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Chandra H, Ahlers B, Lam YW, Yadav JS. Dominant Circulating Cell-free Mycobacterial Proteins in in-use Machining Fluid and their Antigenicity Potential. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:CPPS-EPUB-140148. [PMID: 38698749 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037291635240405042554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Occupational exposure to industrial Metalworking Fluid (MWF) colonized by Mycobacterium immunogenum (MI) has been associated with immune lung disease hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) in machinists. This warrants regular fluid monitoring for early detection of mycobacterial proteins, especially those with antigenic potential. OBJECTIVE To detect and identify dominant MI proteins and antigens directly from the field-drawn in-use MWF using an integrated immunoproteomic and immunoinformatic approach. METHODS An MI-positive MWF selected by DNA-based screening of several field-drawn MWF samples were cultured to isolate the colonizing strain and profiled for dominant circulating cell- free (ccf) MI proteins, including antigens using an integrated immunoproteomic (1D- and 2Dgel fractionation of seroreactivity proteins combined with shotgun proteomic analysis using LC-MS/ MS) and immunoinformatic strategy. RESULTS A new MI strain (MJY-27) was identified. The gel fractionated MI protein bands (1Dgel) or spots (2D-gel) seroreactive with anti-MI sera probes (Rabbit and Patient sera) yielded 86 MI proteins, 29 of which showed peptide abundance. T-cell epitope analysis revealed high (90-100%) binding frequency for HLA-I& II alleles for 13 of the 29 proteins. Their antigenicity analysis revealed the presence of 6 to 37 antigenic determinants. Interestingly, one of the identified candidates corresponded to an experimentally validated strong B- and T-cell antigen (AgD) from our laboratory culture-based studies. CONCLUSION This first report on dominant proteins, including putative antigens of M. immunogenum prevalent in field in-use MWF, is a significant step towards the overall goal of developing fluid monitoring for exposure and disease risk assessment for HP development in machining environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Chandra
- Pulmonary/Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH45267-0056, USA
| | - Bethany Ahlers
- Vermont Biomedical Research Network Proteomics Facility, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT05405, USA
| | - Ying Wai Lam
- Vermont Biomedical Research Network Proteomics Facility, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT05405, USA
| | - Jagjit S Yadav
- Pulmonary/Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH45267-0056, USA
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Chandra H, Rahman A, Yadav P, Maurya G, Kumar Shukla S. Effect of adjunct Vitamin D treatment in vitamin D deficient pulmonary tuberculosis patients: A randomized, double blind, active controlled clinical trial. Indian J Tuberc 2024; 71:170-178. [PMID: 38589121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijtb.2023.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since, Vitamin D [1α,25(OH)2D)] enhances antimicrobial activity of Innate immunity and modulate Adaptive immune responses, simultaneously, so it play a potential role for balanced immune activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and restricting tissue injuries within the TB patients.(Chun et al., 2011) 9 We aimed to determine the role of adjunct Vitamin D treatment on the outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis patients and evaluated the effect of Vitamin D administration on Differential Leucocyte Count, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, serum Adenosine deaminase, serum C- reactive protein, Oxygen saturation (SpO2) and Body Weight in Vitamin D deficient pulmonary tuberculosis patients. METHODS We conducted a prospective, interventional, randomized, double blind, parallel group, active controlled clinical trial. Newly diagnosed Vitamin D deficient pulmonary tuberculosis patients were randomly assigned to intervention group (received standard anti-tubercular treatment with adjunct Vitamin D3) and control group (received standard anti-tubercular treatment without adjunct Vitamin D3). Total four doses [each dose of 2.5 mg (100000 IU)] of Vitamin D3 were given, orally. First dose was given within 7 days of starting anti-tubercular treatment and second, third, fourth dose were given at 2, 4 and 6 weeks respectively. At the time of enrollment, we measured all baseline characteristics. During follow-up, we measured the study variables and monitored adverse events at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks. Our safety parameter was serum corrected calcium level to assess the risk of hypercalcemia. RESULTS Total 130 pulmonary TB patients, 65 patients in each group, were analyzed. Our study results showed that decrease in Neutrophil count was statistically significant with small effect sizes at every time point of measurement and increase in Lymphocyte count was statistically significant with small and moderate effect sizes at 4, 6 and 8 week for intervention group than for control group. Decrease in erythrocyte sedimentation rate was statistically significant with small effect sizes at 6 and 8 week, decrease in serum adenosine deaminase and serum C- reactive protein was statistically significant with moderate effect sizes at 4, 6 and 8 week for intervention group than for control group. Increase in Oxygen saturation was statistically significant at 4 week with small effect size and increase in body weight was statistically significant with small effect sizes for intervention group than for control group. No case of hypercalcemia was reported. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a potential role of adjunctive Vitamin D3 to accelerate resolution of inflammatory responses and improvement in clinical outcomes of pulmonary TB patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered with Clinical Trials Registry - INDIA (http://ctri.nic.in) with CTRI Number - CTRI/2021/11/037914. PLACE OF STUDY Room Number 27, first floor out-patients department (OPD) and inpatient Wards, fourth floor, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah (U.P.), INDIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Chandra
- Department of Biochemistry, Academic Block, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, (U.P), 206130, India.
| | - Adil Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry, Academic Block, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, (U.P), 206130, India
| | - Prashant Yadav
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, (U.P.), 206130, India
| | - Geeta Maurya
- Department of Pathology, Academic Block, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, (U.P.), 206130, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Shukla
- Department of Community Medicine, Academic Block, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Saifai, Etawah, (U.P.), 206130, India
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Chattopadhyay D, Hajra S, Chandra H, Nath UK. A rare case of primary myelofibrosis with novel cytogenetic abnormality - deletion 4q25. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2024:00004270-990000000-00155. [PMID: 38563691 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_365_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Debranjani Chattopadhyay
- Department of Clinical Haematology and Cellular Therapies, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhajit Hajra
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Harish Chandra
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Uttam K Nath
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Chandra H, Gupta MK, Lam YW, Yadav JS. Predominantly Orphan Secretome in the Lung Pathogen Mycobacterium abscessus Revealed by a Multipronged Growth-Phase-Driven Strategy. Microorganisms 2024; 12:378. [PMID: 38399782 PMCID: PMC10892769 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12020378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The emerging lung pathogen Mycobacterium abscessus is understudied for its virulence determinants and molecular targets for diagnosis and therapeutics. Here, we report a comprehensive secretome (600 proteins) of this species, which was identified using a multipronged strategy based on genetic/genomic, proteomic, and bioinformatic approaches. In-solution digested bottom-up proteomics from various growth phases identified a total of 517 proteins, while 2D-GE proteomics identified 33 proteins. A reporter-gene-fusion-based genomic library that was custom-generated in this study enabled the detection of 23 secretory proteins. A genome-wide survey for N-terminal signal sequences using bioinformatic tools (Psortb 2.0 and SignalP 3.0) combined with a strategy of the subtraction of lipoproteins and proteins containing multiple transmembrane domains yielded 116 secretory proteins. A homology search against the M. tuberculosis database identified nine additional secretory protein homologs that lacked a secretory signal sequence. Considering the little overlap (80 proteins) among the different approaches used, this study emphasized the importance of using a multipronged strategy for a comprehensive understanding of the secretome. Notably, the majority of the secreted proteins identified (over 50%) turned out to be "orphans" (those with no known functional homologs). The revelation of these species-specific orphan proteins offers a hitherto unexplored repertoire of potential targets for diagnostic, therapeutic, and vaccine research in this emerging lung pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Chandra
- Pulmonary/Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (H.C.)
| | - Manish K. Gupta
- Pulmonary/Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (H.C.)
| | - Ying-Wai Lam
- Vermont Biomedical Research Network Proteomics Facility, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Jagjit S. Yadav
- Pulmonary/Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; (H.C.)
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Devi D, Gupta KK, Chandra H, Sharma KK, Sagar K, Mori E, de Farias PAM, Coutinho HDM, Mishra AP. Biodegradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) through application of indigenous strain Alcaligenes faecalis ISJ128. Environ Geochem Health 2023; 45:9391-9409. [PMID: 37184721 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01590-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The resiliency of plastic products against microbial degradation in natural environment often creates devastating changes for humans, plants, and animals on the earth's surface. Biodegradation of plastics using indigenous bacteria may serve as a critical approach to overcome this resulting environmental stress. In the present work, a polyethylene degrading bacterium Alcaligenes faecalis strain ISJ128 (Accession No. MK968769) was isolated from partially degraded polyethylene film buried in the soil at plastic waste disposal site. The biodegradation studies were conducted by employing various methods such as hydrophobicity assessment of the strain ISJ128, measurement of viability and total protein content of bacterial biofilm attached to the polyethylene surface. The proliferation of bacterial cells on polyethylene film, as indicated by high growth response in terms of protein content (85.50 µg mL-1) and viability (1010 CFU mL-1), proposed reasonable suitability of our strain A. faecalis ISJ128 toward polyethylene degradation. The results of biodegradation assay revealed significant degradation (10.40%) of polyethylene film within a short period of time (i.e., 60 days), whereas no signs of degradation were seen in control PE film. A. faecalis strain ISJ128 also demonstrated a removal rate of 0.0018 day-1 along with half-life of 462 days. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy studies not only displayed changes on polyethylene surface but also altered level of intensity of functional groups and an increase in the carbonyl indexes justifying the degradation of polyethylene film due to bacterial activity. In addition, the secondary structure prediction (M fold software) of 16SrDNA proved the stable nature of the bacterial strain, thereby reflecting the profound scope of A. faecalis strain ISJ128 as a potential degrader for the eco-friendly disposal of polyethylene waste. Schematic representation of methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Devi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand, 249404, India
| | - Kartikey Kumar Gupta
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand, 249404, India.
| | - Harish Chandra
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand, 249404, India
| | - Kamal Kant Sharma
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand, 249404, India
| | - Kalpana Sagar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand, 249404, India
| | - Edna Mori
- CECAPE College, Av. Padre Cícero, 3917 - São José, Juazeiro do Norte, CE, 63024-015, Brazil
| | | | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Department of Chemical Biology, Regional University of Cariri - URCA, Av. Cel Antonio Luiz, 1161, Pimenta, Crato, CE, 63105-000, Brazil.
| | - Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, Free State, South Africa.
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Kunnumbrath A, Chandra H, Azad S, Balasubramanian P. Necrotising granulomas masking Hodgkin lymphoma: Report of a rare case. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2023; 45 Suppl 2:S157-S160. [PMID: 34896017 PMCID: PMC10433297 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Harish Chandra
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Shweta Azad
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
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Venugopalan RK, Singh N, Anthony ML, Kunnumbrath A, Gupta AK, Nath UK, Chowdhury N, Chandra H. Leukemia-associated aberrant immunophenotype: A flow cytometry-based experience of 110 cases from a tertiary care center in Northern India. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:1335-1339. [PMID: 37787304 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_809_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Leukemic cells express a characteristic set of "cluster of differentiation" (CD) markers, which forms the basis of the current WHO classification. Leukemia-associated aberrant immunophenotype (LAIP) refers to expression of unusual CD markers by leukemic cells, which are not normally expressed by their respective lineage. The incidence of LAIP varies considerably, and its clinical implications, prognostic relevance, and sensitivity to therapy are still debatable. This study was conducted to identify the immunophenotypic aberrancies in newly diagnosed leukemias in our Institute. Method This was an observational study, which included newly diagnosed leukemias on flow cytometry. Aberrant immunophenotypic expressions were recorded whenever present and were correlated with prognostic factors like age, gender, and total leucocyte count (TLC). Results The study included 110 newly diagnosed cases of leukemias (85 acute and 25 chronic) over 1.5 years. Immunophenotypic aberrancies were detected in 40.4% of the cases. The highest incidence of aberrations was detected in acute myeloid leukemia (60.7%). LAIPs were detected in 50% of T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 25% cases of in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). Aberrant CD33 and CD56 expression in B-ALL correlated with poor prognostic factors like higher age and higher TLC, respectively. Immunophenotypic aberrancies were present in 28% cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Conclusion The results of this study have generated valuable baseline data on the incidence of LAIPs in this region. This information is vital because establishing LAIPs at the time of diagnosis is crucial for disease monitoring. Some LAIPs are associated with underlying cytogenetic abnormalities and hence impact the management and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika K Venugopalan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Michael L Anthony
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Arathi Kunnumbrath
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Arvind K Gupta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Uttam K Nath
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nilotpal Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Harish Chandra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Singh N, Chowdhury N, Bahadur A, Ahuja S, Arathi K, Jeladharan R, Mirza AA, Gupta AK, Chandra H, Rao S. Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Screening in Women Attending Antenatal Clinic at a Tertiary Care Center in Uttarakhand, India: A Re-look at the Laboratory Parameters Mandating High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Workup. Cureus 2023; 15:e40667. [PMID: 37485171 PMCID: PMC10356969 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies are the most common inherited hematological disorders. Of these, β thalassemia is the commonest disorder reported in India, followed by certain hemoglobinopathies encountered in different regions of the country. The data pertaining to the incidence of these disorders in the Uttarakhand region of India are sparse. AIM AND OBJECTIVES To ascertain the prevalence and spectrum of thalassemia/hemoglobinopathies amongst antenatal women in Uttarakhand. The study also aimed to analyze the ability of red cell indices in differentiating beta thalassemia trait (BTT) from mild iron deficiency anemia (IDA). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 460 pregnant women in the first trimester of pregnancy were screened by cation exchange high-performance liquid chromatography. Retention time and proportions of normal/abnormal hemoglobin peaks were documented in all cases. Hemoglobin A2 (HbA2) values of ≥4% were taken as a cut-off for diagnosing BTT. Blood samples were also collected for complete blood counts, reticulocyte counts, and serum ferritin. The ability of the various discriminatory indices to differentiate between IDA and BTT was also assessed. RESULTS The prevalence of BTT and hemoglobin D-Punjab trait amongst pregnant women was found to be 2.6% and 0.2%, respectively. RBC count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were found to be moderately strong predictors of BTT, with an area under the curve of 0.860, 0.857, and 0.842, respectively, which were comparable to the discriminatory indices found to be most useful in this study. CONCLUSION In view of the 2.6% prevalence of BTT in antenatal women in this region of Uttarakhand, a routine screening will be helpful in detecting carriers early in the antenatal period. Careful interpretation of red cell indices is crucial to the distinction between BTT and IDA. Discriminatory indices are reasonably accurate in differentiating BTT from mild iron deficiency, but for practical purposes, MCV and MCH provide equivalent information to identify cases that require further workup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Singh
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Nilotpal Chowdhury
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Anupama Bahadur
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Sana Ahuja
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, IND
- Oncopathology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, IND
| | - Kunnumbrath Arathi
- Pathology, Employees' State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) Medical College and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (PGIMSR), Chennai, IND
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Reshma Jeladharan
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Anissa A Mirza
- Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Arvind K Gupta
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Harish Chandra
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, IND
| | - Shalinee Rao
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, IND
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Hajra S, Kumar A, Sundriyal D, Chandra H, Balasubramanian P. A rare case report of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with multi-organ metastasis, clinico- radiologically mimicking lymphoma. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2023:S2531-1379(23)00087-1. [PMID: 37230880 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2023.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Hajra
- AIIMS, Rishikesh, Virbhadra Road, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Alok Kumar
- AIIMS, Rishikesh, Virbhadra Road, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Harish Chandra
- AIIMS, Rishikesh, Virbhadra Road, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Chandra H, Sorg JA, Hassett DJ, Sun X. Regulatory transcription factors of Clostridioides difficile pathogenesis with a focus on toxin regulation. Crit Rev Microbiol 2023; 49:334-349. [PMID: 35389761 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2054307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile (CD), a nosocomial gut pathogen, produces two major exotoxins, TcdA and TcdB, which disrupt the gut epithelial barrier and induce inflammatory/immune responses, leading to symptoms ranging from mild diarrhoea to pseudomembranous colitis and potentially to death. The expression of toxins is regulated by various transcription factors (TFs) which are induced in response to CD physiological life stages, nutritional availability, and host environment. This review summarises our current understanding on the regulation of toxin expression by TFs that interconnect with pathways of flagellar synthesis, quorum sensing, motility, biofilm formation, sporulation, and phase variation. The pleiotropic roles of some key TFs suggest that toxin production is tightly linked to other cellular processes of the CD physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Chandra
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School of Environmental and Earth Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, India
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joseph A Sorg
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Daniel J Hassett
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Xingmin Sun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Heuler J, Chandra H, Sun X. Mucosal Vaccination Strategies against Clostridioides difficile Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050887. [PMID: 37242991 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) presents a major public health threat by causing frequently recurrent, life-threatening cases of diarrhea and intestinal inflammation. The ability of C. difficile to express antibiotic resistance and to form long-lasting spores makes the pathogen particularly challenging to eradicate from healthcare settings, raising the need for preventative measures to curb the spread of CDI. Since C. difficile utilizes the fecal-oral route of transmission, a mucosal vaccine could be a particularly promising strategy by generating strong IgA and IgG responses that prevent colonization and disease. This mini-review summarizes the progress toward mucosal vaccines against C. difficile toxins, cell-surface components, and spore proteins. By assessing the strengths and weaknesses of particular antigens, as well as methods for delivering these antigens to mucosal sites, we hope to guide future research toward an effective mucosal vaccine against CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Heuler
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Harish Chandra
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Xingmin Sun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Gupta KK, Sharma KK, Chandra H. Utilization of Bacillus cereus strain CGK5 associated with cow feces in the degradation of commercially available high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:101. [PMID: 36862211 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03448-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation and mismanagement of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) waste in the environment is a complex problem in the present scenario. Biodegradation of this thermoplastic polymer is a promising environmentally sustainable method that offers a significant opportunity to address plastic waste management with minimal negative repercussion on the environment. In this framework, HDPE-degrading bacterium strain CGK5 was isolated from the fecal matter of cow. The biodegradation efficiency of strain was assessed, including percentage reduction in HDPE weight, cell surface hydrophobicity, extracellular biosurfactant production, viability of surface adhered cells, as well as biomass in terms of protein content. Through molecular techniques, strain CGK5 was identified as Bacillus cereus. Significant weight loss of 1.83% was observed in the HDPE film treated with strain CGK5 for 90 days. The FE-SEM analysis revealed the profused bacterial growth which ultimately caused the distortions in HDPE films. Furthermore, EDX study indicated a significant decrease in percentage carbon content at atomic level, whereas FTIR analysis confirmed chemical groups' transformation as well as an increment in the carbonyl index supposedly caused by bacterial biofilm biodegradation. Our findings shed light on the ability of our strain B. cereus CGK5 to colonize and use HDPE as a sole carbon source, demonstrating its applicability for future eco-friendly biodegradation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartikey Kumar Gupta
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Uttarakhand, Haridwar, India
| | - Kamal Kant Sharma
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Uttarakhand, Haridwar, India.
| | - Harish Chandra
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Uttarakhand, Haridwar, India
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Gupta KK, Chandra H, Sagar K, Sharma KK, Devi D. Degradation of high density polyethylene (HDPE) through bacterial strain from Cow faeces. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2023.102646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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Bhardwaj N, Chauhan P, Chandra H, Singh A, Gupta NJ. Polydispersed Acid-Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Induced the Integrin-Associated Protein (CD47) and Basigin (CD147) Expression and Modulated the Antioxidant Gene Expression in Erythroid Cells in Mice. BioNanoSci 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-023-01071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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Chandra H, Kovall RA, Yadav JS, Sun X. Host Immune Responses to Surface S-Layer Proteins (SLPs) of Clostridioides difficile. Microorganisms 2023; 11:380. [PMID: 36838345 PMCID: PMC9963625 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile, a nosocomial pathogen, is an emerging gut pathobiont causing antibiotic-associated diarrhea. C. difficile infection involves gut colonization and disruption of the gut epithelial barrier, leading to the induction of inflammatory/immune responses. The expression of two major exotoxins, TcdA and TcdB is the major cause of C. difficile pathogenicity. Attachment of bacterial abundant cell wall proteins or surface S-layer proteins (SLPs) such as SlpA with host epithelial cells is critical for virulence. In addition to being toxins, these surface components have been shown to be highly immunogenic. Recent studies indicate that C. difficile SLPs play important roles in the adhesion of the bacteria to the intestinal epithelial cells, disruption of tight junctions, and modulation of the immune response of the host cells. These proteins might serve as new targets for vaccines and new therapeutic agents. This review summarizes our current understanding of the immunological role of SLPs in inducing host immunity and their use in the development of vaccines and novel therapeutics to combat C. difficile infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Chandra
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow 226025, UP, India
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Rhett A. Kovall
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jagjit S. Yadav
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Xingmin Sun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Yadav PD, Kumar S, Agarwal K, Jain M, Patil DR, Maithal K, Mathapati B, Giri S, Mohandas S, Shete A, Sapkal G, Patil DY, Dey A, Chandra H, Deshpande G, Gupta N, Abraham P, Kaushal H, Sahay RR, Tripathy A, Nyayanit D, Jain R, Kumar A, Sarkale P, Baradkar S, Rajanathan C, Raju HP, Patel S, Shah N, Dwivedi P, Singh D. Needle-free injection system delivery of ZyCoV-D DNA vaccine demonstrated improved immunogenicity and protective efficacy in rhesus macaques against SARS-CoV-2. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28484. [PMID: 36625386 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The apprehension of needles related to injection site pain, risk of transmitting bloodborne pathogens, and effective mass immunization have led to the development of a needle-free injection system (NFIS). Here, we evaluated the efficacy of the NFIS and needle injection system (NIS) for the delivery and immunogenicity of DNA vaccine candidate ZyCoV-D in rhesus macaques against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Briefly, 20 rhesus macaques were divided into 5 groups (4 animals each), that is, I (1 mg dose by NIS), II (2 mg dose by NIS), III (1 mg dose by NFIS), IV (2 mg dose by NFIS) and V (phosphate-buffer saline [PBS]). The macaques were immunized with the vaccine candidates/PBS intradermally on Days 0, 28, and 56. Subsequently, the animals were challenged with live SARS-CoV-2 after 15 weeks of the first immunization. Blood, nasal swab, throat swab, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens were collected on 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days post infection from each animal to determine immune response and viral clearance. Among all the five groups, 2 mg dose by NFIS elicited significant titers of IgG and neutralizing antibody after immunization with enhancement in their titers postvirus challenge. Besides this, it also induced increased lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine response. The minimal viral load post-SARS-CoV-2 challenge and significant immune response in the immunized animals demonstrated the efficiency of NFIS in delivering 2 mg ZyCoV-D vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya D Yadav
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Command Hospital [Southern Command], Armed Forces Medical College [AFMC], Pune, India
| | - Kshitij Agarwal
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University college of Medical Scieneces and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Mukul Jain
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Dilip R Patil
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kapil Maithal
- Vaccine Technology Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Basavaraj Mathapati
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Suresh Giri
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Sreelekshmy Mohandas
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anita Shete
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Gajanan Sapkal
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepak Y Patil
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ayan Dey
- Vaccine Technology Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Harish Chandra
- Vaccine Technology Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Gururaj Deshpande
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Priya Abraham
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Himanshu Kaushal
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rima R Sahay
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anuradha Tripathy
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dimpal Nyayanit
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajlaxmi Jain
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abhimanyu Kumar
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prasad Sarkale
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shreekant Baradkar
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Hari Prasad Raju
- Vaccine Technology Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Satish Patel
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Niraj Shah
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Pankaj Dwivedi
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Dharmendra Singh
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Gupta KK, Sharma KK, Chandra H, Panwar H, Bhardwaj N, Altwaijry NA, Alsfouk AA, Dlamini Z, Afzal O, Altamimi ASA, Khan S, Mishra AP. The integrative bioinformatics approaches to predict the xanthohumol as anti-breast cancer molecule: Targeting cancer cells signaling PI3K and AKT kinase pathway. Front Oncol 2022; 12:950835. [PMID: 36591523 PMCID: PMC9798915 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.950835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women, and vast research is being conducted throughout the world for the treatment of this malignancy by natural products using various computational approaches. Xanthohumol, a prenylated flavonoid, is known for its anticancer activity; however, the mechanism behind its action is still in the preliminary stage. Methods The current study aimed to analyze the efficacy of xanthohumol compared to the currently available anticancer drugs targeting phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), serine/threonine kinase (AKT) receptors, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) for breast cancer treatment through in silico analysis. Results The result revealed that the target compound showed significant binding affinity to targets within the PI3K, AKT, and HER2 signaling pathways with a binding energy of -7.5, -7.9, and -7.9 kcal/mol, respectively. Further prediction studies were then made concerning this compound's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) as well as drug-likeness properties, resulting in its oral bioavailability with only a single violation of Lipinski's rule of five. Conclusions The finding revealed the ability of xanthohumol to bind with multiple cancer cell signaling molecules including PI3K, AKT kinase, and HER2. The current novel study opened the door to advancing research into the management and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartikey Kumar Gupta
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kamal Kant Sharma
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India,*Correspondence: Kamal Kant Sharma, ; Abhay Prakash Mishra, ; Shahanavaj Khan,
| | - Harish Chandra
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Himalaya Panwar
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nitin Bhardwaj
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Najla A. Altwaijry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha A. Alsfouk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zodwa Dlamini
- SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), DSI/NRF SARChI Chair in Precision Oncology and Cancer Prevention (POCP), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Obaid Afzal
- 4SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Abdulmalik S. A. Altamimi
- 4SAMRC Precision Oncology Research Unit (PORU), Pan African Cancer Research Institute (PACRI), University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Shahanavaj Khan
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, Indian Institute of Health and Technology (IIHT), Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India,Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, Australia,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Kamal Kant Sharma, ; Abhay Prakash Mishra, ; Shahanavaj Khan,
| | - Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Free State, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa,*Correspondence: Kamal Kant Sharma, ; Abhay Prakash Mishra, ; Shahanavaj Khan,
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Rajaura S, Chauhan P, Chandra H, Bhardwaj N. Aflatoxin B1 administration induces reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis of erythrocytes in mice. Toxicon 2022; 221:106963. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.106963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kunnumbrath A, Singh N, Gupta AK, Chowdhury N, Nath UK, Chandra H. Flow Cytometric Expression of CD49d in Newly Diagnosed Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Its Correlation with Established Prognostic Markers. J Lab Physicians 2022; 14:435-442. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1748828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the commonest hematological malignancy in the West but is relatively uncommon in India. The prognosis of CLL is determined by well-established prognostic markers. CD49d has been emerging as a promising prognostic marker in CLL. CD49d expression in CLL has been found to have an aggressive clinical course, shorter time to first treatment, and poorer prognosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the flow cytometric expression of CD49d in newly diagnosed CLL and to correlate its expression with clinico-hematological parameters.
Materials and Methods Twenty-five consecutive patients of CLL, diagnosed on flow cytometry, were included in the study. Patients on treatment or those with relapse were excluded. The panel for flow cytometry included the routine markers used for CLL diagnosis along with CD49d. The expression of CD49d was correlated with clinico-hematological parameters in all patients. “R” software was used for the statistical analysis. Fisher's exact test and Wilcox test were used to assess the correlation of CD49d to categorical and continuous data, respectively.
Results The mean age of the patients was 62.6 ± 12.5 years, and 80% were symptomatic at diagnosis. CD49d expression was found in 44% cases, with a higher proportion being male patients. CD49d and prolymphocyte percentage showed a statistically significant correlation (p = 0.0007). We found a statistically significant correlation between CD49d expression and lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly with p-values of 0.033 and 0.0472, respectively. CD49d positivity correlated significantly with a higher Rai stage (p = 0.0196) and intermediate and high-risk cases according to Binet staging (p = 0.033).
Conclusion CD49d expression in the present study correlated with a higher prolymphocyte percentage, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and higher Rai and Binet stages. CD49d expression on flow cytometry was reproducible and easy to interpret.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arathi Kunnumbrath
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nilotpal Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Uttam Kumar Nath
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Harish Chandra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Abstract
Pathobionts are opportunistic microbes that emerge as a result of perturbations in the healthy microbiome due to complex interactions of various genetic, exposomal, microbial, and host factors that lead to their selection and expansion. Their proliferations can aggravate inflammatory manifestations, trigger autoimmune diseases, and lead to severe life-threatening conditions. Current surge in microbiome research is unwinding these complex interplays between disease development and protection against pathobionts. This review summarizes the current knowledge of pathobiont emergence with a focus on Clostridioides difficile and the recent findings on the roles of immune cells such as iTreg cells, Th17 cells, innate lymphoid cells, and cytokines in protection against pathobionts. The review calls for adoption of innovative tools and cutting-edge technologies in clinical diagnostics and therapeutics to provide insights in identification and quantification of pathobionts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Chandra
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India,Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Krishna Kant Sharma
- Laboratory of Enzymology and Recombinant DNA Technology, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Olli H. Tuovinen
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xingmin Sun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA,Xingmin Sun Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Pratyoosh Shukla
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India,Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, India,CONTACT Pratyoosh Shukla School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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Chandra S, Kusum A, Gaur D, Chandra H. Analytical and post analytical phase of an ISO 15189:2012 Certified cytopathology laboratory-a five year institutional experience. J Cytol 2022; 39:37-43. [PMID: 35341112 PMCID: PMC8955700 DOI: 10.4103/joc.joc_90_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Analytical and post analytical phase are integral part of total quality management system and include steps from submission of slides till reports are dispatched. The present study was conducted to analyze the analytical and post analytical phase of the ISO15189:2012 certified cytopathology laboratory. It was also intended to study the various errors which were encountered and steps taken to reduce these discrepancies. Methods: The study included all documents of quality program from 1 November 2014 till 31 Oct 2019 in medical institute situated in north Himalayan region of India. All the data was recorded and analyzed for analytical and post analytical phase. Results: The number of samples received in cytopathology lab was 21,566 with total quality errors of 5.19%. Out of these pre-analytical errors were 55%, analytical 10.5% and post analytical errors constituted 34.4%. The maximum errors detected were due to typographical errors followed by delayed turnaround time. Cyto-histopathological discordance was 10.5% in non-gynecological cases and 2.2% in gynecological cases. Conclusion: Analytical and post analytical phase analysis is essential to minimize the errors and improve the quality of cytopathology lab. Cyto-histopathological correlation is valuable for continuous data tracking in the cytopathology with analytical errors analysis. Maintenance of external, internal quality program, turnaround time with documentation, continuous training and communication with clinician is fundamental for quality improvement in any cytopathology lab. Acknowledgement of nonconformance with root cause analysis and sincere efforts to minimize them is the basic key for successful quality management.
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Kumar U, Gupta AK, Singh N, Chandra H, Chowdhury N. Reference intervals for reticulocyte parameters (reticulocyte haemoglobin equivalent and immature reticulocyte fraction) in first-trimester pregnancy. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2021; 42:1401-1403. [PMID: 34913799 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2021.1983781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Reticulocyte parameters including reticulocyte haemoglobin equivalent (Ret-He) and immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF) are newly recognised hematological parameters that are being used for diagnosis and follow-up of anaemic patients. Reference intervals of these parameters have been established in different populations, however, the data relating to pregnancy are still lacking. One hundred and fifty-five first-trimester pregnant females were screened and the reference interval was calculated after selecting the patient with fixed criteria. R statistical software was used for statistical calculations. We tried to establish a reference interval of Ret-He content and IRF in first-trimester pregnancy in our study.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? Ret-He and IRF have been established as the marker of iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anaemia in different age groups and as a marker of response to iron therapy. However, literature is scarce regarding the reference intervals of these parameters, especially in pregnancy.What do the results of this study add? This study establishes the reference interval of newer reticulocyte parameters in first-trimester pregnancy which is not yet established in the literature. Establishing a reference interval is required for any laboratory parameters to be used in the clinical context.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and further research? The results of this study may help in making a clinical decision regarding iron deficiency in early pregnancy which is one of the common clinical problems in pregnancy. This study also serves as a baseline study for further studies of reference intervals for newer reticulocyte parameters in pregnancy. A similar study with a larger study population and follow-up with iron therapy may establish these parameters as one of the important markers of iron deficiency in pregnancy and help institute iron therapy on case-to-case basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal Kumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, India.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, India
| | - Harish Chandra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, India
| | - Nilotpal Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Rishikesh, India
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Dutta BK, Mani RN, Sharma S, Singh VV, Aggarwal T, Chandra H, Ratna S, Sharma S, Gupta AK. COVID-19-associated psychosis in Indian settings: A retrospective descriptive study. Ind Psychiatry J 2021; 30:S25-S28. [PMID: 34908660 PMCID: PMC8611608 DOI: 10.4103/0972-6748.328784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected millions of people across the world since early 2020. Besides the large number of case fatalities, this virus has produced significant health-related sequelae involving multiple systems of the body. As with previous coronavirus infections, this was also found to be associated with various neuropsychiatric symptoms. Psychosis has been uncommon, and the few reported cases across the world have forwarded association with either raised inflammatory markers or the consequences of social isolation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective descriptive study of 12 patients, who were admitted with COVID-19 infection and psychosis, between March 2020 and December 2020. Cases of head injury, any neurological or metabolic illnesses, and substance use disorders were excluded. RESULTS Cases with psychosis formed only 0.19% of all cases of COVID-19 admissions. All of them were young male and employed. Most of them had abrupt onset of psychosis with confusion, delusions, hallucinations, agitation, and sleep disturbances. Investigations including inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein) and computerized tomography scans were largely normal. Medications used were mainly benzodiazepines and antipsychotics. Most of the cases resolved within the second week, and follow-up after a month did not elicit any residual symptoms in majority. Diagnosis was acute and transient psychotic disorder (about 75%), bipolar affective disorder (2 cases), and schizophrenia (one). CONCLUSIONS The major findings included nonreactive inflammatory markers, quick resolution of symptoms, requirement of low doses of antipsychotic drugs, and no long-term sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Dutta
- Department of Psychiatry, Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - R N Mani
- Department of Psychiatry, Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - V V Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - T Aggarwal
- Department of Psychiatry, Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - H Chandra
- Department of Psychiatry, Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Sweta Ratna
- Department of Psychiatry, Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Sumit Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - A K Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, Army College of Medical Sciences and Base Hospital, Delhi, India
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Momin T, Kansagra K, Patel H, Sharma S, Sharma B, Patel J, Mittal R, Sanmukhani J, Maithal K, Dey A, Chandra H, Rajanathan CTM, Pericherla HPR, Kumar P, Narkhede A, Parmar D. Safety and Immunogenicity of a DNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (ZyCoV-D): Results of an open-label, non-randomized phase I part of phase I/II clinical study by intradermal route in healthy subjects in India. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 38:101020. [PMID: 34308319 PMCID: PMC8285262 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ZyCoV-D is a DNA vaccine candidate, which comprises a plasmid DNA carrying spike-S gene of SARS-CoV-2 virus along with gene coding for signal peptide. The spike(S) region includes the receptor-binding domain (RBD), which binds to the human angiotensin converting Enzyme (ACE)-2 receptor and mediates the entry of virus inside the cell. METHODS We conducted a single-center, open-label, non-randomized, Phase 1 trial in India between July 2020 and October 2020. Healthy adults aged between 18 and 55 years were sequentially enrolled and allocated to one of four treatment arms in a dose escalation manner. Three doses of vaccine were administered 28 days apart and each subject was followed up for 28 days post third dose to evaluate safety and immunogenicity. FINDINGS Out of 126 individuals screened for eligibility. Forty-eight subjects (mean age 34·9 years) were enrolled and vaccinated in the Phase 1 study Overall, 12/48 (25%) subjects reported at least one AE (i.e. combined solicited and unsolicited) during the study. There were no deaths or serious adverse events reported in Phase 1 of the study. The proportion of subjects who seroconverted based on IgG titers on day 84 was 4/11 (36·36%), 4/12 (33·33%), 10/10 (100·00%) and 8/10 (80·00%) in the treatment Arm 1 (1 mg: Needle), Arm 2 (1 mg: NFIS), Arm 3 (2 mg: Needle) and Arm 4 (2 mg: NFIS), respectively. INTERPRETATION ZyCoV-D vaccine is found to be safe, well-tolerated and immunogenic in the Phase 1 trial. Our findings suggest that the DNA vaccine warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taufik Momin
- Zydus Research Center, Clinical R & D, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N. H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Kevinkumar Kansagra
- Zydus Research Center, Clinical R & D, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N. H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Hardik Patel
- Zydus Research Center, Clinical R & D, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N. H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Zydus Research Center, Clinical R & D, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N. H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Bhumika Sharma
- Zydus Research Center, Clinical R & D, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N. H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Jatin Patel
- Zydus Research Center, Clinical R & D, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Sarkhej-Bavla N. H. No. 8 A, Moraiya, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | | | | | - Kapil Maithal
- Vaccine Technology Center, Cadila Healthcare Ltd, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Ayan Dey
- Vaccine Technology Center, Cadila Healthcare Ltd, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Harish Chandra
- Vaccine Technology Center, Cadila Healthcare Ltd, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | | | - Pawan Kumar
- Vaccine Technology Center, Cadila Healthcare Ltd, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Anjali Narkhede
- Quality Assurance and Regulatory Affairs, Cadila Healthcare Limited, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Deven Parmar
- Zydus Discovery DMCC, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Khorwal G, Negi G, Bhute A, Chandra H, Balasubramanian P, Pant J. Online Foundation Course Program for First Year Medical Undergraduates Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic - A New Learning Experience. Adv Med Educ Pract 2021; 12:739-744. [PMID: 34262388 PMCID: PMC8275033 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s310625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Foundation programs are conducted in medical schools for undergraduate students, since they are naïve and unaware of the medical profession in depth. The program helps them to become familiar with the undergraduate medical training. The present intake of first year medical undergraduates had joined the institute amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and hence the foundation program had to be conducted through an online platform. The present paper is a description of the online program conducted in the institute and is aimed to focus on the pros and cons of using an online platform for conducting the program and the experience gained from it. The online foundation program was conducted over a period of 16 days through the Zoom© platform. The program was tailored to cater for the orientation of 175 students who were admitted for first year MBBS batch 2020-2021. Feedback from students was obtained through Google Forms© at the end of the program. The online program was conducted smoothly due to the dedicated efforts of all the team members. Sessions requiring hands-on training and physical field visits had to be omitted in the present program. Network connectivity issues were reported sometimes. The conduction of the online foundation course program was indeed a learning experience. The team work was well reflected in the feedback from the students, which revealed appreciation for the overall program. Many sessions went very well in the online mode; however, sessions on humanities and extracurricular activities could have been organized in a better way with the physical presence of the students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitanjali Khorwal
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Gita Negi
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ashish Bhute
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Harish Chandra
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Jayanti Pant
- Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Dey A, Chozhavel Rajanathan TM, Chandra H, Pericherla HPR, Kumar S, Choonia HS, Bajpai M, Singh AK, Sinha A, Saini G, Dalal P, Vandriwala S, Raheem MA, Divate RD, Navlani NL, Sharma V, Parikh A, Prasath S, Sankar Rao M, Maithal K. Immunogenic potential of DNA vaccine candidate, ZyCoV-D against SARS-CoV-2 in animal models. Vaccine 2021; 39:4108-4116. [PMID: 34120764 PMCID: PMC8166516 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), initially originated in China in year 2019 and spread rapidly across the globe within 5 months, causing over 96 million cases of infection and over 2 million deaths. Huge efforts were undertaken to bring the COVID-19 vaccines in clinical development, so that it can be made available at the earliest, if found to be efficacious in the trials. We developed a candidate vaccine ZyCoV-D comprising of a DNA plasmid vector carrying the gene encoding the spike protein (S) of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The S protein of the virus includes the receptor binding domain (RBD), responsible for binding to the human angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE-2) receptor. The DNA plasmid construct was transformed into E. coli cells for large scale production. The immunogenicity potential of the plasmid DNA has been evaluated in mice, guinea pig, and rabbit models by intradermal route at 25, 100 and 500 µg dose. Based on the animal studies proof-of-concept has been established and preclinical toxicology (PCT) studies were conducted in rat and rabbit model. Preliminary animal study demonstrates that the candidate DNA vaccine induces antibody response including neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and also elicited Th-1 response as evidenced by elevated IFN-γ levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Dey
- Vaccine Technology Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | - Harish Chandra
- Vaccine Technology Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | - Mayank Bajpai
- Vaccine Technology Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Arun K Singh
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Anuradha Sinha
- Vaccine Technology Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Gurwinder Saini
- Vaccine Technology Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Parth Dalal
- Vaccine Technology Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | | | - Rupesh D Divate
- Vaccine Technology Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Neelam L Navlani
- Vaccine Technology Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Vibhuti Sharma
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Aashini Parikh
- Zydus Research Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Siva Prasath
- Vaccine Technology Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd, Ahmedabad, India
| | - M Sankar Rao
- Vaccine Technology Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Kapil Maithal
- Vaccine Technology Centre, Cadila Healthcare Ltd, Ahmedabad, India.
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Bhardwaj N, Chandra H. Impacts of Lockdown Interventions on the Spread of COVID-19 in India. J Glob Infect Dis 2021; 13:61-62. [PMID: 33911459 PMCID: PMC8054791 DOI: 10.4103/jgid.jgid_340_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Bhardwaj
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Science, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Harish Chandra
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India
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Chandra H, Singh C, Kumari P, Yadav S, Mishra AP, Laishevtcev A, Brisc C, Brisc MC, Munteanu MA, Bungau S. Promising Roles of Alternative Medicine and Plant-Based Nanotechnology as Remedies for Urinary Tract Infections. Molecules 2020; 25:E5593. [PMID: 33260701 PMCID: PMC7731396 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are considered to be the most common infections worldwide, having an incidence rate of 40-60% in women. Moreover, the prevalence of this disorder in adult women is 30 times more than in men. UTIs are usually found in many hospitals and clinical practice; as disorders, they are complicated and uncomplicated; in uncomplicated cases, there is no structural or functional abnormality in the urogenital tract. However, obstruction, retention of urine flow and use of catheters increase the complexity. There are several bacteria (e.g., E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, etc.) successfully residing in the tract. The diagnosis must not only be accurate but rapid, so early detection is an important step in the control of UTIs caused by uropathogens. The treatment of UTIs includes appropriate antimicrobial therapy to control the infection and kill the causal microbes inside the body. A long-time usage of antibiotics has resulted in multidrug resistance causing an impediment in treatment. Thus, alternative, combinatorial medication approaches have given some hope. Available treatments considered Homeopathic, Ayurvedic, Unani, and other herbal-based drugs. There are new upcoming roles of nanoparticles in combating UTIs which needs further validation. The role of medicinal plant-based nanotechnology approaches has shown promising results. Therefore, there must be active research in phyto-based therapies of UTIs, such as Ayurvedic Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Chandra
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar 249404, India;
| | - Chanchal Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mewar University, Chittorgarh 312901, India;
| | - Pragati Kumari
- S-02, Scientist Hostel, Chauras Campus, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand 246174, India;
| | - Saurabh Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, H.N.B. Garhwal University (A Central University), Srinagar (Garhwal) 246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Abhay P. Mishra
- Adarsh Vijendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shobhit University, Gangoh 247341, India
| | - Aleksey Laishevtcev
- Federal Research Center, Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine Named after K. I. Skryabin and Y. R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 109428 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Biocontrol and Antimicrobial Resistance, Orel State University, Named after I. S. Turgenev, 302026 Orel, Russia
| | - Ciprian Brisc
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (C.B.); (M.C.B.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Mihaela Cristina Brisc
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (C.B.); (M.C.B.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Mihai Alexandru Munteanu
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (C.B.); (M.C.B.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania;
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Gupta AK, Kunnumbrath A, Tayal SG, Mehan A, Sahay R, Kumar U, Jeladharan R, Anthony ML, Singh N, Chandra H, Chowdhury N. Short-term biological variation of differential count in healthy subjects in a South Asian population. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2020; 80:654-658. [PMID: 33016776 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2020.1827290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Estimates of Within-Subject and between subject biological variation for the white blood cell differential count (DC) have not been reported in South Asia. Therefore, we attempted to measure the short-term biological variation estimates for DC. The study was conducted on 28 healthy volunteers (15 males and 13 females). Blood from the volunteers was collected in the morning in K3-EDTA vials and analyzed in triplicate on the Sysmex XN-1000 analyzer, for six consecutive days. The Within subject, between subject and analytical coefficient of variation of the DC was calculated from the results by nested repeated measures ANOVA after outlier exclusion. The Reference change values (RCV) were also calculated. The within-subject variation for eosinophil Count and between subject variation for basophils in our study from South Asia was greater than the published European and American studies. Males and females showed similar biological variation for DC. The within-subject variation of other parameters (Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes and Basophils) were similar or showed only mild differences to the published studies. The markedly different within-subject variation for Eosinophil counts suggest that the RCV for DC in South Asians need to be different from the published data in order to have clinical relevance. The Within-subject variation values of the other parameters seem transportable from the published European and American studies, but the small differences found mean that further regional estimates need to be reported for robust evidence of the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Arathi Kunnumbrath
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Sakshi Garg Tayal
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Anoushika Mehan
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Rishabh Sahay
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Utpal Kumar
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Reshma Jeladharan
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Michael Leonard Anthony
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Harish Chandra
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Nilotpal Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
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Kumar U, Chandra H, Gupta AK, Singh N, Chaturvedi J. Role of Reticulocyte Parameters in Anemia of First Trimester Pregnancy: A Single Center Observational Study. J Lab Physicians 2020; 12:15-19. [PMID: 32792789 PMCID: PMC7419173 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The diagnosis of anemia in pregnancy should be early to prevent complications to mother and baby. It should be simple and safe, and therefore feasibility of reticulocyte parameters may prove beneficial in this regard. Newer reticulocyte parameters have not been studied extensively especially in pregnancy. The present study was conducted to evaluate reticulocyte hemoglobin content (Ret-He), immature reticulocyte fraction, and reticulocyte count and to compare them with serum ferritin, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) in assessment anemia in pregnancy. Material and Methods Prospective study included first trimester pregnant females where hemoglobin, MCV, and MCH were categorized and statistically analyzed with serum ferritin and reticulocyte parameters. Results The study included 155 first trimester pregnant females showing statistical difference in Ret-He between all categories of hemoglobin and MCV ( p < 0.05). ROC curve analysis using MCV < 83 fl and MCH <27 pg showed that area under curve for Ret-He at cutoff of 27.8 ng/mL was 0.93 (95% confidence interval 0.90-0.98, sensitivity 93%, specificity 83%). The cutoff of 27.2 ng/mL Ret-He for the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia has specificity of 86%, sensitivity 71%, positive predictive value 0.39, and likelihood ratio of 5.1. Conclusion Ret-He is a feasible and easily available parameter which may be helpful in differentiating between microcytic hypochromic and normocytic normochromic anemia along with frank and borderline anemia in first trimester pregnant females. This in turn is essential to initiate an early therapy so as to prevent the maternal and fetal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal Kumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Harish Chandra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jaya Chaturvedi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Naseri R, Navabi SJ, Samimi Z, Mishra AP, Nigam M, Chandra H, Olatunde A, Tijjani H, Morais-Urano RP, Farzaei MH. Targeting Glycoproteins as a therapeutic strategy for diabetes mellitus and its complications. Daru 2020; 28:333-358. [PMID: 32006343 PMCID: PMC7095136 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-020-00327-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Glycoproteins are organic compounds formed from proteins and carbohydrates, which are found in many parts of the living systems including the cell membranes. Furthermore, impaired metabolism of glycoprotein components plays the main role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of glycoprotein levels in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. METHODS All relevant papers in the English language were compiled by searching electronic databases, including Scopus, PubMed and Cochrane library. The keywords of glycoprotein, diabetes mellitus, glycan, glycosylation, and inhibitor were searched until January 2019. RESULTS Glycoproteins are pivotal elements in the regulation of cell proliferation, growth, maturation and signaling pathways. Moreover, they are involved in drug binding, drug transportation, efflux of chemicals and stability of therapeutic proteins. These functions, structure, composition, linkages, biosynthesis, significance and biological effects are discussed as related to their use as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications. CONCLUSIONS The findings revealed several chemical and natural compounds have significant beneficial effects on glycoprotein metabolism. The comprehension of glycoprotein structure and functions are very essential and inevitable to enhance the knowledge of glycoengineering for glycoprotein-based therapeutics as may be required for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozita Naseri
- Internal Medicine Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seyed Jafar Navabi
- Internal Medicine Department, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zeinab Samimi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal (A Central) University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India.
| | - Manisha Nigam
- Department of Biochemistry, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| | - Harish Chandra
- Department of Microbiology, Gurukul Kangri Vishwavidhyalya, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, 249404, India
| | - Ahmed Olatunde
- Department of Biochemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi, Nigeria
| | - Habibu Tijjani
- Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bauchi State University, Gadau, Nigeria
| | - Raquel P Morais-Urano
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Chandra H, Kumari P, Bontempi E, Yadav S. Medicinal plants: Treasure trove for green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles and their biomedical applications. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Gupta AK, Kunnumbrath A, Tayal SG, Kumar U, Bharati V, Anthony ML, Singh N, Chandra H, Chowdhury N. Short term biological variation of common hematological parameters in healthy subjects in a South Asian population. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2019; 80:93-98. [DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2019.1700424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Arathi Kunnumbrath
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Sakshi Garg Tayal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Utpal Kumar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Vandna Bharati
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Michael Leonard Anthony
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Harish Chandra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Nilotpal Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
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Chandra H, Gupta AK, Arathi K, Bharati V, Singh N. Bone marrow examination in geriatric patients-An institutional experience from the north Himalayan region of India. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:3931-3934. [PMID: 31879638 PMCID: PMC6924231 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_792_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The surge of the geriatric population has led to design research studies related to health problems in this age group worldwide. Bone marrow examination which is an important diagnostic tool for various diseases may vary in geriatric population in comparison to younger groups. The present study was, therefore, conducted to study the indications and morphological features of bone marrow examination in geriatric population in north Himalayan region of India. It was also intended to study if there is any variation in these findings from elderly populations in other parts of the world. Material and Methods: Study was conducted in an institute situated in north Himalayan Uttarakhand state of India over a period of two years including patients above 60 years of age who underwent bone marrow examination. Results: Total 156 cases underwent bone marrow examination with most common indication being suspicion of lymphoma (18.5%) followed by cytopenia (17.3%). Nutritional anaemia was most common pathological diagnosis in 16.6% cases. Diagnostic discordance between aspirate and biopsy was observed in 5.7% of total cases with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) being the most common misdiagnosis on aspirate. Conclusion: Nutritional anaemia particularly iron deficiency anaemia is the most common diagnosis of bone marrow examination indicating the importance of nutritional therapy in the elderly population of this region. Bone marrow biopsy proves to be an important adjunct to aspiration in precise diagnosis with minimal complications. The awareness of bone marrow findings would not only be helpful to clinicians and pathologists but also provide valuable information to the policymakers to improve the quality of health in the geriatric population of this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Chandra
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Arvind K Gupta
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - K Arathi
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vandna Bharati
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Chandra H, Gupta AK, Nath UK, Singh N, Kumar U, Kishore S. Clinico-hematological study of pancytopenia: A single-center experience from north Himalayan region of India. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:3944-3948. [PMID: 31879641 PMCID: PMC6924218 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_539_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pancytopenia, an important hematological presentation is associated with different causes, which may vary in different regions. Uttarakhand, a north Himalayan state of India lacks studies of pancytopenia and the prevalent causes present in this region. Therefore, the present study was conducted to study the clinico-hematological profile of pancytopenia in a tertiary care center in the Uttarakhand, a north Himalayan state of India. It was also intended to study if these causes showed any variation from other studies done in different regions of India. Materials and Methods: The present observational study was conducted in a tertiary care institute situated in Uttarakhand state of India over a period of 1 year and 8 month from June 2017 to Feb 2019 including all the cases of pancytopenia. Results: The most common cause of pancytopenia was megaloblastic anemia (25%), followed by aleukemic leukemia and hypoplastic/aplastic anemia (19.1% each). Visceral leishmaniasis also constituted an important cause of pancytopenia in this study (11.7%). Conclusion: The study concludes that megaloblastic anemia and aleukemic leukemia are the most common cause of pancytopenia. Although leishmaniasis is considered to be non-endemic in this region, it constitutes an important cause of pancytopenia here. The clinicians, especially the physicians practicing the primary care and pathologists, should be aware of the different causes of pancytopenia present in this Himalayan region of India; therefore, delay in diagnosis can be prevented along with unnecessary investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Chandra
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Arvind K Gupta
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Uttam K Nath
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Utpal Kumar
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sanjeev Kishore
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Chandra H, Patel D, Kumari P, Jangwan J, Yadav S. Phyto-mediated synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles of Berberis aristata: Characterization, antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity with special reference to urinary tract pathogens. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2019; 102:212-220. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Chandra S, Chandra H, Shukla SK, Sahu S. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of gallbladder with an attempt of cytomorphological classification. Cytojournal 2019; 16:1. [PMID: 30820231 PMCID: PMC6367906 DOI: 10.4103/cytojournal.cytojournal_5_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Image-guided fine-needle aspiration has emerged as an effective diagnostic tool for precise diagnosis of deep-seated lesions. Although occasional studies have made an attempt to classify the gallbladder carcinoma on cytology, literature lacks the standardized cytological nomenclature system used for it. The present study was conducted to study the role of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in diagnosis of gallbladder lesions with an attempt of cytomorphological classification. Methods: The study included cases of image-guided FNAC of the gallbladder over a period of 3½ years. An attempt was made to categorize gallbladder lesions on basis of architectural and cytomorphological features along with analysis of management. Results: The study included 433 cases and lesions were categorized on FNAC into five categories ranging from Category 1 (inadequate), Category 2 (negative for malignancy), Category 3 (atypical cells), Category 4 (highly atypical cells suggestive of malignancy), and Category 5 (positive for malignancy). The most common architectural pattern observed on FNAC of neoplasm was sheets and acini with predominance of columnar cells and adenocarcinoma being the most common malignancy. The histopathological diagnosis was available in 93 cases with cytohistopathological concordance of 94.4% in malignant cases. Conclusions: Image-guided FNAC plays an important role in diagnosis of gallbladder lesions with minimal complications. The cytomorphological classification of gallbladder lesions provides an effective base for accurate diagnosis and management. Category 3 and 4 are the most ambiguous category on FNAC which should be managed by either repeat FNAC or surgery in the light of worrisome radiological features. The vigilant examination of architectural pattern and cytomorphological features of the smears may be helpful in clinching the diagnosis and precisely subtyping malignant tumors along with prognostication of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Chandra
- Address: Department of Pathology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Harish Chandra
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Shukla
- Address: Department of Pathology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shantanu Sahu
- Department of Surgery, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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Chandra S, Gupta V, Chandra H, Dhyani M, Kotwal A, Verma SK, Gupta R. Serum Interleukin-6 is Not Linked with Sleep-Quality, Restless Legs Syndrome, and Depression, But with 6-Month Survival in Hematological Malignancies. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2019; 10:94-100. [PMID: 30765978 PMCID: PMC6338000 DOI: 10.4103/jnrp.jnrp_159_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Serum interleukin (IL)-6 has been found to be associated with sleep quality, mood, and survival in patients with solid tumors. Results in these studies were confounded by knowledge of diagnosis to study subjects. Moreover, such data among subjects with hematological malignancies and data regarding restless legs syndrome is limited. The present study was, therefore, conducted to assess the sleep quality, depression, and restless leg syndrome in hematological malignancies and to study if there is any role of IL6 associated with it. Methods: Sixty-six subjects having hematological malignancy were included in this study after excluding the potential confounders. Sleep quality was examined using Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, depression by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Diagnosis of RLS was made through clinical examination. Serum for measurement of IL-6 was collected at baseline and after 1 month of initiation of chemotherapy. Patients were followed up for 6 months. Results: Average age of study subjects was 50.16 years with male predominance. Nearly 22.7% had clinical depression, 28.8% had poor quality sleep, and restless legs syndrome (RLS) was reported in 6.1% cases. Nearly 22.7% patients died at 6 months. Disturbed sleep at baseline was associated with depression (odds ratio [OR] =7.89) and poor 6 months survival. Serum IL-6 did not show any association with sleep quality, restless-legs-syndrome, and depression. However, baseline high level of serum IL-6 (OR = 26.06) and low level after chemotherapy (OR = 0.03) were associated with poor survival at 6 months. Conclusion: Poor quality sleep, depression, and RLS are prevalent among adult subjects with hematological malignancies. Sleep disturbance, high pretreatment inflammatory and lowering of inflammatory load after chemotherapy increase likelihood for poor prognosis. Serum IL-6 did not show any association with sleep quality, restless legs syndrome and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Chandra
- Department of Pathology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vibha Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Harish Chandra
- Department of Pathology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mohan Dhyani
- Department of Psychiatry, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Aarti Kotwal
- Department of Microbiology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sanjiv Kumar Verma
- Department of Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Department of Psychiatry, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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Singh A, Pal S, Anthony M, Chetia R, Nath U, Chandra H. Massive lymphadenopathy and hypereosinophilia in cd5-negative small lymphocytic lymphoma. J Appl Hematol 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/joah.joah_54_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Anthony ML, Chandra H, Gupta A, Nath UK, Singh A. Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma: A Case with Long History. J Clin Diagn Res 2019. [DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2019/42798.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Oh Y, Noga R, Shanov V, Ryu H, Chandra H, Yadav B, Yadav J, Chae S. Electrically heatable carbon nanotube point-of-use filters for effective separation and in-situ inactivation of Legionella pneumophila. Chem Eng J 2019; 366:21-26. [PMID: 31275054 PMCID: PMC6604856 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.02.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite municipal chlorination and secondary disinfection, opportunistic waterborne pathogens (e.g., Legionella spp.) persist in public and private water distribution systems. As a potential source of healthcare-acquired infections, this warrants development of novel pathogen removal and inactivation systems. In this study, electrically heatable carbon nanotube (CNT) point-of-use (POU) filters have been designed to remove and inactivate Legionella pneumophila in water. The CNT/polymer composite membranes effectively removed Legionella (> 99.99%) (i.e., below detection limit) and were able to inactive them on the membrane surface at 100% efficiency within 60 s using ohmic heating at 20 V. The novel POU filters could be used as a final barrier to provide efficient rejection of pathogens and thereby simultaneously eliminate microorganisms in public and private water supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoontaek Oh
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, U.S.A
| | - Ryan Noga
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, U.S.A
| | - Vesselin Shanov
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, U.S.A
| | - Hodon Ryu
- National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268, U.S.A
| | - Harish Chandra
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, U.S.A
| | - Brijesh Yadav
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, U.S.A
| | - Jagjit Yadav
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, U.S.A
| | - Soryong Chae
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, U.S.A
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Verma R, Negi G, Kandwal A, Chandra H, Gaur DS, Harsh M. Effect of autologous PRP on wound healing in dental regenerative surgeries and its correlation with PDGF levels. Asian J Transfus Sci 2019; 13:47-53. [PMID: 31360011 PMCID: PMC6580828 DOI: 10.4103/ajts.ajts_25_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is the fraction of blood plasma, with increased concentration of platelets, from baseline serum level. Growth factors (GFs) in PRP expedite the soft tissue and bony healing. However, estimation of their levels and role in healing had not been studied extensively. This study gives an insight to the quantification of platelet-derived GF-BB (PDGF-BB) present in PRP and its correlation with the clinical wound healing and bone regeneration. AIMS: This study aims to quantify PDGF-BB levels in PRP with its subsequent correlation with healing in dental regenerative surgeries. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This was an experimental study including patients undergoing various dental regenerative surgeries. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Autologous thrombin-activated PRP in the form of PRP gel was used in study group (n = 39) whereas no such intervention was given in control group (n = 30). PDGF-BB quantification was done in PRP samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Clinicoradiological evaluation of healing was done in both the groups. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Descriptive analysis, independent Z-test, Correlation regression analysis, and ANOVA. RESULTS: Mean platelet concentration achieved in PRP was 5.79 times the baseline count. Mean PDGF-BB concentration in PRP was 31.92 ± 10.47 ng/ml which significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with the PRP platelet count. Study group showed significant healing clinically (P < 0.05). Significant bone fill observed in study group at 3 and 6 months when compared to the baseline as well as control group. Furthermore, bone fill at 6 months showed linear correlation with PGDF-BB levels (r = 0. 80). CONCLUSIONS: PRP led to enhanced bone regeneration and soft-tissue healing with former being directly related to higher concentration of PDGF-BB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Verma
- Department of Pathology, Swami Rama Himalayan Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Gita Negi
- Department of Pathology, Swami Rama Himalayan Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Abhishek Kandwal
- Department of Dentistry, Swami Rama Himalayan Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Harish Chandra
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Dushyant Singh Gaur
- Department of Pathology, Swami Rama Himalayan Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Meena Harsh
- Department of Pathology, Swami Rama Himalayan Institute, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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Chandra S, Chandra H, Kusum A, Singh Gaur D. Study of the Pre-Analytical Phase of an ISO 15189: 2012-Certified Cytopathology Laboratory: A 5-Year Institutional Experience. Acta Cytol 2018; 63:56-62. [PMID: 30566946 DOI: 10.1159/000494567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Total quality management, which basically involves pre-analytical, analytical, and postanalytical phases, is relatively more difficult in cytopathology due to descriptive reports and subjective variability. The pre-analytical phase of total quality management constitutes a major burden of errors in the laboratory and it has not been widely studied in cytopathology except in cervical Pap smears. The present study was therefore conducted to study the pre-analytical phase over 5 years from April 2013 until May 2018 at an ISO 15189: 2012-certified cytopathology laboratory, in a resource-limited setting. It was also intended to study the level of satisfaction of the patients and the training of the professionals provided in the cytology lab so as to improve and maintain high quality standards. METHODS The study included all the documents relating to the quality program used in the last 5 years in a medical institute situated in the north sub-Himalayan region of India. All the data were recorded and analysed for pre-analytical analysis of the total quality management system. RESULTS In total, 20,130 samples were received for cytological investigation. The total number of errors which were detected in the cytopathology lab were 1,430, constituting 7.1% of the total investigations done. The pre-analytical phase errors comprised 57% of the total errors (815/1,430), analytical errors constituted 11% (157/1,430), while postanalytical errors represented 32% (458/1,430). Incompletely filled requisition forms constituted the most common pre-analytical error (38%). There was a gradual decrease in the errors with time, but with a sudden increase between January to June 2015 due to new technicians joining during that period. CONCLUSION Pre-analytical quality management is an essential component for maintaining the quality and reducing the errors in the cytopathology lab. Documentation, continuous training, and maintenance of internal and external quality control with quality charts are the key for successful quality management. The identification of non-conformance with root-cause analysis and provision of scope for continuous improvement is vital for quality improvement in the lab. Patient satisfaction is an important aspect of quality in the lab, which should be combined with the satisfaction of the personnel working in the lab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Chandra
- Department of Pathology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India,
| | - Harish Chandra
- Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Anuradha Kusum
- Department of Pathology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India
| | - Dushyant Singh Gaur
- Department of Pathology, Himalayan Institute of Medical Sciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun, India
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Singh A, Bhatia G, Mehan A, Chandra H, Kant R. Unusual presentation of an uncommon disease. LEPROSY REV 2018. [DOI: 10.47276/lr.89.4.395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Patni B, Chandra H, Mishra AP, Guru SK, Vitalini S, Iriti M. Rice allelopathy in weed management – An integrated approach. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2018. [DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2018.64.8.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Patni B, Chandra H, Mishra AP, Guru SK, Vitalini S, Iriti M. Rice allelopathy in weed management - An integrated approach. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2018; 64:84-93. [PMID: 29981689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The intensive use of pesticides with low biodegradability and high persistence in soil, surface and ground waters, represents a considerable environmental risk, especially under high weed pressure conditions. Furthermore, the number of herbicide-resistant weeds is increasing. Against this background, the investigation of alternative weed control strategies has taken on considerable importance. Among these, allelopathy as a negative effect of one plant on another due to the direct or indirect (including microorganisms) release of chemicals in the environment can be a useful tool for the integrated management of weeds in agroecosystems. In particular, the paddies have been considered in this work by reviewing the data both on rice allelopathy and rice weed agronomic control methods developed to improve the crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babita Patni
- High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre. H.N.B. Garhwal University (Central University) Srinagar Garhwal-246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Harish Chandra
- High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre. H.N.B. Garhwal University (Central University) Srinagar Garhwal-246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Abhay Prakash Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H.N.B. Garhwal (Central University) Srinagar Garhwal, 246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Guru
- Department of Plant Physiology, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar-262310, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sara Vitalini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, via G. Celoria 2 - 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, via G. Celoria 2 - 20133 Milan, Italy
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Dawn A, Chandra H, Ade-Browne C, Yadav J, Kumari H. Frontispiece: Multifaceted Supramolecular Interactions from C-Methylresorcin[4]arene Lead to an Enhancement in In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Gatifloxacin. Chemistry 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201787264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Dawn
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy; University of Cincinnati; 231 Albert Sabin Way Cincinnati OH 45267-0004 USA
| | - Harish Chandra
- Department of Environmental Health; University of Cincinnati; College of Medicine; 160 Panzeca Way Cincinnati OH 45267-0056 USA
| | - Chandra Ade-Browne
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy; University of Cincinnati; 231 Albert Sabin Way Cincinnati OH 45267-0004 USA
| | - Jagjit Yadav
- Department of Environmental Health; University of Cincinnati; College of Medicine; 160 Panzeca Way Cincinnati OH 45267-0056 USA
| | - Harshita Kumari
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy; University of Cincinnati; 231 Albert Sabin Way Cincinnati OH 45267-0004 USA
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Dawn A, Chandra H, Ade-Browne C, Yadav J, Kumari H. Multifaceted Supramolecular Interactions from C-Methylresorcin[4]arene Lead to an Enhancement in In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Gatifloxacin. Chemistry 2017; 23:18171-18179. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Dawn
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy; University of Cincinnati; 231 Albert Sabin Way Cincinnati OH 45267-0004 USA
| | - Harish Chandra
- Department of Environmental Health; University of Cincinnati; College of Medicine; 160 Panzeca Way Cincinnati OH 45267-0056 USA
| | - Chandra Ade-Browne
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy; University of Cincinnati; 231 Albert Sabin Way Cincinnati OH 45267-0004 USA
| | - Jagjit Yadav
- Department of Environmental Health; University of Cincinnati; College of Medicine; 160 Panzeca Way Cincinnati OH 45267-0056 USA
| | - Harshita Kumari
- James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy; University of Cincinnati; 231 Albert Sabin Way Cincinnati OH 45267-0004 USA
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Yadav N, Chandra H. Suppression of inflammatory and infection responses in lung macrophages by eucalyptus oil and its constituent 1,8-cineole: Role of pattern recognition receptors TREM-1 and NLRP3, the MAP kinase regulator MKP-1, and NFκB. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188232. [PMID: 29141025 PMCID: PMC5687727 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Eucalyptus oil (EO) used in traditional medicine continues to prove useful for aroma therapy in respiratory ailments; however, there is a paucity of information on its mechanism of action and active components. In this direction, we investigated EO and its dominant constituent 1,8–cineole (eucalyptol) using the murine lung alveolar macrophage (AM) cell line MH-S. In an LPS-induced AM inflammation model, pre-treatment with EO significantly reduced (P ≤0.01or 0.05) the pro-inflammatory mediators TNF-α, IL-1 (α and β), and NO, albeit at a variable rate and extent; 1,8-cineole diminished IL-1 and IL-6. In a mycobacterial-infection AM model, EO pre-treatment or post-treatment significantly enhanced (P ≤0.01) the phagocytic activity and pathogen clearance. 1,8-cineole also significantly enhanced the pathogen clearance though the phagocytic activity was not significantly altered. EO or 1,8-cineole pre-treatment attenuated LPS-induced inflammatory signaling pathways at various levels accompanied by diminished inflammatory response. Among the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) involved in LPS signaling, the TREM pathway surface receptor (TREM-1) was significantly downregulated. Importantly, the pre-treatments significantly downregulated (P ≤0.01) the intracellular PRR receptor NLRP3 of the inflammasome, which is consistent with the decrease in IL-1β secretion. Of the shared downstream signaling cascade for these PRR pathways, there was significant attenuation of phosphorylation of the transcription factor NF-κB and p38 (but increased phosphorylation of the other two MAP kinases, ERK1/2 and JNK1/2). 1,8-cineole showed a similar general trend except for an opposite effect on NF-κB and JNK1/2. In this context, either pre-treatment caused a significant downregulation of MKP-1 phosphatase, a negative regulator of MAPKs. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the anti-inflammatory activity of EO and 1,8-cineole is modulated via selective downregulation of the PRR pathways, including PRR receptors (TREM-1 and NLRP3) and common downstream signaling cascade partners (NF-κB, MAPKs, MKP-1). To our knowledge, this is the first report on the modulatory role of TREM-1 and NLRP3 inflammasome pathways and the MAPK negative regulator MKP-1 in context of the anti-inflammatory potential of EO and its constituent 1,8-cineole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niket Yadav
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunotoxicology Laboratory, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Harish Chandra
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunotoxicology Laboratory, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yadav N, Chandra H. Modulation of alveolar macrophage innate response in proinflammatory-, pro-oxidant-, and infection- models by mint extract and chemical constituents: Role of MAPKs. Immunobiology 2017; 223:49-56. [PMID: 29031422 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
There is a continuing need for discovering novel primary or adjunct therapeutic agents to treat inflammatory conditions and infections. Natural products have inspired the discovery of several modern therapeutics; however, there is a paucity of mechanistic information on their mode of action. This study investigated the therapeutic potential and mode of action of corn mint's (Mentha arvensis) leaf extract (ME) in alveolar macrophages (AMs) challenged with model pro-inflammatory (LPS), pro- oxidant (LPS or H2O2), and infection (Mycobacterium) agents and contribution of its dominant constituents rosmarinic acid, l-menthol, and l-menthone. LPS-induced inflammatory response in the murine AM cell line MH-S was significantly reduced in terms of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1α) and nitric oxide (NO) when pre- or post-treated with ME. The ME pretreatment of macrophages led to a significant increase (P≤0.05) in phagocytic activity toward Mycobacterium smegmatis and a greater pathogen clearance in 24h in both ME pre-treated (P≤0.05) and post-treated cells. Significant attenuation (P≤0.01) of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in LPS- or H2O2-treated macrophages by pretreatment with whole mint extract (ME) was accounted for in part by the mint constituents rosmarinic acid and l-menthone. Attenuation of pro-inflammatory response by ME pretreatment coincided with the significant reduction in total and phosphorylated JNK1/2, decrease in total p38, and increase in phospho-ERK1/2 thereby implying a role of differential modulation of MAPKs. Taken together, the results demonstrate that corn mint leaf components cause potent anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-infection effects in AMs via suppression of the production of cytokines/soluble mediators and ROS and increased pathogen clearance, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the mode of action of corn mint targeting the alveolar macrophages and on the potential role of MAPKs in immunomodulation by this product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niket Yadav
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, USA
| | - Harish Chandra
- Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0056, USA.
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