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Prakash O, Lindh L, Gupta AK, Hoang Hai YT, Kaul N, Chábera P, Lindgren F, Ericsson T, Häggström L, Strand D, Yartsev A, Lomoth R, Persson P, Wärnmark K. Correction to "Tailoring the Photophysical Properties of a Homoleptic Iron(II) Tetra N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex by Attaching an Imidazolium Group to the (C ∧N ∧C) Pincer Ligand─A Comparative Study". Inorg Chem 2024; 63:7104. [PMID: 38564587 PMCID: PMC11022169 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Linnea Lindh
- Chemical
Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
- Theoretical
Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Yen Tran Hoang Hai
- Theoretical
Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Nidhi Kaul
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala SE-751 20, Sweden
| | - Pavel Chábera
- Chemical
Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Lindgren
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala SE-751 20, Sweden
| | - Tore Ericsson
- Department
of Physics—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala SE-751 20, Sweden
| | - Lennart Häggström
- Department
of Physics—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala SE-751 20, Sweden
| | - Daniel Strand
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Arkady Yartsev
- Chemical
Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Reiner Lomoth
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala SE-751 20, Sweden
| | - Petter Persson
- Theoretical
Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
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Sutaoney P, Rai SN, Sinha S, Choudhary R, Gupta AK, Singh SK, Banerjee P. Current perspective in research and industrial applications of microbial cellulases. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130639. [PMID: 38453122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The natural interactions between various bacteria, fungi, and other cellulolytic microorganisms destroy lignocellulosic polymers. The efficacy of this process is determined by the combined action of three main enzymes: endoglucanases, exo-glucanases, and β-glucosidase. The enzyme attacks the polymeric structure's β-1,4-linkages during the cellulose breakdown reaction. This mechanism is crucial for the environment as it recycles cellulose in the biosphere. However, there are problems with enzymatic cellulose breakdown, including complex cellulase structure, insufficient degradation efficacy, high production costs, and post-translational alterations, many of which are closely related to certain unidentified cellulase properties. These issues impede the practical use of cellulases. A developing area of research is the application of this similar paradigm for industrial objectives. Cellulase enzyme exhibits greater promise in many critical industries, including biofuel manufacture, textile smoothing and finishing, paper and pulp manufacturing, and farming. However, the study on cellulolytic enzymes must move forward in various directions, including increasing the activity of cellulase as well as designing peptides to give biocatalysts their desired attributes. This manuscript includes an overview of current research on different sources of cellulases, their production, and biochemical characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Sutaoney
- Present address-Department of Microbiology, Kalinga University, Raipur 492101, Chhattisgarh, India; Microbiology Laboratory, School of Studies in Life Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sachchida Nand Rai
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sakshi Sinha
- Present address-Department of Microbiology, Kalinga University, Raipur 492101, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Rachana Choudhary
- Department of Microbiology, Shri Shankaracharya Mahavidyalaya, Junwani, Durg 490005, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - A K Gupta
- Microbiology Laboratory, School of Studies in Life Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Singh
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Paromita Banerjee
- Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, 249203, Uttarakhand, India.
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Prakash O, Chábera P, Kaul N, Hlynsson VF, Rosemann NW, Losada IB, Hoang Hai YT, Huang P, Bendix J, Ericsson T, Häggström L, Gupta AK, Strand D, Yartsev A, Lomoth R, Persson P, Wärnmark K. How Rigidity and Conjugation of Bidentate Ligands Affect the Geometry and Photophysics of Iron N-Heterocyclic Complexes: A Comparative Study. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:4461-4473. [PMID: 38421802 PMCID: PMC10934811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Two iron complexes featuring the bidentate, nonconjugated N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) 1,1'-methylenebis(3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene) (mbmi) ligand, where the two NHC moieties are separated by a methylene bridge, have been synthesized to exploit the combined influence of geometric and electronic effects on the ground- and excited-state properties of homoleptic FeIII-hexa-NHC [Fe(mbmi)3](PF6)3 and heteroleptic FeII-tetra-NHC [Fe(mbmi)2(bpy)](PF6)2 (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) complexes. They are compared to the reported FeIII-hexa-NHC [Fe(btz)3](PF6)3 and FeII-tetra-NHC [Fe(btz)2(bpy)](PF6)2 complexes containing the conjugated, bidentate mesoionic NHC ligand 3,3'-dimethyl-1,1'-bis(p-tolyl)-4,4'-bis(1,2,3-triazol-5-ylidene) (btz). The observed geometries of [Fe(mbmi)3](PF6)3 and [Fe(mbmi)2(bpy)](PF6)2 are evaluated through L-Fe-L bond angles and ligand planarity and compared to those of [Fe(btz)3](PF6)3 and [Fe(btz)2(bpy)](PF6)2. The FeII/FeIII redox couples of [Fe(mbmi)3](PF6)3 (-0.38 V) and [Fe(mbmi)2(bpy)](PF6)2 (-0.057 V, both vs Fc+/0) are less reducing than [Fe(btz)3](PF6)3 and [Fe(btz)2(bpy)](PF6)2. The two complexes show intense absorption bands in the visible region: [Fe(mbmi)3](PF6)3 at 502 nm (ligand-to-metal charge transfer, 2LMCT) and [Fe(mbmi)2(bpy)](PF6)2 at 410 and 616 nm (metal-to-ligand charge transfer, 3MLCT). Lifetimes of 57.3 ps (2LMCT) for [Fe(mbmi)3](PF6)3 and 7.6 ps (3MLCT) for [Fe(mbmi)2(bpy)](PF6)2 were probed and are somewhat shorter than those for [Fe(btz)3](PF6)3 and [Fe(btz)2(bpy)](PF6)2. [Fe(mbmi)3](PF6)3 exhibits photoluminescence at 686 nm (2LMCT) in acetonitrile at room temperature with a quantum yield of (1.2 ± 0.1) × 10-4, compared to (3 ± 0.5) × 10-4 for [Fe(btz)3](PF6)3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Pavel Chábera
- Chemical
Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Nidhi Kaul
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box
523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Valtýr F. Hlynsson
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Nils W. Rosemann
- Chemical
Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Iria Bolaño Losada
- Theoretical
Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Yen Tran Hoang Hai
- Theoretical
Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ping Huang
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box
523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jesper Bendix
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tore Ericsson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lennart Häggström
- Department
of Physics − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Daniel Strand
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Arkady Yartsev
- Chemical
Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Reiner Lomoth
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box
523, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Petter Persson
- Theoretical
Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
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4
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Gupta A, Gupta AK. Competition for resources in an exclusion model with biased lane-changing mechanism. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:034132. [PMID: 38632803 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.034132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The motivation for the proposed work is drawn from the attachment-detachment observed in biological and physical transport processes that entail finite resources. We investigate the influence of limited particle availability on particle dynamics within two parallel totally asymmetric simple exclusion lanes, with one lane incorporating only particle detachment and the other considering particle attachment. We establish a theoretical framework by employing vertical mean-field theory in conjunction with singular perturbation technique. The analytical findings are supported by numerical and stochastic validation using a finite-difference scheme and the Gillespie algorithm. By utilizing these approaches, we scrutinize various stationary properties, including particle densities, phase boundaries, and particle currents for both lanes. Our analysis reveals that the complexity of the phase diagram exhibits a nonmonotonic trend in the number of stationary phases as the particle count increases. Each phase diagram is constructed with respect to the intrinsic boundary parameters, illustrating both bulk and surface transitions occurring within the lanes. The interplay between finite resources and coupling mechanisms gives rise to two phases involving upward shock in one of the lanes, while two phases exhibit synchronized downward shock in both lanes. Finally, we delve into shock dynamics to comprehend critical phase transitions occurring in the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Gupta
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar-140001, Punjab, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar-140001, Punjab, India
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Maniero C, Ng SM, Collett G, Godec T, Siddiqui I, Antoniou S, Kumar A, Janmohamed A, Nair S, Kotecha A, Khan R, Khanji MY, Kapil V, Gupta J, Gupta AK. Differential impact of COVID-19 on mental health and burnout. Occup Med (Lond) 2024; 74:45-52. [PMID: 37040624 PMCID: PMC10875923 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There may be differential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and burnout rates of healthcare professionals (HCPs) performing different roles. AIMS To examine mental health and burnout rates, and possible drivers for any disparities between professional roles. METHODS In this cohort study, online surveys were distributed to HCPs in July-September 2020 (baseline) and re-sent 4 months later (follow-up; December 2020) assessing for probable major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), insomnia, mental well-being and burnout (emotional exhaustion and depersonalization). Separate logistic regression models (at both phases) compared the risk of outcomes between roles: healthcare assistants (HCAs), nurses and midwives (nurses), allied health professionals (AHPs) and doctors (reference group). Separate linear regression models were also developed relating the change in scores to professional role. RESULTS At baseline (n = 1537), nurses had a 1.9-fold and 2.5-fold increased risk of MDD and insomnia, respectively. AHPs had a 1.7-fold and 1.4-fold increased risk of MDD and emotional exhaustion, respectively. At follow-up (n = 736), the disproportionate risk between doctors and others worsened: nurses and HCAs were at 3.7-fold and 3.6-fold increased risk of insomnia, respectively. Nurses also had a significantly increased risk of MDD, GAD, poor mental well-being and burnout. Nurses also had significantly worsened anxiety, mental well-being and burnout scores over time, relative to doctors. CONCLUSIONS Nurses and AHPs had excess risk of adverse mental health and burnout during the pandemic, and this difference worsened over time (in nurses especially). Our findings support adoption of targeted strategies accounting for different HCP roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Maniero
- Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - S M Ng
- Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - G Collett
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - T Godec
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - I Siddiqui
- Wellbeing Hub, Newham Training Hub, London E15 1HP, UK
- Northeast London CCG, London E15 1DA, UK
- Woodgrange Medical Practice, London E7 0QH, UK
| | - S Antoniou
- Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - A Kumar
- Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust, Wigan WN1 1XX, UK
| | - A Janmohamed
- St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK
| | - S Nair
- Glan Clwyd Hospital, Betsi Cadwaladr University Health Board, Wales LL18 5UJ, UK
| | - A Kotecha
- Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
| | - R Khan
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, UK
| | - M Y Khanji
- Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- UCLPartners, London W1T 7HA, UK
- Newham University Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E13 8SL, UK
| | - V Kapil
- Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, UK
| | - J Gupta
- South West London and St George’s Mental Health NHS Trust, London SW17 0YF, UK
| | - A K Gupta
- Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London EC1A 7BE, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London E1 1BB, UK
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Prakash O, Lindh L, Gupta AK, Hoang Hai YT, Kaul N, Chábera P, Lindgren F, Ericsson T, Häggström L, Strand D, Yartsev A, Lomoth R, Persson P, Wärnmark K. Tailoring the Photophysical Properties of a Homoleptic Iron(II) Tetra N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complex by Attaching an Imidazolium Group to the (C ∧N ∧C) Pincer Ligand─A Comparative Study. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:2909-2918. [PMID: 38301278 PMCID: PMC10865346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
We here report the synthesis of the homoleptic iron(II) N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complex [Fe(miHpbmi)2](PF6)4 (miHpbmi = 4-((3-methyl-1H-imidazolium-1-yl)pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene)) and its electrochemical and photophysical properties. The introduction of the π-electron-withdrawing 3-methyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium-1-yl group into the NHC ligand framework resulted in stabilization of the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) state and destabilization of the metal-centered (MC) states. This resulted in an improved excited-state lifetime of 16 ps compared to the 9 ps for the unsubstituted parent compound [Fe(pbmi)2](PF6)2 (pbmi = (pyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene)) as well as a stronger MLCT absorption band extending more toward the red spectral region. However, compared to the carboxylic acid derivative [Fe(cpbmi)2](PF6)2 (cpbmi = 1,1'-(4-carboxypyridine-2,6-diyl)bis(3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene)), the excited-state lifetime of [Fe(miHpbmi)2](PF6)4 is the same, but both the extinction and the red shift are more pronounced for the former. Hence, this makes [Fe(miHpbmi)2](PF6)4 a promising pH-insensitive analogue of [Fe(cpbmi)2](PF6)2. Finally, the excited-state dynamics of the title compound [Fe(miHpbmi)2](PF6)4 was investigated in solvents with different viscosities, however, showing very little dependency of the depopulation of the excited states on the properties of the solvent used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Linnea Lindh
- Chemical
Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
- Theoretical
Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Yen Tran Hoang Hai
- Theoretical
Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Nidhi Kaul
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala SE-751 20, Sweden
| | - Pavel Chábera
- Chemical
Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Lindgren
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala SE-751 20, Sweden
| | - Tore Ericsson
- Department of Physics—Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala SE-751
20, Sweden
| | - Lennart Häggström
- Department of Physics—Ångström
Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala SE-751
20, Sweden
| | - Daniel Strand
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Arkady Yartsev
- Chemical
Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Reiner Lomoth
- Department
of Chemistry—Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, Uppsala SE-751 20, Sweden
| | - Petter Persson
- Theoretical
Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- Centre
for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden
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7
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Bhatia N, Gupta AK. Totally asymmetric simple exclusion process with local resetting in a resource-constrained environment. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:024109. [PMID: 38491687 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.024109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by the process of mRNA translation, in which the stochastic degradation of mRNA-ribosome machinery is modeled by the resetting dynamics, we study an open totally asymmetric simple exclusion process with local resetting at the entry site in a resource-constrained environment. The effect of constrained resources on the stationary properties of the system has been comprehended in the form of the filling factor. The mean-field approximations are utilized to obtain stationary state features, such as density profiles and phase diagrams. The phase diagram possesses pure phases as well as coexisting phases, including a low-density-high-density phase separation, which did not manifest under periodic boundary conditions despite the system being closed there as well. The role of the resetting rate has been investigated on the stationary properties of the system, depending on how the filling factor scales with the system size. In contrast to the resetting model for infinite resources, two distinct phase transitions are observed for the smaller values of the filling factor leading to a change in the topology of the phase diagram. The impact of the resetting rate along with the finite-size effect has also been examined on the shock dynamics. All the mean-field results are found in remarkable agreement with the Monte Carlo simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Bhatia
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Punjab, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar Punjab, India
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8
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Hajra S, Mondal R, Maharjan M, Jha N, Bhartendu, Rijal P, Kant R, Gupta AK. Bone marrow histoplasmosis-the hidden culprit in an immunodeficiency setting. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2024; 46:106-107. [PMID: 37739859 PMCID: PMC10935457 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Hajra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Ratna Mondal
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Monika Maharjan
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nishi Jha
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Bhartendu
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Prabhat Rijal
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ravi Kant
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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9
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Gupta A, Gupta AK. Exclusion processes on a roundabout traffic model with constrained resources. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:064116. [PMID: 38243508 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.064116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Motivated by the vehicular traffic phenomenon at roundabouts, we examine how the limited availability of resources affects the movement of two distinct types of particles on bidirectional lanes connected by two bridges, with each bridge specifically designated for the transportation of one species. To provide a theoretical ground for our findings, we employ a mean-field framework and successfully validate them through dynamic Monte Carlo simulations. Based on the theoretical analysis, we analytically derive various stationary properties, such as the particle densities, phase boundaries, and particle currents, for all the possible symmetric as well as asymmetric phases. The qualitative as well as quantitative behavior of the system is significantly affected by the constraint on the number of resources. The complexity of the phase diagram shows a nonmonotonic behavior with an increasing number of particles in the system. Analytical arguments enable the identification of several critical values for the total number of particles, leading to a qualitative change in the phase diagrams. The interplay of the finite resources and the bidirectional transport yields unanticipated and unusual features such as back-and-forth transition, the presence of two congested phases where particle movement is halted, as well as shock phases induced by boundaries and the bulk of the system. Also, it is found that spontaneous symmetry-breaking phenomena are induced even for very few particles in the system. Moreover, we thoroughly examine the location of shocks by varying the parameters controlling the system's boundaries, providing insights into possible phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Gupta
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar-140001, Punjab, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar-140001, Punjab, India
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10
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Radhapyari L, Verma PK, Kumar V, Kumar M, Gupta AK, Bhat NK. Association between neutrophil lymphocyte ratio and status of symptom control in children and adolescents with bronchial asthma. Trop Doct 2023; 53:428-432. [PMID: 37226508 DOI: 10.1177/00494755231175709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), an easy and readily available biomarker of systemic inflammation, has been less studied so far as a putative marker of asthma control. Our study aimed to assess its feasibility. A total of 90 asthmatic children, aged 5-18 years, diagnosed according to Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines, were. Control status of asthma was assessed using the asthma control test (ACT) or childhood ACT and categorized as controlled group-1 (ACT > 19) and uncontrolled group-2 (ACT ≤ 19). The difference between mean values in both groups was analysed, finding a significant difference between children with and without a family history (p = 0.004) and those with and without a need for admission (p = 0.045). Also, a significant association was established between NLR and the type of severity of asthma (p = 0.049), but none between NLR and age, gender, BMI, coexisting allergic rhinitis, or asthma exacerbation. Thus we found no significant association between NLR and symptom control status. However, NLR has the potential to be a putative marker of inflammation, although its relative status to CRP needs further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourembam Radhapyari
- Junior resident Doctor, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Verma
- Additional Professor, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Nowneet Kumar Bhat
- Professor, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
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11
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Johnson CE, Schwarz J, Deegbey M, Prakash O, Sharma K, Huang P, Ericsson T, Häggström L, Bendix J, Gupta AK, Jakubikova E, Wärnmark K, Lomoth R. Ferrous and ferric complexes with cyclometalating N-heterocyclic carbene ligands: a case of dual emission revisited. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10129-10139. [PMID: 37772113 PMCID: PMC10530338 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02806b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron N-heterocyclic carbene (FeNHC) complexes with long-lived charge transfer states are emerging as a promising class of photoactive materials. We have synthesized [FeII(ImP)2] (ImP = bis(2,6-bis(3-methylimidazol-2-ylidene-1-yl)phenylene)) that combines carbene ligands with cyclometalation for additionally improved ligand field strength. The 9 ps lifetime of its 3MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) state however reveals no benefit from cyclometalation compared to Fe(ii) complexes with NHC/pyridine or pure NHC ligand sets. In acetonitrile solution, the Fe(ii) complex forms a photoproduct that features emission characteristics (450 nm, 5.1 ns) that were previously attributed to a higher (2MLCT) state of its Fe(iii) analogue [FeIII(ImP)2]+, which led to a claim of dual (MLCT and LMCT) emission. Revisiting the photophysics of [FeIII(ImP)2]+, we confirmed however that higher (2MLCT) states of [FeIII(ImP)2]+ are short-lived (<10 ps) and therefore, in contrast to the previous interpretation, cannot give rise to emission on the nanosecond timescale. Accordingly, pristine [FeIII(ImP)2]+ prepared by us only shows red emission from its lower 2LMCT state (740 nm, 240 ps). The long-lived, higher energy emission previously reported for [FeIII(ImP)2]+ is instead attributed to an impurity, most probably a photoproduct of the Fe(ii) precursor. The previously reported emission quenching on the nanosecond time scale hence does not support any excited state reactivity of [FeIII(ImP)2]+ itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ellen Johnson
- Department of Chemistry -Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Jesper Schwarz
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Mawuli Deegbey
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27695 USA
| | - Om Prakash
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Kumkum Sharma
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Chemistry -Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Tore Ericsson
- Department of Physics - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 SE-751 20 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Lennart Häggström
- Department of Physics - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 SE-751 20 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Jesper Bendix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen Universitetsparken 5 DK-2100 Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Elena Jakubikova
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27695 USA
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Reiner Lomoth
- Department of Chemistry -Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden
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12
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Gupta AK, Singh K, Patidar Y, Sharma R, Sardesai AA, Reddy G, Gopal B. Allosteric Determinants in High Temperature Requirement A Enzymes Are Conserved and Regulate the Population of Active Conformations. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:1487-1499. [PMID: 37319329 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
High temperature requirement A (HtrA) are allosterically regulated enzymes wherein effector binding to the PDZ domain triggers proteolytic activity. Yet, it remains unclear if the inter-residue network governing allostery is conserved across HtrA enzymes. Here, we investigated and identified the inter-residue interaction networks by molecular dynamics simulations on representative HtrA proteases, Escherichia coli DegS and Mycobacterium tuberculosis PepD, in effector-bound and free forms. This information was used to engineer mutations that could potentially perturb allostery and conformational sampling in a different homologue, M. tuberculosis HtrA. Mutations in HtrA perturbed allosteric regulation─a finding consistent with the hypothesis that the inter-residue interaction network is conserved across HtrA enzymes. Electron density from data collected on cryo-protected HtrA crystals revealed that mutations altered the topology of the active site. Ensemble models fitted into electron density calculated from room-temperature diffraction data showed that only a fraction of these models had a catalytically competent active site conformation alongside a functional oxyanion hole thus providing experimental evidence that these mutations influenced conformational sampling. Mutations at analogous positions in the catalytic domain of DegS perturbed the coupling between effector binding and proteolytic activity, thus confirming the role of these residues in the allosteric response. The finding that a perturbation in the conserved inter-residue network alters conformational sampling and the allosteric response suggests that an ensemble allosteric model best describes regulated proteolysis in HtrA enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Kushal Singh
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Yogesh Patidar
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500039, India
| | - Ravish Sharma
- Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad 500039, India
| | | | - Govardhan Reddy
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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13
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Connell NT, Caicedo J, Nieto N, Chatterjee S, Hait A, Gupta AK, Bullano M, Schultz BG. Real-world healthcare costs and resource utilization in patients with von Willebrand disease and angiodysplasia. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37183836 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2023.2211270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the economic burden among VWD patients with angiodysplasia compared to VWD patients without angiodysplasia and the general population. METHODS This was a retrospective analysis using the Merative MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Databases® (January 2011-September 2020). Selected patients had ≥1 medical claim for VWD or low VWF, ≥1 medical claim for AGD, and ≥3 GI-related bleeding episodes within a year. HCRU and all-cause costs were compared with the VWD (only) and the general cohorts. RESULTS The mean total all-cause costs were $150,101 among patients with VWD and angiodysplasia (n = 34), higher compared to $48,249 among matched VWD patients without angiodysplasia (n = 136) and $31,029 among matched individuals of the general population [n = 136; p-value < 0.0001]. The differences in costs between groups were primarily due to inpatient care. During the 12-month follow-up, VWD patients with symptomatic (n = 35), asymptomatic (n = 81), and suspected (n = 378) angiodysplasia had an average of 4.1, 0.6, and 3.8 gastrointestinal (GI) bleeds, respectively. Desmopressin, VWF concentrates, and aminocaproic acid were the most frequent treatments used. The most frequent procedures to treat GI-related bleeding and underlying lesions were blood transfusion and laser therapy. CONCLUSIONS Despite recent therapeutic advances, there is room for considerable reduction of the disease burden in patients with VWD and angiodysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- N T Connell
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Caicedo
- US Medical Affairs, Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA Inc, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - N Nieto
- US Medical Affairs, Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA Inc, Lexington, MA, USA
| | | | - A Hait
- Complete HEOR Solutions, North Wales, PA, USA
| | - A K Gupta
- Complete HEOR Solutions, North Wales, PA, USA
| | - M Bullano
- US Medical Affairs, Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA Inc, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - B G Schultz
- US Medical Affairs, Takeda Pharmaceuticals USA Inc, Lexington, MA, USA
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14
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Sharma A, Gupta AK, Devi B. Current trends in management of bacterial pathogens infecting plants. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2023; 116:303-326. [PMID: 36683073 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Plants are continuously challenged by different pathogenic microbes that reduce the quality and quantity of produce and therefore pose a serious threat to food security. Among them bacterial pathogens are known to cause disease outbreaks with devastating economic losses in temperate, tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. Bacteria are structurally simple prokaryotic microorganisms and are diverse from a metabolic standpoint. Bacterial infection process mainly involves successful attachment or penetration by using extracellular enzymes, type secretion systems, toxins, growth regulators and by exploiting different molecules that modulate plant defence resulting in successful colonization. Theses bacterial pathogens are extremely difficult to control as they develop resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, attempts are made to search for innovative methods of disease management by the targeting bacterial virulence and manipulating the genes in host plants by exploiting genome editing methods. Here, we review the recent developments in bacterial disease management including the bioactive antimicrobial compounds, bacteriophage therapy, quorum-quenching mediated control, nanoparticles and CRISPR/Cas based genome editing techniques for bacterial disease management. Future research should focus on implementation of smart delivery systems and consumer acceptance of these innovative methods for sustainable disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Thunag- Mandi, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 230, India.
| | - A K Gupta
- Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 230, India
| | - Banita Devi
- Department of Plant Pathology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 230, India
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15
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Shameem MA, Gupta AK, Erdélyi M, Orthaber A. 1-Phospha-butadienes and 1H-phospholes via alkynylation of acetylenic phosphaalkenes. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300054. [PMID: 36877662 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-rich motifs are important building blocks for the fabrication of functional and opto-electronic materials. Electronic tuning can be achieved by alteration of bonding topologies but also via incorporation of heteroelements, e.g. phosphorus. Herein we present the palladium/copper mediated formation of branched 1-phospha-butadiene derivatives through an unusual alkynylation of a phospha-enyne fragment. Structural and NMR studies provide mechanistic insights into this alkynylation. Furthermore, we disclose a complex cyclisation of the thus obtained 3-yne-1-phosphabutadiene motifs to give highly substituted phosphole derivatives identified by 2D NMR and SC-XRD analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Anwar Shameem
- University of Gothenburg Faculty of Science: Goteborgs universitet Naturvetenskapliga Fakulteten, Department of Chemistry & Molecular Biology, SWEDEN
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Lund University: Lunds Universitet, Center for Analysis and Synthesis, SWEDEN
| | - Máté Erdélyi
- Uppsala Universitet Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsomradet: Uppsala Universitet Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Department of Chemistry BMC - Organic Chemistry, SWEDEN
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Uppsala Universitet Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsomradet: Uppsala Universitet Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga fakulteten, Chemistry - Angstrom, BOX 523, 57120, Uppsala, SWEDEN
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16
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Jain A, Gupta AK. Modeling mRNA Translation With Ribosome Abortions. IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform 2023; 20:1600-1605. [PMID: 36044491 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2022.3203171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We derive a deterministic mathematical model for the flow of ribosomes along a mRNA called the ribosome flow model with extended objects and abortions (RFMEOA). This model incorporates important cellular features such as every ribosome covers several codons and they may detach from various regions along the track due to more realistic biological situations including phenomena of ribosome-ribosome collisions. We prove that the ribosome density profile along the mRNA in the RFMEOA and in particular, the protein production rate converge to a unique steady-state. Simulations of the RFMEOA demonstrate a surprising result that an increase in the initiation rate may sometimes lead to a decrease in the production rate. We believe that this model could be helpful to provide insight into the effects of premature termination on the protein expression and be useful for understanding and re-engineering the translation process.
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17
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Abstract
Motivated by the interplay of multiple species in several real world transport processes, we propose a bidirectional totally asymmetric simple exclusion process with two finite particle reservoirs regulating the inflow of oppositely directed particles corresponding to two different species. The system's stationary characteristics, such as densities, currents, etc., are investigated using a theoretical framework based on mean-field approximation and are supported by extensive Monte Carlo simulations. The impact of individual species populations, quantified by filling factor, has been comprehensively analyzed considering both equal and unequal conditions. For the equal case, the system exhibits the spontaneous symmetry-breaking phenomena and admits both symmetric as well as asymmetric phases. Moreover, the phase diagram exhibits a different asymmetric phase and displays a nonmonotonic variation in the number of phases with respect to the filling factor. For unequal filling factors, the phase schema can display at most five phases including a phase that shows maximal current for one of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Gupta
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar-140001, Punjab, India
| | - Bipasha Pal
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar-140001, Punjab, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar-140001, Punjab, India
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18
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D'Imperio N, Pelliccioli V, Grecchi S, Bossi A, Vasile F, Cauteruccio S, Arkhypchuk AI, Kumar Gupta A, Orthaber A, Ott S, Licandro E. Highly Conjugated Bis(benzo[
b
]phosphole)‐
P
‐oxides: Synthesis and Electrochemical, Optical, and Computational Studies. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202201209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas D'Imperio
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University Box 523 751 20 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Valentina Pelliccioli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Sara Grecchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Alberto Bossi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-SCITEC) Via Fantoli 16/15 20138 Milano Italy
- SmartMatLab Center via Golgi 19 I-20133 Milano Italy
| | - Francesca Vasile
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Silvia Cauteruccio
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Anna I. Arkhypchuk
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University Box 523 751 20 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University Box 523 751 20 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Andreas Orthaber
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University Box 523 751 20 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Sascha Ott
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University Box 523 751 20 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Emanuela Licandro
- Dipartimento di Chimica Università degli Studi di Milano Via Golgi 19 20133 Milano Italy
- SmartMatLab Center via Golgi 19 I-20133 Milano Italy
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Gupta A, Pal B, Jindal A, Bhatia N, Gupta AK. Modelling of transport processes: Theory and simulations. MethodsX 2022; 10:101966. [PMID: 36578289 PMCID: PMC9791607 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2022.101966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The transport processes, being a non-equilibrium system, have been a point of interest for physicists since many years revealing and explaining several unexpected effects. Such systems are often dealt with an archetypal model, known as totally asymmetric simple exclusion process, with two different types of boundary conditions: open and periodic. Moreover, these models are analyzed in two varieties of dynamics, random sequential and parallel updates, even at the micro level which play an important role in the global dynamics of the system. On contrary to the random sequential rule, the parallel updates introduce correlations in the system. Using theoretical and numerical methods in the framework based on mean-field approaches, the system properties are analyzed in both transient and steady state.•Both the updating rules are realized using Monte Carlo simulations.•In simplest form, mean-field approach ignores all the correlations and the results coincide with the random sequential update.•Correlations are induced in the system due to parallel update, therefore, a cluster mean-field theory is also discussed to handle them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Gupta
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar Rupnagar-140001, Punjab, India
| | - Bipasha Pal
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar Rupnagar-140001, Punjab, India
| | - Akriti Jindal
- Department of Computer Science, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Nikhil Bhatia
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar Rupnagar-140001, Punjab, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar Rupnagar-140001, Punjab, India,Corresponding author.
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20
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Prakash O, Lindh L, Kaul N, Rosemann NW, Losada IB, Johnson C, Chábera P, Ilic A, Schwarz J, Gupta AK, Uhlig J, Ericsson T, Häggström L, Huang P, Bendix J, Strand D, Yartsev A, Lomoth R, Persson P, Wärnmark K. Photophysical Integrity of the Iron(III) Scorpionate Framework in Iron(III)–NHC Complexes with Long-Lived 2LMCT Excited States. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:17515-17526. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100Lund, Sweden
| | - Linnea Lindh
- Chemical Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100Lund, Sweden
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100Lund, Sweden
| | - Nidhi Kaul
- Department of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nils W. Rosemann
- Chemical Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100Lund, Sweden
| | - Iria Bolaño Losada
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100Lund, Sweden
| | - Catherine Johnson
- Department of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pavel Chábera
- Chemical Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100Lund, Sweden
| | - Aleksandra Ilic
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100Lund, Sweden
| | - Jesper Schwarz
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100Lund, Sweden
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100Lund, Sweden
| | - Jens Uhlig
- Chemical Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100Lund, Sweden
| | - Tore Ericsson
- Department of Physics − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lennart Häggström
- Department of Physics − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jesper Bendix
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Strand
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100Lund, Sweden
| | - Arkady Yartsev
- Chemical Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100Lund, Sweden
| | - Reiner Lomoth
- Department of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, SE-75120Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Petter Persson
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100Lund, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, SE-22100Lund, Sweden
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21
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Jain A, Kumar A, Kumar Gupta A. A theoretical framework to analyse the flow of particles in a dynamical system with stochastic transition rates and site capacities. R Soc Open Sci 2022; 9:220698. [PMID: 36277836 PMCID: PMC9579774 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We study the stochasticity in a dynamical model: ribosome flow model with different site sizes that models the unidirectional movement of particles controlled by transition rates along a lattice having different site sizes. Our work models the parameters as random variables with known distributions and investigates the steady-state flow rate under this notion by using tools from the random matrix theory. Some closed-form theoretical results are derived for the steady-state flow rate under some restrictive assumptions such as random variables being independent and identically distributed. Furthermore, for arbitrary but bounded stochastic transition rates, stochastic site capacities, or both, we establish bounds for the steady-state flow rate. Our analysis can be generalized and applied to study the flow of particles in numerous transport systems in the stochastic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Jain
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001 Punjab, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001 Punjab, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001 Punjab, India
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22
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Pal B, Gupta AK. Reservoir crowding in a resource-constrained exclusion process with a dynamic defect. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:044130. [PMID: 36397510 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.044130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To understand the complicated transport processes that occur in biological and physical systems, we investigate a constrained totally asymmetric simple exclusion process with a stochastic defect particle. The defect particle might randomly emerge or vanish, resulting in a dynamic defect, and slows down the flow of moving particles when attached to the lattice. Using a mean-field technique, we examine the steady-state characteristics and boundary-layer analysis is provided to comprehend the properties of finite system. In a simplification, our theoretical method unifies three different parameter used to define the defect dynamics into one parameter termed the obstruction factor. It is found that the defect kinetics lead to emergence of phases where the current is defect restricted. The system shows nine phases overall, including bulk-induced and boundary-induced shock phases, with the phase schema showing no more than eight phases depending on the dynamics. We found that variation of obstruction does not lead to qualitative transition in the system, whereas the change in constraint on total particles affect the system qualitatively. All the theoretical outcomes have been validated using extensive Monte Carlo simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipasha Pal
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
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Khanal A, Hajra S, Verma PK, Yadav GK, Charan GK, Singh A, Azad S, Gupta AK. Chediak Higashi syndrome with pancytopenia: a rare presentation of a rare disease and the role of hair shaft microscopy in the diagnosis. Ann Hematol 2022; 101:2775-2776. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-022-04980-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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24
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Abstract
Background Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of hair loss, often challenging to treat. While oral finasteride (1 mg/day) is an FDA-approved treatment for male AGA, oral minoxidil and oral dutasteride are not approved yet. However, clinicians have been increasingly using these two drugs off-label for hair loss. Recently, Japan and South Korea have approved oral dutasteride (0.5 mg/day) for male AGA.Efficacy and safety A probable efficacy ranking, in decreasing order, is- dutasteride 0.5 mg/day, finasteride 5 mg/day, minoxidil 5 mg/day, finasteride 1 mg/day, followed by minoxidil 0.25 mg/day. Oral minoxidil predominantly causes hypertrichosis and cardiovascular system (CVS) symptoms/signs in a dose-dependent manner, whereas oral finasteride and dutasteride are associated with sexual dysfunction and neuropsychiatric side effects.Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics The average plasma half-lives of minoxidil, finasteride, and dutasteride are ∼4 hours, ∼4.5 hours, and ∼5 weeks, respectively. Minoxidil acts through multiple pathways to promote hair growth. It has been shown as a vasodilator, an anti-inflammatory agent, a Wnt/β-catenin signaling inducer, and an antiandrogen. Finasteride inhibits 5 α-reductase (5AR) type II isoenzyme, while dutasteride inhibits both type I and type II. Thus, dutasteride suppresses DHT levels more than finasteride in the serum and scalp.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Gupta
- Mediprobe Research Inc., London, ON, Canada.,Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - M Talukder
- Mediprobe Research Inc., London, ON, Canada
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25
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Gupta AK, Venkataraman M, Joshi LT, Cooper EA. Potential use of microwave technology in dermatology. J DERMATOL TREAT 2022; 33:2899-2910. [PMID: 35699665 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2022.2089333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microwaves are used in medicine for diagnostics, and treatment of cancer. Recently, novel microwave devices (Swift®, Emblation Ltd, UK and miraDry®, Miramar Labs Inc., CA) have been cleared by the FDA and Health Canada for various dermatological conditions. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS To review the dermatological use of microwave-based treatments (plantar warts, corns, actinic keratosis, dermatophytosis, axillary hyperhidrosis, osmidrosis, and hidradenitis suppurativa). Clinical trials, case reports, or in vitro studies for each condition are summarized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Microwaves are a promising alternative therapy for cutaneous warts, actinic keratosis, axillary hyperhidrosis, and osmidrosis, with favorable safety profiles. However, patients with hidradenitis suppurativa have had negative clinical outcomes. Limited treatment of corns showed good pain reduction but did not resolve hyperkeratosis. A preliminary in vitro study indicated that microwave treatment inhibits the growth of T. rubrum. We present the first case of toenail onychomycosis successfully treated with microwaves. Despite the advancements in the use of microwaves, the mechanism of action in non-ablative treatment is not well understood; further research is needed. More high-quality randomized clinical trials with larger groups and long follow-up periods are also required to evaluate the clinical benefits and possible adverse effects of microwaves in treating dermatological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Gupta
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Mediprobe Research Inc, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - L T Joshi
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - E A Cooper
- Mediprobe Research Inc, London, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Kunnumbrath A, Singh N, Gupta AK, Chowdhury N, Nath UK, Chandra H. Flow Cytometric Expression of CD49d in Newly Diagnosed Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Its Correlation with Established Prognostic Markers. J Lab Physicians 2022; 14:435-442. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1748828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the commonest hematological malignancy in the West but is relatively uncommon in India. The prognosis of CLL is determined by well-established prognostic markers. CD49d has been emerging as a promising prognostic marker in CLL. CD49d expression in CLL has been found to have an aggressive clinical course, shorter time to first treatment, and poorer prognosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the flow cytometric expression of CD49d in newly diagnosed CLL and to correlate its expression with clinico-hematological parameters.
Materials and Methods Twenty-five consecutive patients of CLL, diagnosed on flow cytometry, were included in the study. Patients on treatment or those with relapse were excluded. The panel for flow cytometry included the routine markers used for CLL diagnosis along with CD49d. The expression of CD49d was correlated with clinico-hematological parameters in all patients. “R” software was used for the statistical analysis. Fisher's exact test and Wilcox test were used to assess the correlation of CD49d to categorical and continuous data, respectively.
Results The mean age of the patients was 62.6 ± 12.5 years, and 80% were symptomatic at diagnosis. CD49d expression was found in 44% cases, with a higher proportion being male patients. CD49d and prolymphocyte percentage showed a statistically significant correlation (p = 0.0007). We found a statistically significant correlation between CD49d expression and lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly with p-values of 0.033 and 0.0472, respectively. CD49d positivity correlated significantly with a higher Rai stage (p = 0.0196) and intermediate and high-risk cases according to Binet staging (p = 0.033).
Conclusion CD49d expression in the present study correlated with a higher prolymphocyte percentage, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and higher Rai and Binet stages. CD49d expression on flow cytometry was reproducible and easy to interpret.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arathi Kunnumbrath
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nilotpal Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Uttam Kumar Nath
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Harish Chandra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Abstract
We study a deterministic framework for important cellular transport phenomena involving a large number of interacting molecules called the excluded flow of extended interacting objects with drop-off effect (EFEIOD). This model incorporates many realistic features of biological transport process including the length of biological “particles” and the fact that they can detach along the biological ‘tracks’. The flow between the consecutive sites is unidirectional and is described by a “soft” simple exclusion principle and by repelling or attracting forces between neighboring particles. We show that the model admits a unique steady-state. Furthermore, if the parameters are periodic with common period T, then the steady-state profile converge to a unique periodic solution of period T. Simulations of the EFEIOD demonstrate several non-trivial effects of the interactions on the system steady-state profile. For example, detachment rates may help in increasing the steady-state flow by alleviating traffic jams that can exist due to several reasons like bottleneck rate or interactive forces between the particles. We also analyze the special case of our model, when there are no forces exerted by neighboring particles, and called it as the ribosome flow model of extended objects with drop-off effect (RFMEOD), and study the sensitivity of its steady-state to variations in the parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Jain
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
- * E-mail:
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28
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Pal B, Gupta AK. Exclusion process with scaled resources: Delocalized shocks and interplay of reservoirs. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:054103. [PMID: 35706180 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.054103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we study a conserved system comprised of two directed lanes having identical dynamics and two reservoirs with scaled resources that are strategically connected to the boundaries of the lanes, forming a ringlike structure. The steady-state properties of the system have been analyzed in the framework of mean-field theory. Our findings display a rich behavior, emphasizing the nontrivial effects of incorporating two reservoirs. As a consequence, two distinct phases that admit delocalized shocks emerge and occupy a significant region in the phase diagram. Moreover in one of theses phases, each lane admits a delocalized shock whose movements are perfectly synchronized. In another phase, the single shock in the system may traverse both lanes or remain restricted to a single lane, depending upon the size of the system. All the findings are validated by Monte Carlo simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipasha Pal
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar-140001, Punjab, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar-140001, Punjab, India
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29
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Jain A, Margaliot M, Gupta AK. Large-scale mRNA translation and the intricate effects of competition for the finite pool of ribosomes. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20220033. [PMID: 35259953 PMCID: PMC8922411 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a new theoretical framework for large-scale mRNA translation using a network of models called the ribosome flow model with Langmuir kinetics (RFMLK), interconnected via a pool of free ribosomes. The input to each RFMLK depends on the pool density, and it affects the initiation rate and potentially also the internal ribosome entry rates along each RFMLK. Ribosomes that detach from an RFMLK owing to termination or premature drop-off are fed back into the pool. We prove that the network always converges to a steady state, and study its sensitivity to variations in the parameters. For example, we show that if the drop-off rate at some site in some RFMLK is increased then the pool density increases and consequently the steady-state production rate in all the other RFMLKs increases. Surprisingly, we also show that modifying a parameter of a certain RFMLK can lead to arbitrary effects on the densities along the modified RFMLK, depending on the parameters in the entire network. We conclude that the competition for shared resources generates an indirect and intricate web of mutual effects between the mRNA molecules that must be accounted for in any analysis of translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Jain
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Michael Margaliot
- School of Electrical Engineering and the Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
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30
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Mishra S, Singh Y, Gupta AK. Learning experiences from orthopedic disability camp in a tribal area of Central India: A long-term retrospective study. Med J DY Patil Vidyapeeth 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_617_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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31
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Mishra S, Mishra S, Yadav G, Kumar D, Gupta AK. Site-specific bacteriology of tropic ulcers and their antibiotic sensitivity: A cross-sectional study. Med J DY Patil Vidyapeeth 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_589_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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32
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Maeda G, Gilissen PJ, Rudenko A, van der Wal J, Bourgard C, Gupta AK, Sunnerhagen P, Munissi JJE, Nyandoro SS, Erdélyi M. Oxygenated Cyclohexene Derivatives from the Stem and Root Barks of Uvaria pandensis. J Nat Prod 2021; 84:3080-3089. [PMID: 34802242 PMCID: PMC8713284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Five new cyclohexene derivatives, dipandensin A and B (1 and 2) and pandensenols A-C (3-5), and 16 known secondary metabolites (6-21) were isolated from the methanol-soluble extracts of the stem and root barks of Uvaria pandensis. The structures were characterized by NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses, and that of 6-methoxyzeylenol (6) was further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, which also established its absolute configuration. The isolated metabolites were evaluated for antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis and the Gram-negative bacteria Enterococcus raffinosus, Escherichia coli, Paraburkholderia caledonica, Pectobacterium carotovorum, and Pseudomonas putida, as well as for cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. A mixture of uvaretin (20) and isouvaretin (21) exhibited significant antibacterial activity against B. subtilis (EC50 8.7 μM) and S. epidermidis (IC50 7.9 μM). (8'α,9'β-Dihydroxy)-3-farnesylindole (12) showed strong inhibitory activity (EC50 9.8 μM) against B. subtilis, comparable to the clinical reference ampicillin (EC50 17.9 μM). None of the compounds showed relevant cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gasper Maeda
- Chemistry
Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department
of Chemistry−BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pieter J. Gilissen
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anastasia Rudenko
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg,
and Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe)
at the University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jelle van der Wal
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg,
and Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe)
at the University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Catarina Bourgard
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg,
and Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe)
at the University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Department
of Chemistry−Ångström, Uppsala University, SE-751
20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Sunnerhagen
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg,
and Centre for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe)
at the University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joan J. E. Munissi
- Chemistry
Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Stephen S. Nyandoro
- Chemistry
Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Máté Erdélyi
- Department
of Chemistry−BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Kumar U, Gupta AK, Singh N, Chandra H, Chowdhury N. Reference intervals for reticulocyte parameters (reticulocyte haemoglobin equivalent and immature reticulocyte fraction) in first-trimester pregnancy. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2021; 42:1401-1403. [PMID: 34913799 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2021.1983781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Reticulocyte parameters including reticulocyte haemoglobin equivalent (Ret-He) and immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) are newly recognised hematological parameters that are being used for diagnosis and follow-up of anaemic patients. Reference intervals of these parameters have been established in different populations, however, the data relating to pregnancy are still lacking. One hundred and fifty-five first-trimester pregnant females were screened and the reference interval was calculated after selecting the patient with fixed criteria. R statistical software was used for statistical calculations. We tried to establish a reference interval of Ret-He content and IRF in first-trimester pregnancy in our study.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? Ret-He and IRF have been established as the marker of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anaemia in different age groups and as a marker of response to iron therapy. However, literature is scarce regarding the reference intervals of these parameters, especially in pregnancy.What do the results of this study add? This study establishes the reference interval of newer reticulocyte parameters in first-trimester pregnancy which is not yet established in the literature. Establishing a reference interval is required for any laboratory parameters to be used in the clinical context.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and further research? The results of this study may help in making a clinical decision regarding iron deficiency in early pregnancy which is one of the common clinical problems in pregnancy. This study also serves as a baseline study for further studies of reference intervals for newer reticulocyte parameters in pregnancy. A similar study with a larger study population and follow-up with iron therapy may establish these parameters as one of the important markers of iron deficiency in pregnancy and help institute iron therapy on case-to-case basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal Kumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, India.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, India
| | - Harish Chandra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, India
| | - Nilotpal Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, India
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Lindh L, Gordivska O, Persson S, Michaels H, Fan H, Chábera P, Rosemann NW, Gupta AK, Benesperi I, Uhlig J, Prakash O, Sheibani E, Kjaer KS, Boschloo G, Yartsev A, Freitag M, Lomoth R, Persson P, Wärnmark K. Dye-sensitized solar cells based on Fe N-heterocyclic carbene photosensitizers with improved rod-like push-pull functionality. Chem Sci 2021; 12:16035-16053. [PMID: 35024126 PMCID: PMC8672732 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02963k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new generation of octahedral iron(ii)–N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes, employing different tridentate C^N^C ligands, has been designed and synthesized as earth-abundant photosensitizers for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and related solar energy conversion applications. This work introduces a linearly aligned push–pull design principle that reaches from the ligand having nitrogen-based electron donors, over the Fe(ii) centre, to the ligand having an electron withdrawing carboxylic acid anchor group. A combination of spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and quantum chemical calculations demonstrate the improved molecular excited state properties in terms of a broader absorption spectrum compared to the reference complex, as well as directional charge-transfer displacement of the lowest excited state towards the semiconductor substrate in accordance with the push–pull design. Prototype DSSCs based on one of the new Fe NHC photosensitizers demonstrate a power conversion efficiency exceeding 1% already for a basic DSSC set-up using only the I−/I3− redox mediator and standard operating conditions, outcompeting the corresponding DSSC based on the homoleptic reference complex. Transient photovoltage measurements confirmed that adding the co-sensitizer chenodeoxycholic acid helped in improving the efficiency by increasing the electron lifetime in TiO2. Time-resolved spectroscopy revealed spectral signatures for successful ultrafast (<100 fs) interfacial electron injection from the heteroleptic dyes to TiO2. However, an ultrafast recombination process results in undesirable fast charge recombination from TiO2 back to the oxidized dye, leaving only 5–10% of the initially excited dyes available to contribute to a current in the DSSC. On slower timescales, time-resolved spectroscopy also found that the recombination dynamics (longer than 40 μs) were significantly slower than the regeneration of the oxidized dye by the redox mediator (6–8 μs). Therefore it is the ultrafast recombination down to fs-timescales, between the oxidized dye and the injected electron, that remains as one of the main bottlenecks to be targeted for achieving further improved solar energy conversion efficiencies in future work. Iron-based photosensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells with a rod-like push–pull design. Solar cell performance was limited by ultrafast (sub-ps) recombination, but yielded better performance than the homoleptic parent photosensitizer.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Lindh
- Chemical Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden.,Theoretical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Olga Gordivska
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Samuel Persson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Hannes Michaels
- Department of Chemistry - Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden .,School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University Bedson Building NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Hao Fan
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Pavel Chábera
- Chemical Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Nils W Rosemann
- Chemical Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden.,Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Iacopo Benesperi
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden .,School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University Bedson Building NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Jens Uhlig
- Chemical Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Om Prakash
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Esmaeil Sheibani
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Kasper S Kjaer
- Chemical Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Gerrit Boschloo
- Department of Chemistry - Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Arkady Yartsev
- Chemical Physics Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Marina Freitag
- Department of Chemistry - Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden .,School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University Bedson Building NE1 7RU Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Reiner Lomoth
- Department of Chemistry - Angstrom Laboratory, Uppsala University Box 523 SE-75120 Uppsala Sweden
| | - Petter Persson
- Theoretical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Kenneth Wärnmark
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University Box 124 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
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35
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Sharma N, Verma AK, Gupta AK. Spatial network based model forecasting transmission and control of COVID-19. Physica A 2021; 581:126223. [PMID: 34230756 PMCID: PMC8247259 DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2021.126223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 driven infectious novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic by its brutal impact on the world in terms of loss on human life, health, economy, and other crucial resources. To explore more about its aspects, we adopted the S E I R D (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered-Death) pandemic spread with a time delay on the heterogeneous population and geography in this work. Focusing on the spatial heterogeneity, epidemic spread on the framework of modeling that incorporates population movement within and across the boundaries is studied. The entire population of interest in a region is divided into small distinct geographical sub regions, which interact using migration networks across boundaries. Utilizing the time delay differential equations based model estimations, we analyzed the spread dynamics of disease in India. The numerical outcomes from the model are validated using real time available data for COVID-19 cases. Based on the developed model in the framework of the recent data, we verified total infection cases in India considering the effect of nationwide lockdown at the onset of the pandemic and its unlocking by what seemed to be the end of the first wave. We have forecasted the total number of infection cases in two extreme situations of nationwide no lockdown and strict lockdown scenario. We expect that in future for any change in the key parameters, due to the regional differences, predictions will lie within the bounds of the above mentioned extreme plots. We computed the approximate peak infection in forwarding time and relative timespan when disease outspread halts. The most crucial parameter, the time-dependent generalization of the basic reproduction number, has been estimated. The impact of the social distancing and restricted movement measures that are crucial to contain the pandemic spread has been extensively studied by considering no lockdown scenario. Our model suggests that attaining a reduction in the contact rate between susceptible and infected individuals by practicing strict social distancing is one of the most effective control measures to manage COVID-19 spread in India. The cases can further decrease if social distancing is followed in conjunction with restricted movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Sharma
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar 140001, India
- PG Department of Mathematics, Kanya Maha Vidyalaya, Jalandhar 144004, Punjab, India
| | - Atul Kumar Verma
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620015, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar 140001, India
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36
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Verma T, Gupta AK. Network synchronization, stability and rhythmic processes in a diffusive mean-field coupled SEIR model. Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul 2021; 102:105927. [PMID: 34149236 PMCID: PMC8205286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2021.105927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Connectivity and rates of movement have profound effect on the persistence and extinction of infectious diseases. The emerging disease spread rapidly, due to the movement of infectious persons to some other regions, which has been witnessed in case of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). So, the networks and the epidemiology of directly transmitted infectious diseases are fundamentally linked. Motivated by the recent empirical evidence on the dispersal of infected individuals among the patches, we present the epidemic model SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered) in which the population is divided into patches which form a network and the patches are connected through mean-field diffusive coupling. The corresponding unstable epidemiology classes will be synchronized and achieve stable state when the patches are coupled. Apart from synchronization and stability, the coupled model enables a range of rhythmic processes such as birhythmicity and rhythmogenesis which have not been investigated in epidemiology. The stability of Disease Free Equilibrium (or Endemic Equilibrium) is attained through cessation of oscillation mechanism namely Oscillation Death (OD) and Amplitude Death (AD). Corresponding to identical and non-identical epidemiology classes of patches, the different steady states are obtained and its transition is taking place through Hopf and transcritical bifurcation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Verma
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, 140001, Punjab, India
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Sharma N, Verma AK, Gupta AK. Spatial network based model forecasting transmission and control of COVID-19. Physica A 2021; 581:126223. [PMID: 34230756 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.06.20092858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 driven infectious novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic by its brutal impact on the world in terms of loss on human life, health, economy, and other crucial resources. To explore more about its aspects, we adopted the S E I R D (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered-Death) pandemic spread with a time delay on the heterogeneous population and geography in this work. Focusing on the spatial heterogeneity, epidemic spread on the framework of modeling that incorporates population movement within and across the boundaries is studied. The entire population of interest in a region is divided into small distinct geographical sub regions, which interact using migration networks across boundaries. Utilizing the time delay differential equations based model estimations, we analyzed the spread dynamics of disease in India. The numerical outcomes from the model are validated using real time available data for COVID-19 cases. Based on the developed model in the framework of the recent data, we verified total infection cases in India considering the effect of nationwide lockdown at the onset of the pandemic and its unlocking by what seemed to be the end of the first wave. We have forecasted the total number of infection cases in two extreme situations of nationwide no lockdown and strict lockdown scenario. We expect that in future for any change in the key parameters, due to the regional differences, predictions will lie within the bounds of the above mentioned extreme plots. We computed the approximate peak infection in forwarding time and relative timespan when disease outspread halts. The most crucial parameter, the time-dependent generalization of the basic reproduction number, has been estimated. The impact of the social distancing and restricted movement measures that are crucial to contain the pandemic spread has been extensively studied by considering no lockdown scenario. Our model suggests that attaining a reduction in the contact rate between susceptible and infected individuals by practicing strict social distancing is one of the most effective control measures to manage COVID-19 spread in India. The cases can further decrease if social distancing is followed in conjunction with restricted movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Sharma
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar 140001, India
- PG Department of Mathematics, Kanya Maha Vidyalaya, Jalandhar 144004, Punjab, India
| | - Atul Kumar Verma
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620015, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar 140001, India
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Dutta BK, Mani RN, Sharma S, Singh VV, Aggarwal T, Chandra H, Ratna S, Sharma S, Gupta AK. COVID-19-associated psychosis in Indian settings: A retrospective descriptive study. Ind Psychiatry J 2021; 30:S25-S28. [PMID: 34908660 PMCID: PMC8611608 DOI: 10.4103/0972-6748.328784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected millions of people across the world since early 2020. Besides the large number of case fatalities, this virus has produced significant health-related sequelae involving multiple systems of the body. As with previous coronavirus infections, this was also found to be associated with various neuropsychiatric symptoms. Psychosis has been uncommon, and the few reported cases across the world have forwarded association with either raised inflammatory markers or the consequences of social isolation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective descriptive study of 12 patients, who were admitted with COVID-19 infection and psychosis, between March 2020 and December 2020. Cases of head injury, any neurological or metabolic illnesses, and substance use disorders were excluded. RESULTS Cases with psychosis formed only 0.19% of all cases of COVID-19 admissions. All of them were young male and employed. Most of them had abrupt onset of psychosis with confusion, delusions, hallucinations, agitation, and sleep disturbances. Investigations including inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein) and computerized tomography scans were largely normal. Medications used were mainly benzodiazepines and antipsychotics. Most of the cases resolved within the second week, and follow-up after a month did not elicit any residual symptoms in majority. Diagnosis was acute and transient psychotic disorder (about 75%), bipolar affective disorder (2 cases), and schizophrenia (one). CONCLUSIONS The major findings included nonreactive inflammatory markers, quick resolution of symptoms, requirement of low doses of antipsychotic drugs, and no long-term sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Dutta
- Department of Psychiatry, Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - R N Mani
- Department of Psychiatry, Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - V V Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - T Aggarwal
- Department of Psychiatry, Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - H Chandra
- Department of Psychiatry, Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Sweta Ratna
- Department of Psychiatry, Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Sumit Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - A K Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital, Delhi, India
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Goel N, Mehta A, Gupta AK. Multifocal electroretinography-assisted anatomical and functional evaluation of subthreshold green laser in acute central serous chorioretinopathy. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:2341-2346. [PMID: 34427217 PMCID: PMC8544059 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_3401_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To compare observation versus subthreshold green laser (STL) in acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) in terms of anatomical and functional outcomes. Methods: Prospective randomized interventional study. 30 eyes with the first episode of acute CSC underwent complete ophthalmologic examination, measurement of best-corrected Snellen visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity (CS), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) at baseline. Patients were randomized equally to group A (observation) or group B (STL using 532 nm wavelength applied to the leakage point). Outcome measures included BCVA, CS, central foveal thickness (CFT), and mean macular thickness (MMT) on SD-OCT and P1 amplitude and implicit time (IT) on mfERG. Patients were followed up for 6 months. Results: Mean BCVA was comparable between the two groups on follow up; however, mean CS was significantly higher in group B at 6 months (P = 0.032). CFT was significantly lower in group B at 1 month (P = 0.001) and 3 months (P = 0.049); however, this difference was not maintained at 6 months (P = 0.265). P1 amplitude and IT in all 5 rings were comparable between the two groups at baseline. On follow up, P1 amplitude of ring 1 became significantly higher in group B at 3 months (P = 0.036) and 6 months (P = 0.022). Conclusion: Immediate treatment of acute CSC with STL, as compared to conservative management, leads to more rapid resolution on SD-OCT and superior functional outcomes as evidenced by CS and mfERG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Goel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Max Multi Speciality Centre, New Delhi, India
| | - Aanchal Mehta
- Department of Vitreoretina, ICARE Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute, NOIDA, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A K Gupta
- Department of Vitreoretina, ICARE Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute, NOIDA, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Jindal A, Gupta AK. Exclusion process on two intersecting lanes with constrained resources: Symmetry breaking and shock dynamics. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:014138. [PMID: 34412340 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.014138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We present a study of the exclusion process on a peculiar topology of network with two intersecting lanes, competing for the particles in a reservoir with finite capacity. To provide a theoretical ground for our findings, we exploit mean-field approximation along with domain-wall theory. The stationary properties of the system, including phase transitions, density profiles, and position of the domain wall are derived analytically. Under the similar dynamical rules, the particles of both lanes interact only at the intersected site. The symmetry of the system is maintained until the number of particles do not exceed the total number of sites. However, beyond this, the symmetry breaking phenomenon occurs, resulting in the appearance of asymmetric phases and continues to persist even for an infinite number of particles. The complexity of the phase diagram shows a nonmonotonic behavior with an increasing number of particles in the system. A bulk induced shock appears in a symmetric phase, whereas, a boundary induced shock is observed in the symmetric as well as the asymmetric phase. Monitoring the location of localized shock with increasing entry of particles, we explain the possible phase transitions. The theoretical results are supported by extensive Monte Carlo simulations and explained using simple physical arguments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akriti Jindal
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar 140001, Punjab, India
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Newton JT, Subramanian SS, Westland S, Gupta AK, Luo W, Joiner A. The impact of tooth colour on the perceptions of age and social judgements. J Dent 2021; 112:103771. [PMID: 34363891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychological research has established that the presence of dental anomalies negatively impact social judgements. This study sought to determine the effects of tooth colour on the subjective ratings of social judgements in a group of Caucasian adults. METHODS A cross sectional experimental analogue design comprised fifty Caucasian adults: 25 women and 25 men. A total of 54 digitally modified photographs of Caucasian males and females (darkened, natural, whitened teeth) were evaluated. All participants evaluated each of the images on 12 characteristics: popularity, friendliness, social life, success, graduation, happiness, intelligence, perceived age, introversion/extraversion, self-confidence, attractiveness and satisfaction with the tooth shade. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare ratings. RESULTS Participants associated darkened teeth with poorer subjective ratings, with the highest ratings been given to whitened teeth, and natural teeth being intermediate. These trends were similar across all participant age groups and gender. Further, the gender and age groups of the images had a significant effect on the appraisals. Faces of younger models received higher ratings than the faces of older models and female images were rated higher than the males. CONCLUSION In the absence of other information, tooth colour exerts an influence upon the appraisals made in social situations. It appears that whitened tooth appearance is preferred to natural tooth appearance, irrespective of age and gender of the judge. The faces with more whitened dentition are perceived to be younger across all age groups and gender of the judges. Participants dissatisfied with their own tooth shade drew out more stereotypic behaviour. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT This research used standardised tooth colour as a basis to investigate perceived age and social functioning. As clinicians face daily challenges to achieve patient satisfaction with respect to dental aesthetics, standardizing the colour may enhance the patients' satisfaction. Further, participants dissatisfied with their own tooth shade drew out more stereotypic behaviour. The whitened dentition may impair the psychological well-being of the individuals and is probably a reason for the increasing demand for cosmetic dental procedures. These results may be instructive for the development of a psycho-educational intervention to prevent any unrealistic expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Newton
- King's College London Dental Institute, London, UK
| | | | - S Westland
- University of Leeds, School of Design, Leeds, UK
| | - A K Gupta
- Unilever Oral Care, Bangalore, India
| | - W Luo
- Unilever Oral Care, Bebington, UK
| | - A Joiner
- Unilever Oral Care, Bebington, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Finasteride 1 mg/day is indicated for androgen-dependent conditions such as male androgenetic alopecia (AGA). METHODS The literature is comprehensively summarized on the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, and metabolism of finasteride. Pairwise and network meta-analyses were performed to assess the efficacy of finasteride reported in clinical trials. The adverse events profile is described along with the post-marketing reports. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Finasteride 1 mg/day significantly increased total hair count compared to placebo after 24 weeks (mean difference = 12.4 hairs/cm2, p < .05), and 48 weeks (mean difference = 16.4 hairs/cm2, p < .05). The efficacy of the two doses of finasteride (5 mg/day and 1 mg/day) and topical finasteride (1% solution) were not significantly different. The most commonly reported sexual events include erectile dysfunction and decreased libido. Increasing patient complaints and analysis of the FAERS database led to the inclusion of depression in the FDA label in 2011, as men were found to be at a risk of suicide due to the persistent sexual side effects, commonly termed as post-finasteride syndrome. Finasteride is shown to be reasonably tolerated in both men and women; however, patients need to be educated about the possible short- and long-term side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Mediprobe Research Inc, London, Canada
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Abstract
AbstractEndovascular occlusion of isolated internal iliac artery aneurysm is a safe and effective procedure. We report a case of coiling of a ruptured Internal Iliac artery aneurysm in a leukaemia patient with intramuscular haematoma achieving an excellent immediate result and no recanalisation on 6 month follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Gupta
- Dept. of Imaging Sciences; Inturectal Radiology, SCTIMS, Thiruvenathpuram-695011, India
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George L, Gupta ID, Gupta AK, MR V, P Achankunju J, TS A. Estimation and comparison of different lactation persistency methods in Tharparkar cattle. IJDS 2021. [DOI: 10.33785/ijds.2021.v74i03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Singh A, Das CJ, Das BK, Gupta AK. Utility of diffusion weighted imaging in diagnosing subdiaphragmatic endometriosis presenting as shoulder pain. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2021; 27:314-317. [PMID: 29089681 PMCID: PMC5644326 DOI: 10.4103/ijri.ijri_86_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Extrapelvic endometriosis (EPE) is a rare entity which may potentially occur at any site. Symptomatic EPE is now increasingly being managed laparoscopically. Imaging is imperative in diagnosis as well as extent delineation prior to surgery. In addition to increasing the success rate of diagnostic laparoscopy, prior knowledge of EPE at certain sites may modify the standard surgical technique. We present here an unusual case of chronic pain in the right shoulder in a 26-year-old female caused by subdiaphragmatic endometriosis (SDE). It was noticed on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences; however, due to the lack of the characteristic signal intensity, imaging findings were noncontributory. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) facilitated its characterization and precisely mapped the extent of involvement. SDE should be suspected in young females presenting with cyclical shoulder pain. Due to nonspecific clinical features, it may remain undiagnosed. MRI is the imaging modality of choice in evaluation of EPE. Including DWI sequence in the MR protocol increases the diagnostic precision besides delineating the extent of involvement noninvasively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bimal K Das
- Department of Microbiology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - A K Gupta
- Department of Radiology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Topical minoxidil (5% foam, 5% solution, and 2% solution) is FDA-approved for androgenetic alopecia (AGA) in men and women.Mechanism of action: Minoxidil acts through multiple pathways (vasodilator, anti-inflammatory agent, inducer of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, an antiandrogen), and may also affect the length of the anagen and telogen phases.Pharmacokinetics: Approximately 1.4% of topical minoxidil is absorbed through the skin. Minoxidil is a prodrug that is metabolized by follicular sulfotransferase to minoxidil sulfate (active form). Those with higher sulfotransferase activity may respond better than patients with lower sulfotransferase activity.Clinical efficacy (topical minoxidil): In a five-year study, 2% minoxidil exhibited peak hair growth in males at year one with a decline in subsequent years. Topical minoxidil causes hair regrowth in both frontotemporal and vertex areas. The 5% solution and foam were not significantly different in efficacy from the 2% solution.Oral and Sublingual minoxidil (not FDA approved; off-label): After 6 months of administration, minoxidil 5 mg/day was significantly more effective than topical 5% and 2% in male AGA. Low-dose 0.5-5 mg/day may also be safe and effective for female pattern hair loss and chronic telogen effluvium. Sublingual minoxidil may be safe and effective in male and female pattern hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Gupta
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Mediprobe Research Inc., London, Canada
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Thaci D, Piaserico S, Warren RB, Gupta AK, Cantrell W, Draelos Z, Foley P, Igarashi A, Langley RG, Asahina A, Young M, Falqués M, Pau-Charles I, Mendelsohn AM, Rozzo SJ, Reich K. Five-year efficacy and safety of tildrakizumab in patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis who respond at week 28: pooled analyses of two randomized phase III clinical trials (reSURFACE 1 and reSURFACE 2). Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:323-334. [PMID: 33544883 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phase III reSURFACE 1 and reSURFACE 2 (NCT01722331/NCT01729754) trials of the anti-interleukin-23p19 monoclonal antibody tildrakizumab (TIL) for psoriasis treatment are complete. OBJECTIVES We present 5-year pooled data from reSURFACE 1 and reSURFACE 2. METHODS reSURFACE 1 and reSURFACE 2 were double-blind, randomized, controlled studies with optional long-term extensions. Adults with moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis were randomized 2 : 2 : 1 to TIL 100 mg (TIL 100) or 200 mg (TIL 200) or placebo at weeks 0 and 4, and every 12 weeks thereafter [reSURFACE 2 included an etanercept (ETN) arm]. Efficacy outcomes included proportions of patients achieving absolute and relative improvement from baseline Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score through week 244 in TIL responders (≥ 75% improvement from baseline PASI; PASI 75 response) continuously receiving the same dose and ETN partial responders and nonresponders (PASI < 75 response) switched to TIL 200 at week 28. Safety was assessed from adverse events (AEs) in all patients as treated. RESULTS Efficacy analyses included 329 and 227 week 28 responders to TIL 100 and TIL 200, respectively, and 121 ETN partial responders/nonresponders switched to TIL 200 at week 28. Of TIL 100 or TIL 200 responders and ETN partial responders/nonresponders entering the extensions, 235/302, 176/213 and 85/107, respectively, were evaluated at week 244, and 88·7%, 92·5% and 81·3%, respectively, achieved PASI 75 response. Exposure-adjusted rates of serious AEs were 6·3 and 6·0 patients with events per 100 patient-years of TIL 100 and TIL 200, respectively. CONCLUSIONS TIL treatment provided sustained disease control over 5 years in week 28 TIL responders and ETN partial responders/nonresponders, with a reassuring safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Thaci
- Institute and Comprehensive Centre for Inflammation Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, Lübeck, 23538, Germany
| | - S Piaserico
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Via Vincenzo Gallucci 4, Padua, 35128, Italy
| | - R B Warren
- The Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M6 8HD, UK
| | - A K Gupta
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto School of Medicine, 190 Elizabeth Street, R. Fraser Elliott Building, 3-805, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.,Mediprobe Research Inc, 645 Windermere Road, London, ON, N5X 2P1, Canada
| | - W Cantrell
- Village Dermatology, 2900 Cahaba Road, Birmingham, AL, 35223, USA
| | - Z Draelos
- Dermatology Consulting Services, 2444 North Main Street, High Point, NC, 27262, USA
| | - P Foley
- Skin Health Institute Inc., Level 1, 80 Drummond Street, Carlton, Victoria, 3053, Australia
| | - A Igarashi
- NTT Medical Center Tokyo, 5-9-22 Higashi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-8625, Japan
| | - R G Langley
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, 6054 Coburg Road, Halifax, NS, B3H 1Z2, Canada
| | - A Asahina
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8, Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - M Young
- Mindful Dermatology, Modern Research Associates, 9101 N Central Expy Ste 160, Dallas, TX, 75231, USA
| | - M Falqués
- Almirall R&D, Carrer de Laureà Miró, 408, 410, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08980, Spain
| | - I Pau-Charles
- Almirall R&D, Carrer de Laureà Miró, 408, 410, Sant Feliu de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08980, Spain
| | - A M Mendelsohn
- Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc., 2 Independence Way, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - S J Rozzo
- Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc., 2 Independence Way, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA
| | - K Reich
- Translational Research in Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, M, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
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Das S, Gupta AK, Bandyopadhyaya B, Darla BH, Arya V, Abhyankar M, Revankar S. Data on vildagliptin and vildagliptin plus metformin combination in type-2 diabetes mellitus management. Bioinformation 2021; 17:413-423. [PMID: 34092962 PMCID: PMC8131578 DOI: 10.6026/97320630017413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is of interest to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of vildagliptin as monotherapy and combination therapy of vildagliptin and metformin for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Indian settings. The study included patients with T2DM (aged >18 years) receiving vildagliptin monotherapy and vildagliptin in combination with metformin therapy of various strengths. Data related to demographics, risk factors, medical history, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, and medical therapies were retrieved from medical records. Out of 9678 patients (median age, 52.0 years), 59.1% were men. A combination of vildagliptin and metformin (50/500 mg) was the most commonly used therapy (54.8%), and the median duration of therapy was 24.0 months. The predominant reason for selecting vildagliptin therapy was to improve HbA1c levels (87.8%). A total of 87.5% of patients required dosage up-titration. Vildagliptin therapy was used in patients with T2DM and associated complications (peripheral neuropathy, CAD, nephropathy, retinopathy, autonomous neuropathy, stroke/TIA, and peripheral artery disease). Among 5175 patients who experienced body weight changes, a majority of patients showed a loss of weight (68.6%). The target glycemic control was achieved in 95.3% of patients. The mean HbA1c levels were significantly decreased post-treatment (mean change: 1.34%; p<0.001). Adverse events were reported in 0.4% of patients. Physicians rated the majority of patients as good to excellent on the global evaluation of efficacy and tolerability scale (98.9%, each). Vildagliptin as monotherapy and combination therapy of vildagliptin and metformin was an effective therapy in reducing HbA1c helps in achieving target glycemic control, and was well tolerated in Indian patients with T2DM continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - AK Gupta
- Rahas Medical Store Hospital, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | - Vivek Arya
- Center for Endocrine and Diabetes, Ahmedabad, India
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Gupta AK, Summerbell RC, Venkataraman M, Quinlan EM. Nondermatophyte mould onychomycosis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:1628-1641. [PMID: 33763903 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nondermatophyte moulds (NDMs) onychomycosis is often difficult to diagnose as NDMs have been considered contaminants of nails. There are several diagnostic methods used to identify NDMs, however, repeated laboratory isolation is recommended to validate pathogenicity. With NDM and mixed infection (dermatophytes plus NDM) onychomycosis on the rise, accurate clinical diagnosis along with mycological tests is recommended. Systemic antifungal agents such as itraconazole and terbinafine (e.g. pulse regimen: 1 pulse = every day for one week, followed by no treatment for three weeks) have shown efficacy in treating onychomycosis caused by various NDMs such as Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, and Onychocola canadensis. Studies investigating topical therapy and devices for NDM onychomycosis are limited. The emergence of antifungal resistance necessitates the incorporation of antifungal susceptibility testing into diagnosis when possible, for the management of recalcitrant infections. Case studies documented in the literature show newer azoles such as posaconazole and voriconazole as sometimes effective in treating resistant NDM onychomycosis. Treatment with broad-spectrum antifungal agents (e.g. itraconazole and efinaconazole) and other combination therapy (oral + oral and/or oral + topical) may be considerations in the management of NDM onychomycosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Gupta
- Mediprobe Research Inc., London, ON, Canada.,Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R C Summerbell
- Sporometrics, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Singh M, Prakash V, Das S, Dixit S, Gupta AK. Multiple linear regression analysis using monthly test day milk yield predicting the first lactation production performance for sire evaluation in Murrah buffaloes. IJDS 2021. [DOI: 10.33785/ijds.2021.v74i01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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