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Brenjo L, Oklješa A, Tomšič M, Barta Holló B, Nešić J, Tóth E, Podlipnik Č. Polymethylenetetrazole: Synthesis, Characterization, and Energetic Properties. Molecules 2024; 29:3389. [PMID: 39064967 PMCID: PMC11280064 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The tetrazole moiety remains one of the most interesting scaffolds in the development of new high-energy density materials (HEDMs) because of its desired characteristics, such as high nitrogen content and heat of formation (HOF). The combination of several heterocycles with high HOF seems to be a promising strategy for obtaining energetic materials with superior properties. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of a tetrazole polymer, polymethylenetetrazole (PMT), as a potential HEDM. The compound was characterized using NMR, IR, and Raman spectroscopy. Its weight average molecular mass was obtained by static light scattering (SLS), and its physical properties by powder XRD analysis. The density, sensitivity to friction (FS), and impact (IS) of the compound were determined as well. The results of the thermal and energetic properties of PMT suggest that this polymer could be an insensitive explosive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ljubica Brenjo
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.O.); (B.B.H.); (E.T.)
| | - Aleksandar Oklješa
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.O.); (B.B.H.); (E.T.)
| | - Matija Tomšič
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Berta Barta Holló
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.O.); (B.B.H.); (E.T.)
| | - Jovica Nešić
- Military Technical Institute (VTI), Ratka Resanovića 1, 11132 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Elvira Tóth
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (A.O.); (B.B.H.); (E.T.)
| | - Črtomir Podlipnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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El-Malla SF, Mansour FR, Elbastawissy ABB, Elagamy SH. Development of a stability indicating high-performance liquid chromatography method for determination of cenobamate: study of basic degradation kinetics. BMC Chem 2024; 18:74. [PMID: 38615027 PMCID: PMC11016219 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
This study presents a stability indicating high-performance liquid chromatography HPLC method for the determination of cenobamate (CNB) in presence of its main impurity (CNB H-impurity) and degradation products. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a Thermo BDS Hypersil-C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm; 5 μm) with a mobile phase consisting of a 50:50 (%v/v) ratio of methanol and purified water. The flow rate was maintained at 1.0 mL. min- 1. CNB was detected at 210 nm using a PDA detector. The column temperature was held at 40 °C.The retention time of the drug was found to be 3.2 min. Furthermore, the study investigates the degradation behavior of CNB under various stress conditions, including acidic, basic, oxidative, and light-induced degradation. The results indicate that CNB is particularly susceptible to basic degradation. Consequently, a comprehensive study of the basic degradation kinetics was conducted. The method was also successfully applied for the determination of CNB in its dosage form. The results also show that there is no co-elution from degradation products or excipients as indicated by the mass balance and peak purity values confirming the specificity of the proposed method and its applicability for routine analysis of CNB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah F El-Malla
- Department of pharmaceutical analytical chemistry, Faculty of pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Fotouh R Mansour
- Department of pharmaceutical analytical chemistry, Faculty of pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Samar H Elagamy
- Department of pharmaceutical analytical chemistry, Faculty of pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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Devi R, Sharma K, Ghule VD, Dharavath S. Bistriazolotriazole-tetramine: commendable energetic moiety and cation. J Mol Model 2024; 30:98. [PMID: 38461222 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-05892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Various 7H,7'H-[6,6'-bi[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazole]-3,3',7,7'-tetramine (A) based nitrogen-rich energetic salts were designed and their properties explored. All energetic salts possess relatively high nitrogen content (> 48%), positive heats of formation (> 429 kJ/mol) and stability owing to a significant contribution from fused backbone. The cationic component shows a very high heat of formation (2516 kJ/mol); therefore, it is highly suitable for enthalpy enhancement in new energetic salts. The cation was paired with the energetic anions nitrate (NO3-), perchlorate (ClO4-), dinitromethanide (CH(NO2)2-), trinitromethanide (C(NO2)3-), nitroamide (NHNO2-), and dinitroamide (N(NO2)2-) to improve oxygen balance and detonation performance. Designed salts show moderate detonation velocities (7.9-8.7 km/s) and pressures (23.8 - 33.1 GPa). The distribution of frontier molecular orbitals, molecular electrostatic surface potentials, QTAIM topological properties, and noncovalent interactions of designed salts were simulated to understand the electronic structures, charge distribution in molecules, hydrogen bonding, and other nonbond interactions. The predicted safety factor (SF) and impact sensitivity (H50) of designed salts suggest their insensitivity to mechanical stimuli. This work explored the 7H,7'H-[6,6'-bi[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazole]-3,3',7,7'-tetramine as a suitable cationic component which could be promising and serve exemplarily in energetic materials. METHODS The optimization and energy calculations of all the designed compounds were carried out at the B3LYP/6-311 + + G(d,p) and M06-2X/def2-TZVPP levels, utilizing the Gaussian software package. The molecular surface electrostatic potential, quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), reduced density gradient (RDG), and noncovalent interaction (NCI) analysis were performed by employing Multiwfn software. The EXPLO5 (v 7.01) thermochemical code and PILEM web application were used to predict the detonation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimpi Devi
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Kalpana Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Vikas D Ghule
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India.
| | - Srinivas Dharavath
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Khakimov DV, Fershtat LL, Pivina TS. Substituted tetrazoles with N-oxide moiety: critical assessment of thermochemical properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:32071-32077. [PMID: 37982240 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05144g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Modeling of the structure of molecules and simulation of crystal structure followed by the calculation of the enthalpies of formation for 21 salts of three high-energy tetrazole 1N-oxides: 5-nitro-1-hydroxy-1H-tetrazole 1a-1g, 5-trinitromethyl-1-hydroxy-1H-tetrazole 2a-2g and 6-amino-3-(1-hydroxy-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine 1,5-dioxide 3a-3g was performed. The methods of quantum chemistry and the method of atom-atom potentials were used. Structural search for optimal crystal packings was carried out in 11 most common space symmetry groups. The enthalpies of formation were obtained and analyzed using two different approaches: VBT and MICCM methods, which allowed to evaluate the quality of these calculation methods. In addition, the results obtained indicate high values of thermochemical characteristics for some of the considered compounds, which have a positive effect on their explosive properties and unveil their future application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Khakimov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp., 47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Leonid L Fershtat
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp., 47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Myasnitskaya str., 20, Moscow 101000, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana S Pivina
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prosp., 47, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
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Chen B, Lu H, Chen J, Chen Z, Yin SF, Peng L, Qiu R. Recent Progress on Nitrogen-Rich Energetic Materials Based on Tetrazole Skeleton. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2023; 381:25. [PMID: 37610550 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-023-00435-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Development of nitrogen-rich energetic materials has gained much attention because of their remarkable properties including large nitrogen content and energy density, good thermal stability, low sensitivity, good energetic performance, environmental friendliness and so on. Tetrazole has the highest nitrogen and highest energy contents among the stable azoles. The incorporation of diverse explosophoric groups or substituents into the tetrazole skeleton is beneficial to obtain high-nitrogen energetic materials having excellent energetic performance and suitable sensitivity. In this review, the development of high-nitrogen energetic materials based on tetrazole skeleton is highlighted. Initially, the property and utilization of nitrogen-rich energetic materials are presented. After showing the advantage of the tetrazole skeleton, the high-nitrogen energetic materials based on tetrazole are classified and introduced in detail. Based on different types of energetic materials (EMs), the synthesis and properties of nitrogen-rich energetic materials based on mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-tetrazole are summarized in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihai Chen
- Hunan Nanling Industry Explosive Material Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410013, China.
| | - Han Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zhaoxu Chen
- Hunan Nanling Industry Explosive Material Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Shuang-Feng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
- College of Science, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Lifen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Functional Application of Fine Polymers, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, 411201, Hunan, China.
| | - Renhua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Advanced Catalytic Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
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6
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Maan A, Ghule VD, Dharavath S. Computational Manifestation of Nitro-Substituted Tris(triazole): Understanding the Impact of Isomerism on Performance-Stability Parameters. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:6467-6475. [PMID: 37500610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) methods were used to design a series of energetic dinitro-tris(triazole) isomers by altering the triazole rings and -NO2 groups. The impact of three nitrogen atoms' position in the tris(triazole) scaffold on energy content, performance, and stability was discussed. Based on computed heats of formation and densities, the detonation properties were predicted using the thermochemical EXPLO5 (v6.06) code. Using the bond dissociation energy of the longest C-NO2 bond, the thermal stability was investigated. The mechanical sensitivities were estimated and correlated with RDX and HMX using maximum heats of detonation (Q), free void (ΔV) in the lattice of the crystalline compound, and total -NO2 group charge. Among the designed series, compounds O4, R1, R3, and R4 display high heats of formation (>450 kJ/mol), high densities (>1.92 g/cm3), good detonation performances (D > 8.76 km/s and P > 32.0 GPa), and low sensitivities. Our findings suggest that the isomeric tricyclic triazole backbone could be a promising platform for developing new high-performing and thermostable energy materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Maan
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Vikas D Ghule
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra, Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Srinivas Dharavath
- Energetic Materials Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India
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7
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Functionalized fused triazole-triazine: Novel multi-nitro compounds with various energetic functionalities. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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8
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Three new energetic coordination polymers based on nitrogen-rich heterocyclic ligand for thermal catalysis of ammonium perchlorate. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Bystrov DM, Pivkina AN, Fershtat LL. An Alliance of Polynitrogen Heterocycles: Novel Energetic Tetrazinedioxide-Hydroxytetrazole-Based Materials. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27185891. [PMID: 36144627 PMCID: PMC9505947 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Energetic materials constitute one of the most important subtypes of functional materials used for various applications. A promising approach for the construction of novel thermally stable high-energy materials is based on an assembly of polynitrogen biheterocyclic scaffolds. Herein, we report on the design and synthesis of a new series of high-nitrogen energetic salts comprising the C-C linked 6-aminotetrazinedioxide and hydroxytetrazole frameworks. Synthesized materials were thoroughly characterized by IR and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. As a result of a vast amount of the formed intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds, prepared ammonium and amino-1,2,4-triazolium salts are thermally stable and have good densities of 1.75–1.78 g·cm−3. All synthesized compounds show high detonation performance, reaching that of benchmark RDX. At the same time, as compared to RDX, investigated salts are less friction sensitive due to the formed net of hydrogen bonds. Overall, reported functional materials represent a novel perspective subclass of secondary explosives and unveil further opportunities for an assembly of biheterocyclic next-generation energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry M. Bystrov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alla N. Pivkina
- N. N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Kosygin Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid L. Fershtat
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences 47 Leninsky Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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10
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Nitrogen-rich polycyclic pentazolate salts as promising energetic materials: theoretical investigating. J Mol Model 2022; 28:299. [PMID: 36066673 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Pentazolate (cyclo-N5-) salts are nitrogen-rich compounds with great development potential as energetic materials due to their full nitrogen anion. However, the densities of available N5- salts are generally low, which seriously lowers their performances. It is necessary to screen out cyclo-N5- salts with high density. To this end, eight new non-metallic cyclo-N5- salts based on fused heterocycle were designed. -NH2, -NO2, and -O- groups were introduced into the compounds to adjust and improve the detonation performance and impact sensitivity of cyclo-N5- salts. By theoretical calculations and Hirshfeld surface analyses, the densities, heats of formation, detonation performance, sensitivities, and crystal structures of the title compounds were predicted, and the contribution of hydrogen bond as well as π-π stacking to the stability of cyclo-N5- salt was revealed. The results indicate that the densities of title compounds are higher than 1.85 g cm‒3, and the sensitivities of these compounds are predicted to be lower than that of HMX. The detonation properties of a (D = 9.47 km s-1, P = 41.21 GPa) and d (D = 9.44 km s-1, P = 40.26 GPa) are better than those of HMX. These mean that using fused ring as a cation and introducing proper substituents are an effective method to improve cyclo-N5- salt's density and balance the detonation performance and sensitivity.
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11
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Kofen M, Lommel M, Wurzenberger MHH, Klapötke TM, Stierstorfer J. 1-(Azidomethyl)-5H-Tetrazole: A Powerful New Ligand for Highly Energetic Coordination Compounds. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200492. [PMID: 35502815 PMCID: PMC9400890 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Highly energetic 1-(azidomethyl)-5H-tetrazole (AzMT, 3) has been synthesized and characterized. This completes the series of 1-(azidoalkyl)-5H-tetrazoles represented by 1-(azidoethyl)-5H-tetrazole (AET) and 1-(azidopropyl)-5H-tetrazole (APT). AzMT was thoroughly analyzed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and multinuclear (1 H, 13 C, 14 N, 15 N) NMR measurements. Several energetic coordination compounds (ECCs) of 3d metals (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn) and silver in combination with anions such as (per)chlorate, mono- and dihydroxy-trinitrophenolate were prepared, giving insight into the coordination behavior of AzMT as a ligand. The synthesized ECCs were also analyzed by X-ray diffraction experiments, elemental analysis, and IR spectroscopy. Differential thermal analysis for all compounds was conducted, and the sensitivity towards external stimuli (impact, friction, and ESD) was measured. Due to the high enthalpy of formation of AzMT (+654.5 kJ mol-1 ), some of the resulting coordination compounds are extremely sensitive, yet are able to undergo deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) and initiate pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). Therefore, they are to be ranked as primary explosives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Kofen
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcus Lommel
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian H H Wurzenberger
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas M Klapötke
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Jörg Stierstorfer
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Butenandtstrasse 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
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Wang D, Guo X, Wang Z, Wang S, Wu C, Zhao W, Fang H. On the Promotion of TKX‐50 Thermal Activity with Aluminum. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology 100081 Beijing China
| | - Xueyong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology 100081 Beijing China
| | - Zhenghong Wang
- Liaoning Qingyang Special Chemical Co., Ltd Liaoyang China
| | - Shuji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology 100081 Beijing China
| | - Chengcheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology 100081 Beijing China
| | - Wanjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology 100081 Beijing China
| | - Hua Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology 100081 Beijing China
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13
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Zhang R, Xu X, Ma P, Ma C, Zhai D, Pan Y, Jiang J. High-energy materials based on 1H-tetrazole and furoxan: Molecular design and screening. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Cho H, Kim Y, Lee S, Kwon K, Yoo HW, Moon HR, Choe W. Modulating Energetic Characteristics of Multicomponent 1D Coordination Polymers: Interplay of Metal-Ligand Coordination Modes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:1881-1887. [PMID: 35025496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The energetic properties of multicomponent explosive materials can be altered for high detonation capabilities and minimized safety risk by changing their building components. We synthesized energetic coordination polymers (ECPs) using a 5,5'-bis(tetrazole)-1,1'-diolate linker and a N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) solvent, together with Cu and Mn metal cations. The new compounds, ECP-1 and ECP-2, contain two different types of 1D chain structures, straight and helical. We have conducted comprehensive studies on these ECP structures, energetic properties, and sensitivity and found excellent insensitivity owing to the long chain-to-chain distances created by the DMA solvent molecules. The results indicate that the metals as well as solvents used are crucial components influencing both the structure and energetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonsoo Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongjin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Soochan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuktae Kwon
- The 1st R&D Institute - 2nd Directorate, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Wook Yoo
- The 1st R&D Institute - 2nd Directorate, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoi Ri Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyoung Choe
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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15
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Liu Y, Gong L, Yi X, He P, Zhang J. Tunable 1,2,3-triazole- N-oxides towards high energy density materials: theoretical insight into structure–property correlations. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01002j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new family of energetic derivatives based on functionalized bridged 1,2,3-triazole-N-oxides was designed, and their properties as well as comprehensive correlations were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Lishan Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyi Yi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Piao He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
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16
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Cho S, Kim Y, Lee S, Cho H, Park J, Hwan Hong D, Kwon K, Yoo H, Choe W, Ri Moon H. Tetrazole‐Based Energetic Metal‐Organic Frameworks: Impacts of Metals and Ligands on Explosive Properties. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujee Cho
- Department of Chemistry Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongjin Kim
- Department of Chemistry Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Soochan Lee
- Department of Chemistry Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonsoo Cho
- Department of Chemistry Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghoon Park
- Department of Chemistry Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Hwan Hong
- Department of Chemistry Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Kuktae Kwon
- The 1th R&D Institute – 2nd Directorate Agency for Defense Development (ADD) Bugyuseong-daero 488beon-gil, Uichang-gu Daejeon 34186 Republic of Korea
| | - Hae‐Wook Yoo
- The 1th R&D Institute – 2nd Directorate Agency for Defense Development (ADD) Bugyuseong-daero 488beon-gil, Uichang-gu Daejeon 34186 Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyoung Choe
- Department of Chemistry Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Hoi Ri Moon
- Department of Chemistry Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
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17
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Recent Synthetic Efforts towards High Energy Density Materials: How to Design High-Performance Energetic Structures? FIREPHYSCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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18
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Design and properties of a new family of wing-like and propeller-like multi-tetrazole molecules as potential high-energy density compounds. J Mol Model 2021; 27:308. [PMID: 34596789 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04935-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) methods were employed to design a new family of wing-like and propeller-like multi-tetrazole molecules based on the combination of N-center multi-tetrazole and various energetic groups. The optimized geometry, electronic properties, and thermodynamics were calculated for investigating the molecular stability and chemical reactivity. Their energetic parameters including density, heats of formation, detonation properties, and impact sensitivity were extensively evaluated, and the effects of energetic groups were investigated as well. These newly designed wing-like and propeller-like multi-tetrazole molecules exhibit acceptable oxygen balance, moderate impact sensitivities, high density, excellent heats of formation, and good detonation performance. Especially, B3, B4, B5, and B6 are very helpful for enhancing their detonation performance (D ≥ 9500 m·s-1, P ≥ 41 GPa) are promising candidates for new environmentally friendly HEDMs.
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19
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Gratzke M, Cudziło S. Energetic Derivatives of Nitroguanidine – Synthesis and Properties. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202100092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Gratzke
- Department of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry Military University of Technology Kaliskiego 2 street 00-908 Warsaw Poland
| | - Stanisław Cudziło
- Department of Advanced Technologies and Chemistry Military University of Technology Kaliskiego 2 street 00-908 Warsaw Poland
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20
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Manzoor S, Yin X, Tariq QUN, Yang JQ, Zhang JG, Zhang Q, Chen D. Synthesis and properties of transition metal coordination energetic materials based on a versatile and multifunctional 1-Aminotetrazol-5-one ligand. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Liu Y, He P, Gong L, Mo X, Zhang J. Design of functionalized bridged 1,2,4-triazole N-oxides as high energy density materials and their comprehensive correlations. RSC Adv 2021; 11:27420-27430. [PMID: 35480652 PMCID: PMC9037789 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05344b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for high energy density materials (HEDMs) remains a major challenge. Density functional theory (DFT) methods were employed to design a new family of bridged 1,2,4-triazole N-oxides by the manipulation of the linkage and oxygen-containing groups. The optimized geometry, electronic properties, energetic properties and sensitivities of new 40 molecules in this study were extensively evaluated. These designed compounds exhibit high densities (1.87-1.98 g cm-3), condensed-phase heat of formation values (457.31-986.40 kJ mol-1), impressive values for detonation velocity (9.28-9.49 km s-1) and detonation pressure (21.22-41.31 GPa). Their sensitivities (impact, electrostatic, and shock) were calculated and compared with 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TABT) and 4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan (DNBF). Some new compounds 4,4'-trinitro-5,5'-bridged-bis-1,2,4-triazole-2,2'-diol (TN1-TN8) and 4,4'-dinitro-5,5'-ammonia-bis-1,2,4-triazole-2,2'-diol (DN3) were distinguished from this system, making them promising candidates for HEDMs. In addition, we found that the gas-relative parameters (detonation heat, oxygen balance, φ) were as important as the density, which were highly correlated to the detonation properties (P, D). Their comprehensive correlations should also be considered in the design of new energetic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 Hunan P. R. China
| | - Piao He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 Hunan P. R. China
| | - Lishan Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 Hunan P. R. China
| | - Xiufang Mo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University Changsha 410083 Hunan P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
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22
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Nasrollahzadeh M, Nezafat Z, Bidgoli NSS, Shafiei N. Use of tetrazoles in catalysis and energetic applications: Recent developments. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Du Y, Qu Z, Wang H, Cui H, Wang X. Review on the Synthesis and Performance for 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole‐Based Energetic Materials. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202000318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Du
- High-Tech Institute of Xi'an Xi'an Shaanxi 710025 China
| | - Zhongkai Qu
- High-Tech Institute of Xi'an Xi'an Shaanxi 710025 China
| | - Huanchun Wang
- High-Tech Institute of Xi'an Xi'an Shaanxi 710025 China
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Energy Technology School of Materials Science & Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an Shaanxi 710119 China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Special Fuel Chemistry and Material Xi'an Shaanxi 710025 China
| | - Hu Cui
- High-Tech Institute of Xi'an Xi'an Shaanxi 710025 China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Special Fuel Chemistry and Material Xi'an Shaanxi 710025 China
| | - Xuanjun Wang
- High-Tech Institute of Xi'an Xi'an Shaanxi 710025 China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Special Fuel Chemistry and Material Xi'an Shaanxi 710025 China
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24
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Ha H, Kim B, Kwon K, Kim SH, Cho C. Synthesis of TKX‐50 via 2‐Methoxyisopropyl‐Protected Diazidoglyoxime as an Insensitive Intermediate. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heun‐Jong Ha
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center Kyungpook National University Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center Kyungpook National University Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Kuktae Kwon
- The 4th R&D Institute – 2nd Directorate Agency for Defense Development Daejeon 34186 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Kim
- The 4th R&D Institute – 2nd Directorate Agency for Defense Development Daejeon 34186 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang‐Woo Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center Kyungpook National University Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
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25
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Wang M, Wang Z, Wang B, Zhang J, Zhang J. Synthesis and properties of novel nitrogen- and oxygen-enriched dicationic 3,4-diaminotriazolium salts as attractive energetic materials. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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26
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Theoretical study of effects of introducing varying linkages into bis-triazoles on energetic performance. J Mol Model 2021; 27:24. [PMID: 33411063 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel bis-triazole compounds was designed by combining high-energy functionalities (nitro and nitramino groups) as substituents with each triazole and incorporating of varying linkages into the bis-triazoles. Then, their heats of formation (HOFs), energetic properties, HOMO-LUMO, electrostatic potential, and impact sensitivity were studied theoretically to facilitate further developments. In general, all the designed compounds possess much higher HOFs than RDX, -CH2-CH2-, -N=N-, or -NH-NH- linkages contribute to increase the HOFs, while incorporation of the bridge group -O-CH2-CH2-O- shows negative effect on HOFs. Detonation properties of most of the designed compounds can be comparable with or even better than ones of RDX, suggesting that designing the bridged bis-triazoles-based derivatives with energy-rich substituents is an efficient method to obtain potential energetic compounds. Considering the detonation performance and impact sensitivity, -NH-(I), -N=N- (V), and -NH-NH- (VI) are favorable bridged groups between energetic moieties for designing efficient energetic materials (EMs).
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27
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Wang S, Li C, Lu T, Wang G, Yin H, Ma Q, Fan G, Chen FX. Fused triazolotriazine bearing a gem-dinitro group: a promising high energy density material. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01051d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Improving the density and detonation velocity, and reducing the sensitivity by introducing the fluorodinitromethyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqing Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus)
- No. 8 Liangxiang east road
- Fangshan district
- Beijing 102488
| | - Congcong Li
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus)
- No. 8 Liangxiang east road
- Fangshan district
- Beijing 102488
| | - Tian Lu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus)
- No. 8 Liangxiang east road
- Fangshan district
- Beijing 102488
| | - Guilong Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus)
- No. 8 Liangxiang east road
- Fangshan district
- Beijing 102488
| | - Hongquan Yin
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus)
- No. 8 Liangxiang east road
- Fangshan district
- Beijing 102488
| | - Qing Ma
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- CAEP
- Mianyang 621050
- China
| | - Guijuan Fan
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- CAEP
- Mianyang 621050
- China
| | - Fu-Xue Chen
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus)
- No. 8 Liangxiang east road
- Fangshan district
- Beijing 102488
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28
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Feng Z, Zhang Y, Li Y, Xu K. Adjacent N→O and C–NH 2 groups — a highly efficient amphoteric structure for energetic materials resulting from tautomerization proved by crystal engineering. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01427c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adjacent N→O and C–NH2 groups (O←NC–NH2) were found to be a highly efficient and fairly balanced amphoteric energetic structure for energetic materials by crystal engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicun Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering & Integrated Military-Civilian Innovation Center for Energetic Materials
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Integrated Military-Civilian Innovation Center for Energetic Materials
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
| | - Yanan Li
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute
- Xi'an 710065
- China
| | - Kangzhen Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering & Integrated Military-Civilian Innovation Center for Energetic Materials
- Northwest University
- Xi'an 710069
- China
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29
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Lang Q, Wang Q, Lin Q, Xu Y, Lu M. C 5H 2N 14O 6: achieving azido-based materials with zero oxygen balance and good energetic performance. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj04188f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Through introducing nitro groups, a high-nitrogen–oxygen compound (4) was prepared. The OBco of compound 4 was improved to the value of zero, and it also exhibits good detonation performance (9018 m s−1 and 34.5 GPa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuhan Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuangang Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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30
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Hao W, Huang T, Jin B, Zhang J, Shen J, Peng R. Rare-earth, nitrogen-rich, oxygen heterocyclic supramolecular compounds (Nd, Sm, and Eu): Synthesis, structure, and catalysis for ammonium perchlorate. J RARE EARTH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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31
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Zhai L, Zhang J, Wu M, Huo H, Bi F, Wang B. Balancing good oxygen balance and high heat of formation by incorporating of -C(NO2)2F Moiety and Tetrazole into Furoxan block. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Kang XM, Tang MH, Yang GL, Zhao B. Cluster/cage-based coordination polymers with tetrazole derivatives. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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33
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High energy density materials based on fluorinated bridged trinitromethyl azo triazole derivatives: a quantum chemical study of thermodynamic and energetic properties. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03670-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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34
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Zhang J, Zhou J, Bi F, Wang B. Energetic materials based on poly furazan and furoxan structures. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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35
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Ma J, Zhang J, Imler GH, Parrish DA, Shreeve JM. gem-Dinitromethyl-Functionalized 5-Amino-1,3,4-oxadiazolate Derivatives: Alternate Route, Characterization, and Property Analysis. Org Lett 2020; 22:4771-4775. [PMID: 32515978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new, safer, and more cost-effective methodology to synthesize salts based on gem-dinitromethyl-functionalized 5-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazolate is given. Cyclization, deprotection, nitration, and neutralization reactions were conducted to obtain products in high yield. All compounds were fully characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Crystal structure analysis, property tests, and theoretical calculations confirm good detonation performance and high mechanical stabilities of the salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States.,Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Biomaterials Research Center, Zhuhai 519003, China
| | - Jiaheng Zhang
- Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Biomaterials Research Center, Zhuhai 519003, China.,Research Centre of Flexible Printed Electronic Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Gregory H Imler
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Damon A Parrish
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Jean'ne M Shreeve
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
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36
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Zhai L, Bi F, Zhang J, Zhang J, Li X, Wang B, Chen S. 3,4-Bis(3-tetrazolylfuroxan-4-yl)furoxan: A Linear C-C Bonded Pentaheterocyclic Energetic Material with High Heat of Formation and Superior Performance. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:11115-11122. [PMID: 32455233 PMCID: PMC7241007 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The design and preparation of new nitrogen-rich heterocyclic compounds are of considerable significance for the development of high-performing energetic materials. By combining nitrogen-rich tetrazole and oxygen-rich furoxan, a linear C-C bonded pentaheterocyclic energetic compound, 3,4-bis(3-tetrazolylfuroxan-4-yl) furoxan (BTTFO), was synthesized using a facile and straightforward method. Comprehensive X-ray analysis reveals the key role of hydrogen bonds, π-π interactions, and short contacts in the formation of dense packing of BTTFO and explains why a long chain-shaped molecule has a high density. This multicyclic structure incorporating three furoxan and two tetrazole moieties results in an exceptionally high heat of formation (1290.8 kJ mol-1) and favorable calculated detonation performances (v D, 8621 m s-1, P, 31.5 GPa). The interesting structure and fascinating properties demonstrated the feasibility of a linear multicyclic approach as a high-energy-density skeleton. Additionally, the thermodynamic parameters, electrostatic potential (ESP), and frontier molecular orbitals were also studied to get a better understanding of structure-property correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjie Zhai
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest
University, Xi’an 710127, China
| | - Fuqiang Bi
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Junlin Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Jiarong Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Xiangzhi Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Bozhou Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi’an 710065, China
| | - Sanping Chen
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest
University, Xi’an 710127, China
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37
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Xu X, Chen D, Li H, Yan M, Xiong Y, Zhao H, Xu R. Crystal structure evolution of an energetic compound dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate induced by solvents. RSC Adv 2020; 10:11939-11944. [PMID: 35496585 PMCID: PMC9050641 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01182g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, energetic ionic salts have become a research hotspot due to their attractive properties, such as high density, high heat of formation, and environmental friendliness. Dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) is a typical nitrogen-rich energetic ionic salt, which has broad application prospects. However, the research on the stability and crystal structure evolution of TKX-50 in different solvent systems is insufficient. Herein, we investigated the crystal structure transformations and searched for new solid forms of TKX-50 under different conditions via a solvent induction method. The phase composition of all screened samples was analyzed by powder or single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Three new solid forms of [NH2(CH3)2+][BTO−], [NH2(CH3CH2)2+]2[BTO2−], [NHOH(CH3CCH3)+][BTO−] H2O were obtained from DMAC, DEF and AC/MT, respectively. Furthermore, the energetic properties were evaluated through EXPLO5. Three new solvent compounds obtained by dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate recrystallized from three solvents.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang
- China
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering
| | - Dong Chen
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang
- China
| | - Hongzhen Li
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang
- China
| | - Mi Yan
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang
- China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang
- China
| | - Haixia Zhao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering
- North University of China
- Taiyuan
- China
| | - Rong Xu
- Institute of Chemical Materials
- China Academy of Engineering Physics
- Mianyang
- China
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38
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39
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Balachandar KG, Thangamani A. Design of new energetic materials based on derivatives of 1,3,5-trinitrobenzenes: A theoretical and computational prediction of detonation properties, blast impulse and combustion parameters. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03163. [PMID: 31934653 PMCID: PMC6951092 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the design of some of the new ionic based high energy materials derived from the anion of picric acid (2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1-ol), styphnic acid (2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3-diol) and 2,4,6-trinitrophloroglucinol (2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-1,3,5-triol) and cation derived from the key synthon molecules such as 5-trifluoromethyl-1H-tetrazole, 5-dinitromethyl-1H-tetrazole and 5-azido-1H–tetrazole-1-carbonitrile. The detonation properties of these newly proposed compounds are predicted by using software such as EXPLO-5, EXTEC and LOTUSES and Keshvarz method. Moreover, other explosive parameters such as density, gurney velocity, and oxygen balance and decomposition products of the newly designed molecules have also been predicted and reported for the first time in this manuscript. The predicted detonation parameters of some of the newly designed compounds exhibit higher velocity of detonation (VOD) and detonation pressure in comparison to other well-known benchmark explosives such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX). Further, the peak over pressure (POP) and the blast impulse parameters of the newly designed compounds are predicted by using Shock physics explicit eulerian dynamics (SPEED) software, and the same is reported for the first time in this work. The work also reports the theoretical prediction of impact and electrostatic spark sensitivity parameters for the newly designed molecules. The ballistic performance parameters of the newly designed ionic energetic materials are also predicted by incorporating them into model composite rocket propellant formulations. The predicted ballistic parameters indicate that the proposed materials may find an application in the propellant formulation as an energetic additive.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arumugam Thangamani
- Department of Chemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641 021, India
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40
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Zhai L, Bi F, Huo H, Luo Y, Li X, Chen S, Wang B. The Ingenious Synthesis of a Nitro-Free Insensitive High-Energy Material Featuring Face-to-Face and Edge-to-Face π-Interactions. Front Chem 2019; 7:559. [PMID: 31448264 PMCID: PMC6692488 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Density, detonation property, and sensitivity may be the most valued features when evaluating an energetic material. By reasoning structure–property relationships, a nitro-free planar energetic material with high nitrogen and oxygen content, 7-hydroxy-difurazano[3,4-b:3′,4′-f]furoxano[3″,4″-d]azepine (4), was synthesized using a unique and facile approach. The structure was fully characterized by IR and NMR spectra, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The expected properties of 4, including a high density of 1.92 g cm−3, high detonation velocity of 8,875 m s−1, and low mechanical sensitivities (impact sensitivity, 21 J and friction sensitivity, >360 N), confirm our strategy. Interestingly, the single-crystal structures of 4 reveal expected face-to-face and edge-to-face π-interactions in the crystal stacking. The remarkable differences in crystal stacking of 4 provide unequivocal evidence that face-to-face π-π interactions contribute significantly to closer assembly and higher density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjie Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Fuqiang Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Huan Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Yifen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangzhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Sanping Chen
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bozhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
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41
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He P, Zhang J, Wu J. DFT studies on new family of high‐energy density energetic bis(trinitromethyl) azo tetrazoles and triazoles. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piao He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South University Changsha Hunan PR China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and TechnologyBeijing Institute of Technology Beijing PR China
| | - Jinting Wu
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthwest University of Science and Technology Mianyang Sichuan PR China
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42
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Jia J, Xu J, Cao X, Li S, Huang S, Liu Y, Li J. Stability of Dihydroxylammonium 5,5’‐Bistetrazole‐1,1’‐Diolate (TKX‐50) in Solvents. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201800379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Jia
- Institute of Chemical MaterialsChina Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) Mianyang 621900, Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjiang Xu
- Institute of Chemical MaterialsChina Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) Mianyang 621900, Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Xiong Cao
- North University of China Taiyuan 030051, Shanxi People's Republic of China
| | - Shichun Li
- Institute of Chemical MaterialsChina Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) Mianyang 621900, Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Shiliang Huang
- Institute of Chemical MaterialsChina Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) Mianyang 621900, Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute of Chemical MaterialsChina Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) Mianyang 621900, Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Jinshan Li
- Institute of Chemical MaterialsChina Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) Mianyang 621900, Sichuan People's Republic of China
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43
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Wang G, Fu Z, Yin H, Chen F. Synthesis and Properties [1,2,4]Triazolo[4,3‐b][1,2,4,5]Tetrazine
N
‐Oxide Explosives. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201900014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guilong Wang
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus) No. 8 Liangxiang east road, Fangshan district Beijing 102488 P.R. China
| | - Zhanda Fu
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus) No. 8 Liangxiang east road, Fangshan district Beijing 102488 P.R. China
- Department of ChemistryTangshan Normal University Tangshan 063000 P.R. China
| | - Hongquan Yin
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus) No. 8 Liangxiang east road, Fangshan district Beijing 102488 P.R. China
| | - Fu‐Xue Chen
- School of Chemistry & Chemical EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology (Liangxiang Campus) No. 8 Liangxiang east road, Fangshan district Beijing 102488 P.R. China
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44
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Zhai L, Bi F, Luo Y, Wang N, Zhang J, Wang B. New Strategy for Enhancing Energetic Properties by Regulating Trifuroxan Configuration: 3,4-Bis(3-nitrofuroxan-4-yl)furoxan. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4321. [PMID: 30867447 PMCID: PMC6416340 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39723-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is of current development to construct high-performance energetic compounds by aggregation of energetic groups with dense arrangement. In this study, a hydrogen-free high-density energetic 3,4-bis(3-nitrofuroxan-4-yl)furoxan (BNTFO-I) was designed and synthesized in a simple, and straightforward manner. Its isomer, 3,4-bis(4-nitrofuroxan-3-yl)furoxan (BNTFO-IV), was also obtained by isomerization. The structures of BNTFO-I and BNTFO-IV were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis for the first time. Surprisingly, BNTFO-I has a remarkable calculated crystal density of 1983 g cm-3 at 296 K, which is distinctly higher than BNTFO-IV (1.936 g cm-3, 296 K), and ranks highest among azole-based CNO compounds yet reported. It is noteworthy that BNTFO-I exhibits excellent calculated detonation properties (vD, 9867 m s-1, P, 45.0 GPa). The interesting configuration differences of BNTFO-I and BNTFO-IV provide insight into the design of new advanced energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjie Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Fuqiang Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Yifen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Naixing Wang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Junlin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, China
| | - Bozhou Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, China.
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45
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He P, Mei H, Yang J, Zhang J. Design and properties of a new family of bridged bis(nitraminotetrazoles) as promising energetic materials. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj05633a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new family of bridged bis(nitraminotetrazoles) on the basis of the combination of bistetrazoles and the energetic nitramino as well as various linkage groups was designed, and their properties were investigated in detail. Their good performance makes them promising candidates for new environmentally friendly energetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
| | - Haozheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- P. R. China
| | - Junqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- P. R. China
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46
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He P, Han J, Wu J, Mei H, Zhang J. Computational insight into a new family of functionalized tetrazole-N-oxides as high-energy density materials. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj04524d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A new family of energetic derivatives based on functionalized tetrazole-N-oxides was designed, and their properties were extensively investigated. The excellent performance makes them promising candidates for new environmentally friendly HEDMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
| | - Jingjie Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha 410083
- P. R. China
| | - Jinting Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Southwest University of Science and Technology
- Mianyang 621010
- P. R. China
| | - Haozheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- P. R. China
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47
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Theoretical design of novel energetic salts derived from bicyclo-HMX. J Mol Model 2018; 24:304. [PMID: 30280266 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3835-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We designed three novel cage energetic anions by introducing ionic bridges containing NΘ, N(OΘ) and N(NΘNO2) into cis-2,4,6,8-tetranitro-1H,5H-2,4,6,8- tetraazabicyclo[3.3.0] octane (bicyclo-HMX or BCMHX). The properties of 21 energetic salts, based on cage anions and ammonium-based cations, were studied by density functional theory (DFT) and volume-based thermodynamics (VBT) calculations. Compared to the parent nonionic BCHMX, most title salts have lower predicted impact sensitivities, higher predicted densities, larger predicted heats of formation (HOFs) and better predicted detonation properties. In particular, 11 energetic salts not only exhibit excellent predicted energetic properties, superior to 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20), but also have lower predicted sensitivity than CL-20. The best salt had a predicted detonation velocity of 10.06 km s-1, a predicted detonation pressure of 48.54 GPa and a predicted sensitivity (h50) of 23.99 cm. By introducing ionic bridges into highly nitrated rings, or modifying the original bridge with ionic bridges, some highly nitrated cage compounds with both excellent performance and low sensitivity can be developed strategically. Graphical abstract Heats of detonation, detonation velocities, and detonation pressures of salts derived from bicyclo-HMX.
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48
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Parvari G, Levi M, Preshel Zlatsin M, Panz L, Grinstein D, Gottlieb L, Denekamp C, Eichen Y. Proposed Proton-Transfer Mechanism for the Initial Decomposition Steps of BTATz. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:5789-5798. [PMID: 29894189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b12217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The first steps in the gas-phase decomposition mechanism of N3,N6-bis (1 H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-3,6-diamine, BTATz, anions and the kinetic isotope effects in these processes were studied using combined multistage mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and computational techniques. Two major fragmentation processes, the exergonic loss of nitrogen molecules and the endergonic loss of hydrazoic acid, were identified. The observation of a primary isotope effect supported by calculations suggests that the loss of a nitrogen molecule from the tetrazole ring involves proton migration, either to or within the terazole ring, as a rate-determining step. The fragmentation of a hydrazoic acid occurs through an asymmetrical retro-pericyclic reaction. Calculations show the relevance of these mechanisms to neutral BTATz. Our findings may contribute to the understanding of decomposition routes in these nitrogen-rich energetic materials and allow tailoring their reactivity and decomposition pathways for better control of performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galit Parvari
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City, Haifa 3200008 , Israel
| | - Moran Levi
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City, Haifa 3200008 , Israel
| | - Maya Preshel Zlatsin
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City, Haifa 3200008 , Israel
| | - Larisa Panz
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City, Haifa 3200008 , Israel
| | - Dan Grinstein
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City, Haifa 3200008 , Israel
| | - Levi Gottlieb
- RAFAEL, Advanced Defense Systems Limited , P.O. Box 2250, Haifa 3102101 , Israel
| | - Chagit Denekamp
- RAFAEL, Advanced Defense Systems Limited , P.O. Box 2250, Haifa 3102101 , Israel
| | - Yoav Eichen
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City, Haifa 3200008 , Israel
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49
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Xu Y, Lin Q, Wang P, Lu M. Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Properties of a Series of 3D Metal–Inorganic Frameworks Containing Pentazolate Anion. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:1669-1673. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuangang Xu
- School of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Qiuhan Lin
- School of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- School of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Chemical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing 210094 China
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50
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Dalinger IL, Kormanov AV, Suponitsky KY, Muravyev NV, Sheremetev AB. Pyrazole-Tetrazole Hybrid with Trinitromethyl, Fluorodinitromethyl, or (Difluoroamino)dinitromethyl Groups: High-Performance Energetic Materials. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:1165-1172. [PMID: 29457973 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
High-nitrogen-content compounds have attracted great scientific interest and technological importance because of their unique energy content, and they find diverse applications in many fields of science and technology. Understanding of structure-property relationship trends and how to modify them is of paramount importance for their further improvement. Herein, the installation of oxygen-rich modules, C(NO2 )3 , C(NO2 )2 F, or C(NO2 )2 NF2 , into an endothermic framework, that is, the combination of a nitropyrazole unit and tetrazole ring, is used as a way to design novel energetic compounds. Density, oxygen balance, and enthalpy of formation are enhanced by the presence of these oxygen-containing units. The structures of all compounds were confirmed by XRD. For crystal packing analysis, it is proposed to use new criterion, ΔOED , that can serve as a measure of the tightness of molecular packing upon crystal formation. Overall, the materials show promising detonation and propulsion parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor L Dalinger
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 LeninskyProsp, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksandr V Kormanov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 LeninskyProsp, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Kyrill Yu Suponitsky
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov St., Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Nikita V Muravyev
- N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina St, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Aleksei B Sheremetev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 LeninskyProsp, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
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