1
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Eghbarieh N, Masarwa A. Desymmetrization of Diboron(4) by a Trifluorination B-Masking Strategy: Practical Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Diboron Species. J Org Chem 2024; 89:11753-11760. [PMID: 39086151 PMCID: PMC11334178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a straightforward practical and simple method for efficiently synthesizing a BF3-containing unsymmetrical diboron salt. This method involves the direct desymmetrization of commercially available diboron(4). This desymmetrization is based on a selective B-masking strategy via nucleophilic trifluorination, providing the elusive diborons bearing a trifluoroborate group. The synthetic utility of these salts is demonstrated through various examples of (sequential) B-ligand interconversions, enabling the synthesis of unsymmetrical diboron derivatives. These products, which serve as valuable building blocks, are obtained in gram-scale and high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Eghbarieh
- Institute of Chemistry, The
Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Casali Center for Applied
Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Ahmad Masarwa
- Institute of Chemistry, The
Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Casali Center for Applied
Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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2
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Boronski JT, Crumpton AE, Roper AF, Aldridge S. A nucleophilic beryllyl complex via metathesis at [Be-Be] 2. Nat Chem 2024; 16:1295-1300. [PMID: 38760434 PMCID: PMC11321998 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01534-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Owing to its high toxicity, the chemistry of element number four, beryllium, is poorly understood. However, as the lightest elements provide the basis for fundamental models of chemical bonding, there is a need for greater insight into the properties of beryllium. In this context, the chemistry of the homo-elemental Be-Be bond is of fundamental interest. Here the ligand metathesis chemistry of diberyllocene (1; CpBeBeCp)-a stable complex with a Be-Be bond-has been investigated. These studies yield two complexes with Be-Be bonds: Cp*BeBeCp (2) and [K{(HCDippN)2BO}2]BeBeCp (3; Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl). Quantum chemical calculations indicate that the Be-Be bond in 3 is polarized to such an extent that the complex could be formulated as a mixed-oxidation state Be0/BeII complex. Correspondingly, it is demonstrated that 3 can transfer the 'beryllyl' anion, [BeCp]-, to an organic substrate, by analogy with the reactivity of sp2-sp3 diboranes. Indeed, this work reveals striking similarities between the homo-elemental bonding linkages of beryllium and boron, despite the respective metallic and non-metallic natures of these elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef T Boronski
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Agamemnon E Crumpton
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aisling F Roper
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Chemistry Research Laboratory Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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3
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Mondal PP, Chungath AA, Krishnan M, Das S, Mandodi A, Sahoo B. Synthesis of Unsymmetrical 3,3'-Dialkyloxindole Boronic Esters from 3-Alkylidene-2-oxindoles Enabled by Copper Catalysis. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10403-10408. [PMID: 38970159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
We describe a 1,2-alkylboration of 3-alkylidene-2-oxindoles with a diboron reagent and alkyl bromides and iodides enabled by copper/bisphosphine catalysis. This scalable alkylboration method provides facile access to 3,3'-dialkyloxindole boronic esters featuring an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter and an increased F(sp3) fraction. In addition to good functional group tolerance and prolific utilization of drug/pesticide-derived alkyl iodides, the conversion of the C-B bond to a C-C/C-X bond offers further opportunities for structural variation of 3,3'-dialkyloxindoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinku Prasad Mondal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Alvin Antony Chungath
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Malavika Krishnan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Subham Das
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Aarya Mandodi
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Basudev Sahoo
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
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4
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Fan KW, Luk HL, Phillips DL. A Computational Study of Photoinduced Borylation for Selected Boron Sources. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300285. [PMID: 38456364 PMCID: PMC11230929 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This research article uses density functional theory (DFT) to study photoinduced borylation. This work examined the electron donor-acceptor complex (EDA) of bis(catecholato)diboron with different redox-active leaving groups and bis(pinacol)diboron with aryl N-hydroxyphthalimide. The results of these DFT studies show the complex ratio of B2cat2 and N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) should be 1 : 2 which is consistent with the experimental results in the literature. We further proposed a reaction mechanism and calculated the energies associated with each step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Wa Fan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Hoi Ling Luk
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - David Lee Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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5
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Huang J, Yan X, Liu X, Chen Z, Jiang T, Zhang L, Ju G, Huang G, Wang C. Enantioselective Ni-Catalyzed 1,2-Borylalkynylation of Unactivated Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17140-17149. [PMID: 38864776 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Enantioselective three-component difunctionalization of alkenes with boron reagents represents an attractive strategy for assembling three-dimensional chiral organoboron compounds. However, regio- and enantiocontrol comprise the pivot challenges in these transformations, which predominantly require the use of activated conjugated alkenes. Herein, by utilizing various carbonyl directing groups, including amides, sulfinamides, ketones, and esters, we succeed in realizing a nickel-catalyzed 1,2-borylalkynylation of unactivated alkenes to enable the simultaneous incorporation of a boron entity and an sp-fragment across the double bond. The products contain boryl, alkynyl, and carbonyl functional groups with orthogonal synthetic reactivities, offering three handles for further derivatization to access valuable intermediates. The utility of this ligand-enabled asymmetric protocol has been highlighted through the late-stage decoration of drug-relevant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Xueyuan Yan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Xuanyu Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyang Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Ju
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
| | - Genping Huang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, P. R. China
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6
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Shere HTW, Liu HY, Neale SE, Hill MS, Mahon MF, McMullin CL. The borylamino-diborata-allyl anion. Chem Sci 2024; 15:7999-8007. [PMID: 38817583 PMCID: PMC11134337 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01953a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactions of β-diketiminato alkaline earth alkyldiboranate derivatives [(BDI)Ae{pinBB(R)pin}] (BDI = HC{(Me)CNDipp}2; Dipp = 2,6-i-Pr2C6H3; Ae = Mg, R = n-Bu or Ae = Ca, R = n-hexyl) with t-BuNC provide access to the respective group 2 derivatives of unprecedented diborata-allyl, {(pinB)2CNBpin(t-Bu)}-, anions. Although the necessary mode of B-C bond cleavage implicated in these transformations could not be elucidated, further studies of the reactivity of magnesium triboranates toward isonitriles delivered a more general and rational synthetic access to analogous anionic moieties. Extending this latter reactivity to a less symmetric triboranate variant also provided an isomeric Mg-C-bonded dibora-alkyl species and sufficient experimental insight to prompt theoretical evaluation of this reactivity. DFT calculations, thus, support a reaction pathway predicated on initial RNC attack at a peripheral boron centre and the intermediacy of such dibora-alkyl intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry T W Shere
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Han-Ying Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Samuel E Neale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Claire L McMullin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
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7
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Ji CL, Chen H, Gao Q, Han J, Li W, Xie J. Dinuclear gold-catalyzed divergent dechlorinative radical borylation of gem-dichloroalkanes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3721. [PMID: 38698059 PMCID: PMC11066019 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The enormous and widespread use of organoboronic acids has prompted the development of innovative synthetic methodologies to meet the demands on structural diversity and functional group tolerance. The existing photoinduced defunctionalization radical borylation, typically focused on the conversion of one C-X bond (X= Br, I, or other leaving group) into only one C-B bond. Herein, we disclose a divergent radical dechloroborylation reaction enabled by dinuclear gold catalysis with visible light irradiation. A wide range of structurally diverse alkyl boronic, α-chloroboronic, and gem-diboronic esters can be synthesized in moderate to good yields (up to 92%). Its synthetic robustness is further demonstrated on a preparative scale and applied to late-stage diversification of complex molecules. The process hinges on a C-Cl bond relay activation in readily available gem-dichloroalkanes through inner-sphere electron transfer, overcoming the redox potential limits of unreactive alkyl chlorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Long Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hongliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Weipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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8
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Bhawar R, Saini S, Patil KS, Nagaraju DH, Bose SK. Synthesis of Alkyl and Aryl Boronate Esters via CeO 2-Catalyzed Borylation of Alkyl and Aryl Electrophiles Including Alkyl Chlorides. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16270-16279. [PMID: 37957832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
A recyclable protocol using a CeO2-nanorod catalyst for borylation of alkyl halides with B2pin2 (pin = OCMe2CMe2O) is reported. A wide range of synthetically useful alkyl boronate esters are readily obtained from primary and secondary alkyl electrophiles, including unactivated alkyl chlorides, demonstrating broad utility and functional group tolerance. Preliminary investigation revealed an involvement of in situ formed catalytically active boryl species. The catalyst can be reused for up to six runs without appreciable loss in activity. In addition, we have demonstrated the use of this recyclable catalyst for the borylation of aryl halides with B2pin2, providing valuable aryl boronate esters under neat conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Bhawar
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, 562112, India
| | - Suresh Saini
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, 562112, India
| | - Kiran S Patil
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, 562112, India
| | - D H Nagaraju
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, Reva University, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Shubhankar Kumar Bose
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Jain Global Campus, Bangalore, 562112, India
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9
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Hu J, Tang M, Wang J, Wu Z, Friedrich A, Marder TB. Photocatalyzed Borylcyclopropanation of Alkenes with a (Diborylmethyl)iodide Reagent. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202305175. [PMID: 37527975 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202305175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Cyclopropane skeletons play a prominent role in the development of organic synthesis and pharmaceutical chemistry. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a stable, multifunctional (diborylmethyl)iodide reagent (CHI(Bpin)2 ) for the photoinduced cyclopropanation of alkenes, providing an array of 1,2-substituted cyclopropylboronates in good yields. This α-haloboronic ester can be readily synthesized on a multigram scale from commercially available starting materials. Furthermore, the protocol displays high chemo- and diastereoselectivity, excellent functional-group tolerance, and allows for late-stage borylcyclopropanation of complex molecules. Mechanistic studies reveal that the borylcyclopropanation proceeds through a radical addition/polar cyclization pathway mediated by the photocatalyst fac-Ir(ppy)3 and visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefeng Hu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 Jiangsu, China
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Man Tang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhu Wu
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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10
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Nie Z, Cheng R, Qiu Z, Xie Z. Reaction of 4-Bpin-o-Carborane with Ketones: Sequential Carbon Vertex Alkylation and B-B Bond Activation. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300598. [PMID: 37547963 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Diboron compounds are important reagents in a series of transition metal catalyzed or metal-free borylation reactions. We describe herein a unique reactivity of 4-Bpin-o-carborane with ketones under basic conditions, leading to sequential cage carbon alkylation, B-B bond activation and unexpected O-migration. The reaction was compatible with a good substrate scope including dialkyl or alkyl aryl ketones. The reaction mechanism is also proposed, involving cage CH deprotonation, nucleophilic attack of ketone, and O-migration along with B-B bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Nie
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ruofei Cheng
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zaozao Qiu
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Zuowei Xie
- Shanghai-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Rd, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N. T., Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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11
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Ke S, Liao H, Qin H, Wang Y, Li Y. Access to Benzocyclic Boronates via Light-Promoted Intramolecular Arylborylation of Alkenes. J Org Chem 2023; 88:6237-6246. [PMID: 37040625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Benzocyclic boronates have attracted increasing research interest in drug chemistry and organic synthesis in recent years. Herein, we report a facile access to benzocyclic boronates through photopromoted intramolecular arylborylation of allyl aryldiazonium salts. This simple protocol features a broad scope, allowing the formation of variously functionalized borates bearing dihydrobenzofuran, dihydroindene, benzothiophene, and indoline skeletons under mild and sustainable conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Ke
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Huanqing Liao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Hao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
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12
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Zapf L, Riethmann M, Föhrenbacher SA, Finze M, Radius U. An easy-to-perform evaluation of steric properties of Lewis acids. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2275-2288. [PMID: 36873848 PMCID: PMC9977453 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00037k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Steric and electronic effects play a very important role in chemistry, as these effects influence the shape and reactivity of molecules. Herein, an easy-to-perform approach to assess and quantify steric properties of Lewis acids with differently substituted Lewis acidic centers is reported. This model applies the concept of the percent buried volume (%V Bur) to fluoride adducts of Lewis acids, as many fluoride adducts are crystallographically characterized and are frequently calculated to judge fluoride ion affinities (FIAs). Thus, data such as cartesian coordinates are often easily available. A list of 240 Lewis acids together with topographic steric maps and cartesian coordinates of an oriented molecule suitable for the SambVca 2.1 web application is provided, together with different FIA values taken from the literature. Diagrams of %V Bur as a scale for steric demand vs. FIA as a scale for Lewis acidity provide valuable information about stereo-electronic properties of Lewis acids and an excellent evaluation of steric and electronic features of the Lewis acid under consideration. Furthermore, a novel LAB-Rep model (Lewis acid/base repulsion model) is introduced, which judges steric repulsion in Lewis acid/base pairs and helps to predict if an arbitrary pair of Lewis acid and Lewis base can form an adduct with respect to their steric properties. The reliability of this model was evaluated in four selected case studies, which demonstrate the versatility of this model. For this purpose, a user-friendly Excel spreadsheet was developed and is provided in the ESI, which works with listed buried volumes of Lewis acids %V Bur_LA and of Lewis bases %V Bur_LB, and no results from experimental crystal structures or quantum chemical calculations are necessary to evaluate steric repulsion in these Lewis acid/base pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Zapf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany https://www.ak-radius.de https://go.uniwue.de/finze-group.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Melanie Riethmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany https://www.ak-radius.de https://go.uniwue.de/finze-group.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Steffen A Föhrenbacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany https://www.ak-radius.de https://go.uniwue.de/finze-group
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany https://www.ak-radius.de https://go.uniwue.de/finze-group.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany https://www.ak-radius.de https://go.uniwue.de/finze-group
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13
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Teresa J, Velado M, Fernández de la Pradilla R, Viso A, Lozano B, Tortosa M. Enantioselective Suzuki cross-coupling of 1,2-diboryl cyclopropanes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1575-1581. [PMID: 36794195 PMCID: PMC9906671 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05789a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we describe the catalytic enantioselective cross-coupling of 1,2-bisboronic esters. Prior work on group specific cross coupling is limited to the use of geminal bis-boronates. This desymmetrization provides a novel approach to prepare enantioenriched cyclopropyl boronates with three contiguous stereocenters, that could be further derivatized through selective functionalization of the carbon-boron bond. Our results suggest that transmetallation, which is the enantiodetermining step, takes place with retention of stereochemistry at carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Teresa
- Organic Chemistry Department, Center for Innovation in Advanced Chemistry (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Marina Velado
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG), CSIC Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | | | - Alma Viso
- Instituto de Química Orgánica General (IQOG), CSIC Juan de la Cierva 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Blanca Lozano
- Organic Chemistry Department, Center for Innovation in Advanced Chemistry (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Mariola Tortosa
- Organic Chemistry Department, Center for Innovation in Advanced Chemistry (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) 28049 Madrid Spain
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14
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Prey SE, Herok C, Fantuzzi F, Bolte M, Lerner HW, Engels B, Wagner M. Multifaceted behavior of a doubly reduced arylborane in B-H-bond activation and hydroboration catalysis. Chem Sci 2023; 14:849-860. [PMID: 36755708 PMCID: PMC9890859 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05518j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkali-metal salts of 9,10-dimethyl-9,10-dihydro-9,10-diboraanthrancene (M2[DBA-Me2]; M+ = Li+, Na+, K+) activate the H-B bond of pinacolborane (HBpin) in THF already at room temperature. For M+ = Na+, K+, the addition products M2[4] are formed, which contain one new H-B and one new B-Bpin bond; for M+ = Li+, the H- ion is instantaneously transferred from the DBA-Me2 unit to another equivalent of HBpin to afford Li[5]. Although Li[5] might commonly be considered a [Bpin]- adduct of neutral DBA-Me2, it donates a [Bpin]+ cation to Li[SiPh3], generating the silyl borane Ph3Si-Bpin; Li2[DBA-Me2] with an aromatic central B2C4 ring acts as the leaving group. Furthermore, Li2[DBA-Me2] catalyzes the hydroboration of various unsaturated substrates with HBpin in THF. Quantum-chemical calculations complemented by in situ NMR spectroscopy revealed two different mechanistic scenarios that are governed by the steric demand of the substrate used: in the case of the bulky Ph(H)C[double bond, length as m-dash]NtBu, the reaction requires elevated temperatures of 100 °C, starts with H-Bpin activation which subsequently generates Li[BH4], so that the mechanism eventually turns into "hidden borohydride catalysis". Ph(H)C[double bond, length as m-dash]NPh, Ph2C[double bond, length as m-dash]O, Ph2C[double bond, length as m-dash]CH2, and iPrN[double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]NiPr undergo hydroboration already at room temperature. Here, the active hydroboration catalyst is the [4 + 2] cycloadduct between the respective substrate and Li2[DBA-Me2]: in the key step, attack of HBpin on the bridging unit opens the bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene scaffold and gives the activated HBpin adduct of the Lewis-basic moiety that was previously coordinated to the DBA-B atom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven E. Prey
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität FrankfurtFrankfurt am Main D-60438Germany
| | - Christoph Herok
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Würzburg D-97074 Germany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Würzburg D-97074 Germany .,School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Kent Canterbury CT2 7NH UK
| | - Michael Bolte
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main D-60438 Germany
| | - Hans-Wolfram Lerner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main D-60438 Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Würzburg D-97074 Germany
| | - Matthias Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main D-60438 Germany
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15
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Raut RK, Waghamare AB, Patel N, Majumdar M. Role of N, N′‐diboryl‐4, 4′‐bipyridinylidene in the Transition metal‐free Borylation of Aryl Halides and Direct C‐H arylation of Unactivated Benzene. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra K. Raut
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Chemistry INDIA
| | | | - Niranjan Patel
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Chemistry INDIA
| | - Moumita Majumdar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune Chemistry Dr. Homi Bhabha RoadPashan 411008 Pune INDIA
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16
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Ríos P, See MS, Handford RC, Teat SJ, Tilley TD. Robust dicopper(i) μ-boryl complexes supported by a dinucleating naphthyridine-based ligand. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6619-6625. [PMID: 35756530 PMCID: PMC9172574 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00848c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper boryl species have been widely invoked as reactive intermediates in Cu-catalysed C–H borylation reactions, but their isolation and study have been challenging. Use of the robust dinucleating ligand DPFN (2,7-bis(fluoro-di(2-pyridyl)methyl)-1,8-naphthyridine) allowed for the isolation of two very thermally stable dicopper(i) boryl complexes, [(DPFN)Cu2(μ-Bpin)][NTf2] (2) and [(DPFN)Cu2(μ-Bcat)][NTf2] (4) (pin = 2,3-dimethylbutane-2,3-diol; cat = benzene-1,2-diol). These complexes were prepared by cleavage of the corresponding diborane via reaction with the alkoxide [(DPFN)Cu2(μ-OtBu)][NTf2] (3). Reactivity studies illustrated the exceptional stability of these boryl complexes (thermal stability in solution up to 100 °C) and their role in the activation of C(sp)–H bonds. X-ray diffraction and computational studies provide a detailed description of the bonding and electronic structures in these complexes, and suggest that the dinucleating character of the naphthyridine-based ligand is largely responsible for their remarkable stability. Cu(i) boryl species have been widely invoked as reactive intermediates in Cu-catalysed C–H borylations, but their isolation has been challenging. In this work, thermally robust dicopper(I) boryl complexes have been synthesized and studied in detail.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ríos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley USA
| | - Matthew S See
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley USA
| | - Rex C Handford
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley USA
| | - Simon J Teat
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
| | - T Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley USA
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17
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Dow NW, Pedersen PS, Chen TQ, Blakemore DC, Dechert-Schmitt AM, Knauber T, MacMillan DWC. Decarboxylative Borylation and Cross-Coupling of (Hetero)aryl Acids Enabled by Copper Charge Transfer Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:6163-6172. [PMID: 35377627 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a copper-catalyzed strategy for arylboronic ester synthesis that exploits photoinduced ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) to convert (hetero)aryl acids into aryl radicals amenable to ambient-temperature borylation. This near-UV process occurs under mild conditions, requires no prefunctionalization of the native acid, and operates broadly across diverse aryl, heteroaryl, and pharmaceutical substrates. We also report a one-pot procedure for decarboxylative cross-coupling that merges catalytic LMCT borylation and palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura arylation, vinylation, or alkylation with organobromides to access a range of value-added products. The utility of these protocols is highlighted through the development of a heteroselective double-decarboxylative C(sp2)-C(sp2) coupling sequence, pairing copper-catalyzed LMCT borylation and halogenation processes of two distinct acids (including pharmaceutical substrates) with subsequent Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan W Dow
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - P Scott Pedersen
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Tiffany Q Chen
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David C Blakemore
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Anne-Marie Dechert-Schmitt
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Thomas Knauber
- Worldwide Research and Development, Pfizer, Inc., Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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18
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Kuehn L, Zapf L, Werner L, Stang M, Würtemberger-Pietsch S, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Lacôte E, Marder TB, Radius U. NHC induced radical formation via homolytic cleavage of B–B bonds and its role in organic reactions. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8321-8333. [PMID: 35919710 PMCID: PMC9297536 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02096c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New borylation methodologies have been reported recently, wherein diboron(4) compounds apparently participate in free radical couplings via the homolytic cleavage of the B–B bond. We report herein that bis-NHC adducts of the type (NHC)2·B2(OR)4, which are thermally unstable and undergo intramolecular ring expansion reactions (RER), are sources of boryl radicals of the type NHC–BR2˙, exemplified by Me2ImMe·Bneop˙ 1a (Me2ImMe = 1,3,4,5-tetramethyl-imidazolin-2-ylidene, neop = neopentylglycolato), which are formed by homolytic B–B bond cleavage. Attempts to apply the boryl moiety 1a in a metal-free borylation reaction by suppressing the RER failed. However, based on these findings, a protocol was developed using Me2ImMe·B2pin23 for the transition metal- and additive-free boryl transfer to substituted aryl iodides and bromides giving aryl boronate esters in good yields. Analysis of the side products and further studies concerning the reaction mechanism revealed that radicals are likely involved. An aryl radical was trapped by TEMPO, an EPR resonance, which was suggestive of a boron-based radical, was detected in situ, and running the reaction in styrene led to the formation of polystyrene. The isolation of a boronium cation side product, [(Me2ImMe)2·Bpin]+I−7, demonstrated the fate of the second boryl moiety of B2pin2. Interestingly, Me2ImMe NHC reacts with aryl iodides and bromides generating radicals. A mechanism for the boryl radical transfer from Me2ImMe·B2pin23 to aryl iodides and bromides is proposed based on these experimental observations. Bis-NHC adducts of the type (NHC)2·B2(OR)4 are sources of boryl radicals of the type NHC–BR2˙, which are formed by homolytic B–B bond cleavage.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kuehn
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ludwig Zapf
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Luis Werner
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Stang
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Würtemberger-Pietsch
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Emmanuel Lacôte
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, CNES, ArianeGroup, LHCEP, Bât. Raulin, 2 rue Victor Grignard, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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19
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Abstract
The enantioselective hydroboration of vinylarenes catalyzed by a chiral, nonracemic nickel catalyst is presented as a facile method for generating chiral benzylic boronate esters. Various vinylarenes react with bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2pin2) in the presence of MeOH as a hydride source to form chiral boronate esters in up to 92% yield with up to 94% ee. The use of anhydrous Me4NF to activate B2pin2 is crucial for ensuring fast transmetalation to achieve high enantioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai N Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Levi M Stanley
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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20
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Huang M, Tang M, Hu J, Westcott SA, Radius U, Marder TB. Cu-mediated vs. Cu-free selective borylation of aryl alkyl sulfones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:395-398. [PMID: 34901977 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06144e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A Cu-catalysed borylation of aryl alkyl sulfones was developed for the high yield synthesis of versatile arylboronic esters using a readily prepared NHC-Cu catalyst. In addition, the selective cleavage of either alkyl(C)-sulfonyl or aryl(C)-sulfonyl bonds of a cyclic sulfone via Cu-free or Cu-mediated processes generates the corresponding sulfinate salts, which can be further derivatised to provide sulfonyl-containing boronate esters, such as sulfones and sulfonyl fluorides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Huang
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany.
| | - Man Tang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jiefeng Hu
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany.
| | - Stephen A Westcott
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G8, Canada
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany.
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, Würzburg 97074, Germany.
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21
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Alam S, Karim R, Khan A, Pal AK, Maruani A. Copper‐Catalyzed Preparation of Alkenylboronates and Arylboronates. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Safiul Alam
- Department of Chemistry Aliah University IIA/27, New Town Kolkata 700160 India
| | - Rejaul Karim
- Department of Chemistry Aliah University IIA/27, New Town Kolkata 700160 India
| | - Aminur Khan
- Department of Chemistry Aliah University IIA/27, New Town Kolkata 700160 India
| | - Amarta Kumar Pal
- Centre for Advance Studies in Chemistry North-Eastern Hill University Mawlai Campus Shillong 793022 India
| | - Antoine Maruani
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques – UMR 8601 Université de Paris UFR Biomédicale 45 rue des Saints Pères Paris 75006 France
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22
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Carbó JJ, Fernández E. Alkoxide activation of tetra-alkoxy diboron reagents in C-B bond formation: a decade of unpredictable reactivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11935-11947. [PMID: 34704565 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05123g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Any attempt to facilitate a new generation of C-B bonds represents a useful tool in organic synthesis. In addition, if that approach highlights the nucleophilic character of boryl moieties in the absence of transition metal complexes, the challenge to create new reactive platforms becomes an opportunity. We have been deeply involved in the experimental and theoretical validation of C-B bond formation by means of alkoxide activation of tetra-alkoxy diboron reagents and here is presented a convenient guide to understand the concept and the applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge J Carbó
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Unversitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43007, Spain.
| | - Elena Fernández
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Unversitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), 43007, Spain.
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23
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Bose SK, Mao L, Kuehn L, Radius U, Nekvinda J, Santos WL, Westcott SA, Steel PG, Marder TB. First-Row d-Block Element-Catalyzed Carbon-Boron Bond Formation and Related Processes. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13238-13341. [PMID: 34618418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Organoboron reagents represent a unique class of compounds because of their utility in modern synthetic organic chemistry, often affording unprecedented reactivity. The transformation of the carbon-boron bond into a carbon-X (X = C, N, and O) bond in a stereocontrolled fashion has become invaluable in medicinal chemistry, agrochemistry, and natural products chemistry as well as materials science. Over the past decade, first-row d-block transition metals have become increasingly widely used as catalysts for the formation of a carbon-boron bond, a transformation traditionally catalyzed by expensive precious metals. This recent focus on alternative transition metals has enabled growth in fundamental methods in organoboron chemistry. This review surveys the current state-of-the-art in the use of first-row d-block element-based catalysts for the formation of carbon-boron bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhankar Kumar Bose
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS), Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Bangalore-562112, India
| | - Lujia Mao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, 571199 Haikou, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Laura Kuehn
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Nekvinda
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Webster L Santos
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Stephen A Westcott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mount Allison University, Sackville, NB E4L 1G8, Canada
| | - Patrick G Steel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, Science Laboratories South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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24
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Ming W, Soor HS, Liu X, Trofimova A, Yudin AK, Marder TB. α-Aminoboronates: recent advances in their preparation and synthetic applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:12151-12188. [PMID: 34585200 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00423a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
α-Aminoboronic acids and their derivatives are useful as bioactive agents. Thus far, three compounds containing an α-aminoboronate motif have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as protease inhibitors, and more are currently undergoing clinical trials. In addition, α-aminoboronic acids and their derivatives have found applications in organic synthesis, e.g. as α-aminomethylation reagents for the synthesis of chiral nitrogen-containing molecules, as nucleophiles for preparing valuable vicinal amino alcohols, and as bis-nucleophiles in the construction of valuable small molecule scaffolds. This review summarizes new methodology for the preparation of α-aminoboronates, including highlights of asymmetric synthetic methods and mechanistic explanations of reactivity. Applications of α-aminoboronates as versatile synthetic building blocks are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Ming
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Harjeet S Soor
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Xiaocui Liu
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Alina Trofimova
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Andrei K Yudin
- Davenport Research Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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25
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Huang M, Hu J, Krummenacher I, Friedrich A, Braunschweig H, Westcott SA, Radius U, Marder TB. Base-Mediated Radical Borylation of Alkyl Sulfones. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103866. [PMID: 34713940 PMCID: PMC9299846 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A practical and direct method was developed for the production of versatile alkylboronic esters via transition metal-free borylation of primary and secondary alkyl sulfones. The key to the success of the strategy is the use of bis(neopentyl glycolato) diboron (B 2 neop 2 ), with a stoichiometric amount of base as a promoter. The practicality and industrial potential of this protocol are highlighted by its wide functional group tolerance, the late-stage modification of complex compounds, no need for further transesterification, and operational simplicity. Radical clock, radical trap experiments, and EPR studies were conducted which show that the borylation process involves radical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Huang
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Jiefeng Hu
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg, Institute For Inorganic Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Stephen A Westcott
- Mount Allison University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, GERMANY
| | - Udo Radius
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg: Julius-Maximilians-Universitat Wurzburg, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, GERMANY
| | - Todd B Marder
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, GERMANY
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26
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Arrowsmith M, Endres S, Heinz M, Nestler V, Holthausen MC, Braunschweig H. Probing the Boundaries between Lewis-Basic and Redox Behavior of a Parent Borylene. Chemistry 2021; 27:17660-17668. [PMID: 34596278 PMCID: PMC9299150 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The parent borylene (CAAC)(Me3P)BH, 1 (CAAC=cyclic alkyl(amino)carbene), acts both as a Lewis base and one‐electron reducing agent towards group 13 trichlorides (ECl3, E=B, Al, Ga, In), yielding the adducts 1‐ECl3 and increasing proportions of the radical cation [1]•+ for the heavier group 13 analogues. With boron trihalides (BX3, X=F, Cl, Br, I) 1 undergoes sequential adduct formation and halide abstraction reactions to yield borylboronium cations and shows an increasing tendency towards redox processes for the heavier halides. Calculations confirm that 1 acts as a strong Lewis base towards EX3 and show a marked increase in the B−E bond dissociation energies down both group 13 and the halide group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merle Arrowsmith
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sara Endres
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Myron Heinz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Vincent Nestler
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Max C Holthausen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 7, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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27
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Drescher W, Kleeberg C. N-H deprotonation of a diaminodialkoxido diborane(4) - a structural study on bifunctional Lewis acids/bases and their dimerisation to B(sp 2) 2B(sp 3) 2N 2 six membered rings. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:13149-13157. [PMID: 34581355 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02327f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The N-H deprotonation of the diaminodialkoxido diborane(4) pinB-Bdab (1) (pin: (OCMe2)2, dab: 1,2-(NH)2C6H4), is crucial for the electrophilic N-functionalisation towards unsymmetrical diborane(4) reagents. An N-H deprotonated diborane(4) comprises Lewis basic nitrogen atoms and at the same time Lewis acidic boron atoms. This bifunctionality governs its reactivity and structural chemistry. Whilst bases such as Na(hmds), tBuLi or Li(tmp) readily effect a single deprotonation of 1, the second deprotonation is less straightforward and cleanly only achieved with Li(tmp) as a strong but little nucleophilic base. The N-H deprotonated diborane(4) derivatives readily dimerise to give B(sp2)2B(sp3)2N2 six-membered ring Lewis base adducts. The structural chemistry of this class of compounds was studied in detail in the solid state by single crystal X-ray diffraction as well as in solution by NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Drescher
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Christian Kleeberg
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
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28
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Jankins TC, Martin-Montero R, Cooper P, Martin R, Engle KM. Low-Valent Tungsten Catalysis Enables Site-Selective Isomerization-Hydroboration of Unactivated Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14981-14986. [PMID: 34498848 PMCID: PMC8958473 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A tungsten-catalyzed hydroboration of unactivated alkenes at distal C(sp3)-H bonds aided by native directing groups is described herein. The method is characterized by its simplicity, exquisite regio- and chemoselectivity, and wide substrate scope, offering a complementary site-selectivity pattern to other metal-catalyzed borylation reactions and chain-walking protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner C. Jankins
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, 92037, United States
| | - Raul Martin-Montero
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Phillippa Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, 92037, United States
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Keary M. Engle
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California, 92037, United States
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29
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Boyer SH, Gonzalez-de-Castro A, Dielemans JH, Lefort L, Zhu Z, Gnahn M, Schörghuber J, Steinhofer S, de Vries AHM, Hecker SJ. Scalable Synthesis of β-Lactamase Inhibitor QPX7728 by Sequential Nickel-Catalyzed Boron Insertion into a Benzofuran Substrate and Enantioselective Cyclopropanation of the Resulting Vinylboronate. Org Process Res Dev 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serge H. Boyer
- Qpex Biopharma Inc., 6275 Nancy Ridge Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | | | | | - Laurent Lefort
- Innosyn B.V., Urmonderbaan 22, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Zuolin Zhu
- Ampac Fine Chemicals, Highway 50 and Hazel Avenue, Rancho Cordova, California 95670, United States
| | - Matthias Gnahn
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Regensburg − ResCom, Donaustauferstraße 378, 93055 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia Schörghuber
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Austria, St.-Peter-Straße 25, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Stefan Steinhofer
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Austria, St.-Peter-Straße 25, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | | | - Scott J. Hecker
- Qpex Biopharma Inc., 6275 Nancy Ridge Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, California 92121, United States
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30
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O'Connor TJ, Mai BK, Nafie J, Liu P, Toste FD. Generation of Axially Chiral Fluoroallenes through a Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective β-Fluoride Elimination. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13759-13768. [PMID: 34465099 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report the copper-catalyzed silylation of propargylic difluorides to generate axially chiral, tetrasubstituted monofluoroallenes in both good yields (27 examples >80%) and enantioselectivities (82-98% ee). Compared to previously reported synthetic routes to axially chiral allenes (ACAs) from prochiral substrates, a mechanistically distinct reaction has been developed: the enantiodiscrimination between enantiotopic fluorides to set an axial stereocenter. DFT calculations and vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) suggest that β-fluoride elimination from an alkenyl copper intermediate likely proceeds through a syn-β-fluoride elimination pathway rather than an anti-elimination pathway. The effects of the C1-symmetric Josiphos-derived ligand on reactivity and enantioselectivity were investigated. Not only does this report showcase that alkenyl copper species (like their alkyl counterparts) can undergo β-fluoride elimination, but this elimination can be achieved in an enantioselective fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J O'Connor
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Binh Khanh Mai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jordan Nafie
- BioTools, Inc., 17546 Bee Line Highway, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - F Dean Toste
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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31
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Liu Z, Kole GK, Budiman YP, Tian Y, Friedrich A, Luo X, Westcott SA, Radius U, Marder TB. Transition Metal Catalyst‐Free, Base‐Promoted 1,2‐Additions of Polyfluorophenylboronates to Aldehydes and Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Liu
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Goutam Kumar Kole
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Department of Chemistry College of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology SRM Nagar Kattankulathur Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - Yudha P. Budiman
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Universitas Padjadjaran 45363 Jatinangor Indonesia
| | - Ya‐Ming Tian
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Xiaoling Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials College of Chemistry Chongqing Normal University Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Stephen A. Westcott
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Mount Allison University Sackville NB E4L 1G8 Canada
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Germany
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32
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Liu Z, Kole GK, Budiman YP, Tian Y, Friedrich A, Luo X, Westcott SA, Radius U, Marder TB. Transition Metal Catalyst-Free, Base-Promoted 1,2-Additions of Polyfluorophenylboronates to Aldehydes and Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16529-16538. [PMID: 33901332 PMCID: PMC8362073 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel protocol for the transition metal-free 1,2-addition of polyfluoroaryl boronate esters to aldehydes and ketones is reported, which provides secondary alcohols, tertiary alcohols, and ketones. Control experiments and DFT calculations indicate that both the ortho-F substituents on the polyfluorophenyl boronates and the counterion K+ in the carbonate base are critical. The distinguishing features of this procedure include the employment of commercially available starting materials and the broad scope of the reaction with a wide variety of carbonyl compounds giving moderate to excellent yields. Intriguing structural features involving O-H⋅⋅⋅O and O-H⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bonding, as well as arene-perfluoroarene interactions, in this series of racemic polyfluoroaryl carbinols have also been addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Liu
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Goutam Kumar Kole
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Department of ChemistryCollege of Engineering and TechnologySRM Institute of Science and TechnologySRM NagarKattankulathurTamil Nadu603203India
| | - Yudha P. Budiman
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversitas Padjadjaran45363JatinangorIndonesia
| | - Ya‐Ming Tian
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Xiaoling Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional MaterialsCollege of ChemistryChongqing Normal UniversityChongqing401331China
| | - Stephen A. Westcott
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryMount Allison UniversitySackvilleNBE4L 1G8Canada
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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33
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34
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Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed carbonylation reactions represent a direct and atom-economical approach to introduce oxygen functionality into organic compounds, with CO acting as an inexpensive and readily available C1 feedstock. Despite the long history of carbonylation catalysis, including many processes that have been industrialized at bulk scale, there remain several challenges to tackle. For example, noble metals such as Pd, Rh, and Ir are typically used as catalysts for carbonylation reactions, rather than earth-abundant alternatives. Additionally, while carbonylation of C(sp2)-hybridized substrates (e.g., aryl halides) is well-known, carbonylation of unactivated alkyl electrophiles, especially where β-hydride elimination can compete with desired CO migratory insertion at the catalyst site, remains challenging for many systems. Recently, base metal catalysis based on Mn, Co, and other metals has enabled advances in carbonylative coupling of alkyl electrophiles, though the nucleophiles are often limited to alcohols or amines to generate esters or amides as products. Thus, we have targeted base metal-catalyzed carbonylative C-C and C-E (E = N, H, Si, B) coupling reactions as a method for approaching diverse carbonyl compounds of synthetic importance.Initially, we designed a heterobimetallic catalyst platform for carbonylative C-C coupling of alkyl halides with arylboronic esters (i.e., carbonylative Suzuki-Miyaura coupling) to generate aryl alkyl ketones. Subsequently, we developed multicomponent carbonylation reactions of alkyl halides using NHC-Cu catalysts (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene). These reactions operate by radical mechanisms, converting alkyl halides into either acyl radical or acyl halide intermediates that undergo subsequent C-C or C-E coupling at the Cu site. This mechanistic paradigm is relatively novel in the metal-catalyzed carbonylation area, allowing us to discover a previously unexplored chemical space in carbonylative coupling catalysis. We have successfully developed the following reactions: (a) hydrocarbonylative coupling of alkynes with alkyl halides; (b) borocarbonylative coupling of alkynes with alkyl halides; (c) reductive aminocarbonylation of alkyl halides with nitroarenes; (d) reductive carbonylation of alkyl halides; (e) carbonylative silylation of alkyl halides; (f) carbonylative borylation of alkyl halides. These reactions provide a broad range of valuable products including ketones, allylic alcohols, β-borylenones, amides, alcohols, acylsilanes, and acylborons in an efficient manner. Notably, the preparation of some of these products has previously required multistep syntheses, harsh conditions, or specialized reagents. By contrast, the multicomponent coupling platform that we have developed requires only readily available building blocks and rapidly increases molecular complexity in a single synthetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jie Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Neal P. Mankad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
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35
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Jiao ZF, Tian YM, Guo XN, Radius U, Braunschweig H, Marder TB, Guo XY. Visible-light-driven graphene supported Cu/Pd alloy nanoparticle-catalyzed borylation of alkyl bromides and chlorides in air. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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36
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Tian YM, Guo XN, Braunschweig H, Radius U, Marder TB. Photoinduced Borylation for the Synthesis of Organoboron Compounds. Chem Rev 2021; 121:3561-3597. [PMID: 33596057 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organoboron compounds have important synthetic value and can be applied in numerous transformations. The development of practical and convenient ways to synthesize boronate esters has thus attracted significant interest. Photoinduced borylations originated from stoichiometric reactions of alkanes and arenes with well-defined metal-boryl complexes. Now, photoredox-initiated borylations, catalyzed by either transition metal or organic photocatalysts, and photochemical borylations with high efficiency have become a burgeoning area of research. In this Focus Review, we summarize research on photoinduced borylations, especially emphasizing recent developments and trends. This includes the photoinduced borylation of arenes, alkanes, aryl/alkyl halides, activated carboxylic acids, amines, alcohols, and so on based on transition metal catalysis, metal-free organocatalysis, and direct photochemical activation. We focus on reaction mechanisms involving single-electron transfer, triplet-energy transfer, and other radical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ming Tian
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Xiao-Ning Guo
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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37
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Shere H, Hill MS, Pécharman AF, Mahon MF. Reactivity of a magnesium diboranate with organic nitriles. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:1283-1292. [PMID: 33393542 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04016a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of complexes generated through reactions of the β-diketiminato magnesium diboranate species, [(BDI)Mg{(n-Bu)pinB-Bpin}] (BDI = HC{(Me)CNDipp}2; Dipp = 2,6-di-iso-propylphenyl), and a variety of organic nitriles are reported. Although, in every case, the diboranate anion acts as a surrogate source of the {Bpin} nucleophile, resulting in B-C bond formation at the electrophilic sp-hydridised nitrile carbon, the resultant compounds display a variable propensity to undergo subsequent reaction with additional nitrile equivalents. This behaviour is rationalised to be a consequence of substituent-dependent modulation in the basicity and resultant electrophilicity of magnesium-coordinated nitrile intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Shere
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | | | - Mary F Mahon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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38
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Cheng LJ, Zhao S, Mankad NP. One-Step Synthesis of Acylboron Compounds via Copper-Catalyzed Carbonylative Borylation of Alkyl Halides*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:2094-2098. [PMID: 33090619 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed carbonylative borylation of unactivated alkyl halides has been developed, enabling efficient synthesis of aliphatic potassium acyltrifluoroborates (KATs) in high yields by treating the in situ formed tetracoordinated acylboron intermediates with aqueous KHF2 . A variety of functional groups are tolerated under the mild reaction conditions, and primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl halides are all applicable. In addition, this method also provides facile access to N-methyliminodiacetyl (MIDA) acylboronates as well as α-methylated potassium acyltrifluoroborates in a one-pot manner. Mechanistic studies indicate a radical atom transfer carbonylation (ATC) mechanism to form acyl halide intermediates that are subsequently borylated by (NHC)CuBpin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jie Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Siling Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - Neal P Mankad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
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39
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Verma PK, Meher NK, Geetharani K. Homolytic cleavage of diboron(4) compounds using diazabutadiene derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7886-7889. [PMID: 34302163 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02881b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diazabutadiene derivatives have been identified as a distinct class of reagents, capable of cleaving B-B bonds of diboron(4). The cleavage is accompanied by the formation of a new C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bond and the product geometry is highly dependent on the substituents on the DAB units. Preliminary mechanistic investigations suggest a concerted mechanism and the absence of any radical intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Kumar Verma
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - Naresh Kumar Meher
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, 560012, India.
| | - K Geetharani
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore, 560012, India.
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40
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Xu JX, Wu FP, Wu XF. Rhodium-catalyzed borylative carbon monoxide reduction to gem-diborylmethane. CATAL COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2020.106205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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41
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Cheng L, Zhao S, Mankad NP. One‐Step Synthesis of Acylboron Compounds via Copper‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Borylation of Alkyl Halides**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Jie Cheng
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Siling Zhao
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Neal P. Mankad
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL 60607 USA
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42
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Tian YM, Guo XN, Krummenacher I, Wu Z, Nitsch J, Braunschweig H, Radius U, Marder TB. Visible-Light-Induced Ni-Catalyzed Radical Borylation of Chloroarenes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18231-18242. [PMID: 33026223 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A highly selective and general photoinduced C-Cl borylation protocol that employs [Ni(IMes)2] (IMes = 1,3-dimesitylimidazoline-2-ylidene) for the radical borylation of chloroarenes is reported. This photoinduced system operates with visible light (400 nm) and achieves borylation of a wide range of chloroarenes with B2pin2 at room temperature in excellent yields and with high selectivity, thereby demonstrating its broad utility and functional group tolerance. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the borylation reactions proceed via a radical process. EPR studies demonstrate that [Ni(IMes)2] undergoes very fast chlorine atom abstraction from aryl chlorides to give [NiI(IMes)2Cl] and aryl radicals. Control experiments indicate that light promotes the reaction of [NiI(IMes)2Cl] with aryl chlorides generating additional aryl radicals and [NiII(IMes)2Cl2]. The aryl radicals react with an anionic sp2-sp3 diborane [B2pin2(OMe)]- formed from B2pin2 and KOMe to yield the corresponding borylation product and the [Bpin(OMe)]•- radical anion, which reduces [NiII(IMes)2Cl2] under irradiation to regenerate [NiI(IMes)2Cl] and [Ni(IMes)2] for the next catalytic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ming Tian
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Xiao-Ning Guo
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Zhu Wu
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörn Nitsch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Todd B Marder
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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43
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Kuehn L, Eichhorn AF, Schmidt D, Marder TB, Radius U. NHC-stabilized copper(I) aryl complexes and their transmetalation reaction with aryl halides. J Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2020.121249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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44
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Wang M, Shi Z. Methodologies and Strategies for Selective Borylation of C-Het and C-C Bonds. Chem Rev 2020; 120:7348-7398. [PMID: 32597639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Organoborons have emerged as versatile building blocks in organic synthesis to achieve molecular diversity and as carboxylic acid bioisosteres with broad applicability in drug discovery. Traditionally, these compounds are prepared by the substitution of Grignard/lithium reagents with electrophilic boron species and Brown hydroboration. Recent developments have provided new routes for the efficient preparation of organoborons by applying reactions using chemical feedstocks with leaving groups. As compared to the previous methods that used organic halides (I, Br, and Cl), the direct borylation of less reactive C-Het and C-C bonds has become highly important to get efficiency and functional-group compatibility. This Review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of this topic, including (1) C-F bond borylation, (2) C-O bond borylation, (3) C-S bond borylation, (4) C-N bond borylation, and (5) C-C bond borylation. Considerable attention is given to the strategies and mechanisms involved. We expect that this Review will inspire chemists to discover more efficient transformations to expand this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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Schön F, Greb L, Kaifer E, Himmel H. Desymmetrization of Dicationic Diboranes by Isomerization Catalyzed by a Nucleophile. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:9127-9133. [PMID: 32181953 PMCID: PMC7317786 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cationic monoboranes exhibit a rich chemistry. By constrast, only a few cationic diboranes are known, that all are symmetrically substituted. In this work, the first unsymmetrically substituted dicationic diboranes, featuring sp2 -sp2 -hybridized boron atoms, are reported. The compounds are formed by intramolecular rearrangement from preceding isomeric symmetrically substituted dicationic diboranes, a process that is catalyzed by nucleophiles. From the temperature-dependence of the isomerization rate, activation parameters for this unprecedented rearrangement are derived. The difference in fluoride ion affinity between the two boron atoms and the bonding situation in these unique unsymmetrical dicationic diboranes are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schön
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Lutz Greb
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Hans‐Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
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46
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Huang Z, Wang S, Dewhurst RD, Ignat'ev NV, Finze M, Braunschweig H. Boron: Its Role in Energy-Related Processes and Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8800-8816. [PMID: 31625661 PMCID: PMC7317435 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Boron's unique position in the Periodic Table, that is, at the apex of the line separating metals and nonmetals, makes it highly versatile in chemical reactions and applications. Contemporary demand for renewable and clean energy as well as energy-efficient products has seen boron playing key roles in energy-related research, such as 1) activating and synthesizing energy-rich small molecules, 2) storing chemical and electrical energy, and 3) converting electrical energy into light. These applications are fundamentally associated with boron's unique characteristics, such as its electron-deficiency and the availability of an unoccupied p orbital, which allow the formation of a myriad of compounds with a wide range of chemical and physical properties. For example, boron's ability to achieve a full octet of electrons with four covalent bonds and a negative charge has led to the synthesis of a wide variety of borate anions of high chemical and electrochemical stability-in particular, weakly coordinating anions. This Review summarizes recent advances in the study of boron compounds for energy-related processes and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Huang
- School of Civil & Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Technology Sydney81 BroadwayUltimoNSW2007Australia
| | - Suning Wang
- Department of ChemistryQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioK7L 3N6Canada
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Nikolai V. Ignat'ev
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Merck KGaA64293DarmstadtGermany
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryJulius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB)Julius-Maximilians-Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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47
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Schön F, Greb L, Kaifer E, Himmel H. Desymmetrization of Dicationic Diboranes by Isomerization Catalyzed by a Nucleophile. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schön
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Lutz Greb
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Hans‐Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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48
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Liu X, Ming W, Luo X, Friedrich A, Maier J, Radius U, Santos WL, Marder TB. Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,1-Diborylalkenes via Brønsted Base-Catalyzed Mixed Diboration of Alkynyl Esters and Amides with BpinBdan. European J Org Chem 2020; 2020:1941-1946. [PMID: 32362780 PMCID: PMC7187442 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The NaOtBu-catalyzed mixed 1,1-diboration of terminal alkynes using the unsymmetrical diboron reagent BpinBdan (pin = pinacolato; dan = 1,8-diaminonaphthalene) proceeds in a regio- and stereoselective fashion affording moderate to high yields of 1,1-diborylalkenes bearing orthogonal boron protecting groups. It is applicable to gram-scale synthesis without loss of yield or selectivity. The mixed 1,1-diborylalkene products can be utilized in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions which take place selectivly at the C-B site. DFT calculations suggest the NaOtBu-catalyzed mixed 1,1-diboration of alkynes occurs through deprotonation of the terminal alkyne, stepwise addition of BpinBdan to the terminal carbon followed by protonation with tBuOH. Experimentally observed selective formation of (Z)-diborylalkenes is supported by our theoretical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Liu
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Wenbo Ming
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Xiaoling Luo
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional MaterialsCollege of ChemistryChongqing Normal University401331ChongqingChina
| | - Alexandra Friedrich
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Jan Maier
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Udo Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
| | - Webster L. Santos
- Department of ChemistryCollege of ChemistryVirginia Tech900 West Campus Drive24061BlacksburgVirginiaUSA
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with BoronJulius‐Maximilians‐Universität WürzburgAm Hubland97074WürzburgGermany
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Huang Z, Wang S, Dewhurst RD, Ignat'ev NV, Finze M, Braunschweig H. Bor in energiebezogenen Prozessen und Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Huang
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering University of Technology Sydney 81 Broadway Ultimo NSW 2007 Australien
| | - Suning Wang
- Department of Chemistry Queen's University Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Kanada
| | - Rian D. Dewhurst
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Nikolai V. Ignat'ev
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Merck KGaA 64293 Darmstadt Deutschland
| | - Maik Finze
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
- Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB) Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg Am Hubland 97074 Würzburg Deutschland
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50
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Kuciński K, Hreczycho G. Potassium Fluoride-Catalyzed Hydroboration of Aldehydes and Ketones: Facile Reduction to Primary and Secondary Alcohols. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Kuciński
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań; Ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Grzegorz Hreczycho
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań; Ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 61-614 Poznań Poland
- Center for Advanced Technologies; Adam Mickiewicz University; Ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10 61-614 Poznań Poland
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