1
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Bhowmick T, Orthaber A. Main Group Pentafulvenes: Challenges and Opportunities in Heavy Main Group Isolobal Substitution of Pentafulvene. Chemphyschem 2024:e202300940. [PMID: 38709950 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Heterofulvenes based on isolobal substitution of carbon fragments by (heavier) main group motifs provide a rich source of structurally interesting building blocks with electronic situations that can vastly differ from all-carbon congeners. Group 13, heavier 14 & 16 fulvenes are rare and pose significant stability challenges, while group 15 derivatives, particularly phosphorus and arsenic, have led to many derivatives with intriguing opto-electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toma Bhowmick
- Department of Chemistry Ångström laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Chemistry Ångström laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Gupta P, Taeufer T, Siewert JE, Reiß F, Drexler HJ, Pospech J, Beweries T, Hering-Junghans C. Synthesis, Coordination Chemistry, and Mechanistic Studies of P,N-Type Phosphaalkene-Based Rh(I) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:11639-11650. [PMID: 35856631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of P,N-phosphaalkene ligands, py-CH═PMes* (1, py = 2-pyridyl, Mes* = 2,4,6-tBu-C6H2) and the novel quin-CH═PMes* (2, quin = 2-quinolinyl) is described. The reaction with [Rh(μ-Cl)cod]2 produces Rh(I) bis(phosphaalkene) chlorido complexes 3 and 4 with distorted trigonal bipyramidal coordination environments. Complexes 3 and 4 show a pronounced metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) from Rh into the ligand P═C π* orbitals. Upon heating, quinoline-based complex 4 undergoes twofold C-H bond activation at the o-tBu groups of the Mes* substituents to yield the cationic bis(phosphaindane) Rh(I) complex 5, which could not be observed for the pyridine-based analogue 3. Using sub- or superstoichiometric amounts of AgOTf the C-H bond activation at an o-tBu group of one or at both Mes* was detected, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) studies suggest an oxidative proton shift pathway as an alternative to a previously reported high-barrier oxidative addition at Rh(I). The Rh(I) mono- and bis(phosphaindane) triflate complexes 6 and 7, respectively, undergo deprotonation at the benzylic CH2 group of the phosphaindane unit in the presence of KOtBu to furnish neutral, distorted square-planar Rh(I) complexes 8 and 9, respectively, with one of the P,N ligands being dearomatized. All complexes were fully characterized, including multinuclear NMR, vibrational, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, as well as single-crystal X-ray and elemental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Gupta
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Tobias Taeufer
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan-Erik Siewert
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Fabian Reiß
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Drexler
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jola Pospech
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Torsten Beweries
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. (LIKAT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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3
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Clausing ST, Morales Salazar D, Orthaber A. Preparation, photo- and electrochemical studies of a homoleptic imine-phosphaalkene Cu(I) complex. Inorganica Chim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.119958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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4
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Green JP, Morales Salazar D, Gupta AK, Orthaber A. Golden Age of Fluorenylidene Phosphaalkenes-Synthesis, Structures, and Optical Properties of Heteroaromatic Derivatives and Their Gold Complexes. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14619-14626. [PMID: 32830965 PMCID: PMC7684575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
substitution of 2,7-dibromo-9-fluorenyl phosphaalkenes with
heteroaromatic substituents (bithiophene, benzothiophene, pyridine)
offers access to interesting push–pull dye molecules. Steric
shielding due to the bulky P-substituent gives marked different reactivities
at the 2- and 7-positions, allowing the synthesis of mixed/asymmetric
derivatives. Further functionalization via gold(I) coordination was
demonstrated and increased the acceptor character, concomitant with
a red-shifted absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Green
- Synthetic Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Morales Salazar
- Synthetic Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Synthetic Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Synthetic Molecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratories, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
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5
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Han Z, Röhner D, Samedov K, Gates DP. Isolable Phosphaalkenes Bearing 2,4,6-Trimethoxyphenyl and 2,6-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl as P-Substituents. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14643-14652. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Han
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - David Röhner
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kerim Samedov
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Derek P. Gates
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, Canada
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6
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Shinozaki T, Rosas-Sánchez A, Hashizume D, Ito S. Incomplete Electrocyclization of a Sterically Hindered 1,4-Diphosphabutadiene. Chempluschem 2020; 84:1761-1766. [PMID: 31943877 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Butadiene is the simplest neutral acyclic closed-shell π-conjugated system and is typically sufficiently stable enough to avoid electrocyclization to cyclobutene. In contrast, most congeners of butadiene containing heavier elements are easily converted into the corresponding 4-membered cyclobutene system. Herein, we demonstrate that the gauche 1,4-diphosphabutadiene (P=C-C=P) skeleton in a sterically encumbered 2,3-bis(phosphanylidene)-1,4-disilinane can be remarkably perturbed due to "incomplete electrocyclization" where P=C-C=P partially form the corresponding 1,2-dihydrodiphosphete (3,4-diphosphacyclobutene) by [2+2] electrocyclization. 31 P NMR data obtained in solution indicated that the coexistence of a closed ring substantially reduces the open-ring characteristics of the P=C-C=P moiety. However, the 31 P CP-MAS spectrum of 2,3-bis(phosphanylidene)-1,4-disilinane showed that the P=C-C=P structure is predominant in the solid-state. Single-crystal X-ray analysis revealed that decreasing the temperature promoted the generation of small amounts of incomplete 1,2-dihydrodiphosphete system in the crystalline state. Furthermore, the 1,2-dihydrodiphosphete units disappeared upon warming the single crystal, and this unique solid-state electrocyclization reaction was reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Shinozaki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H113, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Alfredo Rosas-Sánchez
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Ito
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H113, Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
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7
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Suter R, Benkő Z, Bispinghoff M, Grützmacher H. Annulated 1,3,4-Azadiphospholides: Heterocycles with Widely Tunable Optical Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Suter
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich; 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Zoltán Benkő
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Szent Gellért tér 4 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Mark Bispinghoff
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich; 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich; 8093 Zurich Switzerland
- Lehn Institute of Functional materials (LIFM); Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou China
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8
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Suter R, Benkő Z, Bispinghoff M, Grützmacher H. Annulated 1,3,4-Azadiphospholides: Heterocycles with Widely Tunable Optical Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11226-11231. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Suter
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich; 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Zoltán Benkő
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics; Szent Gellért tér 4 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Mark Bispinghoff
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich; 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences; ETH Zurich; 8093 Zurich Switzerland
- Lehn Institute of Functional materials (LIFM); Sun Yat-Sen University; 510275 Guangzhou China
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9
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El Nahhas A, Shameem MA, Chabera P, Uhlig J, Orthaber A. Synthesis and Characterization of Cyclopentadithiophene Heterofulvenes: Design Tools for Light-Activated Processes. Chemistry 2017; 23:5673-5677. [PMID: 28248442 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The development of new materials for solar-to-energy conversion should consider stability, ease of fabrication, and beneficial photophysical properties. In this context, a set of novel π-conjugated building blocks, with phospha- and arsaalkenes possessing a unique dithienyl annulated heterofulvenoid core, have been prepared as air- and moisture-stable sensitizers. These compounds unify electron-donor and -acceptor moieties, making them potential candidates for light-harvesting applications. Optical characterization of these systems was performed by steady-state and time-resolved absorption spectroscopy, supported by time-dependent DFT calculations. Tuning of the optical properties of these systems can be achieved by varying the pnictogen element at the bridgehead position, giving a bathochromic shift of ≈40 nm and coordinating the phosphaalkene towards gold AuI centers. The latter results in a ≈2000-fold extension of the ≈10 ps lifetime of uncoordinated systems well into the ns regime.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pavel Chabera
- Chemical Physics Department, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Jens Uhlig
- Chemical Physics Department, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström laboratories, Uppsala University, Sweden
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10
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Rawe BW, Brown CM, MacKinnon MR, Patrick BO, Bodwell GJ, Gates DP. A C-Pyrenyl Poly(methylenephosphine): Oxidation “Turns On” Blue Photoluminescence in Solution and the Solid State. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W. Rawe
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Christopher M. Brown
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Marc R. MacKinnon
- Department
of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland
and Labrador, Canada A1B
3X7
| | - Brian O. Patrick
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Graham J. Bodwell
- Department
of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland
and Labrador, Canada A1B
3X7
| | - Derek P. Gates
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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11
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Ito S, Shinozaki T, Mikami K. Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation of a Sterically Demanding gem-Dibromophosphaethene. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201601105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigekazu Ito
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro; Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Tomokazu Shinozaki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro; Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Koichi Mikami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro; Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
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12
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Shameem MA, Esfandiarfard K, Öberg E, Ott S, Orthaber A. Direct, Sequential, and Stereoselective Alkynylation of C,C-Dibromophosphaalkenes. Chemistry 2016; 22:10614-9. [PMID: 27310813 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The first direct alkynylation of C,C-dibromophosphaalkenes by a reaction with sulfonylacetylenes is reported. Alkynylation proceeds selectively in the trans position relative to the P substituent to afford bromoethynylphosphaalkenes. Owing to the absence of transition metals in the procedure, the previously observed conversion of dibromophosphaalkenes into phosphaalkynes through the phosphorus analog of the Fritsch-Buttenberg-Wiechell rearrangement is thus suppressed. The bromoethynylphosphaalkenes can subsequently be converted to C,C-diacetylenic, cross-conjugated phosphaalkenes by following a Sonogashira coupling protocol in good overall yields. By using the newly described method, full control over the stereochemistry at the P=C double bond is achieved. The substrate scope of this reaction is demonstrated for different dibromophosphaalkenes as well as different sulfonylacetylenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A Shameem
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratories, Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Keyhan Esfandiarfard
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratories, Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Öberg
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratories, Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratories, Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratories, Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120, Uppsala, Sweden.
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13
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Shameem MA, Orthaber A. Organophosphorus Compounds in Organic Electronics. Chemistry 2016; 22:10718-35. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201600005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Anwar Shameem
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratories; Uppsala University; Box 523 75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratories; Uppsala University; Box 523 75120 Uppsala Sweden
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