1
|
Álvarez-Ruiz E, Sancho I, Navarro M, Fernández I, Santamaría C, Hernán-Gómez A. A Mixed-Valence Ti(II)/Ti(III) Inverted Sandwich Compound as a Regioselective Catalyst for the Uncommon 1,3,5-Alkyne Cyclotrimerization. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:8642-8653. [PMID: 38690944 PMCID: PMC11094787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis, structure, and catalytic activity of a Ti(II)/Ti(III) inverted sandwich compound are presented in this study. Synthesis of the arene-bridged dititanium compound begins with the preparation of the titanium(IV) precursor [TiCl2(MesPDA)(thf)2] (MesPDA = N,N'-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-o-phenylenediamide) (2). The reduction of 2 with sodium metal results in species [{Ti(MesPDA)(thf)}2(μ-Cl)3{Na}] (3) in oxidation state III. To achieve the lower oxidation state II, 2 undergoes reduction through alkylation with lithium cyclopentyl. This alkylation approach triggers a cascade of reactions, including β-hydride abstraction/elimination, hydrogen evolution, and chemical reduction, to generate the Ti(II)/Ti(III) compound [Li(thf)4][(TiMesPDA)2(μ-η6: η6-C6H6)] (4). X-ray and EPR characterization confirms the mixed-valence states of the titanium species. Compound 4 catalyzes a mild, efficient, and regiospecific cyclotrimerization of alkynes to form 1,3,5-substituted arenes. Kinetic data support a mechanism involving a binuclear titanium arene compound, similar to compound 4, as the resting state. The active catalyst promotes the oxidative coupling of two alkynes in the rate-limiting step, followed by a rapid [4 + 2] cycloaddition to form the arene product. Computational analysis of the resting state for the cycloaddition of trimethylsilylacetylene indicates a thermodynamic preference for stabilizing the 1,3,5-arene within the space between the two [TiMesPDA] fragments, consistent with the observed regioselectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Álvarez-Ruiz
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica,
Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés
M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad
de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid E-28805, Spain
| | - Ignacio Sancho
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica,
Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés
M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad
de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid E-28805, Spain
| | - Marta Navarro
- Departamento
de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica,
Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Cristina Santamaría
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica,
Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés
M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad
de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid E-28805, Spain
| | - Alberto Hernán-Gómez
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica,
Instituto de Investigación Química “Andrés
M. del Río” (IQAR), Universidad
de Alcalá, Campus Universitario, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid E-28805, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gabdullin AM, Kadikova RN, Mozgovoj OS, Ramazanov IR. TaCl
5
‐Catalyzed Amidation of Carboxylic Acids with Amines. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Azat M. Gabdullin
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis Ufa Federal Research Center Russian Academy of Sciences 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya Ufa 450075 Russian Federation
| | - Rita N. Kadikova
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis Ufa Federal Research Center Russian Academy of Sciences 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya Ufa 450075 Russian Federation
| | - Oleg S. Mozgovoj
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis Ufa Federal Research Center Russian Academy of Sciences 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya Ufa 450075 Russian Federation
| | - Ilfir R. Ramazanov
- Institute of Petrochemistry and Catalysis Ufa Federal Research Center Russian Academy of Sciences 141 Prospekt Oktyabrya Ufa 450075 Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alkyne Coupling and Cyclization on Metal Cluster Complexes. Additions and Couplings of Dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate to Ru6(μ6-C)(CO)14(μ3-η4-C4H4). J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
4
|
Arepally S, Nandhakumar P, González-Montiel GA, Dzhaparova A, Kim G, Ma A, Nam KM, Yang H, Ha-Yeon Cheong P, Park JK. Unified Electrochemical Synthetic Strategy for [2 + 2 + 2] Cyclotrimerizations: Construction of 1,3,5- and 1,2,4-Trisubstituted Benzenes from Ni(I)-Mediated Reduction of Alkynes. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Arepally
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Ponnusamy Nandhakumar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | | | - Alina Dzhaparova
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Gyeongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Ahyeon Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Ki Min Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Haesik Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Paul Ha-Yeon Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331, United States
| | - Jin Kyoon Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fan JT, Fan XH, Gao CY, Wei J, Yang LM. Regioselectively switchable alkyne cyclotrimerization catalyzed by the system of Ni(II)/bidentate P-ligand/Zn with ZnI 2 as additive. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01913a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple catalyst system of Ni(PPh3)2Cl2/dppb or dppm/Zn can effect an efficient and regioselectively controlled alkyne cyclotrimerization to form 1,2,4- (with no additive) or 1,3,5-regioisomers (with the use of ZnI2...
Collapse
|
6
|
Sahoo P, Majumdar M. Reductively disilylated N-heterocycles as versatile organosilicon reagents. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:1281-1296. [PMID: 34889336 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03331j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The reductively disilylated N-heterocyclic systems 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1-aza-2,5-cyclohexadiene (1Si), 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-dihydropyrazine (2Si) and its methyl derivatives (3Si and 4Si), and 1,1'-bis(trimethylsilyl)-4,4'-bipyridinylidene (5Si) are proficient organosilicon reagents owing to their low first vertical ionization potentials and the heterophilicity of the polarized N-Si bonds. These have prompted their reactivity as two-electron reductants or reductive silylations. These reactions benefit from the concomitant rearomatization of the N-heterocycles and liberation of trimethylsilyl halides or (Me3Si)2O, which are mostly volatile or easily removable byproducts. In this perspective, we have discussed the utilization of these reductively disilylated N-heterocyclic systems as versatile reagents in the salt-free reduction of transition metals (A) and main-group halides (B), in organic transformations (C) and in materials syntheses (D).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Padmini Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Moumita Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune-411008, Maharashtra, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Huang Z, Zheng Y, Zhong M. Transmetalation Reactions of Aromatic Dilithionickelole: Synthesis of Heterobimetallic Complexes Featuring Metalloles as Diene Ligands. Chemistry 2021; 27:15967-15972. [PMID: 34569115 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aromatic metallole dianions are important metallaaromatic compounds because of their various reactivities and extensive synthetic applications. Herein we report the reactions of dilithionickelole with MgCl2 , EtAlCl2 , Cp*ScCl2 , Cp*LuCl2 and Pt(COD)Cl2 (COD=1,5-cyclooctadiene) affording a series of Ni/M heterobimetallic complexes of the general formula (η4 -C4 R4 M)Ni(COD), in which the metalloles act as diene ligands, as suggested by single-crystal X-ray, NMR and theoretical analyses. In these reactions, two electrons of the nickelole dianion transferred to Ni, representing different reactivity compared with main-group metallole dianions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Huang
- College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mingdong Zhong
- College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sueyoshi S, Taniguchi T, Tanaka S, Asakawa H, Nishimura T, Maeda K. Understanding the Polymerization of Diphenylacetylenes with Tantalum(V) Chloride and Cocatalysts: Production of Cyclic Poly(diphenylacetylene)s by Low-Valent Tantalum Species Generated in Situ. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:16136-16146. [PMID: 34499837 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A systematic investigation of the polymerization of representative diphenylacetylenes with TaCl5 and cocatalysts suggested that low-valent Ta species, which are formed by in situ reduction of TaCl5 by the cocatalysts, are involved in the polymerization and that the polymerization reaction proceeds by an insertion ring expansion mechanism via the formation of tantalacyclopentadiene intermediates, rather than the previously considered metathesis mechanism. This polymerization mechanism indicates the production of unprecedented cis-stereoregular cyclic poly(diphenylacetylene)s. Indeed, the possibilities of a cyclic structure and high cis-stereoregularity of the resulting polymers were reasonably supported by the results of their detailed atomic force microscopy (AFM) and NMR analyses, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shingyo Sueyoshi
- Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Taniguchi
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Saki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Asakawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.,Nanomaterials Research Institute (NanoMaRi), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.,Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nishimura
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Maeda
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.,Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Roglans A, Pla-Quintana A, Solà M. Mechanistic Studies of Transition-Metal-Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions. Chem Rev 2020; 121:1894-1979. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Roglans
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, E-17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Anna Pla-Quintana
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, E-17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Miquel Solà
- Institut de Quı́mica Computacional i Catàlisi (IQCC) and Departament de Quı́mica, Universitat de Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 69, E-17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ohki Y, Ishihara K, Yaoi M, Tada M, Sameera WMC, Cramer RE. A dinuclear Mo 2H 8 complex supported by bulky C 5H 2tBu 3 ligands. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8035-8038. [PMID: 32691780 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03274c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hydride-bridged transition metal complexes have been found to serve as suitable precursors for the activation of small molecules without the use of reducing agents. In this study, we synthesized a dinuclear Mo2H8 complex supported by bulky C5H2tBu3 (Cp‡) ligands, Cp‡2Mo2H8 (1), from the reaction of Cp‡MoCl4 with KC8 under H2. The hydrides of complex 1 can be replaced with benzene at 60 °C to afford a μ-benzene complex Cp‡2Mo2H2(μ-C6H6) (2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ohki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
| | - Kodai Ishihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
| | - Moeko Yaoi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan.
| | - Mizuki Tada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan. and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Japan
| | - W M C Sameera
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Roger E Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822-2275, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Witzke RJ, Hait D, Chakarawet K, Head-Gordon M, Tilley TD. Bimetallic Mechanism for Alkyne Cyclotrimerization with a Two-Coordinate Fe Precatalyst. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c01828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Witzke
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Diptarka Hait
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Khetpakorn Chakarawet
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - T. Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Orsino AF, Moret ME. Nickel-Catalyzed Alkyne Cyclotrimerization Assisted by a Hemilabile Acceptor Ligand: A Computational Study. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio F. Orsino
- Utrecht University, Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc-Etienne Moret
- Utrecht University, Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Faculty of Science, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yu C, Ma W, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Mono- and Bis-Titanium Complexes Bridged by 2-Butene Tetraanion: Synthesis and Structural Characterization. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wangyang Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry (SIOC), Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Manßen M, Schafer LL. Titanium catalysis for the synthesis of fine chemicals – development and trends. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6947-6994. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00229a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Atlas as a Titan(ium) is holding the earth-abundant chemistry world. Titanium is the second most abundant transition metal, is a key player in important industrial processes (e.g. polyethylene) and shows much promise for diverse applications in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Manßen
- The Department of Chemistry
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- The Department of Chemistry
- The University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li N, Zhao Z, Yu C, Wu B, Bian Z, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Alkaline-earth metallacyclic complexes bearing a diborane-bridged tetraamide ligand: synthesis, structure and fluorescence property. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:9067-9071. [PMID: 31180397 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02118c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of alkaline-earth (Mg, Ca, and Sr) metallacyclic complexes bearing a diborane-bridged tetraamide ligand were achieved for the first time through a clean one-step approach. All of these metallacycles were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. UV-Vis absorption/emission spectroscopy showed deep blue fluorescence of these complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Beagan DM, Huerfano IJ, Polezhaev AV, Caulton KG. Reductive Silylation Using a Bis-silylated Diaza-2,5-cyclohexadiene. Chemistry 2019; 25:8105-8111. [PMID: 30994211 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
1,4-Bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,4-diaza-2,5-cyclohexadiene, 1, was tested as a reagent for the reductive silylation of various unsaturated functionalities, including N-heterocycles, quinones, and other redox-active moieties in addition to deoxygenation of main group oxides. Whereas most reactions tested are thermodynamically favorable, based on DFT calculations, a few do not occur, perhaps giving limited insight on the mechanism of this very attractive reductive process. Of note, reductive silylation reactions show a strong solvent dependence where a polar solvent facilitates conversions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Beagan
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - I J Huerfano
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | | | - Kenneth G Caulton
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tsurugi H, Mashima K. Salt-Free Reduction of Transition Metal Complexes by Bis(trimethylsilyl)cyclohexadiene, -dihydropyrazine, and -4,4'-bipyridinylidene Derivatives. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:769-779. [PMID: 30794373 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chemical reduction of transition metals provides the corresponding low-valent transition metal species as a key step for generating catalytically active species in metal-assisted organic transformations and is a fundamental unit reaction for preparing organometallic complexes. A variety of metal-based reductants, such as metal powders and organometallic reagents of alkali and alkaline-earth metals, have been developed to date to access low-valent metal species. During the reduction, however, reductant-derived metal salts are formed as reaction waste, some of which often interact with the reactive low-valent metal center, thereby disrupting the catalytic performance and hampering the isolation of organometallic complexes as a result of salt coordination to the coordinatively unsaturated vacant and active sites and the formation of thermally unstable ate complexes. In this Account, we emphasize the synthetic utility and versatility of organic reductants containing two trimethylsilyl groups, i.e., 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)cyclohexa-2,5-diene (1a) and its methyl derivative (1b), 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)dihydropyrazine (2a) and its dimethyl (2b) and tetramethyl (2c) derivatives, and 1,1'-bis(trimethylsilyl)-4,4'-bipyridinylidene (3), leading to the reduction of various kinds of metal compounds in a salt-free fashion by release of two electrons together with the coproduction of easily removable (hetero)aromatics and trimethylsilyl derivatives from these organic reductants 1-3. When homoleptic chlorides of group 5 and 6 metals are treated with 1a and 1b, in situ-generated highly reactive low-valent metal species react with redox-active molecules such as ethylene, α-diimines, and α-diketones to produce metallacyclopentane, (ene-diamido)metal, and (ene-diolato)metal complexes, respectively. The advantage of the salt-free protocol is further exemplified in the low-valent titanocene-catalyzed Reformatsky-type reaction when 2c is used as a reductant: the yield of the product using the organosilicon reductant is higher than that when manganese powder is used as the reductant for the catalytic Reformatsky-type reaction of ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate and its derivatives with various aldehydes. Moreover, when halides, carboxylates, and acetylacetonate compounds of late transition metals and main-group elements are treated with the organosilicon reductant 2c, metal(0) particles are smoothly precipitated under mild conditions. Among them, metallic nickel(0) nanoparticles are applicable to reductive biaryl formation and reductive cross-coupling of aryl halides/aryl aldehydes. In addition, reduction of the heterogeneous catalysts on a solid supporting matrix was also achieved by this salt-free reduction method; volatile byproducts are easily removed from the catalyst surface without suppressing the catalytic performance. Thus, the salt-free reduction strategy is a very powerful synthetic method that can be extended to various metals throughout the periodic table.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Tsurugi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Laskar P, Yamamoto K, Nishi K, Ikeda H, Tsurugi H, Mashima K. Cβ–Cβ Bond Fission of Metallacyclopentadiene over a Low-Valent Ditantalum Scaffold. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Payel Laskar
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Keishi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kohei Nishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ikeda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hayato Tsurugi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shen L, Zhao Y, Luo Q, Li QS, Liu B, Redshaw C, Wu B, Yang XJ. Cyclotrimerization of alkynes catalyzed by a self-supported cyclic tri-nuclear nickel(0) complex with α-diimine ligands. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:4643-4649. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00819e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The cyclic tri-nickel(0) complex [{Ni(μ-LMe-2,4)}3] (LMe-2,4 = [(2,4-Me2C6H3)NC(Me)]2) self-supported by the α-diimines catalyzes cyclotrimerization of alkynes to form substituted benzenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Yanxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Qiong Luo
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- China
| | - Qian-Shu Li
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry
- South China Normal University
- Guangzhou 510631
- China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Biao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Xiao-Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Beaumier EP, Pearce AJ, See XY, Tonks IA. Modern applications of low-valent early transition metals in synthesis and catalysis. Nat Rev Chem 2019; 3:15-34. [PMID: 30989127 PMCID: PMC6462221 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-018-0059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Low-valent early transition metals are often intrinsically highly reactive as a result of their strong propensity toward oxidation to more stable high-valent states. Harnessing these highly reducing complexes for productive reactivity is potentially powerful for C-C bond construction, organic reductions, small-molecule activation and many other reactions that offer orthogonal chemoselectivity and/or regioselectivity patterns to processes promoted by late transition metals. Recent years have seen many exciting new applications of low-valent metals through building new catalytic and/or multicomponent reaction manifolds out of classical reactivity patterns. In this Review, we survey new methods that employ early transition metals and invoke low-valent precursors or intermediates in order to identify common themes and strategies in synthesis and catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan P. Beaumier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Adam J. Pearce
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Xin Yi See
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ian A. Tonks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fostvedt JI, Lohrey TD, Bergman RG, Arnold J. Structural diversity in multinuclear tantalum polyhydrides formed via reductive hydrogenolysis of metal–carbon bonds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:13263-13266. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc07686g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Put the methyl to the metal: hydrogenolysis of metal–carbon bonds offers controlled access to low-valent early metal complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John Arnold
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Sasakura K, Okamoto K, Ohe K. Incorporation of Monatomic Cations onto an Ir–Ir Bond in a Dimeric Iridium(II) Complex Having a 1,3-Diene-1,4-diyl Backbone. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Sasakura
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Okamoto
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kouichi Ohe
- Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
McGlinchey MJ. Hexaethylbenzene: A Sterically Crowded Arene and Conformationally Versatile Ligand. Chempluschem 2018; 83:480-499. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
24
|
Ma W, Yu C, Chen T, Xu L, Zhang WX, Xi Z. Metallacyclopentadienes: synthesis, structure and reactivity. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:1160-1192. [PMID: 28119972 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00525j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metallacyclopentadienes, which possess two M-C(sp2) bonds and feature the structure of M(C[upper bond 1 start]R1[double bond, length as m-dash]CR2-CR3[double bond, length as m-dash]C[upper bond 1 end]R4), are an important class of five-membered metallacycles. They are considered as both reactive intermediates in the stoichiometric and catalytic transformations of organic molecules and useful precursors to main group element compounds, and have received considerable attention in organometallic chemistry, coordination chemistry and synthetic organic chemistry over the past six decades because of their unique metallacyclic structure. This review comprehensively presents the synthesis, structure and reactivity of the s-, p-, d- and f-block metallacyclopentadienes distributed in the whole periodic table. In addition, their application in synthetic organic chemistry and polymer chemistry is summarized. This review aims to be beneficial for the design and synthesis of novel metallacyclopentadienes, and for promoting the rapid development of metallacyclic chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wangyang Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Chao Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Tianyang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Wen-Xiong Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. and State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhenfeng Xi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Multiply-bonded dinuclear complexes of early-transition metals as minimum entities of metal cluster catalysts. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
26
|
Huang YS, Huang GT, Liu YL, Yu JSK, Tsai YC. Reversible Cleavage/Formation of the Chromium-Chromium Quintuple Bond in the Highly Regioselective Alkyne Cyclotrimerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15427-15431. [PMID: 29045761 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the employment of the quintuply bonded dichromium amidinates [Cr{κ2 -HC(N-2,6-i Pr2 C6 H3 )(N-2,6-R2 C6 H3 )}]2 (R=iPr (1), Me (7)) as catalysts to mediate the [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization of terminal alkynes giving 1,3,5-trisubstituted benzenes. During the catalysis, the ultrashort Cr-Cr quintuple bond underwent reversible cleavage/formation, corroborated by the characterization of two inverted arene sandwich dichromium complexes (μ-η6 :η6 -1,3,5-(Me3 Si)3 C6 H3 )[Cr{κ2 -HC(N-2,6-i Pr2 C6 H3 )(N-2,6-R2 C6 H3 )}]2 (R=i Pr (5), Me (8)). In the presence of σ donors, such as THF and 2,4,6-Me3 C6 H2 CN, the bridging arene 1,3,5-(Me3 Si)3 C6 H3 in 5 and 8 was extruded and 1 and 7 were regenerated. Theoretical calculations were employed to disclose the reaction pathways of these highly regioselective [2+2+2] cylcotrimerization reactions of terminal alkynes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Siang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research, Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences and Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Guang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Gou-Tao Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology and Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Lun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research, Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences and Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Guang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Shiang K Yu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology and Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, 75 Bo-Ai Street, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chou Tsai
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research, Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences and Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Guang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Huang YS, Huang GT, Liu YL, Yu JSK, Tsai YC. Reversible Cleavage/Formation of the Chromium-Chromium Quintuple Bond in the Highly Regioselective Alkyne Cyclotrimerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Siang Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research; Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences and Matters; National Tsing Hua University; 101, Sec. 2, Guang-Fu Road Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| | - Gou-Tao Huang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology and Department of Biological Science and Technology; National Chiao Tung University; 75 Bo-Ai Street Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| | - Yao-Lun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research; Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences and Matters; National Tsing Hua University; 101, Sec. 2, Guang-Fu Road Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| | - Jen-Shiang K. Yu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology and Department of Biological Science and Technology; National Chiao Tung University; 75 Bo-Ai Street Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chou Tsai
- Department of Chemistry and Frontier Research; Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences and Matters; National Tsing Hua University; 101, Sec. 2, Guang-Fu Road Hsinchu 300 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kwon DH, Proctor M, Mendoza S, Uyeda C, Ess DH. Catalytic Dinuclear Nickel Spin Crossover Mechanism and Selectivity for Alkyne Cyclotrimerization. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Doo-Hyun Kwon
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Matthew Proctor
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Sergio Mendoza
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| | - Christopher Uyeda
- Department
of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Daniel H. Ess
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hollingsworth RL, Bheemaraju A, Lenca N, Lord RL, Groysman S. Divergent reactivity of a new dinuclear xanthene-bridged bis(iminopyridine) di-nickel complex with alkynes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:5605-5616. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04532d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new di-nickel complex supported by a relatively flexible xanthene-bridged bis(iminopyridine) ligand is reported and its reactivity in alkyne cycloaddition is investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nicole Lenca
- Lumigen Instrument Center
- Department of Chemistry
- Wayne State University
- Detroit
- USA
| | - Richard L. Lord
- Department of Chemistry
- Grand Valley State University
- Allendale
- USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Laskar P, Yamamoto K, Srinivas A, Mifleur A, Nagae H, Tsurugi H, Mashima K. Tantallacyclopentadiene as a unique metal-containing diene ligand coordinated to nickel for preparing tantalum–nickel heterobimetallic complexes. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:13043-13054. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02481a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mononuclear tantallacyclopentadiene, TaCl3(C4H2tBu2), coordinates to Ni to form heterobimetallic complexes of Cl3Ta(μ-C4H2tBu2)Ni(L) (L = COD, phosphines, IPr).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Payel Laskar
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Keishi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Anga Srinivas
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Alexis Mifleur
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Haruki Nagae
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Hayato Tsurugi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yamamoto K, Higashida K, Nagae H, Tsurugi H, Mashima K. Synthesis and Characterization of Heterobimetallic Tantalum-Rhodium and Tantalum-Iridium Complexes Connected by a Tantalacyclopentadiene Fragment. Helv Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201600180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Kosuke Higashida
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Haruki Nagae
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Hayato Tsurugi
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of Chemistry; Graduate School of Engineering Science; Osaka University; Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bottari G, Santos LL, Posadas CM, Campos J, Mereiter K, Paneque M. Reaction of [TpRh(C2 H4 )2 ] with Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate: Identification of Intermediates of the [2+2+2] Alkyne and Alkyne-Ethylene Cyclo(co)trimerizations. Chemistry 2016; 22:13715-23. [PMID: 27535720 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The reaction between the bis(ethylene) complex [TpRh(C2 H4 )2 ], 1, (Tp=hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borate), and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) has been studied under different experimental conditions. A mixture of products was formed, in which TpRh(I) species were prevalent, whereas the presence of trapping agents, like water or acetonitrile, allowed for the stabilization and isolation of octahedral TpRh(III) compounds. An excess of DMAD gave rise to a small amount of the [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization product hexamethyl mellitate (6). Although no catalytic application of 1 was achieved, mechanistic insights shed light on the formation of stable rhodium species representing the resting state of the catalytic cycle of rhodium-mediated [2+2+2] cyclo(co)trimerization reactions. Metallacyclopentene intermediate species, generated from the activation of one alkyne and one ethylene molecule from 1, and metallacyclopentadiene species, formed by oxidative coupling of two alkynes to the rhodium centre, are crucial steps in the pathways leading to the final organometallic and organic products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Bottari
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Laura L Santos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Cristina M Posadas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jesús Campos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Kurt Mereiter
- Department of Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/164SC, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarita Paneque
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kamei M, Watanabe K, Fuji M, Obora Y. Selective Intermolecular [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Terminal Alkynes and Alkenes by NbCl5as a Catalyst Precursor. CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.160481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
34
|
Yamamoto K, Nagae H, Tsurugi H, Mashima K. Synthesis and Reactions of Ditantalum—Allyl Complexes Derived from Intramolecular C–H Bond Activation of the Methylene of the Ethyl Group Bound to Ditantallacyclopentadiene. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Haruki Nagae
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hayato Tsurugi
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yamamoto K, Tsurugi H, Mashima K. Alkyne-Induced Facile C–C Bond Formation of Two η2-Alkynes on Dinuclear Tantalum Bis(alkyne) Complexes To Give Dinuclear Tantalacyclopentadienes. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hayato Tsurugi
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of Chemistry,
Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yamamoto K, Nagae H, Tsurugi H, Mashima K. Mechanistic understanding of alkyne cyclotrimerization on mononuclear and dinuclear scaffolds: [4 + 2] cycloaddition of the third alkyne onto metallacyclopentadienes and dimetallacyclopentadienes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:17072-17081. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03389j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We summarized mechanistic investigations for transition metal-catalyzed alkyne cyclotrimerization in terms of mononuclear and dinuclear complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keishi Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Haruki Nagae
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Hayato Tsurugi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Kazushi Mashima
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|