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Porolnik W, Koczorowski T, Wieczorek-Szweda E, Szczolko W, Falkowski M, Piskorz J. Microwave-assisted synthesis, photochemical and electrochemical studies of long-wavelength BODIPY dyes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 314:124188. [PMID: 38554692 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Novel BODIPY derivatives possessing different styryl substituents were synthesized using different methods of Knoevenagel-type condensation with conventional heating and microwave radiation in two conditions. Microwave-assisted synthesis significantly reduces reaction time while enhancing its efficiency. The introduction of styryl substituents at the 3 and 5 positions of the BODIPY core resulted in a substantial bathochromic shift, which was affected by the substituents within styryl groups. Depending on the solvents, the BODIPY with unsubstituted styryl groups possesses absorption maxima (λAbs) between 616 and 626 nm. While the analogs containing electron-donating methoxy and methylthio groups exhibited bathochromically shifted bands with λAbs values in the 633-654 nm range. Fluorescence studies revealed intensive emission of tested BODIPYs with fluorescence quantum yields at the 0.41-0.83 range. On the other hand, singlet oxygen quantum yields were very low. In the electrochemical studies, the CV and DPV scans showed the presence of three redox processes. The calculated electrochemical gaps were in the range of 1.71-1.87 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Porolnik
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Koczorowski
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ewelina Wieczorek-Szweda
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Szczolko
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michal Falkowski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Dr. A. Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Piskorz
- Chair and Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland.
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2
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Hu M, Dong X, Zhao W. Lysosome-targeted Aza-BODIPY photosensitizers for anti-cancer photodynamic therapy. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 99:117583. [PMID: 38198943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Developing effective near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizers (PSs) has been an attractive goal of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer treatment. In this study, we synthesized N, N-diethylaminomethylphenyl-containing Aza-BODIPY photosensitizers and comprehensively investigated their photophysical/photochemical properties, as well as cell-based and animal-based anti-tumor studies. Among them, BDP 1 has strong NIR absorption at 680 nm and higher singlet oxygen yield in PBS which showed favorable pH-activatable and lysosome-targeting ability. BDP 1 could be easily taken up by tumor cells and showed negligible dark activity (IC50 > 50 μM), however strong phototoxicity upon exposure to light irradiation. The acceptable fluorescence emission from BDP 1 allowed convenient in vivo fluorescence imaging for organ distribution studies in mice. After PDT treatment with upon single time PDT treatment at the beginning using relatively low light dose (54 J/ cm2), BDP 1 (2 mg/kg, 0.1 mL) was found to have strong efficacy to inhibit tumor growth and even to ablate off tumor without causing body weight loss. Therefore, pH-activatable and lysosome-targeted PS may become an effective way to develop potent PDT agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Xiaochun Dong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Weili Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, PR China.
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3
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Liu X, Yu S, Zhang Y. pH-Sensitive and Lysosome Targetable Photosensitizers Based on BODIPYs. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-023-03562-z. [PMID: 38170426 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03562-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective and U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved treatment for cancer and other diseases. Photosensitizer is one of the three key components that harvest the energy of light at a certain wavelength. Compared to the conventional fluorophores used as photosensitizers, boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives have grown fast in recent years due to their low dark toxicity, versatile tunable sites, and easiness of being paired with other treatments. In this paper, two pH-sensitive BODIPY-based photosensitizers (BDC and BDBrC) were synthesized by adding carbazole moieties onto the BODIPY cores (BD and BDBr) through condensation reactions. BDBrC has two Br atoms at the BODIPY core that promote singlet oxygen generation and further red-shift the absorption maximum peak. Both compounds showed sensitivity toward pH change and generated more singlet oxygen under acidic conditions. The cellular uptake and cell imaging experiments showed that BDBrC can selectively target the lysosome organelle. The further dark cell viability and light cytotoxicity indicate the light triggered PDT treatment can be accomplished with BDBrC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangshan Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd, University Heights, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Shupei Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd, University Heights, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, College of Science and Liberal Arts, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 323 Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd, University Heights, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
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Li Y, Liu SB, Ni W, Gurzadyan GG, Wu Y, Wang J, Kuang GC, Jiang W. Near-Infrared BODIPY Photosensitizer for Modulating Mitochondrial Fusion Proteins and Inhibiting Choroidal Neovascularization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:48027-48037. [PMID: 37812497 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Photosensitizers have emerged as cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) activators in photodynamic therapy (PDT), which induced cell apoptosis. As the major contributors to ROS and oxidative stress, mitochondria play an important role in cell apoptosis. Although there are many reports about near-infrared 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) as photosensitizers (PSs) for PDT, this kind of PS has rarely been used for treating mitochondrial function and choroidal neovascularization application at the same time. Herein, a novel near-infrared PS (BDP2) characterized by good water solubility, long wavelength excitation, and high ROS quantum yield has been made. Under near-infrared light irradiation, BDP2 would generate ROS with high yield, induce a mitochondrial morphology change, and trigger cell apoptosis by changing the fusion protein level. Deep investigation revealed that BDP2 can cause oxidative stress, break the balance between fusion and fission of mitochondrial dynamics protein through decreasing fusion protein MFN2 and OPA1 expression, and finally cause cell apoptosis. Due to these characteristics, the BDP2 PS was used to treat choroidal neovascularization in animal models and can inhibit neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha 410011, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Lushan South Road 932, Yuelu District, Changsha 410083, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Ni
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, The People's Republic of China
| | - Gagik G Gurzadyan
- Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning, The People's Republic of China
| | - Yongquan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organo-pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, The People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha 410011, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Gui-Chao Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Lushan South Road 932, Yuelu District, Changsha 410083, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
| | - Wenmin Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha 410011, Hunan, The People's Republic of China
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5
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Mahanta CS, Ravichandiran V, Swain SP. Recent Developments in the Design of New Water-Soluble Boron Dipyrromethenes and Their Applications: An Updated Review. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:2995-3018. [PMID: 37462316 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) and its derivatives play an important role in the area of organic fluorophore chemistry. Recently, the water-soluble boron-dipyrromethene dyes have increasingly received interest. The structural modification of the BODIPY core by incorporating different neutral and ionic hydrophilic groups makes it water-soluble. The important hydrophilic groups, such as quaternary ammonium, sulfonate, oligoethylene glycol, dicarboxylic acid, and sugar moieties significantly increase the solubility of these dyes in water while preserving their photophysical properties. As a result, these fluorescent dyes are utilized in aqueous systems for applications such as chemosensors, cell imaging, anticancer, biolabeling, biomedicine, metal ion detection, and photodynamic treatment. This review covers the most current developments in the design and synthesis of water-soluble BODIPY derivatives and their wide applications since 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Sekhara Mahanta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Centre for Marine Therapeutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Kolkata, 168, Chunilal Bhawan, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Velayutham Ravichandiran
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Centre for Marine Therapeutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Kolkata, 168, Chunilal Bhawan, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Sharada Prasanna Swain
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Centre for Marine Therapeutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Kolkata, 168, Chunilal Bhawan, Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata 700054, India
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Yuan Y, Diao S, Zhang D, Yi W, Qi B, Hu X, Xie C, Fan Q, Yu A. A targeted activatable NIR-II nanoprobe for positive visualization of anastomotic thrombosis and sensitive identification of fresh fibrinolytic thrombus. Mater Today Bio 2023; 21:100697. [PMID: 37346779 PMCID: PMC10279546 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Anastomotic thrombosis prevalently causes anastomosis failure, accompanied with ischemia and necrosis, the early diagnosis of which is restricted by inherent shortcomings of traditional imaging techniques in clinic and lack of appropriate prodromal biomarkers for thrombosis initiation. Herein, a fresh thrombus-specific molecular event, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is innovatively chosen as the activating factor, and a thrombosis targeting and PDI-responsive turn-on near infrared II (NIR-II) fluorescence nanoprobe is firstly developed. The supramolecular complex-based nanoprobe IR806-PDA@BSA-CREKA is fabricated by assembling NIR-II emitting cyanine derivative IR806-PDA with bovine serum albumin (BSA), which could ameliorate the stability and pharmacokinetics of the nanoprobe, addressing the contradiction in the balance of brightness and biocompatibility. The NIR-II-off nanoprobe exhibits robust turn-on NIR-II fluorescence upon PDI-specific activation, in vitro and in vivo. Of note, the constructed nanoprobe demonstrates superior photophysical stability, efficient fibrin targeting peptide-derived thrombosis binding and a maximum signal-to-background ratio (SBR) of 9.30 for anastomotic thrombosis in NIR-II fluorescent imaging. In conclusion, the exploited strategy enables positive visualized diagnosis for anastomotic thrombosis and dynamic monitoring for thrombolysis of fresh fibrinolytic thrombus, potentially contributes a novel strategy for guiding the therapeutic selection between thrombolysis and thrombectomy for thrombosis treatment in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shanchao Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, and Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Wanrong Yi
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Baiwen Qi
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Chen Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, and Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Quli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, and Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Aixi Yu
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Microsurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
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7
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Fu D, Wang Y, Lin K, Huang L, Xu J, Wu H. Engineering of a GSH activatable photosensitizer for enhanced photodynamic therapy through disrupting redox homeostasis. RSC Adv 2023; 13:22367-22374. [PMID: 37497090 PMCID: PMC10366568 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04074g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although disrupted redox homeostasis has emerged as a promising approach for tumor therapy, most existing photosensitizers are not able to simultaneously improve the reactive oxygen species level and reduce the glutathione (GSH) level. Therefore, designing photosensitizers that can achieve these two aspects of this goal is still urgent and challenging. In this work, an organic activatable near-infrared (NIR) photosensitizer, CyI-S-diCF3, is developed for GSH depletion-assisted enhanced photodynamic therapy. CyI-S-diCF3, composed of an iodinated heptamethine cyanine skeleton linked with a recognition unit of 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzenethiol, can specifically react with GSH by nucleophilic substitution, resulting in intracellular GSH depletion and redox imbalance. Moreover, the activated photosensitizer can produce abundant singlet oxygen (1O2) under NIR light irradiation, further heightening the cellular oxidative stress. By this unique nature, CyI-S-diCF3 exhibits excellent toxicity to cancer cells, followed by inducing earlier apoptosis. Thus, our study may propose a new strategy to design an activatable photosensitizer for breaking the redox homeostasis in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Datian Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center Haikou Hainan 570100 China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center Haikou Hainan 570100 China
| | - Kaiwen Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center Haikou Hainan 570100 China
| | - Liangjiu Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hainan Cancer Hospital Haikou Hainan 570100 China
| | - Jin Xu
- Pharmaceutical and Bioengineering School, Hunan Chemical Vocational Technology College Zhuzhou 412006 China
| | - Haimei Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hainan Cancer Hospital Haikou Hainan 570100 China
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8
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Lu Z, Xu G, Yang X, Liu S, Sun Y, Chen L, Liu Q, Liu J. Dual-Activated Nano-Prodrug for Chemo-Photodynamic Combination Therapy of Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415656. [PMID: 36555298 PMCID: PMC9779597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we developed a dual-activated prodrug, BTC, that contains three functional components: a glutathione (GSH)-responsive BODIPY-based photosensitizer with a photoinduced electron transfer (PET) effect between BODIPY and the 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonate (DNBS) group, and an ROS-responsive thioketal linker connecting BODIPY and the chemotherapeutic agent camptothecin (CPT). Interestingly, CPT displayed low toxicity because the active site of CPT was modified by the BODIPY-based macrocycle. Additionally, BTC was encapsulated with the amphiphilic polymer DSPE-mPEG2000 to improve drug solubility and tumor selectivity. The resulting nano-prodrug passively targeted tumor cells through enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effects, and then the photosensitizing ability of the BODIPY dye was restored by removing the DNBS group with the high concentration of GSH in tumor cells. Light-triggered ROS from activated BODIPY can not only induce apoptosis or necrosis of tumor cells but also sever the thioketal linker to release CPT, achieving the combination treatment of selective photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy. The antitumor activity of the prodrug has been demonstrated in mouse mammary carcinoma 4T1 and human breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines and 4T1 tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyao Lu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Gan Xu
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xiaozhen Yang
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
- Department of Gynecology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
| | - Li Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Instrument and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Qinying Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Biotherapy, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350014, China
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Jianyong Liu
- National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery, Fujian Province University, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (J.L.)
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9
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Malacarne MC, Gariboldi MB, Caruso E. BODIPYs in PDT: A Journey through the Most Interesting Molecules Produced in the Last 10 Years. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710198. [PMID: 36077597 PMCID: PMC9456687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 30 years, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown great development. In the clinical setting the few approved molecules belong almost exclusively to the porphyrin family; but in the scientific field, in recent years many researchers have been interested in other families of photosensitizers, among which BODIPY has shown particular interest. BODIPY is the acronym for 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a, 4a-diaza-s-indacene, and is a family of molecules well-known for their properties in the field of imaging. In order for these molecules to be used in PDT, a structural modification is necessary which involves the introduction of heavy atoms, such as bromine and iodine, in the beta positions of the pyrrole ring; this change favors the intersystem crossing, and increases the 1O2 yield. This mini review focused on a series of structural changes made to BODIPYs to further increase 1O2 production and bioavailability by improving cell targeting or photoactivity efficiency.
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10
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Rahmani S, Li M, Karimi Z, Zhao X. Novel modified BODIPY−C60 as photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Verirsen I, Uyar B, Ozsamur NG, Demirok N, Erbas-Cakmak S. Enzyme activatable photodynamic therapy agents targeting melanoma. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8864-8868. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01937j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A tyrosinase activatable photosensitizer is developed with selective phototoxicity to melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Verirsen
- Konya Food and Agriculture University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biotechnology, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Busra Uyar
- Konya Food and Agriculture University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biotechnology, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nezahat Gokce Ozsamur
- Konya Food and Agriculture University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biotechnology, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Naime Demirok
- Konya Food and Agriculture University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biotechnology, 42080, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sundus Erbas-Cakmak
- Konya Food and Agriculture University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biotechnology, 42080, Konya, Turkey
- Research and Development Center for Diagnostic Kits (KIT-ARGEM), Konya Food and Agriculture University, 42080, Konya, Turkey
- Konya Food and Agriculture University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 42080, Konya, Turkey
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12
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Guo H, Liu L, Hu Q, Dou H. Monodisperse ZIF-8@dextran nanoparticles co-loaded with hydrophilic and hydrophobic functional cargos for combined near-infrared fluorescence imaging and photothermal therapy. Acta Biomater 2022; 137:290-304. [PMID: 34637934 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Impressive developments have been achieved with the use of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) as nanocarriers for tumor theranostics in recent decades by incorporating imaging agents and therapeutic drugs within ZIF-8. However, the simultaneous immobilization of hydrophilic and hydrophobic functional molecules into ZIF-8 nanoparticles in water or organic solvents still presents a daunting challenge. Herein, we developed a new synthesis/encapsulation two-in-one (denoted as one-pot) approach to synthesize uniform dextran-modified Cy5.5&ICG@ZIF-8-Dex nanoparticles in DMSO/H2O solvent mixtures, which enabled the simultaneous encapsulation of hydrophilic indocyanine green (ICG) and hydrophobic cyanine-5.5 (Cy5.5) during the same step. It was confirmed that the one-pot approach in this mixed solvents facilitated the loading of ICG and Cy5.5 molecules. Moreover, the encapsulation of Cy5.5 and ICG within ZIF-8 nanoparticles endowed them with fluorescence imaging capability and photothermal conversion capacity, respectively. The in vivo near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent images of A549-bearing mice injected with Cy5.5&ICG@ZIF-8-Dex demonstrated sufficient accumulations of Cy5.5 at tumor sites due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Most impressively, the fluorescent intensity of Cy5.5&ICG@ZIF-8-Dex at tumor site was approximately 40-fold higher than that of free Cy5.5. Additionally, the results of in vivo infrared imaging and photothermal therapy of Cy5.5&ICG@ZIF-8-Dex showed enhanced therapeutic efficiency in comparison with free ICG, further confirming its tumor-targeting capability and photothermal capacity. Therefore, this multifunctional system based on ZIF-8 nanocarriers offered a potential nanoplatform for tumor-targeting theranostics, thus broadening the synthesis and applications of ZIF-8 composite nanoparticles for NIR fluorescence imaging and photothermal therapy in the biomedical field. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Simultaneous immobilization of hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules into ZIF-8 nanoparticles still remains a daunting challenge. Therefore, we have developed a new synthesis/encapsulation two-in-one approach to synthesize uniform Cy5.5&ICG@ZIF-8-Dex composite nanoparticles in DMSO/H2O solvent mixtures, which enabled the simultaneous encapsulation of hydrophilic indocyanine green (ICG) and hydrophobic cyanine-5.5 (Cy5.5) functional molecules during a single step. The results showed that the co-loading of Cy5.5 and ICG within the ZIF-8 nanoparticles endowed them with a remarkable fluorescence imaging capability and photothermal conversion capacity. Based on their enhanced convenience and efficacy to simultaneously encapsulate hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules, the multifunctional nanocarriers that were prepared in the DMSO/H2O mixed solvents provide a potential nanoplatform toward fluorescence imaging and photothermal therapy for tumor theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heze Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Lingshan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Qiangqiang Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Hongjing Dou
- The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
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13
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Pham TC, Nguyen VN, Choi Y, Lee S, Yoon J. Recent Strategies to Develop Innovative Photosensitizers for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13454-13619. [PMID: 34582186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 532] [Impact Index Per Article: 177.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review presents a robust strategy to design photosensitizers (PSs) for various species. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemical-based treatment approach that involves the use of light combined with a light-activated chemical, referred to as a PS. Attractively, PDT is one of the alternatives to conventional cancer treatment due to its noninvasive nature, high cure rates, and low side effects. PSs play an important factor in photoinduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Although the concept of photosensitizer-based photodynamic therapy has been widely adopted for clinical trials and bioimaging, until now, to our surprise, there has been no relevant review article on rational designs of organic PSs for PDT. Furthermore, most of published review articles in PDT focused on nanomaterials and nanotechnology based on traditional PSs. Therefore, this review aimed at reporting recent strategies to develop innovative organic photosensitizers for enhanced photodynamic therapy, with each example described in detail instead of providing only a general overview, as is typically done in previous reviews of PDT, to provide intuitive, vivid, and specific insights to the readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Chung Pham
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Van-Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yeonghwan Choi
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Songyi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.,Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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14
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Gunaydin G, Gedik ME, Ayan S. Photodynamic Therapy-Current Limitations and Novel Approaches. Front Chem 2021; 9:691697. [PMID: 34178948 PMCID: PMC8223074 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.691697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) mostly relies on the generation of singlet oxygen, via the excitation of a photosensitizer, so that target tumor cells can be destroyed. PDT can be applied in the settings of several malignant diseases. In fact, the earliest preclinical applications date back to 1900’s. Dougherty reported the treatment of skin tumors by PDT in 1978. Several further studies around 1980 demonstrated the effectiveness of PDT. Thus, the technique has attracted the attention of numerous researchers since then. Hematoporphyrin derivative received the FDA approval as a clinical application of PDT in 1995. We have indeed witnessed a considerable progress in the field over the last century. Given the fact that PDT has a favorable adverse event profile and can enhance anti-tumor immune responses as well as demonstrating minimally invasive characteristics, it is disappointing that PDT is not broadly utilized in the clinical setting for the treatment of malignant and/or non-malignant diseases. Several issues still hinder the development of PDT, such as those related with light, tissue oxygenation and inherent properties of the photosensitizers. Various photosensitizers have been designed/synthesized in order to overcome the limitations. In this Review, we provide a general overview of the mechanisms of action in terms of PDT in cancer, including the effects on immune system and vasculature as well as mechanisms related with tumor cell destruction. We will also briefly mention the application of PDT for non-malignant diseases. The current limitations of PDT utilization in cancer will be reviewed, since identifying problems associated with design/synthesis of photosensitizers as well as application of light and tissue oxygenation might pave the way for more effective PDT approaches. Furthermore, novel promising approaches to improve outcome in PDT such as selectivity, bioengineering, subcellular/organelle targeting, etc. will also be discussed in detail, since the potential of pioneering and exceptional approaches that aim to overcome the limitations and reveal the full potential of PDT in terms of clinical translation are undoubtedly exciting. A better understanding of novel concepts in the field (e.g. enhanced, two-stage, fractional PDT) will most likely prove to be very useful for pursuing and improving effective PDT strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurcan Gunaydin
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - M Emre Gedik
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seylan Ayan
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey
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15
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Zhang Y, Zhao R, Liu J, Kong H, Zhang K, Zhang YN, Kong X, Zhang Q, Zhao Y. Hierarchical nano-to-molecular disassembly of boron dipyrromethene nanoparticles for enhanced tumor penetration and activatable photodynamic therapy. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120945. [PMID: 34126410 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of activatable photosensitizers (PSs) is of particular interest for achieving tumor photodynamic therapy (PDT) with minimal side effects. However, the in vivo applications of PSs are limited by complex physiological and biological delivery barriers. Herein, boron dipyrromethene (BDP)-based nanoparticles are developed through the self-assembly of a multifunctional "one-for-all" building block for enhanced tumor penetration and activatable PDT. The nanoparticles show excellent colloidal stability and long circulation lifetime in blood. Once they reach the tumor site, the first-stage size reduction occurs due to the hydrolysis of the Schiff base bond between polyethylene glycol and the cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp peptide in the acidic tumor microenvironment (pH~6.5), facilitating tumor penetration and specific recognition by cancer cells overexpressing integrin ανβ3 receptors. Upon the endocytosis by cancer cells, the second-stage size reduction is triggered by more acidic pH in lysosomes (pH~4.5). Importantly, the protonated diethylamino groups can block photoinduced electron transfer from the amine donor to the excited PSs and accelerate complete disassembly of the nanoparticles into single PS molecule, with the recovery of the fluorescence and photoactivity for efficient PDT. This study presents a smart PS delivery strategy involving acidity-triggered hierarchical disassembly from the nano to molecular scale for precise tumor PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghe Zhang
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore
| | - Ruibo Zhao
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronics, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hao Kong
- Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Kebiao Zhang
- Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yuan-Ning Zhang
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Xiangdong Kong
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Institute of Smart Biomedical Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China; Zhejiang-Mauritius Joint Research Center for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371, Singapore.
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16
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Liu M, Li C. Recent Advances in Activatable Organic Photosensitizers for Specific Photodynamic Therapy. Chempluschem 2021; 85:948-957. [PMID: 32401421 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is an alternative modality for the therapy of diseases such as cancer in a minimally invasive manner. The essential photosensitizer, which acts as a catalyst when absorbing light, converts oxygen into cytotoxic reactive oxygen species that ablate malignant cells through apoptosis and/or necrosis, destroy tumor microvasculature, and stimulate immunity. An activatable photosensitizer whose photoactivity could be turned on by a specific disease biomarker is capable of distinguishing healthy cells from diseased cells, thereby reducing off-target photodamage. In this Minireview, we highlight progress in activatable organic photosensitizers over the past five years, including: (i) biorthogonal activatable BODIPYs; (ii) activatable Se-rhodamine with single-cell resolution; (iii) silicon phthalocyanine targeting oxygen tension; (iv) general D-π-A scaffolds; and (v) AIEgens. The potential challenges and opportunities for developing new types of activatable organic photosensitizers to overcome the hypoxia dilemmas of photodynamic therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Changhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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17
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Benson S, de Moliner F, Fernandez A, Kuru E, Asiimwe NL, Lee JS, Hamilton L, Sieger D, Bravo IR, Elliot AM, Feng Y, Vendrell M. Photoactivatable metabolic warheads enable precise and safe ablation of target cells in vivo. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2369. [PMID: 33888691 PMCID: PMC8062536 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22578-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoactivatable molecules enable ablation of malignant cells under the control of light, yet current agents can be ineffective at early stages of disease when target cells are similar to healthy surrounding tissues. In this work, we describe a chemical platform based on amino-substituted benzoselenadiazoles to build photoactivatable probes that mimic native metabolites as indicators of disease onset and progression. Through a series of synthetic derivatives, we have identified the key chemical groups in the benzoselenadiazole scaffold responsible for its photodynamic activity, and subsequently designed photosensitive metabolic warheads to target cells associated with various diseases, including bacterial infections and cancer. We demonstrate that versatile benzoselenadiazole metabolites can selectively kill pathogenic cells - but not healthy cells - with high precision after exposure to non-toxic visible light, reducing any potential side effects in vivo. This chemical platform provides powerful tools to exploit cellular metabolic signatures for safer therapeutic and surgical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Benson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fabio de Moliner
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Antonio Fernandez
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Erkin Kuru
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas L Asiimwe
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) & Bio-Med Program KIST-School UST, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun-Seok Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Lloyd Hamilton
- The Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dirk Sieger
- The Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Isabel R Bravo
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Abigail M Elliot
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yi Feng
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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18
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Nakano T, Sumida A, Naka K. Synthesis and Characterization of Boron Difluoride Complexes Bearing π-Expanded Pyridine Ligands as Organic Fluorochromes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:5690-5701. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Nakano
- Material Innovation Lab, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Akifumi Sumida
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kensuke Naka
- Material Innovation Lab, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Faculty of Molecular Chemistry and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology Kyoto Institute of Technology, Goshokaido-cho, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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19
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Zhao X, Liu J, Fan J, Chao H, Peng X. Recent progress in photosensitizers for overcoming the challenges of photodynamic therapy: from molecular design to application. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4185-4219. [PMID: 33527104 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00173b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 457] [Impact Index Per Article: 152.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a therapeutic mode involving light triggering, has been recognized as an attractive oncotherapy treatment. However, nonnegligible challenges remain for its further clinical use, including finite tumor suppression, poor tumor targeting, and limited therapeutic depth. The photosensitizer (PS), being the most important element of PDT, plays a decisive role in PDT treatment. This review summarizes recent progress made in the development of PSs for overcoming the above challenges. This progress has included PSs developed to display enhanced tolerance of the tumor microenvironment, improved tumor-specific selectivity, and feasibility of use in deep tissue. Based on their molecular photophysical properties and design directions, the PSs are classified by parent structures, which are discussed in detail from the molecular design to application. Finally, a brief summary of current strategies for designing PSs and future perspectives are also presented. We expect the information provided in this review to spur the further design of PSs and the clinical development of PDT-mediated cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueze Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China.
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20
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Hwang B, Kim TI, Kim H, Jeon S, Choi Y, Kim Y. Ubiquinone-BODIPY nanoparticles for tumor redox-responsive fluorescence imaging and photodynamic activity. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:824-831. [PMID: 33338098 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02529a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Successful applications of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in cancer treatment require the development of effective photosensitizers with controllable singlet oxygen generation. Here we report a ubiquinone-BODIPY photosensitizer that self-assembles into nanoparticles (PS-Q-NPs) and undergoes selective activation and deaggregation within the highly reductive intracellular environment of tumor cells. PS-Q-NPs are highly stable in aqueous buffer solution, and exhibit minimal fluorescence and photosensitization due to a rapid non-radiative relaxation process. Upon endocytosis by cancer cells, reduction of the ubiquinone moiety by intracellular glutathione (GSH) triggers the conversion of the aggregated hydrophobic precursor into the active hydrophilic carboxylate derivative PS-A. The conversion results in enhanced fluorescence and therapeutic singlet oxygen generation, portending to its application as an activatable photosensitizer for fluorescence imaging-guided photodynamic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byunghee Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447, Korea.
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21
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Nguyen VN, Yan Y, Zhao J, Yoon J. Heavy-Atom-Free Photosensitizers: From Molecular Design to Applications in the Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:207-220. [PMID: 33289536 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved therapeutic modality that has shown great potential for the treatment of cancers owing to its excellent spatiotemporal selectivity and inherently noninvasive nature. However, PDT has not reached its full potential, partly due to the lack of ideal photosensitizers. A common molecular design strategy for effective photosensitizers is to incorporate heavy atoms into photosensitizer structures, causing concerns about elevated dark toxicity, short triplet-state lifetimes, poor photostability, and the potentially high cost of heavy metals. To address these drawbacks, a significant advance has been devoted to developing advanced smart photosensitizers without the use of heavy atoms to better fit the clinical requirements of PDT. Over the past few years, heavy-atom-free nonporphyrinoid photosensitizers have emerged as an innovative alternative class of PSs due to their superior photophysical and photochemical properties and lower expense. Heavy-atom-free nonporphyrinoid photosensitizers have been widely explored for PDT purposes and have shown great potential for clinical oncologic applications. Although many review articles about heavy-atom-free photosensitizers based on porphyrinoid structure have been published, no specific review articles have yet focused on the heavy-atom-free nonporphyrinoid photosensitizers.In this account, the specific concept related to heavy-atom-free photosensitizers and the advantageous properties of heavy-atom-free photosensitizers for cancer theranostics will be briefly introduced. In addition, recent progress in the development of heavy-atom-free photosensitizers, ranging from molecular design approaches to recent innovative types of heavy-atom-free nonporphyrinoid photosensitizers, emphasizing our own research, will be presented. The main molecular design approaches to efficient heavy-atom-free PSs can be divided into six groups: (1) the approach based on traditional tetrapyrrole structures, (2) spin-orbit charge-transfer intersystem crossing (SOCT-ISC), (3) reducing the singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST), (4) the thionation of carbonyl groups of conventional fluorophores, (5) twisted π-conjugation system-induced intersystem crossing, and (6) radical-enhanced intersystem crossing. The innovative types of heavy-atom-free nonporphyrinoid photosensitizers and their applications in cancer diagnostics and therapeutics will be discussed in detail in the third section. Finally, the challenges that need to be addressed to develop optimal heavy-atom-free photosensitizers for oncologic photodynamic therapy and a perspective in this research field will be provided. We believe that this review will provide general guidance for the future design of innovative photosensitizers and spur preclinical and clinical studies for PDT-mediated cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Yuxin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Ling Gong Road, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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22
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Cao Y, Han S, Zhang H, Wang J, Jiang QY, Zhou Y, Yu YJ, Wang J, Chen F, Ng DKP. Detection of cell-surface sialic acids and photodynamic eradication of cancer cells using dye-modified polydopamine-coated gold nanobipyramids. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:5780-5784. [PMID: 34269776 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01274f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
A nanoprobe based on polydopamine-coated gold nanobipyramids surface modified with molecules of a phenylboronic acid-substituted distyryl boron dipyrromethene has been fabricated and characterised using various physical and spectroscopic methods. It serves as an ultrasensitive sensor for sialic acids on the surface of cancer cells based on its dual surface-enhanced Raman scattering and fluorescence response. This biomarker can also trigger the photodynamic activity of these nanobipyramids, effectively eradicating the cancer cells mainly through apoptosis as shown by various bioassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China. and Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Shenghua Han
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
| | - Qiao-Yan Jiang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
| | - Yimin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
| | - You-Jia Yu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
| | - Dennis K P Ng
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
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23
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Kitamura T, Shiroshita S, Takahashi D, Toshima K. 2-Naphthol Moiety of Neocarzinostatin Chromophore as a Novel Protein-Photodegrading Agent and Its Application as a H 2 O 2 -Activatable Photosensitizer. Chemistry 2020; 26:14351-14358. [PMID: 32533610 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A 2-naphthol derivative 2 corresponding to the aromatic ring moiety of neocarzinostatin chromophore was found to degrade proteins under photo-irradiation with long-wavelength UV light without any additives under neutral conditions. Structure-activity relationship studies of the derivative revealed that methylation of the hydroxyl group at the C2 position of 2 significantly suppressed its photodegradation ability. Furthermore, a purpose-designed synthetic tumor-related biomarker, a H2 O2 -activatable photosensitizer 8 possessing a H2 O2 -responsive arylboronic ester moiety conjugated to the hydroxyl group at the C2 position of 2, showed significantly lower photodegradation ability compared to 2. However, release of the 2 from 8 by reaction with H2 O2 regenerated the photodegradation ability. Compound 8 exhibited selective photo-cytotoxicity against high H2 O2 -expressing cancer cells upon irradiation with long-wavelength UV light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kitamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Saori Shiroshita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Toshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, 223-8522, Japan
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24
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Linden G, Vázquez O. Bioorthogonal Turn-On BODIPY-Peptide Photosensitizers for Tailored Photodynamic Therapy. Chemistry 2020; 26:10014-10023. [PMID: 32638402 PMCID: PMC7496803 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) leads to cancer remission via the production of cytotoxic species under photosensitizer (PS) irradiation. However, concomitant damage and dark toxicity can both hinder its use. With this in mind, we have implemented a versatile peptide-based platform of bioorthogonally activatable BODIPY-tetrazine PSs. Confocal microscopy and phototoxicity studies demonstrated that the incorporation of the PS, as a bifunctional module, into a peptide enabled spatial and conditional control of singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) generation. Comparing subcellular distribution, PS confined in the cytoplasmic membrane achieved the highest toxicities (IC50 =0.096±0.003 μm) after activation and without apparent dark toxicity. Our tunable approach will inspire novel probes towards smart PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Linden
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
| | - Olalla Vázquez
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435043MarburgGermany
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25
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Zhang YH, Li X, Huang L, Kim HS, An J, Lan M, Cao QY, Kim JS. AIE based GSH activatable photosensitizer for imaging-guided photodynamic therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10317-10320. [PMID: 32760939 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02045a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A novel ferrocene decorated vinyl pyridinium-substituted tetraphenylethylene (TPEPY-S-Fc) linked by a disulfide bond was designed as a GSH activatable photosensitizer by aggregation-induced emission for imaging-guided photodynamic therapy of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, P. R. China.
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26
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Liu S, Wang X, Liu H, Xiao Z, Zhou C, Chen Y, Li X. An Activatable Triplet Sensitizer Based on Triplet Electron Transfer and Its Application for Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Upconversion. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:6389-6397. [PMID: 32609515 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Activatable triplet photosensitization refers to a photosentization process which can be turned on/off easily by external stimulus. Activatable triplet photosensitizations are normally achieved by interfering with the singlet excited state before the intersystem cross process (ISC), i.e., the formation process of triplet states of sensitizer. To achieve novel activatable triplet photosensitization, a disulfide-bridged porphyrin zinc(II) dyad (ZnPor-S-S-ZnPor) is prepared. Although fast ISC can be conducted in this dyad, an extremely low efficiency is obtained when employing this dyad as a triplet donor in triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) for sensitizing perylene. This is because of the presence of electron transfer from the triplet state of the porphyrin zinc(II) unit to the disulfide bond, which quickly quenches the triplet state of the porphyrin zinc(II) unit. This electron transfer process can be stopped by the cleavage of the disulfide bond in the presence of thiol, and TTA-UC efficiency can be enhanced significantly. Our result demonstrates for the first time that the disulfide bond can act as not only an easy cleavage linker but also a triplet electron acceptor. Furthermore, quenching the triplet states of sensitizer by triplet electron transfer provides an alternative protocol for designing activatable triplet sensitizers except controlling the singlet excited state before the ISC process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- College of Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- College of Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Heyuan Liu
- College of Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Zuoxu Xiao
- College of Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Changjing Zhou
- College of Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Yanli Chen
- College of Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Xiyou Li
- College of Science, School of Materials Science and Engineering, College of New Energy, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
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Wang J, Gong Q, Wang L, Hao E, Jiao L. The main strategies for tuning BODIPY fluorophores into photosensitizers. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619300234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive technique for the treatment of target malignant tumors via the generation of highly reactive singlet oxygen species. PDT treatment of cancer/tumor tissues greatly relies on the development of suitable stable, highly specific and efficient photosensitizers. BODIPY (Boron dipyrromethene) derivatives, as a class of well-developed, versatile fluorescent dyes, has emerged as a new class of PDT agents over the past decade. Many elegant strategies have been developed to enhance the singlet oxygen generation efficiency and the cancer/tumor cell selectivity of BODIPY-based photosensitizers to improve the therapeutic outcomes as well as to minimize the side effects. Many of the currently reported BODIPY-based photosensitizers are valuable dual imaging and therapeutic agents, which can efficiently generate singlet oxygen for PDT and emit fluorescence for in vivo imaging. Although the currently approved PDT agents used for clinical trials do not feature BODIPYs, this situation is expected to change. In this review, we provide an overview of the various strategies that have been used to improve the singlet oxygen generation efficiency for tuning BODIPY fluorophores into photosensitizers and dual imaging/therapeutic agents. Their photophysical properties and photocytotoxic activity including the absorption/emission wavelengths, the singlet oxygen generation efficiency ([Formula: see text] and the half maximal inhibitory concentration [Formula: see text] of these currently reported photosensitizers are summarized. We believe these newly developed BODIPY-based photosensitizers will broaden current concepts of strategies for PDT agent design, and promise to make an important contribution to the diagnosis and therapeutics for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
- Department of Chemical and Chemical Engineering, Hefei Normal University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Qingbao Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Long Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Erhong Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Lijuan Jiao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China
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Prieto-Montero R, Prieto-Castañeda A, Sola-Llano R, Agarrabeitia AR, García-Fresnadillo D, López-Arbeloa I, Villanueva A, Ortiz MJ, de la Moya S, Martínez-Martínez V. Exploring BODIPY Derivatives as Singlet Oxygen Photosensitizers for PDT. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:458-477. [PMID: 32077486 DOI: 10.1111/php.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This minireview is devoted to honoring the memory of Dr. Thomas Dougherty, a pioneer of modern photodynamic therapy (PDT). It compiles the most important inputs made by our research group since 2012 in the development of new photosensitizers based on BODIPY chromophore which, thanks to the rich BODIPY chemistry, allows a finely tuned design of the photophysical properties of this family of dyes to serve as efficient photosensitizers for the generation of singlet oxygen. These two factors, photophysical tuning and workable chemistry, have turned BODIPY chromophore as one of the most promising dyes for the development of improved photosensitizers for PDT. In this line, this minireview is mainly related to the establishment of chemical methods and structural designs for enabling efficient singlet oxygen generation in BODIPYs. The approaches include the incorporation of heavy atoms, such as halogens (iodine or bromine) in different number and positions on the BODIPY scaffold, and also transition metal atoms, by their complexation with Ir(III) center, for instance. On the other hand, low-toxicity approaches, without involving heavy metals, have been developed by preparing several orthogonal BODIPY dimers with different substitution patterns. The advantages and drawbacks of all these diverse molecular designs based on BODIPY structural framework are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Prieto-Montero
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alejandro Prieto-Castañeda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Sola-Llano
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Antonia R Agarrabeitia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David García-Fresnadillo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iñigo López-Arbeloa
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Angeles Villanueva
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,IMDEA Nanociencia, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Ortiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago de la Moya
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de CC. Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain
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Hohlfeld BF, Gitter B, Flanagan KJ, Kingsbury CJ, Kulak N, Senge MO, Wiehe A. Exploring the relationship between structure and activity in BODIPYs designed for antimicrobial phototherapy. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:2416-2431. [PMID: 32186571 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00188k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic strategy to BODIPY dyes is presented giving access to a range of new compounds relevant in the context of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). BODIPYs with the 8-(4-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl) and the 8-pentafluorophenyl substituents were used for the synthesis of new mono- and dibrominated BODIPYs. The para-fluorine atoms in these electron-withdrawing groups facilitate functional modification via nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) with a number of amines and thio-carbohydrates. Subsequently, the antibacterial phototoxic activity of these BODIPYs has been assessed in bacterial assays against the Gram-positive germ S. aureus and also against the Gram-negative germ P. aeruginosa. The bacterial assays allowed to identify substitution patterns which ensured antibacterial activity not only in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) but also in the presence of serum, hereby more realistically modelling the complex biological environment that is present in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin F Hohlfeld
- Institut für Chemie u. Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany and Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany and biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Burkhard Gitter
- biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany.
| | - Keith J Flanagan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Christopher J Kingsbury
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Nora Kulak
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34/36, 14195 Berlin, Germany and Institut für Chemie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Mathias O Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Arno Wiehe
- Institut für Chemie u. Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany and biolitec research GmbH, Otto-Schott-Str. 15, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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30
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Zhao Y, Chen K, Yildiz EA, Li S, Hou Y, Zhang X, Wang Z, Zhao J, Barbon A, Yaglioglu HG, Wu H. Efficient Intersystem Crossing in the Tröger's Base Derived From 4‐Amino‐1,8‐naphthalimide and Application as a Potent Photodynamic Therapy Reagent. Chemistry 2020; 26:3591-3599. [PMID: 31916322 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Kepeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Elif Akhuseyin Yildiz
- Department of Engineering PhysicsFaculty of EngineeringAnkara University 06100 Beşevler, Ankara Turkey
| | - Shujing Li
- School of Bioengineering &Key Laboratory of, Protein Modification and DiseaseDalian University of Technology Liaoning Province 116024 Dalian P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Zhijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine ChemicalsSchool of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of Technology, E-208 West Campus 2 Ling Gong Road Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Antonio Barbon
- Dipartimento di Scienze ChimicheUniversità degli Studi di Padova Via Marzolo 1 35131 Padova Italy
| | - Halime Gul Yaglioglu
- Department of Engineering PhysicsFaculty of EngineeringAnkara University 06100 Beşevler, Ankara Turkey
| | - Huijian Wu
- School of Bioengineering &Key Laboratory of, Protein Modification and DiseaseDalian University of Technology Liaoning Province 116024 Dalian P. R. China
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31
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A glutathione-responsive photosensitizer with fluorescence resonance energy transfer characteristics for imaging-guided targeting photodynamic therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 193:112203. [PMID: 32197150 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, we have synthesized and characterized a novel activatable photosensitizer (PS) 8a in which two well-designed boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) derivatives are utilized as the photosensitizing fluorophore and quencher respectively, which are connected by a disulfide linker via two successive Cu (І) catalyzed click reactions. The fluorescence emission and singlet oxygen production of 8a are suppressed via intramolecular fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the excited BODIPY-based PS part to quencher unit, but both of them can be simultaneously switched on by cancer-related biothiol glutathione (GSH) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution with 0.05% Tween 80 as a result of cleavage of disulfide. Also, 8a exhibits a bright fluorescence image and a substantial ROS production in A549 human lung adenocarcinoma, HeLa human cervical carcinoma and H22 mouse hepatoma cells having a relatively high concentration of GSH, thereby leading to a significant photocytotoxicity, with IC50 values as low as 0.44 μM, 0.67 μM and 0.48 μM, respectively. In addition, the photosensitizer can be effectively activated and imaged in H22 transplanted hepatoma tumors of mice and shows a strong inhibition on tumor growth. All these results suggest that such a GSH-responsive photosensitizer based on FRET mechanism may provide a new strategy for tumor-targeted and fluorescence imaging-guided cancer therapy.
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32
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Turksoy A, Yildiz D, Aydonat S, Beduk T, Canyurt M, Baytekin B, Akkaya EU. Mechanochemical generation of singlet oxygen. RSC Adv 2020; 10:9182-9186. [PMID: 35497229 PMCID: PMC9050071 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00831a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlled generation of singlet oxygen is very important due to its involvement in scheduled cellular maintenance processes and therapeutic potential. As a consequence, precise manipulation of singlet oxygen release rates under mild conditions, is crucial. In this work, a cross-linked polyacrylate, and a polydimethylsiloxane elastomer incorporating anthracene-endoperoxide modules with chain extensions at the 9,10-positions were synthesized. We now report that on mechanical agitation in cryogenic ball mill, fluorescence emission due to anthracene units in the PMA (polymethacrylate) polymer is enhanced, with a concomitant generation of singlet oxygen as proved by detection with a selective probe. The PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) elastomer with the anthracene endoperoxide mechanophore, is also similarly sensitive to mechanical force.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deniz Yildiz
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Simay Aydonat
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Tutku Beduk
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Merve Canyurt
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Bilge Baytekin
- Department of Chemistry, Bilkent University 06800 Ankara Turkey
| | - Engin U Akkaya
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Pharmacy, Dalian University of Technology 2 Linggong Road 116024 Dalian China
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33
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Zhai W, Zhang Y, Liu M, Zhang H, Zhang J, Li C. Universal Scaffold for an Activatable Photosensitizer with Completely Inhibited Photosensitivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:16601-16609. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of EducationNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Yongkang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of EducationNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of EducationNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of EducationNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Junqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of EducationNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Changhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of EducationNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
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34
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Visible light-activated biocompatible photo-CORM for CO-release with colorimetric and fluorometric dual turn-on response. Polyhedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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35
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The Dark Side: Photosensitizer Prodrugs. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12040148. [PMID: 31590223 PMCID: PMC6958472 DOI: 10.3390/ph12040148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photodiagnosis (PD) are essential approaches in the field of biophotonics. Ideally, both modalities require the selective sensitization of the targeted disease in order to avoid undesired phenomena such as the destruction of healthy tissue, skin photosensitization, or mistaken diagnosis. To a large extent, the occurrence of these incidents can be attributed to “background” accumulation in non-target tissue. Therefore, an ideal photoactive compound should be optically silent in the absence of disease, but bright in its presence. Such requirements can be fulfilled using innovative prodrug strategies targeting disease-associated alterations. Here we will summarize the elaboration, characterization, and evaluation of approaches using polymeric photosensitizer prodrugs, nanoparticles, micelles, and porphysomes. Finally, we will discuss the use of 5-aminolevulinc acid and its derivatives that are selectively transformed in neoplastic cells into photoactive protoporphyrin IX.
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36
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Zhai W, Zhang Y, Liu M, Zhang H, Zhang J, Li C. Universal Scaffold for an Activatable Photosensitizer with Completely Inhibited Photosensitivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of EducationNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Yongkang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of EducationNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of EducationNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of EducationNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Junqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of EducationNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Changhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of EducationNankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
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BODIPYs in antitumoral and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: An integrating review. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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38
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Kandrashkin YE, Wang Z, Sukhanov AA, Hou Y, Zhang X, Liu Y, Voronkova VK, Zhao J. Balance between Triplet States in Photoexcited Orthogonal BODIPY Dimers. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4157-4163. [PMID: 31283880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The intersystem crossing (ISC) and the triplet states in two representative BODIPY orthogonal dimers were studied with time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectroscopy. The electron spin polarization (ESP) of the triplet state of the dimers, accessed with spin-orbit charge-transfer ISC, is different from that of the monomer (spin-orbit coupling-induced ISC). The TREPR spectra show that the triplet state initially formed by charge recombination is localized on either of two subunits, with different preference and ESP patterns. On the basis of the relative orientation of the respective zero field splitting principal axes, the Tx state on one subunit and the Tz state on another subunit in the dimer are overpopulated. The balance between the two triplet states is confirmed by the temperature dependency of the population ratio. No quintet state was detected with TREPR down to 20 K; thus, the recently proposed singlet fission ISC mechanism is excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri E Kandrashkin
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS , Sibirsky Tract 10/7 , Kazan 420029 , Russia
| | - Zhijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road , Dalian 116024 , P.R. China
| | - Andrei A Sukhanov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS , Sibirsky Tract 10/7 , Kazan 420029 , Russia
| | - Yuqi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road , Dalian 116024 , P.R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road , Dalian 116024 , P.R. China
| | - Ya Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road , Dalian 116024 , P.R. China
| | - Violeta K Voronkova
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS , Sibirsky Tract 10/7 , Kazan 420029 , Russia
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering , Dalian University of Technology , E-208 West Campus, 2 Ling Gong Road , Dalian 116024 , P.R. China
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39
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Bao XZ, Dai F, Wang Q, Jin XL, Zhou B. Developing glutathione-activated catechol-type diphenylpolyenes as small molecule-based and mitochondria-targeted prooxidative anticancer theranostic prodrugs. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 134:406-418. [PMID: 30707929 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Developing concise theranostic prodrugs is highly desirable for personalized and precision cancer therapy. Herein we used the glutathione (GSH)-mediated conversion of 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonates to phenols to protect a catechol moiety and developed stable pro-catechol-type diphenylpolyenes as small molecule-based prooxidative anticancer theranostic prodrugs. These molecules were synthesized via a modular route allowing creation of various pro-catechol-type diphenylpolyenes. As a typical representative, PDHH demonstrated three unique advantages: (1) capable of exploiting increased levels of GSH in cancer cells to in situ release a catechol moiety followed by its in situ oxidation to o-quinone, leading to preferential redox imbalance (including generation of H2O2 and depletion of GSH) and final selective killing of cancer cells over normal cells, and is also superior to 5-fluorouracil and doxorubicin, the widely used chemotherapy drugs, in terms of its ability to kill preferentially human colon cancer SW620 cells (IC50 = 4.3 μM) over human normal liver L02 cells (IC50 = 42.3 μM) with a favourable in vitro selectivity index of 9.8; (2) permitting a turn-on fluorescent monitoring for its release, targeting mitochondria and therapeutic efficacy without the need of introducing additional fluorophores after its activation by GSH in cancer cells; (3) efficiently targeting mitochondria without the need of introducing additional mitochondria-directed groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Zhen Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Fang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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40
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Ucar E, Seven O, Lee D, Kim G, Yoon J, Akkaya EU. Selectivity in Photodynamic Action: Higher Activity of Mitochondria Targeting Photosensitizers in Cancer Cells. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Esma Ucar
- Department of ChemistryBilkent University Ankara 06800 Turkey
| | - Ozlem Seven
- UNAM – National Nanotechnology Research CenterBilkent University Ankara 06800 Turkey
| | - Dayoung Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nano ScienceEwha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
| | - Gyoungmi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Nano ScienceEwha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nano ScienceEwha Womans University Seoul 03760 Korea
| | - Engin U. Akkaya
- Department of ChemistryBilkent University Ankara 06800 Turkey
- UNAM – National Nanotechnology Research CenterBilkent University Ankara 06800 Turkey
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Pharmaceutical Science and TechnologyDalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
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41
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Gharibi N, Kailass K, Beharry AA. Exploiting the Cellular Redox-Control System for Activatable Photodynamic Therapy. Chembiochem 2019; 20:345-349. [PMID: 30423216 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been successfully used to treat a variety of cancers. However, one drawback has been the adverse side effects experienced by patients during therapy, as a result of the destruction of normal tissues upon irradiation. Herein, we describe the design, synthesis and characterisation of a photosensitiser to overcome this issue that, in addition to light, is also dependent on the overactive redox system present in cancer cells for its activation. Our probe consists of the photosensitiser, protoporphyrin IX, and a FRET-based quencher dye, BHQ-3, on a scaffold containing a disulfide bond. The close proximity of BHQ-3 to protoporphyrin IX quenches its ability to fluoresce and produce reactive oxygen species, whereas nonenzymatic or enzymatic reduction can recover its native properties. We further demonstrate its ability to be activated in cancer cells in a thiol-dependent manner and destroy breast and lung cancer cells upon red-light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Gharibi
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Karishma Kailass
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Andrew A Beharry
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road North, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada
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42
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Du Z, Zhang R, Song B, Zhang W, Wang Y, Liu J, Liu C, Xu ZP, Yuan J. Iridium(III) Complex‐Based Activatable Probe for Phosphorescent/Time‐Gated Luminescent Sensing and Imaging of Cysteine in Mitochondria of Live Cells and Animals. Chemistry 2019; 25:1498-1506. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P.R. China
| | - Run Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Bo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P.R. China
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P.R. China
| | - Yong‐Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry Stanford University Stanford California 94305 USA
| | - Jianping Liu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Chaolong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P.R. China
| | - Zhi Ping Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Jingli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P.R. China
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43
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Turksoy A, Yildiz D, Akkaya EU. Photosensitization and controlled photosensitization with BODIPY dyes. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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44
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Wang L, Bai J, Qian Y. Synthesis of a triphenylamine BODIPY photosensitizer with D–A configuration and its application in intracellular simulated photodynamic therapy. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04166d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A D–A type triphenylamine BODIPY fluorescent dye with AIE characteristics makes progress in photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Jin Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Ying Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- China
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45
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Wang ZW, Su D, Li XQ, Cao JJ, Yang DC, Liu JY. A H₂O₂-Responsive Boron Dipyrromethene-Based Photosensitizer for Imaging-Guided Photodynamic Therapy. Molecules 2018; 24:E32. [PMID: 30577688 PMCID: PMC6337283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate a novel H₂O₂ activatable photosensitizer (compound 7) which contains a diiodo distyryl boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) core and an arylboronate group that quenches the excited state of the BODIPY dye by photoinduced electron transfer (PET). The BODIPY-based photosensitizer is highly soluble and remains nonaggregated in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as shown by the intense and sharp Q-band absorption (707 nm). As expected, compound 7 exhibits negligible fluorescence emission and singlet oxygen generation efficiency. However, upon interaction with H₂O₂, both the fluorescence emission and singlet oxygen production of the photosensitizer can be restored in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution and PBS buffer solution containing 20% DMSO as a result of the cleavage of the arylboronate group. Due to the higher concentration of H₂O₂ in cancer cells, compound 7 even with low concentration is particularly sensitive to human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cells (IC50 = 0.95 μM) but hardly damage human embryonic lung fibroblast (HELF) cells. The results above suggest that this novel BODIPY derivative is a promising candidate for fluorescence imaging-guided photodynamic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment & National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Dan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment & National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Xiao-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment & National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment & National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - De-Chao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment & National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Jian-Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment & National & Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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46
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Su M, Li S, Zhang H, Zhang J, Chen H, Li C. Nano-Assemblies from J-Aggregated Dyes: A Stimuli-Responsive Tool Applicable To Living Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:402-413. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Su
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Shuoxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Junqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Haoliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Changhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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47
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Callaghan S, Senge MO. The good, the bad, and the ugly - controlling singlet oxygen through design of photosensitizers and delivery systems for photodynamic therapy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:1490-1514. [PMID: 29569665 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00008e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen, although integral to photodynamic therapy, is notoriously uncontrollable, suffers from poor selectivity and has fast decomposition rates in biological media. Across the scientific community, there is a conscious effort to refine singlet oxygen interactions and initiate selective and controlled release to produce a consistent and reproducible therapeutic effect in target tissue. This perspective aims to provide an insight into the contemporary design principles behind photosensitizers and drug delivery systems that depend on a singlet oxygen response or controlled release. The discussion will be accompanied by in vitro and in vivo examples, in an attempt to highlight advancements in the field and future prospects for the more widespread application of photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Callaghan
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Mathias O Senge
- School of Chemistry, SFI Tetrapyrrole Laboratory, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland and Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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48
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Huang L, Han G. Near Infrared Boron Dipyrromethene Nanoparticles for Optotheranostics. SMALL METHODS 2018; 2:1700370. [PMID: 31872045 PMCID: PMC6927252 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.201700370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) is a class of important emerging fluorescent dyes. Due to their unique chemical and optical properties, near infrared (NIR)-emitting BODIPY dyes containing nanoparticles have recently been developed for a wide array of cutting-edge cancer optotheranostic applications. These nanoparticles not only have robust photostability and tunable photophysical properties, but they can also be flexibly tailored to a multitude of functional uses. Based on these outstanding characteristics, such nanoparticles have shown great promise in diagnosis as biological sensors, as well as in their utilization in advanced imaging and photomedicine for cancer treatment. In particular, here, this study first discusses their use as photoswitchable fluorescence probes toward in vitro single-molecule imaging. Second, this study takes a look at their opportunities for photoacoustic imaging utilization. Third, approaches are discussed to construct new NIR-absorbing BODIPY nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Fourth, this study delves into the new approach to use such nanoparticles as an emerging version of triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) and their biological uses, such as their photoactivation prodrug therapy (PAPT) for cancer. Finally, new biological sensors based on NIR BODIPY nanoparticles are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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49
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Bao XZ, Dai F, Li XR, Zhou B. Targeting redox vulnerability of cancer cells by prooxidative intervention of a glutathione-activated Cu(II) pro-ionophore: Hitting three birds with one stone. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:342-352. [PMID: 29935260 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Altered redox homeostasis including higher levels of copper, reduced glutathione (GSH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer cells than in normal cells illustrates their redox vulnerability, and has opened a window for developing prooxidative anticancer agents (PAAs) to hit this status. However, how to design PAAs with high selectivity in killing cancer cells over normal cells remains a challenge. Herein we designed a 3-hydroxyflavone-inspired copper pro-ionophore (PHF) as a potent PAA based on the GSH-mediated conversion of 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonates to enols. Mechanistic investigation reveals that it is capable of exploiting increased levels of GSH in cancer cells to in situ release an active ionophore, 3-hydroxyflavone, inducing redox imbalance (copper accumulation, GSH depletion and ROS generation) and achieving highly selective killing of cancer cells upon specific transport of small amounts of Cu(II). To the best of our knowledge, it is the first example of Cu(II) pro-ionophore type of PAA which hits (changes) the three birds (abnormal copper, GSH and ROS levels in cancer cells) with one stone (PHF) in terms of its ability to induce preferentially redox imbalance of cancer cells by copper accumulation, GSH depletion and ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Zhen Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Fang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xin-Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China.
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50
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Xu K, Yao H, Hu J, Zhou J, Zhou L, Wei S. Pre-drug Self-assembled Nanoparticles: Recovering activity and overcoming glutathione-associated cell antioxidant resistance against photodynamic therapy. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:431-446. [PMID: 29981371 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In photodynamic therapy (PDT), the elevated glutathione (GSH) of cancer cells have two sides for treatment efficacy, activation pre-drug by removing activity suppressor part (advantages) and consumption reactive oxygen species (ROS) to confer PDT resistance (disadvantages). Preparation all-in-one system by simple method to make best use of the advantages and bypass the disadvantages still were remains a technical challenge. Herein, we report a robust PDT nanoparticle with above function based on a self-assembled pyridine modified Zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc-DTP). The activity suppressor and active part of ZnPc-DTP were linked by disulfide bond. After targeting cancer cells, GSH can react with ZnPc-DTP nanoparticles by cutting disulfide bond to release its active part (ZnPc-SH) and oxidize GSH. In vitro and in vivo results indicated that ZnPc-SH can effective suppress tumor growth under the low antioxidant tumor microenvironment (TME).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaikai Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemistry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hai Yao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemistry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jinhui Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemistry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jiahong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemistry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Lin Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemistry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Shaohua Wei
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Applied Photochemistry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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