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Singh A, Roy L. Evolution in the Design of Water Oxidation Catalysts with Transition-Metals: A Perspective on Biological, Molecular, Supramolecular, and Hybrid Approaches. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:9886-9920. [PMID: 38463281 PMCID: PMC10918817 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Increased demand for a carbon-neutral sustainable energy scheme augmented by climatic threats motivates the design and exploration of novel approaches that reserve intermittent solar energy in the form of chemical bonds in molecules and materials. In this context, inspired by biological processes, artificial photosynthesis has garnered significant attention as a promising solution to convert solar power into chemical fuels from abundantly found H2O. Among the two redox half-reactions in artificial photosynthesis, the four-electron oxidation of water according to 2H2O → O2 + 4H+ + 4e- comprises the major bottleneck and is a severe impediment toward sustainable energy production. As such, devising new catalytic platforms, with traditional concepts of molecular, materials and biological catalysis and capable of integrating the functional architectures of the natural oxygen-evolving complex in photosystem II would certainly be a value-addition toward this objective. In this review, we discuss the progress in construction of ideal water oxidation catalysts (WOCs), starting with the ingenuity of the biological design with earth-abundant transition metal ions, which then diverges into molecular, supramolecular and hybrid approaches, blurring any existing chemical or conceptual boundaries. We focus on the geometric, electronic, and mechanistic understanding of state-of-the-art homogeneous transition-metal containing molecular WOCs and summarize the limiting factors such as choice of ligands and predominance of environmentally unrewarding and expensive noble-metals, necessity of high-valency on metal, thermodynamic instability of intermediates, and reversibility of reactions that create challenges in construction of robust and efficient water oxidation catalyst. We highlight how judicious heterogenization of atom-efficient molecular WOCs in supramolecular and hybrid approaches put forth promising avenues to alleviate the existing problems in molecular catalysis, albeit retaining their fascinating intrinsic reactivities. Taken together, our overview is expected to provide guiding principles on opportunities, challenges, and crucial factors for designing novel water oxidation catalysts based on a synergy between conventional and contemporary methodologies that will incite the expansion of the domain of artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajeet
Kumar Singh
- Institute of Chemical Technology
Mumbai−IOC Odisha Campus Bhubaneswar, IIT Kharagpur Extension
Centre, Bhubaneswar − 751013 India
| | - Lisa Roy
- Institute of Chemical Technology
Mumbai−IOC Odisha Campus Bhubaneswar, IIT Kharagpur Extension
Centre, Bhubaneswar − 751013 India
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2
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Green Energy by Hydrogen Production from Water Splitting, Water Oxidation Catalysis and Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Coupling. INORGANICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics11020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we want to explain how the burning of fossil fuels is pushing us towards green energy. Actually, for a long time, we have believed that everything is profitable, that resources are unlimited and there are no consequences. However, the reality is often disappointing. The use of non-renewable resources, the excessive waste production and the abandonment of the task of recycling has created a fragile thread that, once broken, may never restore itself. Metaphors aside, we are talking about our planet, the Earth, and its unique ability to host life, including ourselves. Our world has its balance; when the wind erodes a mountain, a beach appears, or when a fire devastates an area, eventually new life emerges from the ashes. However, humans have been distorting this balance for decades. Our evolving way of living has increased the number of resources that each person consumes, whether food, shelter, or energy; we have overworked everything to exhaustion. Scientists worldwide have already said actively and passively that we are facing one of the biggest problems ever: climate change. This is unsustainable and we must try to revert it, or, if we are too late, slow it down as much as possible. To make this happen, there are many possible methods. In this review, we investigate catalysts for using water as an energy source, or, instead of water, alcohols. On the other hand, the recycling of gases such as CO2 and N2O is also addressed, but we also observe non-catalytic means of generating energy through solar cell production.
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3
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Vereshchuk N, Gil-Sepulcre M, Ghaderian A, Holub J, Gimbert-Suriñach C, Llobet A. Metamorphic oxygen-evolving molecular Ru and Ir catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:196-211. [PMID: 36459110 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00463a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Today sustainable and clean energy conversion strategies are based on sunlight and the use of water as a source of protons and electrons, in a similar manner as it happens in Photosystem II. To achieve this, the charge separation state induced by light has to be capable of oxidising water by 4 protons and 4 electrons and generating molecular oxygen. This oxidation occurs by the intermediacy of a catalyst capable of finding low-energy pathways via proton-coupled electron transfer steps. The high energy involved in the thermodynamics of water oxidation reaction, coupled with its mechanistic complexity, is responsible for the difficulty of discovering efficient and oxidatively robust molecules capable of achieving such a challenging task. A significant number of Ru coordination complexes have been identified as water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) and are among the best understood from a mechanistic perspective. In this review, we describe the catalytic performance of these complexes and focus our attention on the factors that influence their performance during catalysis, especially in cases where a detailed mechanistic investigation has been carried out. The collective information extracted from all the catalysts studied allows one to identify the key features that govern the complex chemistry associated with the catalytic water oxidation reaction. This includes the stability of trans-O-Ru-O groups, the change in coordination number from CN6 to CN7 at Ru high oxidation states, the ligand flexibility, the capacity to undergo intramolecular proton transfer, the bond strain, the axial ligand substitution, and supramolecular effects. Overall, combining all this information generates a coherent view of this complex chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Vereshchuk
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. .,Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marcos Gil-Sepulcre
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Abolfazl Ghaderian
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. .,Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jan Holub
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. .,Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, CZ-16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Carolina Gimbert-Suriñach
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. .,Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain. .,Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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4
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Wang L, Wang L. Ligands modification strategies for mononuclear water splitting catalysts. Front Chem 2022; 10:996383. [PMID: 36238101 PMCID: PMC9551221 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.996383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis (AP) has been proved to be a promising way of alleviating global climate change and energy crisis. Among various materials for AP, molecular complexes play an important role due to their favorable efficiency, stability, and activity. As a result of its importance, the topic has been extensively reviewed, however, most of them paid attention to the designs and preparations of complexes and their water splitting mechanisms. In fact, ligands design and preparation also play an important role in metal complexes’ properties and catalysis performance. In this review, we focus on the ligands that are suitable for designing mononuclear catalysts for water splitting, providing a coherent discussion at the strategic level because of the availability of various activity studies for the selected complexes. Two main designing strategies for ligands in molecular catalysts, substituents modification and backbone construction, are discussed in detail in terms of their potentials for water splitting catalysts.
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5
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Nicholas KM, Lander C, Shao Y. Computational Evaluation of Potential Molecular Catalysts for Nitrous Oxide Decomposition. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:14591-14605. [PMID: 36067530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) with limited use as a mild anesthetic and underdeveloped reactivity. Nitrous oxide splitting (decomposition) is critical to its mitigation as a GHG. Although heterogeneous catalysts for N2O decomposition have been developed, highly efficient, long-lived solid catalysts are still needed, and the details of the catalytic pathways are not well understood. Reported herein is a computational evaluation of three potential molecular (homogeneous) catalysts for N2O splitting, which could aid in the development of more active and robust catalysts and provide deeper mechanistic insights: one Cu(I)-based, [(CF3O)4Al]Cu (A-1), and two Ru(III)-based, Cl(POR)Ru (B-1) and (NTA)Ru (C-1) (POR = porphyrin, NTA = nitrilotriacetate). The structures and energetic viability of potential intermediates and key transition states are evaluated according to a two-stage reaction pathway: (A) deoxygenation (DO), during which a metal-N2O complex undergoes N-O bond cleavage to produce N2 and a metal-oxo species and (B) (di)oxygen evolution (OER), in which the metal-oxo species dimerizes to a dimetal-peroxo complex, followed by conversion to a metal-dioxygen species from which dioxygen dissociates. For the (F-L)Cu(I) activator (A-1), deoxygenation of N2O is facilitated by an O-bound (F-L)Cu-O-N2 or better by a bimetallic N,O-bonded, (F-L)Cu-NNO-Cu(F-L) complex; the resulting copper-oxyl (F-L)Cu-O is converted exergonically to (F-L)Cu-(η2,η2-O2)-Cu(F-L), which leads to dioxygen species (F-L)Cu(η2-O2), that favorably dissociates O2. Key features of the DO/OER process for (POR)ClRu (B-1) include endergonic N2O coordination, facile N2 evolution from LR'u-N2O-RuL to Cl(POR)RuO, moderate barrier coupling of Cl(POR)RuO to peroxo Cl(POR)Ru(O2)Ru(POR)Cl, and eventual O2 dissociation from Cl(POR)Ru(η1-O2), which is nearly thermoneutral. N2O decomposition promoted by (NTA)Ru(III) (C-1) can proceed with exergonic N2O coordination, facile N2 dissociation from (NTA)Ru-ON2 or (NTA)Ru-N2O-Ru(NTA) to form (NTA)Ru-O; dimerization of the (NTA)Ru-oxo species is facile to produce (NTA)Ru-O-O-Ru(NTA), and subsequent OE from the peroxo species is moderately endergonic. Considering the overall energetics, (F-L)Cu and Cl(POR)Ru derivatives are deemed the best candidates for promoting facile N2O decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M Nicholas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Chance Lander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Yihan Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Stephenson Life Sciences Research Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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6
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Heterogenization of Molecular Water Oxidation Catalysts in Electrodes for (Photo)Electrochemical Water Oxidation. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Water oxidation is still one of the most important challenges to develop efficient artificial photosynthetic devices. In recent decades, the development and study of molecular complexes for water oxidation have allowed insight into the principles governing catalytic activity and the mechanism as well as establish ligand design guidelines to improve performance. However, their durability and long-term stability compromise the performance of molecular-based artificial photosynthetic devices. In this context, heterogenization of molecular water oxidation catalysts on electrode surfaces has emerged as a promising approach for efficient long-lasting water oxidation for artificial photosynthetic devices. This review covers the state of the art of strategies for the heterogenization of molecular water oxidation catalysts onto electrodes for (photo)electrochemical water oxidation. An overview and description of the main binding strategies are provided explaining the advantages of each strategy and their scope. Moreover, selected examples are discussed together with the the differences in activity and stability between the homogeneous and the heterogenized system when reported. Finally, the common design principles for efficient (photo)electrocatalytic performance summarized.
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7
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Ghaderian A, Kazim S, Khaja Nazeeruddin M, Ahmad S. Strategic factors to design the next generation of molecular water oxidation catalysts: Lesson learned from ruthenium complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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8
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Schindler D, Meza‐Chincha A, Roth M, Würthner F. Structure-Activity Relationship for Di- up to Tetranuclear Macrocyclic Ruthenium Catalysts in Homogeneous Water Oxidation. Chemistry 2021; 27:16938-16946. [PMID: 33909302 PMCID: PMC9290496 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Two di- and tetranuclear Ru(bda) (bda: 2,2'-bipyridine-6,6'-dicarboxylate) macrocyclic complexes were synthesized and their catalytic activities in chemical and photochemical water oxidation investigated in a comparative manner to our previously reported trinuclear congener. Our studies have shown that the catalytic activities of this homologous series of multinuclear Ru(bda) macrocycles in homogeneous water oxidation are dependent on their size, exhibiting highest efficiencies for the largest tetranuclear catalyst. The turnover frequencies (TOFs) have increased from di- to tetranuclear macrocycles not only per catalyst molecule but more importantly also per Ru unit with TOF of 6 s-1 to 8.7 s-1 and 10.5 s-1 in chemical and 0.6 s-1 to 3.3 s-1 and 5.8 s-1 in photochemical water oxidation per Ru unit, respectively. Thus, for the first time, a clear structure-activity relationship could be established for this novel class of macrocyclic water oxidation catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Schindler
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | | | - Maximilian Roth
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Universität WürzburgTheodor-Boveri-Weg97074WürzburgGermany
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9
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Introducing electrostatic interaction into Ru(bda) complexes for promoting water-oxidation catalysis. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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Rodriguez GM, Zaccaria F, Van Dijk S, Zuccaccia C, Macchioni A. Substituent Effects on the Activity of Cp*Ir(pyridine-carboxylate) Water Oxidation Catalysts: Which Ligand Fragments Remain Coordinated to the Active Ir Centers? Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Menendez Rodriguez
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università; Degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elceo di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Zaccaria
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università; Degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elceo di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Sybren Van Dijk
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università; Degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elceo di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università; Degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elceo di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie and CIRCC, Università; Degli Studi di Perugia, Via Elceo di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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11
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Swann MT, Nicholas KM. Structural Effects on Dioxygen Evolution from Ru(V)−Oxo Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Swann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Oklahoma 101 Stephenson Parkway Norman OK 73069 USA
| | - Kenneth M. Nicholas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Oklahoma 101 Stephenson Parkway Norman OK 73069 USA
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12
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Timmer BJJ, Kravchenko O, Liu T, Zhang B, Sun L. Off-Set Interactions of Ruthenium-bda Type Catalysts for Promoting Water-Splitting Performance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:14504-14511. [PMID: 33861495 PMCID: PMC8251529 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
O-O bond formation with Ru(bda)L2 -type catalysts is well-known to proceed through a bimolecular reaction pathway, limiting the potential application of these catalysts at low concentrations. Herein, we achieved high efficiencies with mononuclear catalysts, with TOFs of 460±32 s-1 at high catalyst loading and 31±3 s-1 at only 1 μM catalyst concentration, by simple structural considerations on the axial ligands. Kinetic and DFT studies show that introduction of an off-set in the interaction between the two catalytic units reduces the kinetic barrier of the second-order O-O bond formation, maintaining high catalytic activity even at low catalyst concentrations. The results herein furthermore suggest that π-π interactions may only play a minor role in the observed catalytic activity, and that asymmetry can also rationalize high activity observed for Ru(bda)(isoq)2 type catalysts and offer inspiration to overcome the limitations of 2nd order catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. J. Timmer
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of Technology10044StockholmSweden
| | - Oleksandr Kravchenko
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of Technology10044StockholmSweden
| | - Tianqi Liu
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of Technology10044StockholmSweden
| | - Biaobiao Zhang
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of Technology10044StockholmSweden
| | - Licheng Sun
- Department of ChemistrySchool of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and HealthKTH Royal Institute of Technology10044StockholmSweden
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsInstitute of Artificial PhotosynthesisDUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular DevicesDalian University of Technology116024DalianChina
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar FuelsSchool of ScienceWestlake University310024HangzhouChina
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13
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Abstract
Poly (vinyl ethers) are compounds with great value in the coating industry due to exhibiting properties such as high viscosity, soft adhesiveness, resistance to saponification and solubility in water and organic solvents. However, the main challenge in this field is the synthesis of vinyl ether monomers that can be synthetized by methodologies such as vinyl transfer, reduction of vinyl phosphate ether, isomerization, hydrogenation of acetylenic ethers, elimination, addition of alcohols to alkyne species etc. Nevertheless, the most successful strategy to access to vinyl ether derivatives is the addition of alcohols to alkynes catalyzed by transition metals such as molybdenum, tungsten, ruthenium, palladium, platinum, gold, silver, iridium and rhodium, where gold-NHC catalysts have shown the best results in vinyl ether synthesis. Recently, the hydrophenoxylation reaction was found to proceed through a digold-assisted process where the species that determine the rate of the reaction are PhO-[Au(IPr)] and alkyne-[Au(IPr)]. Later, the improvement of the hydrophenoxylation reaction by using a mixed combination of Cu-NHC and Au-NHC catalysts was also reported. DFT studies confirmed a cost-effective method for the hydrophenoxylation reaction and located the rate-determining step, which turned out to be quite sensitive to the sterical hindrance due to the NHC ligands.
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14
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Timmer BJJ, Kravchenko O, Liu T, Zhang B, Sun L. Off‐Set Interactions of Ruthenium–bda Type Catalysts for Promoting Water‐Splitting Performance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. J. Timmer
- Department of Chemistry School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Oleksandr Kravchenko
- Department of Chemistry School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Tianqi Liu
- Department of Chemistry School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Biaobiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Licheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health KTH Royal Institute of Technology 10044 Stockholm Sweden
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Centre on Molecular Devices Dalian University of Technology 116024 Dalian China
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels School of Science Westlake University 310024 Hangzhou China
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15
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Palo A, La Ganga G, Nastasi F, Guelfi M, Bortoluzzi M, Pampaloni G, Puntoriero F, Campagna S, Marchetti F. Unsymmetrical Dinuclear Ru
II
Complexes with Bridging Polydentate Nitrogen Ligands as Potential Water Oxidation Catalysts. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Palo
- Università di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Giuseppina La Ganga
- Università di Messina Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Biologiche Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Interuniversitary Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (SOLAR-CHEM) Via F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Francesco Nastasi
- Università di Messina Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Biologiche Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Interuniversitary Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (SOLAR-CHEM) Via F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Massimo Guelfi
- Università di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Marco Bortoluzzi
- Ca' Foscari Università di Venezia Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi Via Torino 155 30170 Mestre (VE) Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- Università di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Fausto Puntoriero
- Università di Messina Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Biologiche Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Interuniversitary Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (SOLAR-CHEM) Via F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Sebastiano Campagna
- Università di Messina Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Biologiche Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali
- Interuniversitary Research Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (SOLAR-CHEM) Via F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 98166 Messina Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Università di Pisa Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
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16
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Yi J, Zhan S, Chen L, Tian Q, Wang N, Li J, Xu W, Zhang B, Ahlquist MSG. Electrostatic Interactions Accelerating Water Oxidation Catalysis via Intercatalyst O-O Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:2484-2490. [PMID: 33538597 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Intercatalyst coupling has been widely applied in the functional mimics for binuclear synergy in natural metal enzymes. Herein, we introduce two facile and effective design strategies, which facilitate the coupling of two catalytic units via electrostatic interactions. The first system is based on a catalyst molecule functionalized with both a positively charged and a negatively charged group in the structure being able to pair with each other in an antiparallel manner arranged by electrostatic interactions. The other system consists of a mixture of two different of catalysts modified with either positively or negatively charged groups to generate intermolecular electrostatic interactions. Applying these designs to Ru(bda) (H2bda = 2,2'-bipyridine-6,6'-dicarboxylic acid) water-oxidation catalysts improved the catalytic performance by more than an order of magnitude. The intermolecular electrostatic interactions in these two systems were fully identified by 1H NMR, TEM, SAXS, and electrical conductivity experiments. Molecular dynamics simulations further verified that electrostatic interactions contribute to the formation of prereactive dimers, which were found to play a key role in dramatically improving the catalytic performance. The successful strategies demonstrated here can be used in designing other intercatalyst coupling systems for activation and formation of small molecules and organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Yi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069 Xi'an, China
| | - Shaoqi Zhan
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry & Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Material, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Qiang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Environment-Friendly Energy Material, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 621010 Mianyang, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069 Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069 Xi'an, China
| | - Wenhua Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, 710069 Xi'an, China
| | - Biaobiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mårten S G Ahlquist
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry & Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Noll N, Würthner F. A Calix[4]arene-Based Cyclic Dinuclear Ruthenium Complex for Light-Driven Catalytic Water Oxidation. Chemistry 2021; 27:444-450. [PMID: 33241573 PMCID: PMC7839772 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A cyclic dinuclear ruthenium(bda) (bda: 2,2'-bipyridine-6,6'-dicarboxylate) complex equipped with oligo(ethylene glycol)-functionalized axial calix[4]arene ligands has been synthesized for homogenous catalytic water oxidation. This novel Ru(bda) macrocycle showed significantly increased catalytic activity in chemical and photocatalytic water oxidation compared to the archetype mononuclear reference [Ru(bda)(pic)2 ]. Kinetic investigations, including kinetic isotope effect studies, disclosed a unimolecular water nucleophilic attack mechanism of this novel dinuclear water oxidation catalyst (WOC) under the involvement of the second coordination sphere. Photocatalytic water oxidation with this cyclic dinuclear Ru complex using [Ru(bpy)3 ]Cl2 as a standard photosensitizer revealed a turnover frequency of 15.5 s-1 and a turnover number of 460. This so far highest photocatalytic performance reported for a Ru(bda) complex underlines the potential of this water-soluble WOC for artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Noll
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische ChemieUniversität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC)Universität WürzburgTheodor-Boveri-Weg97074WürzburgGermany
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18
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Johansson MP, Niederegger L, Rauhalahti M, Hess CR, Kaila VRI. Dispersion forces drive water oxidation in molecular ruthenium catalysts. RSC Adv 2020; 11:425-432. [PMID: 35423068 PMCID: PMC8691110 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09004b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rational design of artificial water-splitting catalysts is central for developing new sustainable energy technology. However, the catalytic efficiency of the natural light-driven water-splitting enzyme, photosystem II, has been remarkably difficult to achieve artificially. Here we study the molecular mechanism of ruthenium-based molecular catalysts by integrating quantum chemical calculations with inorganic synthesis and functional studies. By employing correlated ab initio calculations, we show that the thermodynamic driving force for the catalysis is obtained by modulation of π-stacking dispersion interactions within the catalytically active dimer core, supporting recently suggested mechanistic principles of Ru-based water-splitting catalysts. The dioxygen bond forms in a semi-concerted radical coupling mechanism, similar to the suggested water-splitting mechanism in photosystem II. By rationally tuning the dispersion effects, we design a new catalyst with a low activation barrier for the water-splitting. The catalytic principles are probed by synthesis, structural, and electrochemical characterization of the new catalyst, supporting enhanced water-splitting activity under the examined conditions. Our combined findings show that modulation of dispersive interactions provides a rational catalyst design principle for controlling challenging chemistries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael P Johansson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 55 FI-00014 Helsinki Finland.,Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM) Lichtenbergstraße 4 Garching D-85747 Germany .,Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (Helsus) FI-00014 Helsinki Finland.,CSC-IT Center for Science P.O. Box 405 FI-02101 Espoo Finland
| | - Lukas Niederegger
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM) Lichtenbergstraße 4 Garching D-85747 Germany
| | - Markus Rauhalahti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 55 FI-00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Corinna R Hess
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM) Lichtenbergstraße 4 Garching D-85747 Germany
| | - Ville R I Kaila
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM) Lichtenbergstraße 4 Garching D-85747 Germany .,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden
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19
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Luque-Urrutia JA, Solà M, Poater A. The influence of the pH on the reaction mechanism of water oxidation by a Ru(bda) catalyst. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Keijer T, Bouwens T, Hessels J, Reek JNH. Supramolecular strategies in artificial photosynthesis. Chem Sci 2020; 12:50-70. [PMID: 34168739 PMCID: PMC8179670 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03715j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial photosynthesis is a major scientific endeavor aimed at converting solar power into a chemical fuel as a viable approach to sustainable energy production and storage. Photosynthesis requires three fundamental actions performed in order; light harvesting, charge-separation and redox catalysis. These actions span different timescales and require the integration of functional architectures developed in different fields of study. The development of artificial photosynthetic devices is therefore inherently complex and requires an interdisciplinary approach. Supramolecular chemistry has evolved to a mature scientific field in which programmed molecular components form larger functional structures by self-assembly processes. Supramolecular chemistry could provide important tools in preparing, integrating and optimizing artificial photosynthetic devices as it allows precise control over molecular components within such a device. This is illustrated in this perspective by discussing state-of-the-art devices and the current limiting factors - such as recombination and low stability of reactive intermediates - and providing exemplary supramolecular approaches to alleviate some of those problems. Inspiring supramolecular solutions such as those discussed herein will incite expansion of the supramolecular toolbox, which eventually may be needed for the development of applied artificial photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Keijer
- Homogeneous Supramolecular and Bio-inspired Catalysis, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam (UvA) Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Tessel Bouwens
- Homogeneous Supramolecular and Bio-inspired Catalysis, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam (UvA) Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Joeri Hessels
- Homogeneous Supramolecular and Bio-inspired Catalysis, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam (UvA) Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Joost N H Reek
- Homogeneous Supramolecular and Bio-inspired Catalysis, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam (UvA) Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
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21
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Hoque MA, Gil-Sepulcre M, Benet-Buchholz J, Llobet A, Gimbert-Suriñach C. Synthesis, Electrochemical Characterization, and Water Oxidation Chemistry of Ru Complexes Containing the 2,6-Pyridinedicarboxylato Ligand. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:11432-11441. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Asmaul Hoque
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Química, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Gimbert-Suriñach
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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22
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Meza-Chincha AL, Lindner JO, Schindler D, Schmidt D, Krause AM, Röhr MIS, Mitrić R, Würthner F. Impact of substituents on molecular properties and catalytic activities of trinuclear Ru macrocycles in water oxidation. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7654-7664. [PMID: 34094143 PMCID: PMC8159484 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01097a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report a broad series of new trinuclear supramolecular Ru(bda) macrocycles bearing different substituents at the axial or equatorial ligands which enabled investigation of substituent effects on the catalytic activities in chemical and photocatalytic water oxidation. Our detailed investigations revealed that the activities of these functionalized macrocycles in water oxidation are significantly affected by the position at which the substituents were introduced. Interestingly, this effect could not be explained based on the redox properties of the catalysts since these are not markedly influenced by the functionalization of the ligands. Instead, detailed investigations by X-ray crystal structure analysis and theoretical simulations showed that conformational changes imparted by the substituents are responsible for the variation of catalytic activities of the Ru macrocycles. For the first time, macrocyclic structure of this class of water oxidation catalysts is unequivocally confirmed and experimental indication for a hydrogen-bonded water network present in the cavity of the macrocycles is provided by crystal structure analysis. We ascribe the high catalytic efficiency of our Ru(bda) macrocycles to cooperative proton abstractions facilitated by such a network of preorganized water molecules in their cavity, which is reminiscent of catalytic activities of enzymes at active sites. Conformational changes induced by ligand substituents in macrocyclic Ru complexes strongly affect their chemical and photocatalytic efficiencies in water oxidation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joachim O Lindner
- Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Dorothee Schindler
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - David Schmidt
- Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Ana-Maria Krause
- Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Merle I S Röhr
- Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany.,Universität Würzburg, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Emil-Fischer-Str. 42 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Roland Mitrić
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie Emil-Fischer-Str. 42 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany .,Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC) Theodor-Boveri-Weg 97074 Würzburg Germany
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23
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Ghaderian A, Holub J, Benet-Buchholz J, Llobet A, Gimbert-Suriñach C. A Ru-bda Complex with a Dangling Carboxylate Group: Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:4443-4452. [PMID: 32155060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium complexes containing the tetradentate 2,2'-bipyridine-6,6'-dicarboxylato (bda2-) equatorial ligand and ortho-subsituted pyridines in the axial position have been prepared and characterized using spectroscopic, crystallographic and electrochemical techniques. Complexes [Ru(Hbda)(DMSO)(pyC)] (1) and [Ru(bda)(DMSO)(pyA)] (2) (where pyC is 2-pyridinecarboxylate, pyA is pyridine-2-ylmethanol and DMSO is dimethyl sulfoxide) have been isolated in moderate to high yields. The solid state structures of (1-H)- and 2 reveal the strong chelate effect of the axial pyridine ligand that coordinates in a bidentate fashion leaving the bda2- equatorial ligand coordinating in a tridentate mode. In solution, compound 2 shows a dynamic equilibrium between different coordination modes of the bda2- and pyA ligands. This phenomenon does not occur for 1 because the carboxylate binds stronger than the labile alcohol in 2. Cyclic voltammetry analysis of 1 reveals a complex behavior with a pH-independent wave at E1/2 = 1.12 V that is tentatively associated with the two-electron RuIV/II couple. In sharp contrast, complex 2 shows a pH-dependent one-electron wave at E1/2 = 0.83 V (pH 1), assigned to the proton-coupled electron transfer process of the RuIII/II couple and a pH-independent wave at E1/2 = 1.06 V assigned to the RuIV/III couple. Compound 2 is used to prepare complex [Ru(bda)(pic)(pyA)] (4). This complex is air sensitive and converts to complex [Ru(bda)(pic)(pyE)] (5) (where pyE is methyl 2-pyridine carboxylate) in the presence of methanol. This oxidation also occurs by applying a positive potential to an aqueous solution of 4, producing the derivative [Ru(bda)(pic)(pyC)] (3). Cyclic voltammetry of 3 shows two pH-independent one-electron oxidation waves at E1/2 = 0.64 V and E1/2 = 1.0 V, corresponding to the RuIII/II and RuIV/III couples, respectively. In addition, a water oxidation catalytic wave appears at Eonset ≈ 1.4 V. Foot-of-the-wave analysis of this catalytic wave based on a water nucleophilic attack accounts for a TOFmax = 0.63-0.74 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Ghaderian
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, C/Marcel·lí Domingo, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jan Holub
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Departament de Química, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Gimbert-Suriñach
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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24
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Vereshchuk N, Matheu R, Benet-Buchholz J, Pipelier M, Lebreton J, Dubreuil D, Tessier A, Gimbert-Suriñach C, Ertem MZ, Llobet A. Second Coordination Sphere Effects in an Evolved Ru Complex Based on Highly Adaptable Ligand Results in Rapid Water Oxidation Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:5068-5077. [PMID: 32045521 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A new Ru complex containing the deprotonated 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine-6,6''-diphosphonic acid (H4tPa) and pyridine (py) of general formula [RuII(H3tPa-κ-N3O)(py)2]+, 2+, has been prepared and thoroughly characterized by means of spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques, X-ray diffraction analysis, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Complex 2+ presents a dynamic behavior in the solution that involves the synchronous coordination and the decoordination of the dangling phosphonic groups of the tPa4- ligand. However, at oxidation state IV, complex 2+ becomes seven coordinated with the two phosphonic groups now bonded to the metal center. Further, at this oxidation state at neutral and basic pH, the Ru complex undergoes the coordination of an exogenous OH- group from the solvent that leads to an intramolecular aromatic O atom insertion into the CH bond of one of the pyridyl groups, forming the corresponding phenoxo-phosphonate Ru complex [RuIII(tPaO-κ-N2OPOC)(py)2]2-, 42-, where tPaO5- is the 3-(hydroxo-[2,2':6',2''-terpyridine]-6,6''-diyl)bis(phosphonate) ligand. This new in situ generated Ru complex, 42-, has been isolated and spectroscopically and electrochemically characterized. In addition, a crystal structure has been also obtained using single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Complex 42- turns out to be an exceptional water oxidation catalyst achieving record maximum turnover frequencies (TOFmax) on the order of 16 000 s-1. A mechanistic analysis complemented with DFT calculations has also been carried out, showing the critical role of intramolecular second coordination sphere effects exerted by the phosphonate groups in lowering the activation energy at the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia Vereshchuk
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Roc Matheu
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Muriel Pipelier
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Jacques Lebreton
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Didier Dubreuil
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Arnaud Tessier
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, Faculté des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Carolina Gimbert-Suriñach
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mehmed Z Ertem
- Chemistry Division, Energy & Photon Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avda. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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25
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Luque-Urrutia JA, Kamdar JM, Grotjahn DB, Solà M, Poater A. Understanding the performance of a bisphosphonate Ru water oxidation catalyst. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14052-14060. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02253e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) are a key part of generating H2 from water and sunlight, consequently, it is a promising process for the production of clean energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús A. Luque-Urrutia
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- 17003 Girona
- Spain
| | - Jayneil M. Kamdar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- San Diego State University
- San Diego
- USA
| | - Douglas B. Grotjahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- San Diego State University
- San Diego
- USA
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- 17003 Girona
- Spain
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química
- Universitat de Girona
- 17003 Girona
- Spain
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26
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Li G, Zhu D, Wang X, Su Z, Bryce MR. Dinuclear metal complexes: multifunctional properties and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:765-838. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00660a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dinuclear metal complexes have enabled breakthroughs in OLEDs, photocatalytic water splitting and CO2reduction, DSPEC, chemosensors, biosensors, PDT and smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfu Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Dongxia Zhu
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Xinlong Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Zhongmin Su
- Department of Chemistry
- Northeast Normal University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering
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27
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Sarvi B, Hosseini SM, Deljoo B, El-Sawy A, Shirazi Amin A, Aindow M, Suib SL, Najafpour MM. New findings and current controversies in the reaction of ruthenium red and ammonium cerium( iv) nitrate: focus on the precipitated compound. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy02499a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
During water-oxidation reaction in the presence of RuR and CAN, a heterogeneous nano-sized Ru-Ce compound is detected, which is formed by the interaction of [(NH3)5RuORu(NH3)4ORu(NH3)5],6+/7+ nitrate ions, and the products of the reduction of CAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Sarvi
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Science (IASBS)
- Zanjan
- Iran
| | | | - Bahareh Deljoo
- Institute of Materials Science
- University of Connecticut
- Storrs
- USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | | | | | - Mark Aindow
- Institute of Materials Science
- University of Connecticut
- Storrs
- USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Steven L. Suib
- Institute of Materials Science
- University of Connecticut
- Storrs
- USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Najafpour
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Science (IASBS)
- Zanjan
- Iran
- Center of Climate Change and Global Warming
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28
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Corbucci I, Zaccaria F, Heath R, Gatto G, Zuccaccia C, Albrecht M, Macchioni A. Iridium Water Oxidation Catalysts Based on Pyridine‐Carbene Alkyl‐Substituted Ligands. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Corbucci
- Department of Chemistry Biology and BiotechnologyUniversità di Perugia and CIRCC Perugia I-06123 Italy
| | - Francesco Zaccaria
- Department of Chemistry Biology and BiotechnologyUniversità di Perugia and CIRCC Perugia I-06123 Italy
| | - Rachel Heath
- Department für Chemie und BiochemieUniversität Bern Bern CH-3012 Switzerland
| | - Giordano Gatto
- Department of Chemistry Biology and BiotechnologyUniversità di Perugia and CIRCC Perugia I-06123 Italy
| | - Cristiano Zuccaccia
- Department of Chemistry Biology and BiotechnologyUniversità di Perugia and CIRCC Perugia I-06123 Italy
| | - Martin Albrecht
- Department für Chemie und BiochemieUniversität Bern Bern CH-3012 Switzerland
| | - Alceo Macchioni
- Department of Chemistry Biology and BiotechnologyUniversità di Perugia and CIRCC Perugia I-06123 Italy
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29
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Nastasi F, Santoro A, Serroni S, Campagna S, Kaveevivitchai N, Thummel RP. Early photophysical events of a ruthenium(ii) molecular dyad capable of performing photochemical water oxidation and of its model compounds. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2164-2173. [PMID: 30793142 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00530c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The early photophysical events occurring in the dinuclear metal complex [(ttb-terpy)(I)Ru(μ-dntpz)Ru(bpy)2]3+ (2; ttb-terpy = 4,4',4''-tri-tert-butyl-terpy; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine; dntpz = 2,5-di-(1,8-dinaphthyrid-2-yl)pyrazine) - a species containing the chromophoric {(bpy)2Ru(μ-dntpz)}2+ subunit and the catalytic {(I)(ttb-terpy)Ru(μ-dntpz)}+ unit, already reported to be able to perform photocatalytic water oxidation - have been studied by ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy in acetonitrile solution. The model species [Ru(bpy)2(dntpz)]2+ (1), [(bpy)2Ru(μ-dntpz)Ru(bpy)2]4+ (3), and [(ttb-terpy)(I)Ru((μ-dntpz)Ru[(ttb-terpy)(I)]2+ (4) have also been studied. For completeness, the absorption spectra, redox behavior of 1-4 and the spectroelectrochemistry of the dinuclear species 2-4 have been investigated. The usual 3MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) decay, characterized by relatively long lifetimes on the ns timescale, takes place in 1 and 3, whose lowest-energy level involves a {(bpy)2Ru(dntpz)}2+ unit, whereas for 2 and 4, whose lowest-energy excited state involves a 3MLCT centered on the {(I)(ttb-terpy)Ru(μ-dntpz)}+ subunit, the excited-state lifetimes are on the ps timescale, possibly involving population of a low-lying 3MC (metal-centered) level. Compound 2 also exhibits a fast process, with a time constant of 170 fs, which is attributed to intercomponent energy transfer from the MLCT state centered in the {(bpy)2Ru(μ-dntpz)}2+ unit to the MLCT state involving the {(I)(ttb-terpy)Ru(μ-dntpz)}+ unit. Both the intercomponent energy transfer and the MLCT-to-MC activation process take place from non-equilibrated MLCT states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nastasi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, and Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SOLARCHEM, sezione di Messina), 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonio Santoro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, and Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SOLARCHEM, sezione di Messina), 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Scolastica Serroni
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, and Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SOLARCHEM, sezione di Messina), 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Campagna
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, and Centro Interuniversitario per la Conversione Chimica dell'Energia Solare (SOLARCHEM, sezione di Messina), 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Nattawut Kaveevivitchai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA
| | - Randolph P Thummel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 112 Fleming Building, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA
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31
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Zhang B, Sun L. Artificial photosynthesis: opportunities and challenges of molecular catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2216-2264. [PMID: 30895997 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00897c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular catalysis plays an essential role in both natural and artificial photosynthesis (AP). However, the field of molecular catalysis for AP has gradually declined in recent years because of doubt about the long-term stability of molecular-catalyst-based devices. This review summarizes the development history of molecular-catalyst-based AP, including the fundamentals of AP, molecular catalysts for water oxidation, proton reduction and CO2 reduction, and molecular-catalyst-based AP devices, and it provides an analysis of the advantages, challenges, and stability of molecular catalysts. With this review, we aim to highlight the following points: (i) an investigation on molecular catalysis is one of the most promising ways to obtain atom-efficient catalysts with outstanding intrinsic activities; (ii) effective heterogenization of molecular catalysts is currently the primary challenge for the application of molecular catalysis in AP devices; (iii) development of molecular catalysts is a promising way to solve the problems of catalysis involved in practical solar fuel production. In molecular-catalysis-based AP, much has been attained, but more challenges remain with regard to long-term stability and heterogenization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biaobiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
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32
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Zhang B, Sun L. Ru-bda: Unique Molecular Water-Oxidation Catalysts with Distortion Induced Open Site and Negatively Charged Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5565-5580. [PMID: 30889353 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A water-oxidation catalyst with high intrinsic activity is the foundation for developing any type of water-splitting device. To celebrate its 10 years anniversary, in this Perspective we focus on the state-of-the-art molecular water-oxidation catalysts (MWOCs), the Ru-bda series (bda = 2,2'-bipyridine-6,6'-dicarboxylate), to offer strategies for the design and synthesis of more advanced MWOCs. The O-O bond formation mechanisms, derivatives, applications, and reasons behind the outstanding catalytic activities of Ru-bda catalysts are summarized and discussed. The excellent performance of the Ru-bda catalyst is owing to its unique structural features: the distortion induced 7-coordination and the carboxylate ligands with coordination flexibility, proton-transfer function as well as small steric hindrance. Inspired by the Ru-bda catalysts, we emphasize that the introduction of negatively charged groups, such as the carboxylate group, into ligands is an effective strategy to lower the onset potential of MWOCs. Moreover, distortion of the regular configuration of a transition metal complex by ligand design to generate a wide open site as the catalytic site for binding the substrate as an extra-coordination is proposed as a new concept for the design of efficient molecular catalysts. These inspirations can be expected to play a great role in not only water-oxidation catalysis but also other small molecule activation and conversion reactions involving artificial photosynthesis, such as CO2 reduction and N2 fixation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biaobiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , 10044 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Licheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , 10044 Stockholm , Sweden.,State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, DUT-KTH Joint Education and Research Center on Molecular Devices, Dalian University of Technology (DUT) , 116024 Dalian , China
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Matheu R, Ertem MZ, Gimbert-Suriñach C, Sala X, Llobet A. Seven Coordinated Molecular Ruthenium–Water Oxidation Catalysts: A Coordination Chemistry Journey. Chem Rev 2019; 119:3453-3471. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roc Matheu
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mehmed Z. Ertem
- Chemistry Division, Energy & Photon Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Carolina Gimbert-Suriñach
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Xavier Sala
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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34
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Richmond CJ, Escayola S, Poater A. Axial Ligand Effects of Ru-BDA Complexes in the O-O Bond Formation via the I2M Bimolecular Mechanism in Water Oxidation Catalysis. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Craig J. Richmond
- Level 5; RMIT Europe Media-TIC Building; c/ Roc Boronat, 117 08018 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - Sílvia Escayola
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química; Universitat de Girona; c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química; Universitat de Girona; c/ Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69 17003 Girona Catalonia Spain
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35
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Yang J, An J, Tong L, Long B, Fan T, Duan L. Sulfur Coordination Effects on the Stability and Activity of a Ruthenium-Based Water Oxidation Catalyst. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:3137-3144. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Junxue An
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SE-75123, Sweden
| | - Lianpeng Tong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Baihua Long
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ting Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Lele Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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36
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Kamdar JM, Grotjahn DB. An Overview of Significant Achievements in Ruthenium-Based Molecular Water Oxidation Catalysis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030494. [PMID: 30704078 PMCID: PMC6385003 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) are becoming increasingly disfavored as long-term energy options due to concerns of scarcity and environmental consequences (e.g., release of anthropogenic CO2). Hydrogen gas, on the other hand, has gained popularity as a clean-burning fuel because the only byproduct from its reaction with O2 is H2O. In recent decades, hydrogen derived from water splitting has been a topic of extensive research. The bottleneck of the water splitting reaction is the difficult water oxidation step (2H2O → O2 + 4H+ + 4e−), which requires an effective and robust catalyst to overcome its high kinetic barrier. Research in water oxidation by molecular ruthenium catalysts enjoys a rich history spanning nearly 40 years. As the diversity of novel ligands continues to widen, the relationship between ligand geometry or electronics, and catalyst activity is undoubtedly becoming clearer. The present review highlights, in the authors’ opinion, some of the most impactful discoveries in the field and explores the evolution of ligand design that has led to the current state of the art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayneil M Kamdar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University; San Diego, CA 92182-1030, USA.
| | - Douglas B Grotjahn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University; San Diego, CA 92182-1030, USA.
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37
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Abstract
A novel method for the synthesis of the homogeneous homoleptic cationic tantalum(V)tetramethyl complex [(TaMe4)+ MeB(C6F5)3−] from neutral tantalumpentamethyl (TaMe5) has been described, by direct demethylation using B(C6F5)3 reagent. The aforesaid higher valent cationic tantalum complex was characterized precisely by liquid state 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and 1H-13C-NMR correlation spectroscopy.
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38
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Revisiting O–O Bond Formation through Outer‐Sphere Water Molecules versus Bimolecular Mechanisms in Water‐Oxidation Catalysis (WOC) by Cp*Ir Based Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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39
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Matheu R, Ghaderian A, Francàs L, Chernev P, Ertem MZ, Benet-Buchholz J, Batista VS, Haumann M, Gimbert-Suriñach C, Sala X, Llobet A. Behavior of Ru-bda Water-Oxidation Catalysts in Low Oxidation States. Chemistry 2018; 24:12838-12847. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roc Matheu
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Avinguda Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Abolfazl Ghaderian
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Avinguda Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Laia Francàs
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Avinguda Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Petko Chernev
- Institute for Experimental Physics; Free University Berlin; 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Mehmed Z. Ertem
- Chemistry Department; Brookhaven National Laboratory; Upton NY 11973 USA
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Avinguda Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Victor S. Batista
- Department of Chemistry; Yale University; P.O. Box 208107 New Haven CT 06520-8107 USA
| | - Michael Haumann
- Institute for Experimental Physics; Free University Berlin; 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Carolina Gimbert-Suriñach
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Avinguda Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Xavier Sala
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ); Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST); Avinguda Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Cerdanyola del Vallès 08193 Barcelona Spain
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40
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Zhan S, Zou R, Ahlquist MSG. Dynamics with Explicit Solvation Reveals Formation of the Prereactive Dimer as Sole Determining Factor for the Efficiency of Ru(bda)L2 Catalysts. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqi Zhan
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry & Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Rongfeng Zou
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry & Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Mårten S. G. Ahlquist
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry & Biology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
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41
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Poater J, Gimferrer M, Poater A. Covalent and Ionic Capacity of MOFs To Sorb Small Gas Molecules. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:6981-6990. [PMID: 29799198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the aim is to characterize how an Fe-based metal-organic framework (MOF) behaves when gases, like carbon dioxide, are inserted through their channels and to characterize the nature and strength of those interactions. Despite the computational nature of the project, it is based on the experimental results obtained in 2016 by Mı́nguez-Espallargas and co-workers ( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 15986 - 15989 ). Those MOFs were found to selectively allocate/adsorb CO2, having as a drawback that apparently each cavity allocates only one CO2 molecule. Despite truncating the MOF to its unitary cell, the whole cavity of the MOF can be described in detail by precise ab initio calculations. Another computational goal is to unravel why experimentally CO2 was preferred with respect to N2, and for the sake of consistency, a list of common gases will be further studied, such as H2, O2, H2O, CH4, C2H6, N2O, or NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Poater
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica & IQTCUB , Universitat de Barcelona , Martí i Franquès 1-11 , 08028 Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain.,ICREA , Pg. Lluís Companys 23 , 08010 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Martí Gimferrer
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química , Universitat de Girona , Campus Montilivi , 17003 Girona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química , Universitat de Girona , Campus Montilivi , 17003 Girona , Catalonia , Spain
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42
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Xie Y, Shaffer DW, Concepcion JJ. O–O Radical Coupling: From Detailed Mechanistic Understanding to Enhanced Water Oxidation Catalysis. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:10533-10542. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xie
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - David W. Shaffer
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Javier J. Concepcion
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
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43
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Gimferrer M, Minami Y, Noguchi Y, Hiyama T, Poater A. Monitoring of the Phosphine Role in the Mechanism of Palladium-Catalyzed Benzosilole Formation from Aryloxyethynyl Silanes. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martí Gimferrer
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Yasunori Minami
- Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, 1-13-27, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Yuta Noguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chuo University, 1-13-27, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Tamejiro Hiyama
- Research and Development Initiative, Chuo University, 1-13-27, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, 17003 Girona, Catalonia, Spain
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44
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Matheu R, Ertem MZ, Pipelier M, Lebreton J, Dubreuil D, Benet-Buchholz J, Sala X, Tessier A, Llobet A. The Role of Seven-Coordination in Ru-Catalyzed Water Oxidation. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roc Matheu
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mehmed Z. Ertem
- Chemistry Division, Energy & Photon Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Muriel Pipelier
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, Faculté
des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Jacques Lebreton
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, Faculté
des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Didier Dubreuil
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, Faculté
des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Xavier Sala
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola
del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arnaud Tessier
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, Faculté
des Sciences et des Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes, France
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Technology (BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola
del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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Scherrer D, Schilling M, Luber S, Fox T, Spingler B, Alberto R, Richmond CJ. Ruthenium water oxidation catalysts containing the non-planar tetradentate ligand, biisoquinoline dicarboxylic acid (biqaH 2). Dalton Trans 2018; 45:19361-19367. [PMID: 27878157 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03880h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Two ruthenium complexes containing the tetradentate ligand [1,1'-biisoquinoline]-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid, and 4-picoline or 6-bromoisoquinoline as axial ligands have been prepared. The complexes have been fully characterised and initial studies on their potential to function as molecular water oxidation catalysts have been performed. Both complexes catalyse the oxidation of water in acidic media with CeIV as a stoichiometric chemical oxidant, although turnover numbers and turnover frequencies are modest when compared with the closely related Ru-bda and Ru-pda analogues. Barriers for the water nucleophilic attack and intermolecular coupling pathways were obtained from density functional theory calculations and the crucial influence of the ligand framework in determining the most favourable reaction pathway was elucidated from a combined analysis of the theoretical and experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Scherrer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Mauro Schilling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sandra Luber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Fox
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Craig J Richmond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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46
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Gil-Sepulcre M, Böhler M, Schilling M, Bozoglian F, Bachmann C, Scherrer D, Fox T, Spingler B, Gimbert-Suriñach C, Alberto R, Bofill R, Sala X, Luber S, Richmond CJ, Llobet A. Ruthenium Water Oxidation Catalysts based on Pentapyridyl Ligands. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:4517-4525. [PMID: 29068156 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium complexes containing the pentapyridyl ligand 6,6''-(methoxy(pyridin-2-yl)methylene)di-2,2'-bipyridine (L-OMe) of general formula trans-[RuII (X)(L-OMe-κ-N5 )]n+ (X=Cl, n=1, trans-1+ ; X=H2 O, n=2, trans-22+ ) have been isolated and characterized in solution (by NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy) and in the solid state by XRD. Both complexes undergo a series of substitution reactions at oxidation state RuII and RuIII when dissolved in aqueous triflic acid-trifluoroethanol solutions as monitored by UV/Vis spectroscopy, and the corresponding rate constants were determined. In particular, aqueous solutions of the RuIII -Cl complex trans-[RuIII (Cl)(L-OMe-κ-N5 )]2+ (trans-12+ ) generates a family of Ru aquo complexes, namely trans-[RuIII (H2 O)(L-OMe-κ-N5 )]3+ (trans-23+ ), [RuIII (H2 O)2 (L-OMe-κ-N4 )]3+ (trans-33+ ), and [RuIII (Cl)(H2 O)(L-OMe-κ-N4 )]2+ (trans-42+ ). Although complex trans-42+ is a powerful water oxidation catalyst, complex trans-23+ has only a moderate activity and trans-33+ shows no activity. A parallel study with related complexes containing the methyl-substituted ligand 6,6''-(1-pyridin-2-yl)ethane-1,1-diyl)di-2,2'-bipyridine (L-Me) was carried out. The behavior of all of these catalysts has been rationalized based on substitution kinetics, oxygen evolution kinetics, electrochemical properties, and density functional theory calculations. The best catalyst, trans-42+ , reaches turnover frequencies of 0.71 s-1 using CeIV as a sacrificial oxidant, with oxidative efficiencies above 95 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Gil-Sepulcre
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, ICIQ, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Böhler
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Schilling
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Bozoglian
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, ICIQ, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Cyril Bachmann
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik Scherrer
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Fox
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Spingler
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Bofill
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Sala
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sandra Luber
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Craig J Richmond
- Department of Chemistry B/C, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia, ICIQ, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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47
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Matheu R, Benet-Buchholz J, Sala X, Llobet A. Synthesis, Structure, and Redox Properties of a trans-Diaqua Ru Complex That Reaches Seven-Coordination at High Oxidation States. Inorg Chem 2017; 57:1757-1765. [PMID: 29091417 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this work we have prepared and characterized two Ru complexes that contain the pentadenatate tda2- ligand (tda2- = [2,2':6',2″-terpyridine]-6,6″-dicarboxylate) that occupies the equatorial positions and two monodentate ligands aqua and/or dmso that occupy the axial positons: [trans-RuIII(tda-κ-N3O)(OH2ax)2]+, 3III(OH2)2+, and [RuII(tda-κ-N3O)(dmso)(OH2ax)], 4II. The latter is a useful synthetic intermediate for the preparation of Ru-tda complexes with different axial ligands. The two complexes have been characterized in the solid state by single-crystal XRD and by elemental analysis. In solution, complex 4II has been characterized by NMR spectroscopy as well as the one-electron reduction of complex 3III(OH2)2+. The electrochemical properties of 3III(OH2)2+ and 4II have been assessed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Complex 3III(OH2)2+ shows the presence of four redox waves that are assigned to the VI/V, V/IV, IV/III, and III/II redox couples. The variation of the redox potentials is analyzed as a function of pH and is graphically presented as a Pourbaix diagram. Finally, the redox potentials displayed by both 3III(OH2)2+ and 4II are compared to related complexes previously reported in the literature and rationalized on the basis of the electron donating or withdrawing capacity of the auxiliary ligands as well as with regard to their ability to undergo seven-coordination at high oxidation states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roc Matheu
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Xavier Sala
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona , Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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48
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Matheu R, Ertem MZ, Gimbert-Suriñach C, Benet-Buchholz J, Sala X, Llobet A. Hydrogen Bonding Rescues Overpotential in Seven-Coordinated Ru Water Oxidation Catalysts. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b01860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roc Matheu
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mehmed Z. Ertem
- Chemistry Division, Energy & Photon Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - Carolina Gimbert-Suriñach
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Xavier Sala
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Llobet
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament
de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
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49
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Wrzolek P, Wahl S, Schwalbe M. Electrocatalytic investigation on the water oxidation ability of a hangman complex based on the [Ru(tpy)(bpy)(OH 2 )] 2+ motif. Catal Today 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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50
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Shaffer DW, Xie Y, Concepcion JJ. O–O bond formation in ruthenium-catalyzed water oxidation: single-site nucleophilic attack vs. O–O radical coupling. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:6170-6193. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00542c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A review of water oxidation by ruthenium-based molecular catalysts, with emphasis on the mechanism of O–O bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Xie
- Chemistry Division
- Brookhaven National Laboratory
- Upton
- USA
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