1
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Dutta J, Bera A, Upadhyay A, Yadav AK, Banerjee S, Sarkar T, Hussain A. Photoactivated Anticancer Activity of Cobalt(III) Complexes with Naturally Occurring Flavonoids Chrysin and Silibinin. Chembiochem 2024:e202400484. [PMID: 38962951 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Photoactive metal complexes of bioessential transition metal ions with natural chelators are gaining interest as photocytotoxic agents for cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT). We report six new cobalt(III) complexes with a mixed-ligand formulation [Co(B)2(L)](ClO4)2 (Co1-Co6), where B represents a N,N-donor α-diimine ligand, namely, phenanthroline (phen; Co1, Co2), dipyrido[3,2-d:2',3'-f]quinoxaline (dpq; Co3, Co4), and dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz; Co5, Co6), and L is the monoanionic form of the naturally occurring flavonoids chrysin (chry; Co1, Co3, Co5) and silibinin (sili; Co2, Co4, Co6). Complexes displayed a d-d absorption band within 500-700 nm and exhibited excellent dark and photostability in solution. Cytotoxicity studies indicated significant activity of Co5 and Co6 against cervical (HeLa) and lung (A549) cancer cells under visible light (400-700 nm) irradiation giving low micromolar IC50 values (2.3-3.4 μM, phototoxicity index~15-30). The complexes demonstrated notably low toxicity against normal HPL1D lung epithelial cells. Flow cytometry assay revealed an apoptotic mode of cell damage triggered by the complexes when irradiated. ROS generation assay indicated the involvement of singlet oxygen species in the cell death mechanism when irradiated with light. Overall, complexes Co5 and Co6 with coordinated dipyridophenazine and flavonoid ligands are potential candidates for cancer PDT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirmoy Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Handique Girls' College, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India
| | - Arpan Bera
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Aarti Upadhyay
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560012, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Tukki Sarkar
- Department of Fluoro-Agrochemicals, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Akhtar Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Handique Girls' College, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India
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2
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Milunovic MM, Ohui K, Besleaga I, Petrasheuskaya TV, Dömötör O, Enyedy ÉA, Darvasiova D, Rapta P, Barbieriková Z, Vegh D, Tóth S, Tóth J, Kucsma N, Szakács G, Popović-Bijelić A, Zafar A, Reynisson J, Shutalev AD, Bai R, Hamel E, Arion VB. Copper(II) Complexes with Isomeric Morpholine-Substituted 2-Formylpyridine Thiosemicarbazone Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Drugs Inhibiting Both Ribonucleotide Reductase and Tubulin Polymerization: The Morpholine Position Matters. J Med Chem 2024; 67:9069-9090. [PMID: 38771959 PMCID: PMC11181322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The development of copper(II) thiosemicarbazone complexes as potential anticancer agents, possessing dual functionality as inhibitors of R2 ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) and tubulin polymerization by binding at the colchicine site, presents a promising avenue for enhancing therapeutic effectiveness. Herein, we describe the syntheses and physicochemical characterization of four isomeric proligands H2L3-H2L6, with the methylmorpholine substituent at pertinent positions of the pyridine ring, along with their corresponding Cu(II) complexes 3-6. Evidently, the position of the morpholine moiety and the copper(II) complex formation have marked effects on the in vitro antiproliferative activity in human uterine sarcoma MES-SA cells and the multidrug-resistant derivative MES-SA/Dx5 cells. Activity correlated strongly with quenching of the tyrosyl radical (Y•) of mouse R2 RNR protein, inhibition of RNR activity in the cancer cells, and inhibition of tubulin polymerization. Insights into the mechanism of antiproliferative activity, supported by experimental results and molecular modeling calculations, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katerina Ohui
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Iuliana Besleaga
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Tatsiana V. Petrasheuskaya
- Department
of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence
Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7-8, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE
Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Dömötör
- Department
of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence
Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7-8, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE
Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Éva A. Enyedy
- Department
of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence
Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7-8, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
- MTA-SZTE
Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, Szeged H-6720, Hungary
| | - Denisa Darvasiova
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and
Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology
in Bratislava, Bratislava SK-81237, Slovakia
| | - Peter Rapta
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and
Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology
in Bratislava, Bratislava SK-81237, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Barbieriková
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and
Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology
in Bratislava, Bratislava SK-81237, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Vegh
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava SK-81237, Slovakia
| | - Szilárd Tóth
- Institute
of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Research Network, Magyar Tudósok körútja
2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Judit Tóth
- Institute
of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Research Network, Magyar Tudósok körútja
2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Nóra Kucsma
- Institute
of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Research Network, Magyar Tudósok körútja
2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Gergely Szakács
- Institute
of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Research Network, Magyar Tudósok körútja
2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
- Center
for Cancer Research, Medical University
of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Ana Popović-Bijelić
- Faculty
of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11158, Serbia
| | - Ayesha Zafar
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School
of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United
Kingdom
| | - Anatoly D. Shutalev
- N.
D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Ruoli Bai
- Molecular
Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division
of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, National Cancer Institute, Frederick
National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Molecular
Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division
of Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, National Cancer Institute, Frederick
National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Vladimir B. Arion
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
- Inorganic
Polymers Department, “Petru Poni”
Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda 41 A, Iasi 700487, Romania
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3
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Jana A, Sahoo S, Paul S, Sahoo S, Jayabaskaran C, Chakravarty AR. Photodynamic Therapy with Targeted Release of Boron-Dipyrromethene Dye from Cobalt(III) Prodrugs in Red Light. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:6822-6835. [PMID: 38560761 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes are promising photosensitizers for cellular imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT) owing to their excellent photophysical properties and the synthetically tunable core. Metalation provides a convenient way to overcome the drawbacks arising from their low aqueous solubility. New photo-/redox-responsive Co(III) prodrug chaperones are developed as anticancer PDT agents for efficient cellular delivery of red-light-active BODIPY dyes. The photobiological activity of heteroleptic Co(III) complexes derived from tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPA) and acetylacetone-conjugated PEGylated distyryl BODIPY (HL1) or its dibromo analogue (HL2), [CoIII(TPA)(L1/L2)](ClO4)2 (1 and 2), are investigated. The Co(III)/Co(II) redox potential is tuned using the Co(III)-TPA scaffold. Complex 1 displays the in vitro release of BODIPY on red light irradiation. Complex 2, having good singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ ∼ 0.28 in DMSO), demonstrates submicromolar photocytotoxicity to HeLa cancer cells (IC50 ≈ 0.23 μM) while being less toxic to HPL1D normal cells in red light. Cellular imaging using the emissive complex 1 shows mitochondrial localization and significant penetration into the HeLa tumor spheroids. Complex 2 shows supercoiled DNA photocleavage activity and apoptotic cell death through phototriggered generation of reactive oxygen species. The Co(III)-BODIPY prodrug conjugates exemplify new type of phototherapeutic agents with better efficacy than the organic dyes alone in the phototherapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Jana
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Sir C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Subhadarsini Sahoo
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Sir C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Subhadeep Paul
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Sir C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Somarupa Sahoo
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Sir C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Chelliah Jayabaskaran
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Sir C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Akhil R Chakravarty
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Sir C.V. Raman Avenue, Bangalore 560012, India
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4
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Franco Machado J, Cordeiro S, Duarte JN, Costa PJ, Mendes PJ, Garcia MH, Baptista PV, Fernandes AR, Morais TS. Exploiting Co(III)-Cyclopentadienyl Complexes To Develop Anticancer Agents. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:5783-5804. [PMID: 38502532 PMCID: PMC10988555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, organometallic complexes have attracted much attention as anticancer therapeutics aiming at overcoming the limitations of platinum drugs that are currently marketed. Still, the development of half-sandwich organometallic cobalt complexes remains scarcely explored. Four new cobalt(III)-cyclopentadienyl complexes containing N,N-heteroaromatic bidentate, and phosphane ligands were synthesized and fully characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic techniques, and DFT methods. The cytotoxicity of all complexes was determined in vitro by the MTS assay in colorectal (HCT116), ovarian (A2780), and breast (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) human cancer cell lines and in a healthy human cell line (fibroblasts). The complexes showed high cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines, mostly due to ROS production, apoptosis, autophagy induction, and disruption of the mitochondrial membrane. Also, these complexes were shown to be nontoxic in vivo in an ex ovo chick embryo yolk sac membrane (YSM) assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Franco Machado
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra Cordeiro
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB − Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA
School of Science and Technology, NOVA University
Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO,
Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Joana N. Duarte
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Costa
- BioISI
− Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Mendes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE
(Polo de Évora), Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Évora, R. Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - Maria Helena Garcia
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro V. Baptista
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB − Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA
School of Science and Technology, NOVA University
Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO,
Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Alexandra R. Fernandes
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB − Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA
School of Science and Technology, NOVA University
Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO,
Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Tânia S. Morais
- Centro
de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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5
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Deka B, Sarkar T, Bhattacharyya A, Butcher RJ, Banerjee S, Deka S, Saikia KK, Hussain A. Synthesis, characterization, and cancer cell-selective cytotoxicity of mixed-ligand cobalt(III) complexes of 8-hydroxyquinolines and phenanthroline bases. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:4952-4961. [PMID: 38275106 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04045c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal complexes exhibiting selective toxicity towards a broad range of cancer types are highly desirable as potential anticancer agents. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity studies of six new mixed-ligand cobalt(III) complexes of general formula [Co(B)2(L)](ClO4)2 (1-6), where B is a N,N-donor phenanthroline base, namely, 1,10-phenanthroline (phen in 1, 2), dipyrido[3,2-d:2',3'-f]quinoxaline (dpq in 3, 4), and dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz in 5, 6), and L is the monoanion of 8-hydroxyquinoline (HQ in 1, 3, 5) and 5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline (CQ in 2, 4, 6). The X-ray single crystal structures of complexes 1 and 2 as PF6- salts revealed a distorted octahedral CoN5O coordination environment. Complexes demonstrated good stability in an aqueous buffer medium and in the presence of ascorbic acid as a reductant. Cytotoxicity studies using a panel of nine cancer cell lines showed that complex 6, with the dppz and CQ ligands, was significantly toxic against most cancer cell types, yielding IC50 values in the range of 2 to 14 μM. Complexes 1, 3, and 5, containing the HQ ligand, displayed lower toxicity compared to their CQ counterparts. The phenanthroline complexes demonstrated marginal toxicity towards the tested cell lines, while the dpq complexes exhibited moderate toxicity. Interestingly, all complexes demonstrated negligible toxicity towards normal HEK-293 kidney cells (IC50 > 100 μM). The observed cytotoxicity of the complexes correlated well with their lipophilicities (dppz > dpq > phen). The cytotoxicity of complex 6 was comparable to that of the clinical drug cisplatin under similar conditions. Notably, neither the HQ nor the CQ ligands alone demonstrated noticeable toxicity against any of the tested cell lines. The Annexin-V-FITC and DCFDA assays revealed that the cell death mechanism induced by the complexes involved apoptosis, which could be attributed to the metal-assisted generation of reactive oxygen species. Overall, the dppz complex 6, with its remarkable cytotoxicity against a broad range of cancer cells and negligible toxicity toward normal cells, holds significant potential for cancer chemotherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banashree Deka
- Department of Chemistry, Handique Girls' College, Guwahati 781001, Assam, India.
| | - Tukki Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Handique Girls' College, Guwahati 781001, Assam, India.
| | - Arnab Bhattacharyya
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, Karnataka, India.
| | - Ray J Butcher
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, 525 College Street, NW 20059, USA.
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP 221005, India.
| | - Sasanka Deka
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110024, India.
| | - Kandarpa K Saikia
- Department of Bioengineering and Technology, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India.
| | - Akhtar Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Handique Girls' College, Guwahati 781001, Assam, India.
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6
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Presenjit, Chaturvedi S, Singh A, Gautam D, Singh K, Mishra AK. An Insight into the Effect of Schiff Base and their d and f Block Metal Complexes on Various Cancer Cell Lines as Anticancer Agents: A Review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2024; 24:488-503. [PMID: 38279753 DOI: 10.2174/0118715206280314231201111358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, an alarming rise in the percentage of individuals with cancer and those with multi-resistant illnesses has forced researchers to explore possibilities for novel therapeutic approaches. Numerous medications currently exist to treat various disorders, and the development of small molecules as anticancer agents has considerable potential. However, the widespread prevalence of resistance to multiple drugs in cancer indicates that it is necessary to discover novel and promising compounds with ideal characteristics that could overcome the multidrug resistance issue. The utilisation of metallo-drugs has served as a productive anticancer chemotherapeutic method, and this approach may be implemented for combating multi-resistant tumours more successfully. Schiff bases have been receiving a lot of attention as a group of compounds due to their adaptable metal chelating abilities, innate biologic properties, and versatility to tweak the structure to optimise it for a specific biological purpose. The biological relevance of Schiff base and related complexes, notably their anticancer effects, has increased in their popularity as bio-inorganic chemistry has progressed. As a result of learning about Schiff bases antitumor efficacy against multiple cancer cell lines and their complexes, researchers are motivated to develop novel, side-effect-free anticancer treatments. According to study reports from the past ten years, we are still seeking a powerful anticancer contender. This study highlights the potential of Schiff bases, a broad class of chemical molecules, as potent anticancer agents. In combination with other anticancer strategies, they enhance the efficacy of treatment by elevating the cytotoxicity of chemotherapy, surmounting drug resistance, and promoting targeted therapy. Schiff bases also cause cancer cell DNA repair, improve immunotherapy, prevent angiogenesis, cause apoptosis, and lessen the side effects of chemotherapy. The present review explores the development of potential Schiff base and their d and f block metal complexes as anticancer agents against various cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Presenjit
- Radiological Nuclear and Imaging Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, DRDO, Timarpur, 110054, Delhi, India
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, 226025, Lucknow, India
| | - Shubhra Chaturvedi
- Radiological Nuclear and Imaging Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, DRDO, Timarpur, 110054, Delhi, India
| | - Akanksha Singh
- Department of Zoology, Swami Shraddhanand College, University of Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Divya Gautam
- Radiological Nuclear and Imaging Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, DRDO, Timarpur, 110054, Delhi, India
- Centre of Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kaman Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, 226025, Lucknow, India
| | - Anil Kumar Mishra
- Radiological Nuclear and Imaging Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences, DRDO, Timarpur, 110054, Delhi, India
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7
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Kariyawasam RJ, Zibaseresht R, Polson MIJ, Houlihan JCC, Wikaira JL, Hartshorn RM. Synthesis of nitrogen mustards on cobalt(III). Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16364-16375. [PMID: 37867442 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01634j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Bis(bidentate) and bis(tridentate) Co(III) complexes of N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine (heen), 2-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]ethan-1-olate (heen-H), or N-(2-chloroethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine (ceen) ligands have been synthesised, and a range of reaction conditions established for their syntheses by different routes. They can all be ultimately derived from (OC-6-12')-[Co(heen)2(NO2)2]NO3 and provide access to the trans amine trans chloride nitrogen mustard complex, (OC-6-12')-[Co(ceen)2(Cl)2]Cl. Although complex isomeric mixtures were obtained from the reaction of (OC-6-12')-[Co(heen)2(NO2)2]NO3 under different reaction conditions, ultimately, the trans amine trans chlorido configuration around the Co(III) metal centre of the (OC-6-12')-[Co(ceen)2(Cl)2]Cl complex was favoured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasika J Kariyawasam
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
| | - Ramin Zibaseresht
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Maritime University of Imam Khomeini, Noshahr, Iran
| | - Matthew I J Polson
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
| | - Joanna C C Houlihan
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
| | - Jan L Wikaira
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
| | - Richard M Hartshorn
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
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8
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Vergaro V, Dell'Anna MM, Shahsavari HR, Baldassarre F, Migoni D, Mastrorilli P, Fanizzi FP, Ciccarella G. Synthesis of a light-responsive platinum curcumin complex, chemical and biological investigations and delivery to tumor cells by means of polymeric nanoparticles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:5340-5351. [PMID: 37767039 PMCID: PMC10521244 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00200d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Platinum-based anticancer drugs are common in chemotherapy, but problems such as systemic toxicity and acquired resistance of some tumors hamper their clinical applications and therapeutic efficacy. It is necessary to synthesize Pt-based drugs and explore strategies to reduce side effects and improve pharmacokinetic profiles. Photo-responsive chemotherapeutics have emerged as an alternative strategy against several cancers, as photoactivation offers spatial selectivity and fewer side effects. Here, we combine chemical synthesis and nanotechnology to create a multifunctional platinum drug delivery system based on the novel metal complex [Pt(ppy)(curc)] (ppy = deprotonated 2-phenylpyridine, curc = deprotonated curcumin)] embodying the naturally occurring bioactive molecule, curcumin. The ultrasonication method coupled with the layer-by-layer technology was employed to produce nanocolloids, which demonstrated a good biocompatibility, higher solubility in aqueous solution, stability, large drug loading, and good biological activity in comparison with the free drug. In vitro release experiments revealed that the polymeric nanoformulation is relatively stable under physiological conditions (pH = 7.4 and 37 °C) but sensitive to acidic environments (pH = 5.6 and 37 °C) which would trigger the release of the loaded drug. Our approach modifies the bioavailability of this Pt-based drug increasing its therapeutic action in terms of both cytotoxic and anti-metastasis effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Vergaro
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Department, UdR INSTM of Lecce University of Salento Via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR NANOTEC, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | | | - Hamid R Shahsavari
- DICATECh, Politecnico di Bari via Orabona, 4 70125 Bari Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) Zanjan 45137-66731 Iran
| | - Francesca Baldassarre
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Department, UdR INSTM of Lecce University of Salento Via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR NANOTEC, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Danilo Migoni
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Department, UdR INSTM of Lecce University of Salento Via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | | | - Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Department, UdR INSTM of Lecce University of Salento Via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ciccarella
- Biological and Environmental Sciences Department, UdR INSTM of Lecce University of Salento Via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR NANOTEC, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Via Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
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9
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Williem ES, Ibrahim ABM, Elkhalik SA, Marek J, Abbas SM. In vitro biological activity of cobalt(II) complexes with salicylaldimine ligands in microbial and cancer cells. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1415-1426. [PMID: 37584209 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: More studies using cobalt complexes as drugs are needed. Results: The drug action of two cobalt salicylaldimines was determined. The complexes and amphotericin B (20 mg/ml) inhibited Candida albicans at 9-15 and 21 mm. This concentration of both ligands inhibited Staphylococcus aureus at 10 mm and one ligand inhibited Escherichia coli at 9 mm, but the complexes and ampicillin inhibited four bacteria at 9-20 and 21-26 mm. The ligands were inactive against cancer and normal cells, but the complexes and doxorubicin provided IC50 values of 28.18-54.19 and 9.66 μM against MCF-7 cells and 15.76-20.49 and 36.42 μM against BHK cells. Conclusion: The ligands' activity was much improved by complexation, although they remained substandard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ereny S Williem
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62521, Egypt
| | - Ahmed B M Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, 71516, Egypt
| | - S Abd Elkhalik
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62521, Egypt
| | - Jaromír Marek
- Core Facility Biomolecular Interactions & Crystallography, CEITEC MU, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - S M Abbas
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62521, Egypt
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10
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Majid SA, Mir JM, Jan G, Shalla AH. Schiff base complexes, cancer cell lines, and anticancer evaluation: a review. J COORD CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2022.2131402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gowhar Jan
- Department of Chemistry, IUST, Awantipora Pulwama, India
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11
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Combination of light and Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes: Recent advances in the development of new anticancer drugs. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Fathy A, Ibrahim ABM, Abd Elkhalik S, Villinger A, Abbas SM. Trivalent Cobalt Complexes with NNS Tridentate Thiosemicarbazones: Preparation, Structural Study and Investigation of Antibacterial Activity and Cytotoxicity against Human Breast Cancer Cells. INORGANICS 2022; 10:145. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics10090145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
New complexes of trivalent cobalt with substituted thiosemicarbazone ligands having an NNS donor system {HL1 = 4-(4-nitrophenyl)-1-((pyridin-2-yl)methylene)thiosemicarbazide and HL2 = 4-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-((pyridin-2-yl)methylene)thiosemicarbazide} were synthesized via the in situ oxidation of divalent cobalt chloride accompanying its addition to the ligands. The complexes C1 and C2 were characterized via elemental (CHNS) analysis and 1H NMR, FT-IR and UV-Vis. spectroscopic data. Further, conductometric studies on the DMF solutions of the complexes indicated their 1:1 nature, and their diamagnetism revealed the low-spin trivalent oxidation state of the cobalt in the complexes. The X-ray diffraction analysis of complex C1 indicated that it crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1. The metal exhibits an octahedral environment built by two anionic ligands bound via pyridine nitrogen, imine nitrogen and thiol sulfur atoms. The complex is counterbalanced by a chloride ion. In addition, two lattice water molecules were detected in the asymmetric unit of the unit cell. The ligand HL2 (20 mg/mL in DMSO) displayed inhibition zones of 10 mm against both S. aureus and E. coli, and the same concentration of the respective complex raised this activity to 15 and 12 mm against these bacterial strains, respectively. As a comparison, ampicillin inhibited these bacterial strains by 21 and 25 mm, respectively. Screening assay by HL1 on four human cancer cells revealed the most enhanced activity against the breast MCF-7 cells. The induced growth inhibitions in the MCF-7 cells by all compounds (0–100 μg/mL) have been detected. The ligands {HL1 and HL2} and complex C2 gave inhibitions with IC50 values of 52.4, 145.4 and 49.9 μM, respectively. These results are more meaningful in comparison with similar cobalt complexes, but less efficient compared with the inhibition with IC50 of 9.66 μM afforded by doxorubicin. In addition, doxorubicin, HL1 and HL2 induced cytotoxicity towards healthy BHK cells with IC50 values of 36.42, 54.8 and 110.6 μM, but surviving fractions of 66.1% and 62.7% of these cells were detected corresponding to a concentration of 100 μg/mL of the complexes (136.8 μM of C1 and 131.4 μM of C2).
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13
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Kuznetcova I, Bacher F, Alfadul SM, Tham MJR, Ang WH, Babak MV, Rapta P, Arion VB. Elucidation of Structure-Activity Relationships in Indolobenzazepine-Derived Ligands and Their Copper(II) Complexes: the Role of Key Structural Components and Insight into the Mechanism of Action. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:10167-10181. [PMID: 35713376 PMCID: PMC9490829 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Indolo[3,2-d][1]benzazepines (paullones), indolo[3,2-d][2]benzazepines, and indolo[2,3-d][2]benzazepines (latonduines) are isomeric scaffolds of current medicinal interest. Herein, we prepared a small library of novel indolo[3,2-d][2]benzazepine-derived ligands HL1-HL4 and copper(II) complexes 1-4. All compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods (1H and 13C NMR, UV-vis, IR) and electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry, while complexes 2 and 3, in addition, by X-ray crystallography. Their purity was confirmed by HPLC coupled with high-resolution ESI mass spectrometry and/or elemental analysis. The stability of compounds in aqueous solutions in the presence of DMSO was confirmed by 1H NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy measurements. The compounds revealed high antiproliferative activity in vitro in the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 and hepatocellular carcinoma cell line LM3 in the low micromolar to nanomolar concentration range. Important structure-activity relationships were deduced from the comparison of anticancer activities of HL1-HL4 and 1-4 with those of structurally similar paullone-derived (HL5-HL7 and 5-7) and latonduine-derived scaffolds (HL8-HL11 and 8-11). The high anticancer activity of the lead drug candidate 4 was linked to reactive oxygen species and endoplasmic reticulum stress induction, which were confirmed by fluorescent microscopy and Western blot analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kuznetcova
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Bacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Samah Mutasim Alfadul
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Max Jing Rui Tham
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Wee Han Ang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Maria V Babak
- Drug Discovery Lab, Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Peter Rapta
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, SK-81237 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Vladimir B Arion
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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14
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Jana A, Kundu P, Paul S, Kondaiah P, Chakravarty AR. Cobalt(III) Complexes for Light-Activated Delivery of Acetylacetonate-BODIPY, Cellular Imaging, and Photodynamic Therapy. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:6837-6851. [PMID: 35471858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cobalt(III) complexes [Co(TPA)(L1)](ClO4)2 (1), [Co(4-COOH-TPA)(L1)](ClO4)2 (2), [Co(TPA)(L2)]Cl2 (3), and [Co(4-COOH-TPA)(L2)]Cl2 (4) having acetylacetonate-linked boron-dipyrromethene ligands (L1, acac-BODIPY; L2, acac-diiodo-BODIPY) were prepared and characterized, and their utility as bioimaging and phototherapeutic agents was evaluated (TPA, tris-(2-pyridylmethyl)amine; 4-COOH-TPA, 2-((bis-(2-pyridylmethyl)amino)methyl)isonicotinic acid). HL1, HL2, and complex 1 were structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. Complexes 1 and 2 on photoactivation or in a reducing environment (excess GSH, ascorbic acid, and 3-mercaptopropionic acid) released the acac-BODIPY ligand. They exhibited strong absorbance near 501 nm (ε ∼ (5.2-5.8) × 104 M-1 cm-1) and emission bands near 513 nm (ΦF ∼ 0.13, λex = 490 nm) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Complexes 3 and 4 with absorption maxima at ∼536 and ∼538 nm (ε ∼ (1.2-1.8) × 104 M-1 cm-1), respectively, afforded high singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ ∼ 0.79) in DMSO. Complexes 1-4 showed Co(III)-Co(II) redox responses near -0.2 V versus saturated calomel electrode (SCE) in dimethylformamide (DMF)-0.1 M tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP). The photocleavage of pUC19 DNA by complex 4 revealed the formation of both singlet oxygen and superoxide anion radicals as the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Confocal fluorescence microscopy showed the selective accumulation of complex 1 in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in A-549 cells. Complex 4 exhibited a high phototherapeutic index value (PI > 7000) in HeLa cancer cells (IC50 ∼ 0.007 μM in visible light of 400-700 nm, total dose ∼5 J cm-2). The ancillary ligands in the complexes demonstrated a structure-activity relationship and modulated the Co(III)-Co(II) redox potential, the complex solubility, acac-BODIPY ligand release kinetics, and phototherapeutic efficacy.
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15
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Jiang J, Cao B, Chen Y, Luo H, Xue J, Xiong X, Zou T. Alkylgold(III) Complexes Undergo Unprecedented Photo-Induced β-Hydride Elimination and Reduction for Targeted Cancer Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201103. [PMID: 35165986 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporally controllable activation of prodrugs within tumors is highly desirable for cancer therapy to minimize toxic side effects. Herein we report that stable alkylgold(III) complexes can undergo unprecedented photo-induced β-hydride elimination, releasing alkyl ligands and forming gold(III)-hydride intermediates that could be quickly converted into bioactive [AuIII -S] adducts; meanwhile, the remaining alkylgold(III) complexes can photo-catalytically reduce [AuIII -S] into more bioactive AuI species. Such photo-reactivities make it possible to functionalize gold complexes on the auxiliary alkyl ligands without attenuating the metal-biomacromolecule interactions. As a result, the gold(III) complexes containing glucose-functionalized alkyl ligands displayed efficient and tumor-selective uptake; notably, after one- or two-photon activation, the complexes exhibited high thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibition, potent cytotoxicity, and strong antiangiogenesis and antitumor activities in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Bei Cao
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, and General Education Division, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hejiang Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiaying Xue
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Xiong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Taotao Zou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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16
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Macedo LJA, Rodrigues FP, Hassan A, Máximo LNC, Zobi F, da Silva RS, Crespilho FN. Non-destructive molecular FTIR spectromicroscopy for real time assessment of redox metallodrugs. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:1094-1102. [PMID: 34935794 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01198g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent emergence of FTIR spectromicroscopy (micro-FTIR) as a dynamic spectroscopy for imaging to study biological chemistry has opened new possibilities for investigating in situ drug release, redox chemistry effects on biological molecules, DNA and drug interactions, membrane dynamics, and redox reactions with proteins at the single cell level. Micro-FTIR applied to metallodrugs has been playing an important role since the last decade because of its great potential to achieve more robust and controlled pharmacological effects against several diseases, including cancer. An important aspect in the development of these drugs is to understand their cellular properties, such as uptake, accumulation, activity, and toxicity. In this review, we present the potential application of micro-FTIR and its importance for studying metal-based drugs, highlighting the perspectives of chemistry of living cells. We also emphasise bioimaging, which is of high importance to localize the cellular processes, for a proper understanding of the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucyano J A Macedo
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Fernando P Rodrigues
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Ayaz Hassan
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil.
| | - Leandro N C Máximo
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Goiano, Urutuai, GO 75790-000, Brazil
| | - Fabio Zobi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, Fribourg, CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - Roberto S da Silva
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Frank N Crespilho
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil.
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17
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Jiang J, Cao B, Chen Y, Luo H, Xue J, Xiong X, Zou T. Alkylgold(III) Complexes Undergo Unprecedented Photo‐Induced β‐Hydride Elimination and Reduction for Targeted Cancer Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Bei Cao
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology and General Education Division The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen 518172 P. R. China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Hejiang Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Jiaying Xue
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Xiong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Taotao Zou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
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18
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Gourdon L, Cariou K, Gasser G. Phototherapeutic anticancer strategies with first-row transition metal complexes: a critical review. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1167-1195. [PMID: 35048929 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00609f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) are therapeutic techniques based on a photosensitizer (PS) and light. These techniques allow the spatial and temporal control of the activation of drugs with light. Transition metal complexes are attractive compounds as photoactivatable prodrugs since their excited states can be appropriately designed by subtle modifications of the ligands, the metal centre, or the oxidation state. However, most metal-based PSs contain heavy metals such as Ru, Os, Ir, Pt or Au, which are expensive and non-earth-abundant, contrary to first-row transition metals. In this context, the exploration of the photochemical properties of complexes based on first-row transition metals appears to be extremely promising. This did encourage several groups to develop promising PSs based on these metals. This review presents up-to-date state-of-the-art information on first-row-transition metal complexes, from titanium to zinc in regard to their application as PSs for phototherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gourdon
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Kevin Cariou
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005 Paris, France.
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005 Paris, France.
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19
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Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of novel organometallic cobalt(III) complex encapsulated in polydiacetylene-phospholipid nanoformulation. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Bresciani G, Busto N, Ceccherini V, Bortoluzzi M, Pampaloni G, Garcia B, Marchetti F. Screening the biological properties of transition metal carbamates reveals gold(I) and silver(I) complexes as potent cytotoxic and antimicrobial agents. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 227:111667. [PMID: 34826692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We report a screening study aimed to assess for the first time the air- and water-stability and the biological potential of simple metal-carbamates. These molecular metallic species are based on elements belonging to the groups 4-5, 7-9 and 11, and tin, and are easily available from inexpensive reagents. Complexes [Ag(O2CNEt2)] (13-Ag) and [Au(O2CNMe2)(PPh3)] (14-Au) resulted substantially stable in aqueous media and exhibited a potent in vitro cytotoxicity. Especially 13-Ag revealed a significant selectivity against the A549 lung adenocarcinoma and the A2780 ovarian cancer cell lines with respect to the noncancerous HEK293 cell line. Generation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) and mitochondrial membrane depolarization were recognized for 13-Ag and 14-Au; notwithstanding, the cell death mechanism is different in the two cases: apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase for 13-Ag; necroptosis and cell cycle arrest in S phase for 14-Au. Both 13-Ag and 14-Au are endowed with antibacterial activity, which is relatively stronger for 13-Ag towards Gram negative and for 14-Au towards Gram positive strains, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Bresciani
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Natalia Busto
- University of Burgos, Department of Chemistry, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain.
| | - Valentina Ceccherini
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Bortoluzzi
- University of Venezia "Ca' Foscari", Department of Molecular Science and Nanosystems, Via Torino 155, I-30170 Mestre (VE), Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Begoña Garcia
- University of Burgos, Department of Chemistry, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- University of Pisa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy.
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21
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Smith CB, Days LC, Alajroush DR, Faye K, Khodour Y, Beebe SJ, Holder AA. Photodynamic Therapy of Inorganic Complexes for the Treatment of Cancer †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:17-41. [PMID: 34121188 DOI: 10.1111/php.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a medicinal tool that uses a photosensitizer and a light source to treat several conditions, including cancer. PDT uses reactive oxygen species such as cytotoxic singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) to induce cell death in cancer cells. Chemotherapy has historically utilized the cytotoxic effects of many metals, especially transition metal complexes. However, chemotherapy is a systemic treatment so all cells in a patient's body are exposed to the same cytotoxic effects. Transition metal complexes have also shown high cytotoxicity as PDT agents. PDT is a potential localized method for treating several cancer types by using inorganic complexes as photosensitizing agents. This review covers several in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as clinical trials that reported on the anticancer properties of inorganic pharmaceuticals used in PDT against different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe B Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Lindsay C Days
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Duaa R Alajroush
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Khadija Faye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Yara Khodour
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Stephen J Beebe
- Frank Reidy Research Centre for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Alvin A Holder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
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22
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Sarkar T, Kumar A, Sahoo S, Hussain A. Mixed-Ligand Cobalt(III) Complexes of a Naturally Occurring Coumarin and Phenanthroline Bases as Mitochondria-Targeted Dual-Purpose Photochemotherapeutics. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6649-6662. [PMID: 33855849 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The bioessential nature of cobalt and the rich photochemistry of its coordination complexes can be exploited to develop potential next-generation photochemotherapeutics. A series of six novel mixed-ligand cobalt(III) complexes of the formulation [Co(B)2(L)]ClO4 (1-6), where B is an N,N-donor phenanthroline base, namely, 1,10-phenanthroline (phen in 1 and 4), dipyrido[3,2-d:2',3'-f]quinoxaline (dpq in 2 and 5), and dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (dppz in 3 and 6), and L is an O,O-donor dianionic ligand derived from catechol (1,2-dihydroxybenzene, cat2-, in 1-3) or esculetin (6,7-dihydoxycoumarin, esc2-, in 4-6), have been prepared and characterized, and their light-triggered cytotoxicity has been studied in cancer cells. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction structures of complexes 1 (as PF6- salt, 1a) and 2 show distorted octahedral geometries around the cobalt(III) center formed by the set of N4O2 donor atoms. The low-spin and 1:1 electrolytic complexes 1-6 display a d-d transition around 700 nm. Complexes 4-6 with a coordinated esc2- ligand additionally display a π → π* intraligand transition centered at 403 nm. Complexes 4-6 possessing a naturally occurring and photoactive esc2- ligand show high visible-light-triggered cytotoxicity against HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cells, yielding remarkably low micromolar IC50 values while being much less toxic under dark conditions. Control complexes 1-3 possessing the photoinactive cat2- ligand show significantly less cytotoxicity either in the presence of light or in the dark. The complex-induced cell death is apoptotic in nature caused by the formation of reactive oxygen species via a type 1 photoredox pathway. Fluorescence microscopy of HeLa cells treated with complex 6 reveals mitochondrial localization of the complex. A significant decrease in the dark toxicity of free esculetin and dppz base is observed upon coordination to cobalt(III). Complexes bind to calf-thymus DNA with significant affinity, but 6 binds with the greatest affinity. Complex 6 efficiently photocleaves supercoiled DNA to its nicked circular form when irradiated with visible light via a photoredox type 1 pathway involving hydroxyl radicals (HO•). Thus, complex 6 showing remarkable visible-light-triggered cytotoxicity but negligible toxicity in the dark is a good candidate for cancer photochemotherapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tukki Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Handique Girls' College, Guwahati 781001, Assam, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Somarupa Sahoo
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Akhtar Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Handique Girls' College, Guwahati 781001, Assam, India
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23
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Kozsup M, Zhou X, Farkas E, Bényei AC, Bonnet S, Patonay T, Kónya K, Buglyó P. Synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity studies of Co(III)-flavonolato complexes. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 217:111382. [PMID: 33588278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia activated Co(III) complexes as prodrugs may provide with a selective delivery of cytotoxic or antibacterial compounds. Whithin this field sixteen novel Co(III) ternary complexes with the general formula [Co(4N)(flav)](ClO4)2, where 4N = tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren) or tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (tpa) and flav = deprotonated form of differently substituted flavonols have been synthesized, characterized, and their cytotoxicity assayed under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Molecular structures of two free flavonols and seven complexes are also reported. In all the complexes the bioligands exhibited the expected (O,O) coordination mode and the complexes showed a slightly distorted octahedral geometry. Cyclic voltammetric studies revealed that both the substituents of the flavonoles and the type of 4N donor ligands had an impact on the reduction potential of the complex. The ones containing tren demonstrated significantly higher stability than the tpa analogues, making these former compounds promising candidates for the development of hypoxia-activated prodrug complexes. Tpa complexes showed higher activity against both selected human cancer cell lines (A549, A431) than their free ligand flavonols, indicating that the anticancer activity of the bioligand can be enhanced upon complexation. However, slight hypoxia-selectivity was found only for a tren complex (11) with moderate cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Kozsup
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - XueQuan Zhou
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit Leiden, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Etelka Farkas
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - Attila Cs Bényei
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Universiteit Leiden, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tamás Patonay
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Kónya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary
| | - Péter Buglyó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary.
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Weinstain R, Slanina T, Kand D, Klán P. Visible-to-NIR-Light Activated Release: From Small Molecules to Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:13135-13272. [PMID: 33125209 PMCID: PMC7833475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoactivatable (alternatively, photoremovable, photoreleasable, or photocleavable) protecting groups (PPGs), also known as caged or photocaged compounds, are used to enable non-invasive spatiotemporal photochemical control over the release of species of interest. Recent years have seen the development of PPGs activatable by biologically and chemically benign visible and near-infrared (NIR) light. These long-wavelength-absorbing moieties expand the applicability of this powerful method and its accessibility to non-specialist users. This review comprehensively covers organic and transition metal-containing photoactivatable compounds (complexes) that absorb in the visible- and NIR-range to release various leaving groups and gasotransmitters (carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, and hydrogen sulfide). The text also covers visible- and NIR-light-induced photosensitized release using molecular sensitizers, quantum dots, and upconversion and second-harmonic nanoparticles, as well as release via photodynamic (photooxygenation by singlet oxygen) and photothermal effects. Release from photoactivatable polymers, micelles, vesicles, and photoswitches, along with the related emerging field of photopharmacology, is discussed at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Weinstain
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Tomáš Slanina
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dnyaneshwar Kand
- School
of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Petr Klán
- Department
of Chemistry and RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Zhang B, Xiao J, Wang X, Li P, Su W. Synthesis, characterization and photodynamic activity of half-sandwich rhodium(III) complexes with curcuminoids. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 32:102049. [PMID: 33059109 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Half-sandwich Cp*-Rh complexes containing curcuminoids ([Rh(η5-Cp*)(L)(Py)]PF6, 1-3, L = curcuminoid ligands L1-L3) were prepared, characterized and studied for anticancer activity. Complex 1 was structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Complex 3 presented excellent photodynamic anticancer effect in light (>400 nm) showing IC50 values of 7.5 and 4.3 μM against HepG2, SKOV3 and HeLa, respectively, along with the 12.4, 7.9 and 4.7-fold lower toxicity in the dark. Confocal fluorescence images show that the complex primarily targeted mitochondrial localization. These results suggest that the complex 3 was a valuable agent with higher efficacy for chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy, which can achieve real-time image guidance in cancer therapy for the fluorescence of the complex as imaging signals. This investigation provides a valuable route to design novel half-sandwich Cp*-Rh complexes with higher efficacy for photodynamic anticancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoqu Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, PR China
| | - Jun'an Xiao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, PR China
| | - Peiyuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, PR China.
| | - Wei Su
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Natural Polymer Chemistry and Physics, Nanning Normal University, Nanning, 530001, PR China.
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Sarkar T, Bhattacharyya A, Banerjee S, Hussain A. LMCT transition-based red-light photochemotherapy using a tumour-selective ferrocenyl iron(iii) coumarin conjugate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:7981-7984. [PMID: 32538387 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03240a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A rationally designed iron(iii) complex (2a) with pendant ferrocene and naturally occurring coumarin (esculetin) shows LMCT transition-based mitochondria-targeted red-light (600-720 nm) induced apoptotic toxicity against cancer cells but remains innocuous in the dark and to normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tukki Sarkar
- Depatment of Chemistry, Handique Girl's College, Guwahati, 781001, Assam, India.
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Upadhyay A, Gautam S, Ramu V, Kondaiah P, Chakravarty AR. Photocytotoxic cancer cell-targeting platinum(ii) complexes of glucose-appended curcumin and biotinylated 1,10-phenanthroline. Dalton Trans 2020; 48:17556-17565. [PMID: 31748772 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03490k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mixed-ligand platinum(ii) complexes, [Pt(phen)(pacac)](NO3) (1), [Pt(phen)(cur)](NO3) (2), [Pt(bt-phen)(cur)](NO3) (3) and [Pt(phen)(scur)](NO3) (4), where phen is 1,10-phenanthroline, bt-phen is 5-biotin-1,10-phenanthroline, pacac is 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedioate anion, Hcur is curcumin and Hscur is diglucosylcurcumin, were prepared, characterized and their anticancer activity studied. Complexes 2-4 showed absorption bands within 410-430 nm (ε, 2.1 × 104 to 2.8 × 104 M-1 cm-1) in 10% DMSO-DPBS (Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline) and emission bands near 530 nm (λex = 410-430 nm) with a fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) value of ∼0.02. The curcumin complexes showed stability over a study period of 48 h. The photocytotoxicity was studied using human cervical HeLa, human liver HepG2, human breast cancer MDA-MB 231 and human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cancer cells along with human immortalized lung epithelial HPL1D as normal cells. Complexes 2-4 showed apoptotic photo-induced cell death in light of wavelength 400-700 nm (IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration: 6-28 μM) by reactive oxygen species (ROS), while remaining inactive in the dark (IC50: 43-95 μM). The selectivity of the complexes 3 and 4 was enhanced significantly towards the cancer cells than towards the normal cells, thus making them targeted photochemotherapeutic agents. The ROS formation and mode of cell death were studied from 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) and annexin-V/FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate)-PI assays, respectively. Preferential nuclear and mitochondrial localization was evidenced from inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Upadhyay
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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Bolitho EM, Sanchez-Cano C, Huang H, Hands-Portman I, Spink M, Quinn PD, Harkiolaki M, Sadler PJ. X-ray tomography of cryopreserved human prostate cancer cells: mitochondrial targeting by an organoiridium photosensitiser. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 25:295-303. [PMID: 32124100 PMCID: PMC7082392 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01761-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The organoiridium complex Ir[(C,N)2(O,O)] (1) where C, N = 1-phenylisoquinoline and O,O = 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate is a promising photosensitiser for Photo-Dynamic Therapy (PDT). 1 is not toxic to cells in the dark. However, irradiation of the compound with one-photon blue or two-photon red light generates high levels of singlet oxygen (1O2) (in Zhang et al. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 56 (47):14898-14902 10.1002/anie.201709082,2017), both within cell monolayers and in tumour models. Moreover, photo-excited 1 oxidises key proteins, causing metabolic alterations in cancer cells with potent antiproliferative activity. Here, the tomograms obtained by cryo-Soft X-ray Tomography (cryo-SXT) of human PC3 prostate cancer cells treated with 1, irradiated with blue light, and cryopreserved to maintain them in their native state, reveal that irradiation causes extensive and specific alterations to mitochondria, but not other cellular components. Such new insights into the effect of 1O2 generation during PDT using iridium photosensitisers on cells contribute to a detailed understanding of their cellular mode of action. Graphic abstract ![]()
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00775-020-01761-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Bolitho
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.,Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Ave, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Carlos Sanchez-Cano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK. .,Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo Miramon 182, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Huaiyi Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ian Hands-Portman
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Campus, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Matthew Spink
- Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Ave, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Paul D Quinn
- Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Ave, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Maria Harkiolaki
- Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Ave, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK.
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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30
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Yang QQ, Farha AK, Kim G, Gul K, Gan RY, Corke H. Antimicrobial and anticancer applications and related mechanisms of curcumin-mediated photodynamic treatments. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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31
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Imberti C, Zhang P, Huang H, Sadler PJ. New Designs for Phototherapeutic Transition Metal Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:61-73. [PMID: 31310436 PMCID: PMC6973108 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this Minireview, we highlight recent advances in the design of transition metal complexes for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT), and discuss the challenges and opportunities for the translation of such agents into clinical use. New designs for light-activated transition metal complexes offer photoactivatable prodrugs with novel targeted mechanisms of action. Light irradiation can provide spatial and temporal control of drug activation, increasing selectivity and reducing side-effects. The photophysical and photochemical properties of transition metal complexes can be controlled by the appropriate choice of the metal, its oxidation state, the number and types of ligands, and the coordination geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Imberti
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Pingyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Huaiyi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen)Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
| | - Peter J. Sadler
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
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32
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Musib D, Pal M, Raza MK, Roy M. Photo-physical, theoretical and photo-cytotoxic evaluation of a new class of lanthanide(iii)–curcumin/diketone complexes for PDT application. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:10786-10798. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02082f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Improved ISC in La(iii) complex of curcumin, on activation with visible light, has resulted in high yield of 1O2 in HeLa/MCF-7 cells, leading to the oxidative stress which was responsible for remarkable caspase 3/7-dependent apoptotic photocytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulal Musib
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Manipur
- Imphal
- India
| | - Mrityunjoy Pal
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Manipur
- Imphal
- India
| | - Md Kausar Raza
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore-560012
- India
| | - Mithun Roy
- Department of Chemistry
- National Institute of Technology Manipur
- Imphal
- India
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de Mello MVP, Cebrián-Torrejón G, Pereira JR, dos Santos Moreira C, Gomes CBDSMR, da Rocha DR, de Souza Fagundes EM, Ferreira GB, Lanznaster M. Evaluation of 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone-cobalt(III) complexes for hypoxia-activated drug delivery. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 199:110756. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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34
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Imberti C, Zhang P, Huang H, Sadler PJ. New Designs for Phototherapeutic Transition Metal Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Imberti
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Pingyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Huaiyi Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science (Shenzhen) Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
| | - Peter J. Sadler
- Department of Chemistry University of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
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Mukherjee N, Raghavan A, Podder S, Majumdar S, Kumar A, Nandi D, Chakravarty AR. Photocytotoxic Activity of Copper(II) and Zinc(II) Complexes of Curcumin and (Acridinyl)dipyridophenazine. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nandini Mukherjee
- Department of Inorganic and Physical ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Sir C.V. Raman Avenue Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Abinaya Raghavan
- Department of BiochemistryIndian Institute of Science Sir C.V. Raman Avenue Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Santosh Podder
- Department of BiochemistryIndian Institute of Science Sir C.V. Raman Avenue Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Shamik Majumdar
- Department of BiochemistryIndian Institute of Science Sir C.V. Raman Avenue Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Inorganic and Physical ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Sir C.V. Raman Avenue Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Dipankar Nandi
- Department of BiochemistryIndian Institute of Science Sir C.V. Raman Avenue Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Akhil R. Chakravarty
- Department of Inorganic and Physical ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Sir C.V. Raman Avenue Bangalore 560012 India
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Das D, Banaspati A, Das N, Bora B, Raza MK, Goswami TK. Visible light-induced cytotoxicity studies on Co(ii) complexes having an anthracene-based curcuminoid ligand. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:12933-12942. [PMID: 31393480 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01576k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Herein, two ternary cobalt(ii) complexes, namely [Co(9-accm)(phen)2](OAc) (1) and [Co(9-accm)(dppz)2](OAc) (2), where 9-accmH is 1,7-(di-9-anthracene-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione), phen is 1,10-phenanthroline and dppz is dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine, having an anthracene-based curcuminoid and phenanthroline bases were synthesized and fully characterized, and their in vitro photocytotoxicities were studied in cancer cells. To understand the role of the curcuminoid ligand 9-accm in photo-activated cytotoxicity, two control complexes, viz. [Co(dbm)(phen)2](OAc) (3) and [Co(dbm)(dppz)2](OAc) (4), where dbmH is 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedione (dibenzoylmethane), were prepared and used for the control experiments. Complex 3 was structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. The complexes displayed a quasi-reversible Co(i)/Co(ii) redox couple at ∼-1.1 V and an irreversible Co(ii)/Co(iii) couple at ∼1.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl in DMF-0.1 M [Bun4N](ClO4). Highly intense 9-accm ligand-centred bands were observed at ∼250-450 nm, which masked the Co(ii)-based weak d-d bands in the DMF-Tris-HCl buffer (1 : 9 v/v). The complexes displayed a significant binding propensity for calf-thymus (ct) DNA with binding constants in the range from (2.42 ± 0.10) × 105 to (3.24 ± 0.13) × 106 M-1. They also showed a moderate binding affinity for human serum albumin (HSA), displaying Kb values in the order of ∼104-105 M-1. The complexes 1 and 2 showed prodigious photoenhanced cytotoxicity in human cervical cancer (HeLa) and breast cancer (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) cells with low dark toxicity, whereas they were non-toxic to immortalized lung epithelial normal cells (HPL1D). Flow cytometric studies showed a time-dependent uptake of the complexes 1 and 2 in HeLa cells. The complexes generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon excitation with low energy visible light, thereby killing the cancer cells. The results from DAPI staining, AO/EB dual staining and Annexin-V-FITC experiments suggested that the complexes induce cell death primarily via an apoptotic mechanism in HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay Das
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India.
| | - Atrayee Banaspati
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India.
| | - Namisha Das
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India.
| | - Bidisha Bora
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India.
| | - Md Kausar Raza
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Tridib K Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati 781014, Assam, India.
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The progresses in curcuminoids-based metal complexes: especially in cancer therapy. Future Med Chem 2019; 11:1035-1056. [PMID: 31140861 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcuminoids (CURs), a series of derivatives in turmeric (Curcuma longa), are commonly discovered to control the deterioration of cancers. However, the physiochemical properties and the original side effects of many CURs complexes put barriers in their medical applications. To address them, the investigation of metal-based complexes with CURs is in progress. The complexes were summarized according to articles in recent years. The results showed that the complexes improved the physicochemical properties or therapeutic performances compared with pure CURs. Further, it is possible for the novel complexes to be applied in chemical detecting, paramagnetic-luminescent and bio-imaging fields. Therefore, the formation of the metal-based CURs complexes (MBCCs) is beneficial for the development of CURs especially in medical fields.
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King AP, Gellineau HA, MacMillan SN, Wilson JJ. Physical properties, ligand substitution reactions, and biological activity of Co(iii)-Schiff base complexes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:5987-6002. [PMID: 30672949 PMCID: PMC6504617 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04606a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Four cobalt(iii) complexes of the general formula [Co(Schiff base)(L)2]+, where L is ammonia (NH3) or 3-fluorobenzylamine (3F-BnNH2), were synthesized. The complexes were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X-ray crystallography. Their electrochemical properties, ligand substitution mechanisms, and ligand exchange rates in aqueous buffer were investigated. These physical properties were correlated to the cellular uptake and anticancer activities of the complexes. The complexes undergo sequential, dissociative ligand substitution, with the exchange rates depending heavily on the axial ligands. Eyring analyses revealed that the relative ligand exchange rates were largely impacted by differences in the entropy, rather than enthalpy, of activation for the complexes. Performing the substitution reactions in the presence of ascorbate led to a change in the reaction profile and kinetics, but no change in the final product. The cytotoxic activity of the complexes correlates with both the ligand exchange rate and reduction potential, with the more easily reduced and rapidly substituted complexes showing higher toxicity. These relationships may be valuable for the rational design of Co(iii) complexes as anticancer or antiviral prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Paden King
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Bright lights down under: Metal ion complexes turning the spotlight on metabolic processes at the cellular level. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial activities of Co(III) and Ni(II) complexes with 5-methyl-3-formylpyrazole-N(4)-dihexylthiosemicarbazone (HMPzNHex2): X-ray crystallography and DFT calculations of [Co(MPzNHex2)2]ClO4·1.5H2O (I) and [Ni(HMPzNHex2)2]Cl2·2H2O (II). Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Synthesis and Characterization of trans-Dichlorotetrakis(imidazole)cobalt(III) Chloride: A New Cobalt(III) Coordination Complex with Potential Prodrug Properties. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2018; 2018:4560757. [PMID: 30254666 PMCID: PMC6140278 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4560757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous therapies for the treatment of cancer have been explored with increasing evidence that the use of metal-containing compounds could prove advantageous as anticancer therapeutics. Previous works on Ru(III) complexes suggest that structurally similar Co(III) complexes may provide good alternative, low-cost, effective prodrugs. Herein, a new complex, trans-[Co(imidazole)4Cl2]Cl (2), has been synthesized in high yields utilizing ligand exchange under refluxing conditions. The structure of 2 has been characterized by elemental analysis, 1H and 13C·NMR, ESI-MS, CV, and UV-Vis. The ability of 2 to become reduced in the presence of ascorbic acid was probed demonstrating the likely reduction of the Co(III) metal center to Co(II). In addition, preliminary cell line testing on 2 shows a lack of cytotoxicity.
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Co(III) complexes based on α-N-heterocyclic thiosemicarbazone ligands: DNA binding, DNA cleavage, and topoisomerase I/II inhibitory activity studies. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Glenister A, Chen CKJ, Tondl EM, Paterson D, Hambley TW, Renfrew AK. Targeting curcumin to specific tumour cell environments: the influence of ancillary ligands. Metallomics 2018; 9:699-705. [PMID: 28488704 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00275g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tumour-activation of prodrugs has the potential to improve the efficacy of anticancer agents while minimising systemic toxicity. Cobalt complexes are of interest in this respect as chaperones to deliver and release anticancer agents in the low oxygen, reducing environment of solid tumours. In addition to being able to release a cytotoxic ligand under the conditions of the tumour microenvironment, it is fundamental that the chaperone complex must also be able to penetrate through multiple cell layers to deliver the cytotoxin to all regions of the tumour. Herein, we report an investigation of the distribution and metabolism of two chaperone complexes of the anticancer agent curcumin within monolayer tumour cells and multicellular tumour spheroids. Using a combination of X-ray fluorescence microscopy, confocal fluorescence microscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, we demonstrate how the nature of the chaperone complex can profoundly influence the cellular uptake, distribution, and release mechanism of curcumin, providing key insights into the design of this class of prodrug.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Glenister
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.
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Abstract
Photoactivated chemotherapy is an approach where a biologically active compound is protected against interaction with the cell environment by a light-cleavable protecting group, and unprotected by light irradiation. As such, PACT represents a major scientific opportunity for developing new bioactive inorganic compounds. However, the societal impact of this approach will only take off if the PACT field is used to address real societal challenges, i.e., therapeutic questions that make sense in a clinical context, rather than purely chemical questions. In particular, I advocate here that the field has become mature enough to switch from a compound-based approach, where a particular cancer model is chosen only to demonstrate the utility of a compound, to a disease-based approach, where the question of which disease to cure comes first: which PACT compound should I make to solve that particular clinical problem? The advantages and disadvantages of PACT vs. other phototherapeutic techniques are discussed, and a roadmap towards real clinical applications of PACT is drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Cobalt (II) complexes bearing N , N , S tridentate ligands as precatalysts for 1,3-butadiene polymerization. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Buglyó P, Kacsir I, Kozsup M, Nagy I, Nagy S, Bényei AC, Kováts É, Farkas E. Tuning the redox potentials of ternary cobalt(III) complexes containing various hydroxamates. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Tabrizi L, Chiniforoshan H. New Ru II pincer complexes: synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation for photodynamic therapy. Dalton Trans 2018; 45:18333-18345. [PMID: 27805201 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03502g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Three new ruthenium(ii) complexes of NCN pincer and phenylcyanamide derivative ligands of the formula [Ru(L)(Ph2phen)(3,5-(NO2)2pcyd)], 1, [Ru(L)(Me2phen)(3,5-(NO2)2pcyd)], 2, and [Ru(L)(Cl2phen)(3,5-(NO2)2pcyd)], 3 (HL: 5-methoxy-1,3-bis(1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)benzene, 3,5-(NO2)2pcyd: 3,5-(NO2)2pcyd, Ph2phen: 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, Me2phen: 4,7-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, Cl2phen: 4,7-dichloro-1,10-phenanthroline) have been synthesized and studied as potential photosensitizers (PSs) in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The complexes exhibited promising 1O2 production quantum yields comparable with PSs available on the market. The DNA-binding interactions of the complexes with calf thymus DNA have been studied by absorption, emission, and viscosity measurements. All complexes cleave SC-DNA efficiently on photoactivation at 350 nm with the formation of singlet oxygen (1O2) and hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) in type-II and photoredox pathways. Complexes 1-3 showed very good uptake in cervical cancer cells (HeLa). The compounds studied were found to exhibit low toxicity against HeLa cells (IC50 > 300 μM) and, remarkably, on non-cancerous MRC-5 cells (IC50 > 100 μM) in the dark. However, 1 showed very promising behavior with an increment of about 90 times, in its cytotoxicity upon light illumination at 420 nm in addition to very good human plasma stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Tabrizi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Hossein Chiniforoshan
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
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Mitra K. Platinum complexes as light promoted anticancer agents: a redefined strategy for controlled activation. Dalton Trans 2018; 45:19157-19171. [PMID: 27883129 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03665a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Site-specific delivery and amenable activation of prodrugs are indispensible criteria for designing novel anticancer agents. Platinum based drugs vanguard the chemotherapeutic regimes and over the years significant attention has been paid to achieve more efficacious drugs with fewer adverse effects. The switch from platinum(ii) drugs to the inert platinum(iv) analogues proved advantageous but the new prodrugs still suffered from unspecific cytotoxic actions. Thus the photoactivation of an inert platinum prodrug specifically within neoplastic cells provided the desired spatio-temporal control over drug activation by means of illumination, thereby limiting the cytotoxic events to only at the targeted tumors. This article collates research on platinum complexes which exhibit potential light mediated anticancer effects and provides insights into the underlying mechanisms of activation. Fine tuning of the coordination sphere results in dramatic alteration of the redox and spectral properties of both ground and excited states and the cellular properties of the molecules. This concise article highlights the various light promoted strategies employed to attain a controlled release of active platinum(ii) and/or reactive oxygen species such as photoreduction, photocaging, photodissociation and photosensitization. Such dual action photoactive metal complexes with improved aqueous solubility and versatility are promising candidates for combination therapy which is likely to be the future of anticancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushambi Mitra
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560-012, India.
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Batista RC, da Silva Miranda F, Pinheiro CB, Lanznaster M. An Esculetin-Cobalt(III) Archetype for Redox-Activated Drug Delivery Platforms with Hypoxic Selectivity. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Crispim Batista
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Outeiro S J Batista SN 24020-141 Niterói RJ Brasil
| | - Fabio da Silva Miranda
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Outeiro S J Batista SN 24020-141 Niterói RJ Brasil
| | - Carlos Basílio Pinheiro
- Departamento de Física; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Av. Antônio Carlos 6627 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brasil
| | - Mauricio Lanznaster
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Outeiro S J Batista SN 24020-141 Niterói RJ Brasil
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