .
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Material and Life Science , Graduate School of Engineering , Osaka University , ALCA , Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) , Suita , Osaka 565-0871 , Japan .
| | - Taku Hasobe
- Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science and Technology , Keio University , Yokohama , 223-8522 , Japan .
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