1
|
Cowie B, Mears KL, S’ari M, Lee JK, Briceno de Gutierrez M, Kalha C, Regoutz A, Shaffer MSP, Williams CK. Exploiting Organometallic Chemistry to Functionalize Small Cuprous Oxide Colloidal Nanocrystals. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3816-3824. [PMID: 38301241 PMCID: PMC10870705 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The ligand chemistry of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals mediates their solubility, band gap, and surface facets. Here, selective organometallic chemistry is used to prepare small, colloidal cuprous oxide nanocrystals and to control their surface chemistry by decorating them with metal complexes. The strategy is demonstrated using small (3-6 nm) cuprous oxide (Cu2O) colloidal nanocrystals (NC), soluble in organic solvents. Organometallic complexes are coordinated by reacting the surface Cu-OH bonds with organometallic reagents, M(C6F5)2, M = Zn(II) and Co(II), at room temperature. These reactions do not disrupt the Cu2O crystallinity or nanoparticle size; rather, they allow for the selective coordination of a specific metal complex at the surface. Subsequently, the surface-coordinated organometallic complex is reacted with three different carboxylic acids to deliver Cu-O-Zn(O2CR') complexes. Selective nanocrystal surface functionalization is established using spectroscopy (IR, 19F NMR), thermal gravimetric analyses (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM, EELS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Photoluminescence efficiency increases dramatically upon organometallic surface functionalization relative to that of the parent Cu2O NC, with the effect being most pronounced for Zn(II) decoration. The nanocrystal surfaces are selectively functionalized by both organic ligands and well-defined organometallic complexes; this synthetic strategy may be applicable to many other metal oxides, hydroxides, and semiconductors. In the future, it should allow NC properties to be designed for applications including catalysis, sensing, electronics, and quantum technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley
E. Cowie
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry
Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Kristian L. Mears
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry
Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Mark S’ari
- Johnson
Matthey, Johnson Matthey, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, U.K.
| | - Ja Kyung Lee
- Johnson
Matthey, Johnson Matthey, Blounts Court, Sonning Common, Reading RG4 9NH, U.K.
| | | | - Curran Kalha
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Anna Regoutz
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Milo S. P. Shaffer
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, Imperial College London, 82 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K.
| | - Charlotte K. Williams
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry
Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cowie BE, Häfele L, Phanopoulos A, Said SA, Lee JK, Regoutz A, Shaffer MSP, Williams CK. Matched Ligands for Small, Stable Colloidal Nanoparticles of Copper, Cuprous Oxide and Cuprous Sulfide. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300228. [PMID: 37078972 PMCID: PMC10947121 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
This work applies organometallic routes to copper(0/I) nanoparticles and describes how to match ligand chemistries with different material compositions. The syntheses involve reacting an organo-copper precursor, mesitylcopper(I) [CuMes]z (z=4, 5), at low temperatures and in organic solvents, with hydrogen, air or hydrogen sulfide to deliver Cu, Cu2 O or Cu2 S nanoparticles. Use of sub-stoichiometric quantities of protonated ligand (pro-ligand; 0.1-0.2 equivalents vs. [CuMes]z ) allows saturation of surface coordination sites but avoids excess pro-ligand contaminating the nanoparticle solutions. The pro-ligands are nonanoic acid (HO2 CR1 ), 2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]acetic acid (HO2 CR2 ) or di(thio)nonanoic acid, (HS2 CR1 ), and are matched to the metallic, oxide or sulfide nanoparticles. Ligand exchange reactions reveal that copper(0) nanoparticles may be coordinated by carboxylate or di(thio)carboxylate ligands, but Cu2 O is preferentially coordinated by carboxylate ligands and Cu2 S by di(thio)carboxylate ligands. This work highlights the opportunities for organometallic routes to well-defined nanoparticles and the need for appropriate ligand selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bradley E. Cowie
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Lisa Häfele
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Andreas Phanopoulos
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
- Department of Chemistry, Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Said A. Said
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Ja Kyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Anna Regoutz
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Milo S. P. Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry, Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Charlotte K. Williams
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Choukroun D, Pacquets L, Li C, Hoekx S, Arnouts S, Baert K, Hauffman T, Bals S, Breugelmans T. Mapping Composition-Selectivity Relationships of Supported Sub-10 nm Cu-Ag Nanocrystals for High-Rate CO 2 Electroreduction. ACS NANO 2021; 15:14858-14872. [PMID: 34428372 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal Cu-Ag nanocrystals measuring less than 10 nm across are promising candidates for integration in hybrid CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) interfaces, especially in the context of tandem catalysis and selective multicarbon (C2-C3) product formation. In this work, we vary the synthetic-ligand/copper molar ratio from 0.1 to 1.0 and the silver/copper atomic ratio from 0 to 0.7 and study the variations in the nanocrystals' size distribution, morphology and reactivity at rates of ≥100 mA cm-2 in a gas-fed recycle electrolyzer operating under neutral to mildly basic conditions (0.1-1.0 M KHCO3). High-resolution electron microscopy and spectroscopy are used in order to characterize the morphology of sub-10 nm Cu-Ag nanodimers and core-shells and to elucidate trends in Ag coverage and surface composition. It is shown that Cu-Ag nanocrystals can be densely dispersed onto a carbon black support without the need for immediate ligand removal or binder addition, which considerably facilitates their application. Although CO2RR product distribution remains an intricate function of time, (kinetic) overpotential and processing conditions, we nevertheless conclude that the ratio of oxygenates to hydrocarbons (which depends primarily on the initial dispersion of the nanocrystals and their composition) rises 3-fold at moderate Ag atom % relative to Cu NCs-based electrodes. Finally, the merits of this particular Cu-Ag/C system and the recycling reactor employed are utilized to obtain maximum C2-C3 partial current densities of 92-140 mA cm-2 at -1.15 VRHE and liquid product concentrations in excess of 0.05 wt % in 1 M KHCO3 after short electrolysis periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Choukroun
- Applied Electrochemistry and Catalysis (ELCAT), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lien Pacquets
- Applied Electrochemistry and Catalysis (ELCAT), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Research (EMAT), University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Chen Li
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Research (EMAT), University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Saskia Hoekx
- Applied Electrochemistry and Catalysis (ELCAT), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Research (EMAT), University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sven Arnouts
- Applied Electrochemistry and Catalysis (ELCAT), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Research (EMAT), University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kitty Baert
- Electrochemical and Surface Engineering (SURF), Materials and Chemistry (MACH), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tom Hauffman
- Electrochemical and Surface Engineering (SURF), Materials and Chemistry (MACH), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sara Bals
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Research (EMAT), University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tom Breugelmans
- Applied Electrochemistry and Catalysis (ELCAT), University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
- Separation & Conversion Technologies, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen Z, Fichthorn KA. Adsorption of ethylenediamine on Cu surfaces: attributes of a successful capping molecule using first-principles calculations. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:13529-13537. [PMID: 34477757 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03173b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The shape-controlled synthesis of Cu nanocrystals can benefit a wide range of applications, though challenges exist in achieving high and selective yields to a particular shape. Capping agents play a pivotal role in controlling shape, but their exact role remains ambiguous. In this study, the adsorption of ethylenediamine (EDA) on Cu(100) and Cu(111) was investigated with quantum density functional theory (DFT) to reveal the complex roles of EDA in promoting penta-twinned Cu nanowire growth. We find EDA has stronger binding on Cu(100) than on Cu(111), which agrees the general expectation that penta-twinned Cu nanowires express facets with stronger capping-molecule binding. Despite this stronger binding, ab initio thermodynamics reveals the surface energy of EDA-covered Cu(111) is lower than that EDA-covered Cu(100) at all solution-phase EDA chemical potentials, so there is no thermodynamic driving force for penta-twinned nanowires. We also investigated the capability of EDA to protect Cu surfaces from oxidation in water by quantifying energy barriers for a water molecule to diffuse through EDA layers on Cu(100) and Cu(111). The energy barrier on Cu(100) is significantly lower, which supports observations of faster oxidation of Cu(100) in electrochemical experiments. Thus, we elucidate another possible function of a capping agent - to enable selective oxidation of crystal facets. This finding adds to the general understanding of successful attributes of capping agents for shape-selective nanocrystal growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yan T, Fichthorn KA. Self-Assembly of a Linear Alkylamine Bilayer around a Cu Nanocrystal: Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:4178-4186. [PMID: 33872508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c02043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Copper nanocrystals are often grown with the help of alkylamine capping agents, which direct the nanocrystal shape. However, the role of these molecules is still unclear. We characterized the assembly of aqueous tetradecylamine (TDA) around a Cu nanocrystal and found that TDA exhibits a temperature-dependent bilayer structure. The bilayer involves an inner layer, in which TDA binds to Cu via the amine group and tends to orient the alkyl tail perpendicular to the surface, and an outer layer whose structure depends on temperature. At low temperatures, alkylamines in the inner layer form bundles with no apparent relation to the crystal facets. Alkylamines in the outer layer tend to orient their long axes perpendicular to the Cu surfaces, with interdigitation into the inner layer. At high temperatures, alkylamines in the inner layer lose their bundle structure, and outer-layer alkylamines tend to orient themselves tangential to the Cu surfaces, forming a "web" above inner-layer TDA. TDA exhibits a rapid interlayer exchange at typical synthesis temperatures, consistent with experiment. The variety in the assemblies seen here and in other studies of alkanethiols around gold nanocrystals indicates a richness in the assemblies that can be achieved by modulating the interaction between the strongly binding end group and the surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Kristen A Fichthorn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.,Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu H, Casabianca LB. Dual Fluorescence and NMR Study for the Interaction between Xanthene Dyes and Nanoparticles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:385-390. [PMID: 33356333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent dyes and nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used together to make novel biosensors, taking advantage of their unique characteristics. It is crucial to have techniques that enable us to gain detailed and high-resolution information regarding the interaction between NPs and fluorescent dyes. In this work, we chose rhodamine B (RhB) and amidine- and carboxylate-modified polystyrene (CML) NPs as models and employed both NMR (1H and STD-NMR) and optical (UV-vis and fluorescence) techniques to investigate the interaction between NPs and fluorescent dyes. From UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy, we see that there are larger red shifts when rhodamine B binds to carboxylate-modified polystyrene NPs than amidine-modified NPs. Correspondingly, RhB has broader NMR peaks and a larger STD effect when binding to CML NPs than amidine NPs. Results from these two techniques validate each other. It is notable that the NMR techniques provide more reliable data than UV-vis and fluorescence methods. Moreover, we show that NMR techniques, especially STD-NMR, can provide more atomic-level binding geometry information. The higher STD effect of the smaller aromatic ring of RhB implies that this aromatic ring is closer to the surface of NPs when binding to polystyrene NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Leah Beck Casabianca
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lyu Z, Zhu S, Xu L, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Xie M, Li T, Zhou S, Liu J, Chi M, Shao M, Mavrikakis M, Xia Y. Kinetically Controlled Synthesis of Pd–Cu Janus Nanocrystals with Enriched Surface Structures and Enhanced Catalytic Activities toward CO2 Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 143:149-162. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Lyu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Shangqian Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lang Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Zitao Chen
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Minghao Xie
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Tiehuai Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shan Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Jingyue Liu
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Miaofang Chi
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Minhua Shao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Branch of the Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Manos Mavrikakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Younan Xia
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li C, Tardajos AP, Wang D, Choukroun D, Van Daele K, Breugelmans T, Bals S. A simple method to clean ligand contamination on TEM grids. Ultramicroscopy 2020; 221:113195. [PMID: 33348183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2020.113195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) including nanowires and nanosheets made by chemical methods involve many organic ligands. When the structure of NPs is investigated via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the organic ligands act as a source for e-beam induced deposition and this causes substantial build-up of carbon layers in the investigated areas, which is typically referred to as "contamination" in the field of electron microscopy. This contamination is often more severe for scanning TEM, a technique that is based on a focused electron beam and hence higher electron dose rate. In this paper, we report a simple and effective method to clean drop-cast TEM grids that contain NPs with ligands. Using a combination of activated carbon and ethanol, this method effectively reduces the amount of ligands on TEM grids, and therefore greatly improves the quality of electron microscopy images and subsequent analytical measurements. This efficient and facile method can be helpful during electron microscopy investigation of different kinds of nanomaterials that suffer from ligand-induced contamination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Electron microscopy for Materials research (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium.
| | - Adrian Pedrazo Tardajos
- Electron microscopy for Materials research (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Da Wang
- Electron microscopy for Materials research (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Daniel Choukroun
- Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Kevin Van Daele
- Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Tom Breugelmans
- Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT), University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sara Bals
- Electron microscopy for Materials research (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tomotoshi D, Kawasaki H. Surface and Interface Designs in Copper-Based Conductive Inks for Printed/Flexible Electronics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1689. [PMID: 32867267 PMCID: PMC7559014 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Silver (Ag), gold (Au), and copper (Cu) have been utilized as metals for fabricating metal-based inks/pastes for printed/flexible electronics. Among them, Cu is the most promising candidate for metal-based inks/pastes. Cu has high intrinsic electrical/thermal conductivity, which is more cost-effective and abundant, as compared to Ag. Moreover, the migration tendency of Cu is less than that of Ag. Thus, recently, Cu-based inks/pastes have gained increasing attention as conductive inks/pastes for printed/flexible electronics. However, the disadvantages of Cu-based inks/pastes are their instability against oxidation under an ambient condition and tendency to form insulating layers of Cu oxide, such as cuprous oxide (Cu2O) and cupric oxide (CuO). The formation of the Cu oxidation causes a low conductivity in sintered Cu films and interferes with the sintering of Cu particles. In this review, we summarize the surface and interface designs for Cu-based conductive inks/pastes, in which the strategies for the oxidation resistance of Cu and low-temperature sintering are applied to produce highly conductive Cu patterns/electrodes on flexible substrates. First, we classify the Cu-based inks/pastes and briefly describe the surface oxidation behaviors of Cu. Next, we describe various surface control approaches for Cu-based inks/pastes to achieve both the oxidation resistance and low-temperature sintering to produce highly conductive Cu patterns/electrodes on flexible substrates. These surface control approaches include surface designs by polymers, small ligands, core-shell structures, and surface activation. Recently developed Cu-based mixed inks/pastes are also described, and the synergy effect in the mixed inks/pastes offers improved performances compared with the single use of each component. Finally, we offer our perspectives on Cu-based inks/pastes for future efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hideya Kawasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-8680, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu H, Casabianca LB. Probing driving forces for binding between nanoparticles and amino acids by saturation-transfer difference NMR. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12351. [PMID: 32704150 PMCID: PMC7378059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As nanotechnology becomes increasingly used in biomedicine, it is important to have techniques by which to examine the structure and dynamics of biologically-relevant molecules on the surface of engineered nanoparticles. Previous work has shown that Saturation-Transfer Difference (STD)-NMR can be used to explore the interaction between small molecules, including amino acids, and the surface of polystyrene nanoparticles. Here we use STD-NMR to further explore the different driving forces that are responsible for these interactions. Electrostatic effects are probed by using zwitterionic polystyrene beads and performing STD-NMR experiments at high, low, and neutral pH, as well as by varying the salt concentration and observing the effect on the STD buildup curve. The influence of dispersion interactions on ligand-nanoparticle binding is also explored, by establishing a structure–activity relationship for binding using a series of unnatural amino acids with different lengths of hydrophobic side chains. These results will be useful for predicting which residues in a peptide are responsible for binding and for understanding the driving forces for binding between peptides and nanoparticles in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Leah B Casabianca
- Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zou Y, Zhou X, Ma J, Yang X, Deng Y. Recent advances in amphiphilic block copolymer templated mesoporous metal-based materials: assembly engineering and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:1173-1208. [PMID: 31967137 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00334g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mesoporous metal-based materials (MMBMs) have received unprecedented attention in catalysis, sensing, and energy storage and conversion owing to their unique electronic structures, uniform mesopore size and high specific surface area. In the last decade, great progress has been made in the design and application of MMBMs; in particular, many novel assembly engineering methods and strategies based on amphiphilic block copolymers as structure-directing agents have also been developed for the "bottom-up" construction of a variety of MMBMs. Development of MMBMs is therefore of significant importance from both academic and practical points of view. In this review, we provide a systematic elaboration of the molecular assembly methods and strategies for MMBMs, such as tuning the driving force between amphiphilic block copolymers and various precursors (i.e., metal salts, nanoparticles/clusters and polyoxometalates) for pore characteristics and physicochemical properties. The structure-performance relationship of MMBMs (e.g., pore size, surface area, crystallinity and crystal structure) based on various spectroscopy analysis techniques and density functional theory (DFT) calculation is discussed and the influence of the surface/interfacial properties of MMBMs (e.g., active surfaces, heterojunctions, binding sites and acid-base properties) in various applications is also included. The prospect of accurately designing functional mesoporous materials and future research directions in the field of MMBMs is pointed out in this review, and it will open a new avenue for the inorganic-organic assembly in various fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Zou
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xinran Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Junhao Ma
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xuanyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Yonghui Deng
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China. and State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lepetit C, Fau P, Fajerwerg K, Kahn ML, Silvi B. Topological analysis of the metal-metal bond: A tutorial review. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
13
|
Wegner S, Rutz C, Schütte K, Barthel J, Bushmelev A, Schmidt A, Dilchert K, Fischer RA, Janiak C. Soft, Wet-Chemical Synthesis of Metastable Superparamagnetic Hexagonal Close-Packed Nickel Nanoparticles in Different Ionic Liquids. Chemistry 2017; 23:6330-6340. [PMID: 28196305 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susann Wegner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; 40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Christina Rutz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; 40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Kai Schütte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; 40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Juri Barthel
- Gemeinschaftslabor für Elektronenmikroskopie RWTH-Aachen; Ernst Ruska-Centrum für Mikroskopie und Spektroskopie mit Elektronen; 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Alexey Bushmelev
- Physical Chemistry Department; University of Cologne; Luxemburger Str. 116 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Annette Schmidt
- Physical Chemistry Department; University of Cologne; Luxemburger Str. 116 50939 Cologne Germany
| | - Katharina Dilchert
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische und Metallorganische Chemie; TU München; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Roland A. Fischer
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische und Metallorganische Chemie; TU München; Lichtenbergstr. 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie; Heine-Universität Düsseldorf; 40204 Düsseldorf Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pike SD, White ER, Regoutz A, Sammy N, Payne DJ, Williams CK, Shaffer MSP. Reversible Redox Cycling of Well-Defined, Ultrasmall Cu/Cu 2O Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2017; 11:2714-2723. [PMID: 28286946 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Exceptionally small and well-defined copper (Cu) and cuprite (Cu2O) nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized by the reaction of mesitylcopper(I) with either H2 or air, respectively. In the presence of substoichiometric quantities of ligands, namely, stearic or di(octyl)phosphinic acid (0.1-0.2 equiv vs Cu), ultrasmall nanoparticles are prepared with diameters as low as ∼2 nm, soluble in a range of solvents. The solutions of Cu NPs undergo quantitative oxidation, on exposure to air, to form Cu2O NPs. The Cu2O NPs can be reduced back to Cu(0) NPs using accessible temperatures and low pressures of hydrogen (135 °C, 3 bar H2). This striking reversible redox cycling of the discrete, solubilized Cu/Cu(I) colloids was successfully repeated over 10 cycles, representing 19 separate reactions. The ligands influence the evolution of both composition and size of the nanoparticles, during synthesis and redox cycling, as explored in detail using vacuum-transfer aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and visible spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian D Pike
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London , Imperial College Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Edward R White
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London , Imperial College Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Anna Regoutz
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London , Imperial College Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Nicholas Sammy
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London , Imperial College Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - David J Payne
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London , Imperial College Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Charlotte K Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Oxford University, Chemistry Research Laboratory , 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Milo S P Shaffer
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London , Imperial College Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London , Imperial College Road, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Schütte K, Barthel J, Endres M, Siebels M, Smarsly BM, Yue J, Janiak C. Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles and Metal Fluoride Nanoparticles from Metal Amidinate Precursors in 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Ionic Liquids and Propylene Carbonate. ChemistryOpen 2017; 6:137-148. [PMID: 28168159 PMCID: PMC5288766 DOI: 10.1002/open.201600105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Decomposition of transition-metal amidinates [M{MeC(NiPr)2} n ] [M(AMD) n ; M=MnII, FeII, CoII, NiII, n=2; CuI, n=1) induced by microwave heating in the ionic liquids (ILs) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIm][BF4]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIm][PF6]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (triflate) ([BMIm][TfO]), and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tosylate ([BMIm][Tos]) or in propylene carbonate (PC) gives transition-metal nanoparticles (M-NPs) in non-fluorous media (e.g. [BMIm][Tos] and PC) or metal fluoride nanoparticles (MF2-NPs) for M=Mn, Fe, and Co in [BMIm][BF4]. FeF2-NPs can be prepared upon Fe(AMD)2 decomposition in [BMIm][BF4], [BMIm][PF6], and [BMIm][TfO]. The nanoparticles are stable in the absence of capping ligands (surfactants) for more than 6 weeks. The crystalline phases of the metal or metal fluoride synthesized in [BMIm][BF4] were identified by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) to exclusively Ni- and Cu-NPs or to solely MF2-NPs for M=Mn, Fe, and Co. The size and size dispersion of the nanoparticles were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to an average diameter of 2(±2) to 14(±4) nm for the M-NPs, except for the Cu-NPs in PC, which were 51(±8) nm. The MF2-NPs from [BMIm][BF4] were 15(±4) to 65(±18) nm. The average diameter from TEM is in fair agreement with the size evaluated from PXRD with the Scherrer equation. The characterization was complemented by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Electrochemical investigations of the CoF2-NPs as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries were simply evaluated by galvanostatic charge/discharge profiles, and the results indicated that the reversible capacity of the CoF2-NPs was much lower than the theoretical value, which may have originated from the complex conversion reaction mechanism and residue on the surface of the nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Schütte
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf40204DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Juri Barthel
- Gemeinschaftslabor für Elektronenmikroskopie RWTH-AachenErnst Ruska-Centrum für Mikroskopie und Spektroskopie mit Elektronen52425JülichGermany
| | - Manuel Endres
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf40204DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Marvin Siebels
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf40204DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Bernd M. Smarsly
- Physikalisch-Chemisches InstitutJustus-Liebig-Universität Gießen35392GießenGermany
| | - Junpei Yue
- Physikalisch-Chemisches InstitutJustus-Liebig-Universität Gießen35392GießenGermany
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und StrukturchemieHeinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf40204DüsseldorfGermany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pike SD, García-Trenco A, White ER, Leung AHM, Weiner J, Shaffer MSP, Williams CK. Colloidal Cu/ZnO catalysts for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol: investigating catalyst preparation and ligand effects. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy01191a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on the influences of the catalyst preparation method and ligand effects for a series of highly active Cu/ZnO colloidal catalysts for the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrés García-Trenco
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | | | - Alice H. M. Leung
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oxford
- Chemistry Research Laboratory
- Oxford
- UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Huan TN, Simon P, Benayad A, Guetaz L, Artero V, Fontecave M. Cu/Cu2
O Electrodes and CO2
Reduction to Formic Acid: Effects of Organic Additives on Surface Morphology and Activity. Chemistry 2016; 22:14029-14035. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201602618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tran Ngoc Huan
- Université Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble 38000 France
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals; CNRS UMR 5249; 17 rue des Martyrs 38054 Grenoble cedex France
- Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), BIG; Grenoble 3800 France
| | - Philippe Simon
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, CNRS UMR 8229; Collège de France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie; 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot 75005 Paris France
| | - Anass Benayad
- Université Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble 38000 France
- Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA); Institut Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies, Nouvelles et les Nanomatériaux (LITEN); Grenoble 38000 France
| | - Laure Guetaz
- Université Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble 38000 France
- Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA); Institut Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies, Nouvelles et les Nanomatériaux (LITEN); Grenoble 38000 France
| | - Vincent Artero
- Université Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble 38000 France
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals; CNRS UMR 5249; 17 rue des Martyrs 38054 Grenoble cedex France
- Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), BIG; Grenoble 3800 France
| | - Marc Fontecave
- Université Grenoble Alpes; Grenoble 38000 France
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Metals; CNRS UMR 5249; 17 rue des Martyrs 38054 Grenoble cedex France
- Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), BIG; Grenoble 3800 France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Processus Biologiques, CNRS UMR 8229; Collège de France; Université Pierre et Marie Curie; 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot 75005 Paris France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Amiens C, Ciuculescu-Pradines D, Philippot K. Controlled metal nanostructures: Fertile ground for coordination chemists. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
19
|
Liu SH, Balankura T, Fichthorn KA. Self-assembled monolayer structures of hexadecylamine on Cu surfaces: density-functional theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:32753-32761. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07030b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We used dispersion-corrected density-functional theory to probe possible structures for adsorbed layers of hexadecylamine (HDA) on Cu(111) (left) and Cu(100) (right).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsien Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- The Pennsylvania State University
- University Park
- USA
| | - Tonnam Balankura
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- The Pennsylvania State University
- University Park
- USA
| | - Kristen A. Fichthorn
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- The Pennsylvania State University
- University Park
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Qian F, Lan PC, Olson T, Zhu C, Duoss EB, Spadaccini CM, Han TYJ. Multiphase separation of copper nanowires. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:11627-11630. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06228h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A new method to purify copper nanowires with nearly 100% yield from copper nanoparticle side-products formed during a batch copper nanowire synthesis is reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Qian
- Physics and Life Science Directorate
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
- Livermore
- USA
| | - Pui Ching Lan
- Physics and Life Science Directorate
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
- Livermore
- USA
| | - Tammy Olson
- Physics and Life Science Directorate
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
- Livermore
- USA
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Engineering Directorate
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
- Livermore
- USA
| | - Eric B. Duoss
- Engineering Directorate
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
- Livermore
- USA
| | | | - T. Yong-Jin Han
- Physics and Life Science Directorate
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
- Livermore
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
The study of transient protein-nanoparticle interactions by solution NMR spectroscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1864:102-14. [PMID: 25936778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of novel nanoscale materials for applications in biomedicine urges an improved characterization of the nanobio interfaces. Nanoparticles exhibit unique structures and properties, often different from the corresponding bulk materials, and the nature of their interactions with biological systems remains poorly characterized. Solution NMR spectroscopy is a mature technique for the investigation of biomolecular structure, dynamics, and intermolecular associations, however its use in protein-nanoparticle interaction studies remains scarce and highly challenging, particularly due to unfavorable hydrodynamic properties of most nanoscale assemblies. Nonetheless, recent efforts demonstrated that a number of NMR observables, such as chemical shifts, signal intensities, amide exchange rates and relaxation parameters, together with newly designed saturation transfer experiments, could be successfully employed to characterize the orientation, structure and dynamics of proteins adsorbed onto nanoparticle surfaces. This review provides the first survey and critical assessment of the contributions from solution NMR spectroscopy to the study of transient interactions between proteins and both inorganic (gold, silver, and silica) and organic (polymer, carbon and lipid based) nanoparticles. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Physiological Enzymology and Protein Functions.
Collapse
|