1
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Roy R, Brouillac C, Jacques E, Quinton C, Poriel C. π-Conjugated Nanohoops: A New Generation of Curved Materials for Organic Electronics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402608. [PMID: 38744668 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Nanohoops, cyclic association of π-conjugated systems to form a hoop-shaped molecule, have been widely developed in the last 15 years. Beyond the synthetic challenge, the strong interest towards these molecules arises from their radially oriented π-orbitals, which provide singular properties to these fascinating structures. Thanks to their particular cylindrical arrangement, this new generation of curved molecules have been already used in many applications such as host-guest complexation, biosensing, bioimaging, solid-state emission and catalysis. However, their potential in organic electronics has only started to be explored. From the first incorporation as an emitter in a fluorescent organic light emitting diode (OLED), to the recent first incorporation as a host in phosphorescent OLEDs or as charge transporter in organic field-effect transistors and in organic photovoltaics, this field has shown important breakthroughs in recent years. These findings have revealed that curved materials can play a key role in the future and can even be more efficient than their linear counterparts. This can have important repercussions for the future of electronics. Time has now come to overview the different nanohoops used to date in electronic devices in order to stimulate the future molecular designs of functional materials based on these macrocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupam Roy
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR CNRS 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32603
| | | | | | | | - Cyril Poriel
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR CNRS 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
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2
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Yoshigoe Y, Shimada H, Takaki T, Imai Y, Saito S. Synthesis and Isolation of a Homochiral Nanohoop Composed of a Tröger's Base and Hexaparaphenylene. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304059. [PMID: 38230745 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of a new nanohoop containing a stereogenic Tröger's base skeleton tethered to a curved hexaparaphenylene ([6]CPP) is reported. The TB[6]CPP nanohoop possesses a stable C2 symmetrical structure, which promotes the allowed transition that gives rise to pale blue emission with a quantum yield of ~0.69, surpassing the value of the more symmetrical [8]CPP. Moreover, TB[6]CPP shows chiroptical properties including circular dichroism and circularly polarized luminescence with a moderate dissymmetry factor (|glum|) of ~2.1×10-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yoshigoe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shimada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Takuya Takaki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshitane Imai
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shinich Saito
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
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3
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Bliksted Roug Pedersen V, Price TW, Kofod N, Zakharov LN, Laursen BW, Jasti R, Brøndsted Nielsen M. Synthesis and Properties of Fluorenone-Containing Cycloparaphenylenes and Their Late-Stage Transformation. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303490. [PMID: 37930279 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) are the smallest possible armchair carbon nanotubes, the properties of which strongly depend on their ring size. They can be further tuned by either peripheral functionalization or by replacing phenylene rings for other aromatic units. Here we show how four novel donor-acceptor chromophores were obtained by incorporating fluorenone or 2-(9H-fluoren-9-ylidene)malononitrile into the loops of two differently sized CPPs. Synthetically, we managed to perform late-stage functionalization of the fluorenone-based rings by high-yielding Knoevenagel condensations. The structures were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analyses, which revealed that replacing a phenylene for a fused-ring-system acceptor introduces additional strain. The donor-acceptor characters of the CPPs were supported by absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic studies, electrochemical studies (displaying the CPPs as multi-redox systems undergoing reversible or quasi-reversible redox events), as well as by computations. The oligophenylene parts were found to comprise the electron donor units of the macrocycles and the fluorenone parts the acceptor units.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tavis W Price
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Nicolaj Kofod
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Lev N Zakharov
- CAMCOR-Center for Advanced Materials Characterization in Oregon, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403, USA
| | - Bo W Laursen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and, Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Mogens Brøndsted Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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4
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Wang Y, Huang S, Zhang Z, Yan X. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Silole-Fused Cycloparaphenylenes. J Org Chem 2024; 89:681-686. [PMID: 38065576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report the introduction of a silole unit into cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs), and two compounds [12]Si3CPP and [16]Si4CPP are obtained by a platinum- and gold-mediated cyclooligomerization strategy. Their optical and electronic properties are studied by UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectra, which show red shifts and higher photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) compared with the corresponding CPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yedong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqing Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Light Conversion Materials and Biophotonics Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People's Republic of China
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5
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Yoshigoe Y, Tanji Y, Hata Y, Osakada K, Saito S, Kayahara E, Yamago S, Tsuchido Y, Kawai H. Dynamic Au-C σ-Bonds Leading to an Efficient Synthesis of [ n]Cycloparaphenylenes ( n = 9-15) by Self-Assembly. JACS AU 2022; 2:1857-1868. [PMID: 36032535 PMCID: PMC9400051 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The transmetalation of the digold(I) complex [Au2Cl2(dcpm)] (1) (dcpm = bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)methane) with oligophenylene diboronic acids gave the triangular macrocyclic complexes [Au2(C6H4) x (dcpm)]3 (x = 3, 4, 5) with yields of over 70%. On the other hand, when the other digold(I) complex [Au2Cl2(dppm)] (1') (dppm = bis(diphenylphosphino)methane) was used, only a negligible amount of the triangular complex was obtained. The control experiments revealed that the dcpm ligand accelerated an intermolecular Au(I)-C σ-bond-exchange reaction and that this high reversibility is the origin of the selective formation of the triangular complexes. Structural analyses and theoretical calculations indicate that the dcpm ligand increases the electrophilicity of the Au atom in the complex, thus facilitating the exchange reaction, although the cyclohexyl group is an electron-donating group. Furthermore, the oxidative chlorination of the macrocyclic gold complexes afforded a series of [n]cycloparaphenylenes (n = 9, 12, 15) in 78-88% isolated yields. The reorganization of two different macrocyclic Au complexes gave a mixture of macrocyclic complexes incorporating different oligophenylene linkers, from which a mixture of [n]cycloparaphenylenes with various numbers of phenylene units was obtained in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yoshigoe
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo
University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yohei Tanji
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo
University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Yusei Hata
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo
University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Osakada
- Laboratory
for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Shinichi Saito
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo
University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tsuchido
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo
University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kawai
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo
University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka,Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan
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6
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Roy I, David AHG, Das PJ, Pe DJ, Stoddart JF. Fluorescent cyclophanes and their applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5557-5605. [PMID: 35704949 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00352b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
With the serendipitous discovery of crown ethers by Pedersen more than half a century ago and the subsequent introduction of host-guest chemistry and supramolecular chemistry by Cram and Lehn, respectively, followed by the design and synthesis of wholly synthetic cyclophanes-in particular, fluorescent cyclophanes, having rich structural characteristics and functions-have been the focus of considerable research activity during the past few decades. Cyclophanes with remarkable emissive properties have been investigated continuously over the years and employed in numerous applications across the field of science and technology. In this Review, we feature the recent developments in the chemistry of fluorescent cyclophanes, along with their design and synthesis. Their host-guest chemistry and applications related to their structure and properties are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranil Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Arthur H G David
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - Partha Jyoti Das
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - David J Pe
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA. .,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310021, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou, 311215, China
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7
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Esser B, Wössner JS, Hermann M. Conjugated Nanohoops with Dibenzo[a,e]pentalenes as Non-alternant and Antiaromatic π-Systems. Synlett 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1740-7139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated nanohoops are excellent candidates to study structure-property relationships, as optoelectronic materials and as hosts for supramolecular chemistry. While carbon nanohoops containing aromatics are well studied, antiaromatic units had not been incorporated until recently by our group using dibenzo[a,e]pentalene (DBP). The non-alternant electronic character of the DBP units significantly influences the optoelectronic properties of such nanohoops. We herein summarize our synthetic strategies to DBP-containing nanohoops, their structural and electronic properties, chirality and host-guest chemistry. We demonstrate how incorporating antiaromatic units leads to unique properties and opens new synthetic avenues, making such nanohoops attractive as potential electronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jan S Wössner
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Mathias Hermann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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8
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Wei Y, Yan Y, Li X, Xie L, Huang W. Covalent nanosynthesis of fluorene-based macrocycles and organic nanogrids. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 20:73-97. [PMID: 34859249 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01558c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gridization is an alternative way to create macromolecules of various sizes in addition to linear and dendritic polymerization as well as cyclization. Organic nanogrids are an expanding family of macrocycle-like closed structures at the nanoscale, but with a series of well-defined extension edges and vertices. Cyclic nanogrids can be used as nanoscale building blocks for the fabrication of not only rotaxanes, catenanes, knots, 3D cages, but also nanopolymers, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and complex molecular cross-scale architectures. In this review, the history of fluorene-based macrocycles has first been explored, followed by the development of the synthetic methodologies; in particular, fluorene-based nanogrids are highlighted owing to their features and applications. Typically, fluorenes are fused arenes with a hybrid entity between tetrahedral Csp3 and Csp2. Four ingenious connection modes of fluorene-based macrocycles, including 2,7-, 3,6-, 9,9-, and 2,9-linkages, fully demonstrate the geometric possibilities of the macrocycles and nanogrids. Such fluorene-based nanogrids will give birth to organic intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wei
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yongxia Yan
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Linghai Xie
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Wei Huang
- Centre for Molecular Systems and Organic Devices (CMSOD), State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China. .,Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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9
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Dumele O, Grabicki N. Confining the Inner Space of Strained Carbon Nanorings. Synlett 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1719853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractStrained aromatic macrocycles based on cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) are the shortest repeating units of armchair single-walled carbon nanotubes. Since the development of several new synthetic methodologies for accessing these structures, their properties have been extensively studied. Besides the fundamental interest in these novel molecular scaffolds, their application in the field of materials science is an ongoing topic of research. Most of the reported CPP-type macrocycles display strong binding toward fullerenes, due to the perfect match between the convex and concave π-surfaces of fullerenes and CPPs, respectively. Highly functionalized CPP derivatives capable of supramolecular binding with other molecules are rarely reported. The synthesis of highly functionalized [n]cyclo-2,7-pyrenylenes leads to CPP-type macrocycles with a defined cavity capable of binding non-fullerene guests with high association constants.
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10
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Wössner JS, Wassy D, Weber A, Bovenkerk M, Hermann M, Schmidt M, Esser B. [ n]Cyclodibenzopentalenes as Antiaromatic Curved Nanocarbons with High Strain and Strong Fullerene Binding. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12244-12252. [PMID: 34324813 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated nanohoops provide a platform to study structure-property relationships; they are attractive hosts for supramolecular chemistry as well as promising candidates as new organic materials. We herein present [n]cyclodibenzopentalenes ([n]CDBPs) as antiaromatic analogues of [n]cycloparaphenylenes. Platinum-mediated macrocyclization of dibenzopentalene boronic esters provided the trimer and tetramer with strain energies of up to 80 kcal mol-1. In the solid state, the cylindrical [4]CDBP molecules align to form columnar structures. The larger hoop [4]CDBP binds both fullerenes C60 and C70 with temperature-dependent exchange behavior, providing higher activation energies for the exchange compared to [10]CPP. The antiaromatic character of the [n]CDBPs paired with the cyclic conjugation leads to high HOMO energies and lowered LUMO energies with band gaps below 2 eV. This work presents a new class of the antiaromatic and nonalternant curved nanocarbons with intriguing supramolecular and ambipolar optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan S Wössner
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Wassy
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andrej Weber
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Bovenkerk
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Hermann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schmidt
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF), University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Kȯhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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11
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Yoshigoe Y, Suzaki Y, Osakada K. Cyclic Diplatinum Complex with a Tröger's Base Ligand and Reductive Elimination of a Highly Strained Ring Molecule. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Yoshigoe
- Research Laboratory of Chemistry and Life Science Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Tokyo University of Science 1–3 Kagurazaka Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Yuji Suzaki
- Research Laboratory of Chemistry and Life Science Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Kohtaro Osakada
- Research Laboratory of Chemistry and Life Science Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi Tsukuba 305-8565 Japan
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12
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Mirzaei S, Castro E, Hernández Sánchez R. Conjugated Molecular Nanotubes. Chemistry 2021; 27:8642-8655. [PMID: 33780560 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Molecular compounds with permanent tubular architectures displaying radial π-conjugation are exceedingly rare. Their radial and axial delocalization presents them with unique optical and electronic properties, such as remarkable tuning of their Stokes shifts, and redox switching between global and local aromaticity. Although these tubular compounds display large internal void spaces, these attributes have not been extensively explored, thus presenting future opportunities in the development of materials. By using cutting-edge synthetic methodologies to bend aromatic surfaces, large opportunities in synthesis, property discovery, and applications are expected in new members of this family of conjugated molecular nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Mirzaei
- Department of Chemistry, Dietrich School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Edison Castro
- Department of Chemistry, Dietrich School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Raúl Hernández Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry, Dietrich School of Arts & Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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13
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Hermann M, Wassy D, Esser B. Conjugated Nanohoops Incorporating Donor, Acceptor, Hetero- or Polycyclic Aromatics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:15743-15766. [PMID: 32902109 PMCID: PMC9542246 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the last 13 years several synthetic strategies were developed that provide access to [n]cycloparaphenylenes ([n]CPPs) and related conjugated nanohoops. A number of potential applications emerged, including optoelectronic devices, and their use as templates for carbon nanomaterials and in supramolecular chemistry. To tune the structural or optoelectronic properties of carbon nanohoops beyond the size‐dependent effect known for [n]CPPs, a variety of aromatic rings other than benzene were introduced. In this Review, we provide an overview of the syntheses, properties, and applications of conjugated nanohoops beyond [n]CPPs with intrinsic donor/acceptor structure or such that contain acceptor, donor, heteroaromatic or polycyclic aromatic units within the hoop as well as conjugated nanobelts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Hermann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Wassy
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
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14
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Hermann M, Wassy D, Esser B. Conjugated Nanohoops Incorporating Donor, Acceptor, Hetero‐ or Polycyclic Aromatics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Hermann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry University of Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Daniel Wassy
- Institute for Organic Chemistry University of Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry University of Freiburg Albertstr. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
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15
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Tsuchido Y, Abe R, Ide T, Osakada K. A Macrocyclic Gold(I)-Biphenylene Complex: Triangular Molecular Structure with Twisted Au 2 (diphosphine) Corners and Reductive Elimination of [6]Cycloparaphenylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:22928-22932. [PMID: 32692468 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The digold(I) complex [Au2 Cl2 (Cy2 PCH2 PCy2 )] reacts with 4,4'-diphenylene diboronic acid to form a triangular macrocyclic complex with twisted Au-P-C-P-Au groups at the three corners. The synthesis of the complex and its chemical oxidation produced [6]cycloparaphenylene ([6]CPP) in 59 % overall yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Tsuchido
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8601, Japan
| | - Ryota Abe
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Tomohito Ide
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tokyo College, 1220-2 Kunugida-machi, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, 193-0997, Japan
| | - Kohtaro Osakada
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
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16
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Kim J, Kishi R, Kayahara E, Kim W, Yamago S, Nakano M, Kim D. Ultrafast Exciton Self-Trapping and Delocalization in Cycloparaphenylenes: The Role of Excited-State Symmetry in Electron-Vibrational Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:16989-16996. [PMID: 32558161 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Upon photon absorption, π-conjugated organics are apt to undergo ultrafast structural reorganization via electron-vibrational coupling during non-adiabatic transitions. Ultrafast nuclear motions modulate local planarity and quinoid/benzenoid characters within conjugated backbones, which control primary events in the excited states, such as localization, energy transfer, and so on. Femtosecond broadband fluorescence upconversion measurements were conducted to investigate exciton self-trapping and delocalization in cycloparaphenylenes as ultrafast structural reorganizations are achieved via excited-state symmetry-dependent electron-vibrational coupling. By accessing two high-lying excited states, one-photon and two-photon allowed states, a clear discrepancy in the initial time-resolved fluorescence spectra and the temporal dynamics/spectral evolution of fluorescence spectra were monitored. Combined with quantum chemical calculations, a novel insight into the effect of the excited-state symmetry on ultrafast structural reorganization and exciton self-trapping in the emerging class of π-conjugated materials is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juno Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional, π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Woojae Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional, π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional, π-Electronic Systems, Yonsei University, 03722, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Tsuchido Y, Abe R, Ide T, Osakada K. A Macrocyclic Gold(I)–Biphenylene Complex: Triangular Molecular Structure with Twisted Au
2
(diphosphine) Corners and Reductive Elimination of [6]Cycloparaphenylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Tsuchido
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Tokyo University of Science 1–3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Ryota Abe
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Tomohito Ide
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology, Tokyo College 1220-2 Kunugida-machi, Hachioji-shi Tokyo 193-0997 Japan
| | - Kohtaro Osakada
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science Institute of Innovative Research Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259-R1-3 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
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18
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Kim J, Kishi R, Kayahara E, Kim W, Yamago S, Nakano M, Kim D. Ultrafast Exciton Self‐Trapping and Delocalization in Cycloparaphenylenes: The Role of Excited‐State Symmetry in Electron‐Vibrational Coupling. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juno Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional, π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Ryohei Kishi
- Department of Materials Engineering Science Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560–8531 Japan
| | - Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Uji 611-0011 Japan
| | - Woojae Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional, π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Uji 611-0011 Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560–8531 Japan
| | - Dongho Kim
- Department of Chemistry Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional, π-Electronic Systems Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Korea
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19
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Li Y, Segawa Y, Yagi A, Itami K. A Nonalternant Aromatic Belt: Methylene-Bridged [6]Cycloparaphenylene Synthesized from Pillar[6]arene. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12850-12856. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Li
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
- Department of Structural Molecular Science, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Akiko Yagi
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
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20
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Sicard L, Lucas F, Jeannin O, Bouit P, Rault‐Berthelot J, Quinton C, Poriel C. [
n
]‐Cyclo‐9,9‐dibutyl‐2,7‐fluorene (
n
=4, 5): Nanoring Size Influence in Carbon‐Bridged Cyclo‐
para
‐phenylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11066-11072. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabien Lucas
- Univ RennesCNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | | | | | | | | | - Cyril Poriel
- Univ RennesCNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
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21
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Sicard L, Lucas F, Jeannin O, Bouit P, Rault‐Berthelot J, Quinton C, Poriel C. [
n
]‐Cyclo‐9,9‐dibutyl‐2,7‐fluorene (
n
=4, 5): Nanoring Size Influence in Carbon‐Bridged Cyclo‐
para
‐phenylenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabien Lucas
- Univ RennesCNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
| | | | | | | | | | - Cyril Poriel
- Univ RennesCNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226 35000 Rennes France
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22
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Kawanishi T, Ishida K, Kayahara E, Yamago S. Selective and Gram-Scale Synthesis of [8]Cycloparaphenylene. J Org Chem 2020; 85:2082-2091. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kawanishi
- Oji R&D Center, Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., LTD., Toshima, Kita-ku, Tokyo 114-0003, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ishida
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
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23
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24
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Wassy D, Pfeifer M, Esser B. Synthesis and Properties of Conjugated Nanohoops Incorporating Dibenzo[ a, e]pentalenes: [2]DBP[12]CPPs. J Org Chem 2019; 85:34-43. [PMID: 31187987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated nanohoops allow studying the effect of cyclic conjugation and bending on the incorporated π-systems. To date, no such system containing antiaromatic units has been reported. We herein present [12]cycloparaphenylenes incorporating two dibenzo[a,e]pentalene units: [2]DBP[12]CPP nanohoops. Dibenzo[a,e]pentalene is a nonalternant hydrocarbon with antiaromatic character. The syntheses and optoelectronic properties of two different [2]DBP[12]CPP nanohoops with electronically modifying substituents are reported, accompanied by TDDFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Wassy
- Institute for Organic Chemistry , University of Freiburg , Albertstraße 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Manuel Pfeifer
- Institute for Organic Chemistry , University of Freiburg , Albertstraße 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany
| | - Birgit Esser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry , University of Freiburg , Albertstraße 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany.,Freiburg Materials Research Center , University of Freiburg , Stefan-Meier-Straße 21 , 79104 Freiburg , Germany.,Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT - Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies , University of Freiburg , Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 , 79110 Freiburg , Germany
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25
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Kogashi K, Matsuno T, Sato S, Isobe H. Narrowing Segments of Helical Carbon Nanotubes with Curved Aromatic Panels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7385-7389. [PMID: 30938054 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201902893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Rigid molecular cylinders with a 1 nm diameter were synthesized by assembling arylene panels with Pt-mediated macrocylization. Chrysenylene panels that previously participated in tetrameric macrocyclization were contorted by the addition of two benzo groups on the sides to form dibenzochrysenylene, which allowed for a reduction in the numbers of participating panels to three. Consequently, narrowed cyclochrysenylene congeners were obtained. The narrowed chiral cylinders possessed width-dependent chiroptical properties. The magnetic transition dipole moment was dictated by the radius of a ring-current-like circle that was formed by local electric transition dipole moments on the cylinder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Kogashi
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Taisuke Matsuno
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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26
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Kogashi K, Matsuno T, Sato S, Isobe H. Narrowing Segments of Helical Carbon Nanotubes with Curved Aromatic Panels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201902893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Kogashi
- Department of Chemistry Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Taisuke Matsuno
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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27
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Zhao H, Ma YC, Cao L, Huang S, Zhang JP, Yan X. Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Chalcophenes-Embedded Cycloparaphenylenes. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5230-5235. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying-Chao Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiqing Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Wu D, Cheng W, Ban X, Xia J. Cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs): An Overview of Synthesis, Properties, and Potential Applications. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Wei Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Xiangtao Ban
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Jianlong Xia
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing; Wuhan University of Technology; No. 122 Luoshi Road Wuhan 430070 China
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yao Cheng
- College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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30
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Sicard L, Jeannin O, Rault-Berthelot J, Quinton C, Poriel C. [4]Cyclofluorene: Unexpected Influence of Alkyl Chain Length. Chempluschem 2018; 83:874-880. [PMID: 31950686 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Presented here is the study of a new example of [4]cyclofluorene, with ethyl chains on the bridgeheads. Its molecular structure was established by solution NMR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Three successive oxidation processes and one reversible reduction were observed through cyclic voltammetry. The optical properties were characterized both in solution and thin film by UV/visible spectroscopy as well as stationary and time-resolved fluorescence. It was found that this [4]cyclofluorene displays different characteristics compared with the other [4]cyclofluorenes substituted by methyl or propyl chains: a simple modification of the chain length induces a non-negligible effect on the emission properties, which must be linked to the specific arrangement of the fluorene units. Furthermore, single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals the formation of a pseudo-tubular solid-state arrangement of fully symmetrical ring structures, which was not observed for the other members of the [4]cyclofluorenes family. This finding could open the way to modulation of properties of cyclofluorenes through alkyl chain engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambert Sicard
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Jeannin
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Cyril Poriel
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
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31
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Shouda T, Nakanishi K, Sasamori T, Tokitoh N, Kuramochi K, Tsubaki K. Synthesis and Structures of Zigzag Shaped [12]Cyclo-p-phenylene Composed of Dinaphthofuran Units and Biphenyl Units. J Org Chem 2017; 82:7850-7855. [PMID: 28675033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A [12]Cyclo-p-phenylene 9 composed of dinaphthofuran units and biphenyl units was synthesized through reductive elimination of the corresponding trinuclear complex by applying Yamago's method. The X-ray crystallographic analyses of 9 revealed that it adopts a zigzag conformation in the solid state. The UV-vis and fluorescence measurements of compound 9 indicated that it also preferentially took a zigzag conformation in the solution state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Shouda
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University , Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University , Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sasamori
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University , Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tokitoh
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University , Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kouji Kuramochi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University , Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science , 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunori Tsubaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University , Shimogamo, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
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32
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Li S, Aljhdli M, Thakellapalli H, Farajidizaji B, Zhang Y, Akhmedov NG, Milsmann C, Popp BV, Wang KK. Synthesis and Structure of a Functionalized [9]Cycloparaphenylene Bearing Three Indeno[2,1-a]fluorene-11,12-dione-2,9-diyl Units. Org Lett 2017; 19:4078-4081. [PMID: 28727459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjiang Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Merfat Aljhdli
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Haresh Thakellapalli
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Behzad Farajidizaji
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Yu Zhang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Novruz G. Akhmedov
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Carsten Milsmann
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Brian V. Popp
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Kung K. Wang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
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33
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Hashimoto S, Iwamoto T, Kurachi D, Kayahara E, Yamago S. Shortest Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Composed of Cycloparaphenylenes. Chempluschem 2017; 82:1015-1020. [PMID: 31961607 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The host-guest chemistry of cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) of different sizes is described. [n]CPPs (n=5, 6, 7, 8, and 10) selectively interact with [n+5]CPPs, forming complexes [n+5]CPP⊃[n]CPP, which are the shortest double-walled armchair carbon nanotubes. The size selectivity is dictated by the difference in diameters of the CPPs (that is, 0.34-0.35 nm), which maximizes attractive van der Waals interactions. Theoretical calculations suggest that the orbital energies of the CPPs become perturbed upon complex formation, and orbital mixing between the two CPPs is predicted for large CPP pairs. The association constants in 1,1,2,2-[D2 ]tetrachloroethane, estimated by 1 H NMR titration, are approximately 103 mol L-1 at 50 °C. Van't Hoff plot analysis reveals that complexation is driven mainly by entropy owing to desolvation of the CPPs. [13]CPP also forms a complex with [4]cyclo-2,7-pyrenylene ([4]CPY), which is a π-extended [8]CPP. Theoretical calculations suggest that the formation of [13]CPP⊃[4]CPY is more exothermic than that of [13]CPP⊃[8]CPP. A ternary complex, [15]CPP⊃[10]CPP⊃C60 , is also formed by mixing [15]CPP and [10]CPP⊃C60 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigma Hashimoto
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takahiro Iwamoto
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kurachi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
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34
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Hitosugi S, Sato S, Matsuno T, Koretsune T, Arita R, Isobe H. Pentagon‐Embedded Cycloarylenes with Cylindrical Shapes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shunpei Hitosugi
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Taisuke Matsuno
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | | | - Ryotaro Arita
- Center for Emergent Matter Science RIKEN Wako Saitama 351-098 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry The University of Tokyo JST ERATO Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
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35
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Hitosugi S, Sato S, Matsuno T, Koretsune T, Arita R, Isobe H. Pentagon-Embedded Cycloarylenes with Cylindrical Shapes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:9106-9110. [PMID: 28608471 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cylinder-shaped graphitic networks in carbon nanotubes have attracted interest from scientists in various disciplines. The chemical synthesis of segments thereof is considered as a challenging and appealing subject in chemistry, and deepens our understanding of curved and conjugated arrays of hexagons. We herein report the synthesis of cylinder-shaped molecules containing non-hexagon bridges in their conjugated systems. Multiple pentagon units were embedded in the cylinder-shaped discrete molecules, and the stereoisomerism originating from their helical carbon arrangements was studied. Structural analysis by NMR, UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction provided fundamental experimental information on the curved systems with conjugation across the pentagons. This study provides the first experimental guide for further explorations of anomalous non-hexagon arrays of graphitic carbon materials with cylindrical shapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunpei Hitosugi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Taisuke Matsuno
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Takashi Koretsune
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-098, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Arita
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-098, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
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36
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Thakellapalli H, Li S, Farajidizaji B, Baughman NN, Akhmedov NG, Popp BV, Wang KK. Synthesis and Properties of Conjugated Macrocycles Containing 2,7-Bis(2-thienyl)-9H-fluoren-9-one Units. Org Lett 2017; 19:2674-2677. [PMID: 28492330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haresh Thakellapalli
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Shuangjiang Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Behzad Farajidizaji
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Notashia N. Baughman
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Novruz G. Akhmedov
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Brian V. Popp
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
| | - Kung K. Wang
- C. Eugene Bennett Department
of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506-6045, United States
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37
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Nishigaki S, Fukui M, Sugiyama H, Uekusa H, Kawauchi S, Shibata Y, Tanaka K. Synthesis, Structures, and Photophysical Properties of Alternating Donor–Acceptor Cycloparaphenylenes. Chemistry 2017; 23:7227-7231. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Nishigaki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Miho Fukui
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
| | - Haruki Sugiyama
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Hidehiro Uekusa
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan
| | - Susumu Kawauchi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Yu Shibata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
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38
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Kayahara E, Zhai X, Yamago S. Synthesis and physical properties of [4]cyclo-3,7-dibenzo[b,d]thiophene and its S,S-dioxide. CAN J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2016-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic tetramers of 3,7-dibenzo[b,d]thiophene (DBT) and 3,7-dibenzo[b,d]thiophene-5,5-dioxide (DBTO), i.e., [4]cyclo-DBT ([4]CDBT) and [4]cyclo-DBTO ([4]CDBTO), respectively, are synthesized by the platinum-mediated assembly of bis-metallated DBT and DBTO and the subsequent reductive elimination of platinum. This is the first example of the synthesis of sulfur-containing cycloparaphenylene (CPP) derivatives. The structure of [4]CDBTO is unambiguously determined by the single crystal X-ray analysis. Theoretical and experimental analyses of their physical properties reveal the effect of the sulfur atom and sulfonyl group at the periphery of biphenyl units of the CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Xue Zhai
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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39
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Sun Z, Miyamoto N, Sato S, Tokuyama H, Isobe H. An Obtuse-angled Corner Unit for Fluctuating Carbon Nanohoops. Chem Asian J 2016; 12:271-275. [PMID: 27897398 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201601614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The invention of corner units was the key factor that allowed the synthesis of cyclo-para-phenylenes with strained curved π-systems. Despite only a few scarce instances of the development of corner units to date, a variety of structural congeners have been synthesized. These preceding corner units commonly possessed directing angles of ≤90°, which enabled the macrocyclization of multiple units, up to six. In this study, we introduce an obtuse-angled corner unit for the synthesis of cyclo-para-phenylene congeners. The corner unit with oxanorbornadiene possessed a directing angle of 126° and thus allowed for the macrocyclization of larger structures with up to seven units. Reductive aromatization was applicable to complete the cyclo-para-phenylene structures and afforded the congeners with multiple anthracenylene panels. Structural studies with experimental and theoretical methods revealed a fluctuating structure with an intrinsic non-belt shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Sun
- JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Naoya Miyamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Sota Sato
- JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.,Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Tokuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-3, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- JST, ERATO, Isobe Degenerate π-Integration Project, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.,Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
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40
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Okada K, Yagi A, Segawa Y, Itami K. Synthesis and properties of [8]-, [10]-, [12]-, and [16]cyclo-1,4-naphthylenes. Chem Sci 2016; 8:661-667. [PMID: 28451214 PMCID: PMC5297897 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04048a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and properties of various [n]cyclo-1,4-naphthylenes ([n]CNs, n = 8, 10, 12, and 16) are described. Initially, extended L-shaped units, which could be converted into quater- or quinquenaphthylenes were prepared. Nickel- or palladium-mediated couplings of these extended L-shaped units, followed by reductive aromatization of the coupling products afforded [8]-, [10]-, [12]-, and [16]CNs. The size-dependent photophysical properties of these CNs were confirmed by measuring their UV-vis absorption and fluorescence spectra. The theoretical studies supported substantial effects of the number of naphthalene rings on the structural and photophysical properties of these CNs. A kinetic study on the thermal conversion of the Cs-symmetric conformer of [10]CN into its most stable D5d-symmetric conformer indicated that ring strain affects the rotation barrier of the naphthalene rings in [10]CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keishu Okada
- Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan . ;
| | - Akiko Yagi
- Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan . ;
| | - Yasutomo Segawa
- Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan . ; .,JST , ERATO , Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project , Nagoya University , Japan
| | - Kenichiro Itami
- Graduate School of Science , Nagoya University , Chikusa , Nagoya 464-8602 , Japan . ; .,JST , ERATO , Itami Molecular Nanocarbon Project , Nagoya University , Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) , Nagoya University , Japan
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41
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Kayahara E, Fukayama K, Nishinaga T, Yamago S. Size Dependence of [n]Cycloparaphenylenes (n=5-12) in Electrochemical Oxidation. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:1793-7. [PMID: 27137132 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation processes of [n]cycloparaphenylenes ([n]CPPs) (n=5-12) were systematically investigated by cyclic and rotating disk electrode voltammetry. All CPPs underwent pseudo-reversible two-electron oxidation irrespective of ring size, forming the corresponding radical cations and then dications. The results were in sharp contrast to those observed for linear oligoparaphenylenes, which only undergo one-electron oxidation. The difference in the first and second oxidation potentials in the CPP oxidation was affected by the ring size and became more significant as the decrease of CPP size. In other words, while the first oxidation from neutral CPP to the radical cation occurred faster as the size of CPP becomes smaller, the second oxidation from the radical cation to dication exhibited opposite size dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611 0011, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Fukayama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611 0011, Japan
| | - Tohru Nishinaga
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 611 0011, Japan. .,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Tokyo, Japan.
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42
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Kuroda Y, Sakamoto Y, Suzuki T, Kayahara E, Yamago S. Tetracyclo(2,7-carbazole)s: Diatropicity and Paratropicity of Inner Regions of Nanohoops. J Org Chem 2016; 81:3356-63. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Kuroda
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Youichi Sakamoto
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Toshiyasu Suzuki
- Institute for Molecular Science, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8787, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
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43
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Kayahara E, Kouyama T, Kato T, Yamago S. Synthesis and Characterization of [n]CPP (n = 5, 6, 8, 10, and 12) Radical Cation and Dications: Size-Dependent Absorption, Spin, and Charge Delocalization. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 138:338-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b10855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Kayahara
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
- Core
Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
| | - Takahiko Kouyama
- Graduate
School of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuhisa Kato
- Graduate
School of Human and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Institute
for Liberal Arts and Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamago
- Institute
for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
- Core
Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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44
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Liu YY, Lin JY, Bo YF, Xie LH, Yi MD, Zhang XW, Zhang HM, Loh TP, Huang W. Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Highly Strained [4]Cyclofluorene: Green-Emitting Fluorophore. Org Lett 2015; 18:172-5. [PMID: 26695881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5b03038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[4]Cyclo-9,9-dipropyl-2,7-fluorene ([4]CF) with the strain energy of 79.8 kcal/mol is synthesized in high quantum yield. Impressively, hoop-shaped [4]CF exhibits a green fluorescence emission around 512 nm offering a new explanation for the green band (g-band) in polyfluorenes. The solution-processed [4]CF-based organic light emitting diode (OLED) has also been fabricated with the a stronger green band emission. Strained semiconductors offer a promising approach to fabricating multifunctional optoelectronic materials in organic electronics and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jin-Yi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yi-Fan Bo
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ling-Hai Xie
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ming-Dong Yi
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xin-Wen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hong-Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University , Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China.,Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech) , 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
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