1
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Yoshino J, Hirono Y, Kaneda A, Hayashi N. Synthesis, structures, and solid-state photoresponsive color change behavior of boronium complexes bearing a pyridine-imine, diimine, or pyridine-ketone bidentate ligand. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15017-15022. [PMID: 37812026 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02332j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
9-Borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-based boronium triflates bearing a N-substituted 2-pyridylmethanimine, N,N'-dialkylethane-1,2-diimine, or 2-arylcarbonylpyridine ligand were synthesized. Their tetracoordinate boron structures were determined using 11B NMR spectra and X-ray crystallography. The pyridine-imine complexes exhibited solid-state photoresponsive color changes upon UV irradiation, which indicated that boronium complexes without a bipyridine moiety also have photoresponsive capabilities. Combination of TD-DFT calculations and measurements of UV-vis absorption and fluorescence properties, diffuse reflectance spectra, and ESR spectra provided suggestions on the determining factor of the photoresponsive color change capabilities and structures of the photoproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junro Yoshino
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshito Hirono
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Ayako Kaneda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Naoto Hayashi
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
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2
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Wentz KE, Molino A, Freeman LA, Dickie DA, Wilson DJD, Gilliard RJ. Approaching Dianionic Tetraoxadiborecine Macrocycles: 10-Membered Bora-Crown Ethers Incorporating Borafluorenate Units. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202215772. [PMID: 36437238 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202215772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The addition of non-benzenoid quinones, acenapthenequinone or aceanthrenequinone, to the 9-carbene-9-borafluorene monoanion (1) affords the first examples of dianionic 10-membered bora-crown ethers (2-5), which are characterized by multi-nuclear NMR spectroscopy (1 H, 13 C, 11 B), X-ray crystallography, elemental analysis, and UV/Vis spectroscopy. These tetraoxadiborecines have distinct absorption profiles based on the positioning of the alkali metal cations. When compound 4, which has a vacant C4 B2 O4 cavity, is reacted with sodium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate, a color change from purple to orange serves as a visual indicator of metal binding to the central ring, whereby the Na+ ion coordinates to four oxygen atoms. A detailed theoretical analysis of the calculated reaction energetics is provided to gain insight into the reaction mechanism for the formation of 2-5. These data, and the electronic structures of proposed intermediates, indicate that the reaction proceeds via a boron enolate intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsie E Wentz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./PO Box 400319, 22904, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Andrew Molino
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, 3086, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lucas A Freeman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./PO Box 400319, 22904, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Diane A Dickie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./PO Box 400319, 22904, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - David J D Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, 3086, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert J Gilliard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, 409 McCormick Rd./PO Box 400319, 22904, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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3
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Devillard M, Cordier M, Roisnel T, Dinoi C, Del Rosal I, Alcaraz G. Hydroboration of vinyl halides with mesitylborane: a direct access to (mesityl)(alkyl)haloboranes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1589-1592. [PMID: 35018926 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06365k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The direct access to (mesityl)(alkyl)haloboranes (Mes(Alk)BX) (X = Br, Cl) from mesitylborane dimer and vinyl halides is presented. The involved hydroboration reaction results in the transfer of the halogen atom from the carbon of the starting material to the boron in the final product. The reactivity of the obtained Mes(Alk)BX has been evaluated for the synthesis of the bipyridyl boronium cations and 2-arylpyridine derived boron N^C-chelates. The formation mechanism of Mes(Alk)BX is apprended by DFT-calculations which shows that their formation involves two concomitant pathways derived from the regioslectivity of the hydroboration reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Devillard
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France.
| | - Marie Cordier
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France.
| | | | - Chiara Dinoi
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Iker Del Rosal
- LPCNO, CNRS & INSA, Université de Toulouse, 135 Avenue de Rangueil, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Gilles Alcaraz
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR-UMR 6226, Rennes F-35000, France.
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4
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Zhang L, Sun LY, Chang JP, Xie HY, Zhang YW, Zhang YF, Han YF. A trefoil-shaped macrocycle with 12 imidazolium cations. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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5
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Lin B, Zhuo J, Lin C, Gao Y, Yuan Y. Synthesis and Nucleotide Recognition Properties of Carborane-Based Benzoimidazolium Cyclophane. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202203005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Shi Q, Wang X, Liu B, Qiao P, Li J, Wang L. Macrocyclic host molecules with aromatic building blocks: the state of the art and progress. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:12379-12405. [PMID: 34726202 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04400a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclic host molecules play the central role in host-guest chemistry and supramolecular chemistry. The highly structural symmetry of macrocyclic host molecules can meet people's pursuit of aesthetics in molecular design, and generally means a balance of design, synthesis, properties and applications. For macrocyclic host molecules with highly symmetrical structures, building blocks, which could be described as repeat units as well, are the most fundamental elements for molecular design. The structural features and recognition ability of macrocyclic host molecules are determined by the building blocks and their connection patterns. Using different building blocks, different macrocyclic host molecules could be designed and synthesized. With decades of developments of host-guest chemistry and supramolecular chemistry, diverse macrocyclic host molecules with different building blocks have been designed and synthesized. Aromatic building blocks are a big family among the various building blocks used in constructing macrocyclic host molecules. In this feature article, the recent developments of macrocyclic host molecules with aromatic building blocks were summarized and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Shi
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Light Conversion Materials and Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xuping Wang
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Light Conversion Materials and Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Light Conversion Materials and Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Panyu Qiao
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Light Conversion Materials and Technology of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jing Li
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Strength Lightweight Metallic Materials, Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China
| | - Leyong Wang
- Advanced Materials Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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7
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Shimoyama D, Baser-Kirazli N, Lalancette RA, Jäkle F. Electrochromic Polycationic Organoboronium Macrocycles with Multiple Redox States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17942-17946. [PMID: 34111328 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polycationic macrocycles are attractive as they display unique molecular switching capabilities arising from their redox properties. Although diverse polycationic macrocycles have been developed, those based on cationic boron systems remain very limited. We present herein the development of novel polycationic macrocycles by introducing organoboronium moieties into a conjugated organoboron macrocyclic framework. These macrocycles consist of four bipyridylboronium units that are connected by fluorene and either electron-deficient arylborane or electron-rich arylamine moieties. Electrochemical studies reveal that the macrocycles undergo reversible multi-step redox processes with transfer of up to 10 electrons. Switchable electrochromic behavior is demonstrated via spectroelectrochemical studies and the observed color changes are rationalized by correlation with computed electronic transitions using DFT methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Shimoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Nurcan Baser-Kirazli
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Roger A Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University-Newark, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
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8
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Shimoyama D, Baser‐Kirazli N, Lalancette RA, Jäkle F. Electrochromic Polycationic Organoboronium Macrocycles with Multiple Redox States. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202105852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Shimoyama
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Nurcan Baser‐Kirazli
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Roger A. Lalancette
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
| | - Frieder Jäkle
- Department of Chemistry Rutgers University-Newark 73 Warren Street Newark NJ 07102 USA
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9
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Hua K, Gan MM, Liu XR, Zhang L, An YY, Han YF. Template-driven construction of [8]-imidazolium macrocycles. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01617a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A controllable and efficient template-driven strategy for the rational construction of polyimidazolium macrocycles has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hua
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- P. R. China
| | - Ming-Ming Gan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- P. R. China
| | - Xue-Ru Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- P. R. China
| | - Le Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan An
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- P. R. China
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science Northwest University
- Xi'an 710127
- P. R. China
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10
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Yoshino J, Hirono Y, Akahane R, Higuchi H, Hayashi N. Effects of π-conjugation on the solid-state photoresponsive coloring behavior of bipyridine-boronium complexes. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:1517-1521. [PMID: 33047774 DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00296h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state photoinduced coloring of boronium complexes consisting of 9-borabicyclononane and 2,2'-bipyridine with π-conjugated substituents at the 4,4'- or 5,5'-positions was investigated. The substitution position affected the highest occupied molecular orbital distribution and determined the coloring capability. The 4,4'-substituted complexes exhibited coloration upon irradiation, whereas most of the 5,5'-substituted complexes did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junro Yoshino
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan. and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshito Hirono
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Ryota Akahane
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Higuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Naoto Hayashi
- Faculty of Science, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan. and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
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11
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Hu Y, Long S, Fu H, She Y, Xu Z, Yoon J. Revisiting imidazolium receptors for the recognition of anions: highlighted research during 2010-2019. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 50:589-618. [PMID: 33174897 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00642d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Imidazolium based receptors selectively recognize anions, and have received more and more attention. In 2006 and 2010, we reviewed the mechanism and progress of imidazolium salt recognition of anions, respectively. In the past ten years, new developments have emerged in this area, including some new imidazolium motifs and the identification of a wider variety of biological anions. In this review, we discuss the progress of imidazolium receptors for the recognition of anions in the period of 2010-2019 and highlight the trends in this area. We first classify receptors based on motifs, including some newly emerging receptors, as well as new advances in existing receptor types at this stage. Then we discuss separately according to the types of anions, including ATP, GTP, DNA and RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China.
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12
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Scheiner S, Michalczyk M, Zierkiewicz W. Coordination of anions by noncovalently bonded σ-hole ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Li Z, Wiratpruk N, Barnard PJ. Stepwise Synthesis of Tetra-imidazolium Macrocycles and Their N-Heterocyclic Carbene Metal Complexes. Front Chem 2019; 7:270. [PMID: 31069216 PMCID: PMC6491846 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A modular stepwise synthetic method has been developed for the preperation of tetra-imidazolium macrocycles. Initially a series of three bis(imidazolylmethyl)benzene precursors were alkylated with 1,2-dibromoethane to produce the corresponding bis-bromoethylimidazolium bromide salts. In the second step the bis-bromoethylimidazolium bromide salts were reacted with selected bis(imidazolylmethyl)benzene molecules to produce a series of two symmetrical and three asymmetrical tetra-imidazolium macrocycles. These tetra-imidazolium salts act receptors for anions and 1H-NMR titration studies were used to determine the association constants between two of the macrocycles and the halide anions chloride, bromide and iodide. The tetra-imidazolium salts are precursors for N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands and the corresponding silver(I), gold(I), and palladium(II) NHC complexes have been prepared. Varied structures were obtained, which depend on the chosen macrocyclic ligand and metal ion and in the case of the coinage metals Ag(I) and Au(I), mono, di, and hexanuclear complexes were formed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter J. Barnard
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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14
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Aletti AB, Miljkovic A, Toma L, Bruno R, Armentano D, Gunnlaugsson T, Bergamaschi G, Amendola V. Halide-Controlled Extending–Shrinking Motion of a Covalent Cage. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4221-4228. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna B. Aletti
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ana Miljkovic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, v.le Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Lucio Toma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, v.le Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Rosaria Bruno
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Technologies, via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza 87036, Italy
| | - Donatella Armentano
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Technologies, via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza 87036, Italy
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Greta Bergamaschi
- Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare (ICRM), via M. Bianco 9, Milano 20131, Italy
| | - Valeria Amendola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, v.le Taramelli 12, Pavia 27100, Italy
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Differential Binding of Tetrel-Bonding Bipodal Receptors to Monatomic and Polyatomic Anions. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24020227. [PMID: 30634503 PMCID: PMC6358819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work has demonstrated that a bidentate receptor containing a pair of Sn atoms can engage in very strong interactions with halide ions via tetrel bonds. The question that is addressed here concerns the possibility that a receptor of this type might be designed that would preferentially bind a polyatomic over a monatomic anion since the former might better span the distance between the two Sn atoms. The binding of Cl− was thus compared to that of HCOO−, HSO4−, and H2PO4− with a wide variety of bidentate receptors. A pair of SnFH2 groups, as strong tetrel-binding agents, were first added to a phenyl ring in ortho, meta, and para arrangements. These same groups were also added in 1,3 and 1,4 positions of an aliphatic cyclohexyl ring. The tetrel-bonding groups were placed at the termini of (-C≡C-)n (n = 1,2) extending arms so as to further separate the two Sn atoms. Finally, the Sn atoms were incorporated directly into an eight-membered ring, rather than as appendages. The ordering of the binding energetics follows the HCO2− > Cl− > H2PO4− > HSO4− general pattern, with some variations in selected systems. The tetrel bonding is strong enough that in most cases, it engenders internal deformations within the receptors that allow them to engage in bidentate bonding, even for the monatomic chloride, which mutes any effects of a long Sn···Sn distance within the receptor.
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16
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Kosiorek S, Butkiewicz H, Danylyuk O, Sashuk V. Pillar[6]pyridinium: a hexagonally shaped molecular box that selectively recognizes multicharged anionic species. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6316-6319. [PMID: 29856451 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03353f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A sextuply charged cyclic cationic receptor with an extraordinary structure and unprecedented binding properties is presented. The macrocycle consists of six pyridinium ions connected by methylene linkers with an electron-deficient cavity inside. In the solid state, the cavity is padded with an organized water network that gives the macrocycle a hexagonal shape. In water, the cavity is more flexible and selectively accommodates anionic species. Of the ions of similar size the macrocycle binds most strongly those with the largest negative charge. When the net charge is the same, the most preferred are anions with delocalized charge rather that those with localized charge; remarkably, the former form inclusion complexes, while the latter are complexed externally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Kosiorek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland.
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17
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Saha R, Ghosh AK, Samajdar RN, Mukherjee PS. Self-Assembled Pd II6 Molecular Spheroids and Their Proton Conduction Property. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:6540-6548. [PMID: 29792418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of molecular spheroids (SP1-SP4) was synthesized using pseudolinear bisimidazole and bisbenzimidazole donors in combination with Pd(NO3)2 acceptor via coordination-driven self-assembly. They were characterized by NMR and mass spectrometry, and the solid-state structures of SP1 and SP3 were confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Crystal packing revealed the presence of molecular channels with water molecules in the channels as proton source. All the systems showed proton conductivity across a wide range of temperature and relative humidity. Furthermore, the mode of proton conduction in these molecular spheroids was explored by performing a control experiment using 2,4-dinitrophenol molecule, which indicates that the proton conductivity in the present case increases with increasing surface area of these molecular spheroids.
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18
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Scheiner S. Tetrel Bonding as a Vehicle for Strong and Selective Anion Binding. Molecules 2018; 23:E1147. [PMID: 29751608 PMCID: PMC6100077 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrel atoms T (T = Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb) can engage in very strong noncovalent interactions with nucleophiles, which are commonly referred to as tetrel bonds. The ability of such bonds to bind various anions is assessed with a goal of designing an optimal receptor. The Sn atom seems to form the strongest bonds within the tetrel family. It is most effective in the context of a -SnF₃ group and a further enhancement is observed when a positive charge is placed on the receptor. Connection of the -SnF₃ group to either an imidazolium or triazolium provides a strong halide receptor, which can be improved if its point of attachment is changed from the C to an N atom of either ring. Aromaticity of the ring offers no advantage nor is a cyclic system superior to a simple alkyl amine of any chain length. Placing a pair of -SnF₃ groups on a single molecule to form a bipodal dicationic receptor with two tetrel bonds enhances the binding, but falls short of a simple doubling. These two tetrel groups can be placed on opposite ends of an alkyl diamine chain of any length although SnF₃⁺NH₂(CH₂)nNH₂SnF₃⁺ with n between 2 and 4 seems to offer the strongest halide binding. Of the various anions tested, OH− binds most strongly: OH− > F− > Cl− > Br− > I−. The binding energy of the larger NO₃− and HCO₃− anions is more dependent upon the charge of the receptor. This pattern translates into very strong selectivity of binding one anion over another. The tetrel-bonding receptors bind far more strongly to each anion than an equivalent number of K⁺ counterions, which leads to equilibrium ratios in favor of the former of many orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-0300, USA.
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Yang YD, Sessler JL, Gong HY. Flexible imidazolium macrocycles: building blocks for anion-induced self-assembly. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:9684-9696. [PMID: 28766599 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc04661h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This feature article summarises recent contributions of the authors in the area of anion-induced supramolecular self-assembly. It is based on the chemistry of a set of tetracationic imidazolium macrocycles, specifically the so-called 'Texas-sized' molecular box, cyclo[2](2,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine)[2](1,4-dimethylenebenzene) (14+), and its congeners, cyclo[2](2,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine)[2](1,2-dimethylenebenzene) (24+), cyclo[2](2,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine)[2](1,3-dimethylenebenzene) (34+), and cyclo[2](2,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridine)[2](2,6-dimethylenepyridine) (44+). These systems collectively have been demonstrated as being versatile building blocks that interact with organic carboxylate or sulfonate anions, as well as substrates (e.g., neutral molecules or metal cations). Most work to date has been carried out with 14+, a system that has been found to support the construction of a number of stimuli responsive self-assembled ensembles. This macrocycle and others of the 'Texas-sized' box family also show the potential to react as carbene precursors and to undergo post-synthetic modification (PSM) to produce new functional macrocycles, such as trans- and cis-cyclo[2]((Z)-N-(2-((6-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyridin-2-yl)amino)vinyl)formamide)[2](1,4-bismethylbenzene) (52+ and 62+, respectively). On the basis of the work reviewed in this Feature article, we propose that the imidazolium macrocycles 14+-44+ can be considered as useful tools for the construction of ensembles with environmentally responsive features, including control over self-assembly and an ability to undergo precursor-specific PSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Dong Yang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwaidajie 19, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China.
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20
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Weinhold F. Theoretical Prediction of Robust Second-Row Oxyanion Clusters in the Metastable Domain of Antielectrostatic Hydrogen Bonding. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:2035-2044. [PMID: 29381336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We provide ab initio and density functional theory evidence for a family of surprisingly robust like-charged clusters of common HSO4- and H2PO4- oxyanions, ranging up to tetramers of net charge 4-. Our results support other recent theoretical and experimental evidence for "antielectrostatic" hydrogen-bonded (AEHB) species that challenge conventional electrostatic conceptions and force-field modeling of closed-shell ion interactions. We provide structural and energetic descriptors of the predicted kinetic well-depths (in the range 3-10 kcal/mol) and barrier widths (in the range 2-4 Å) for simple AEHB dimers, including evidence of extremely strong hydrogen bonding in the fluoride-bisulfate dianion. For more complex polyanionic species, we employ natural-bond-orbital-based descriptors to characterize the electronic features of the cooperative hydrogen-bonding network that are able to successfully defy Coulomb explosion. The computational results suggest a variety of kinetically stable AEHB species that may be suitable for experimental detection as long-lived gas-phase species or structural units of condensed phases, despite the imposing electrostatic barriers that oppose their formation under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Weinhold
- Theoretical Chemistry Institute and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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22
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Halogen Bonds Formed between Substituted Imidazoliums and N Bases of Varying N-Hybridization. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101634. [PMID: 28961202 PMCID: PMC6151534 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterodimers are constructed containing imidazolium and its halogen-substituted derivatives as Lewis acid. N in its sp³, sp² and sp hybridizations is taken as the electron-donating base. The halogen bond is strengthened in the Cl < Br < I order, with the H-bond generally similar in magnitude to the Br-bond. Methyl substitution on the N electron donor enhances the binding energy. Very little perturbation arises if the imidazolium is attached to a phenyl ring. The energetics are not sensitive to the hybridization of the N atom. More regular patterns appear in the individual phenomena. Charge transfer diminishes uniformly on going from amine to imine to nitrile, a pattern that is echoed by the elongation of the C-Z (Z=H, Cl, Br, I) bond in the Lewis acid. These trends are also evident in the Atoms in Molecules topography of the electron density. Molecular electrostatic potentials are not entirely consistent with energetics. Although I of the Lewis acid engages in a stronger bond than does H, it is the potential of the latter which is much more positive. The minimum on the potential of the base is most negative for the nitrile even though acetonitrile does not form the strongest bonds. Placing the systems in dichloromethane solvent reduces the binding energies but leaves intact most of the trends observed in vacuo; the same can be said of ∆G in solution.
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Scheiner S. Assembly of Effective Halide Receptors from Components. Comparing Hydrogen, Halogen, and Tetrel Bonds. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:3606-3615. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b02305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
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24
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Scheiner S. Comparison of halide receptors based on H, halogen, chalcogen, pnicogen, and tetrel bonds. Faraday Discuss 2017; 203:213-226. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00043j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of halide receptors are constructed and the geometries and energetics of their binding to F−, Cl−, and Br−assessed by quantum calculations. The dicationic receptors are based on a pair of imidazolium units, connectedviaa benzene spacer. The imidazoliums each donate a proton to a halide in a pair of H-bonds. Replacement of the two bonding protons by Br leads to bindingviaa pair of halogen bonds. Likewise, chalcogen, pnicogen, and tetrel bonds occur when the protons are replaced, respectively, by Se, As, and Ge. Regardless of the binding group considered, F−is bound much more strongly than are Cl−and Br−. With respect to the latter two halides, the binding energy is not very sensitive to the nature of the binding atom, whether H or some other atom. But there is a great deal of differentiation with respect to F−, where the order varies as tetrel > H ∼ pnicogen > halogen > chalcogen. The replacement of the various binding atoms by their analogues in the next row of the periodic table enhances the fluoride binding energy by 22–56%. The strongest fluoride binding agents utilize the tetrel bonds of the Sn atom, whereas it is I-halogen bonds that are preferred for Cl−and Br−. After incorporation of thermal and entropic effects, the halogen, chalcogen, and pnicogen bonding receptors do not represent much of an improvement over H-bonds with regard to this selectivity for F−, even I which binds quite strongly. In stark contrast, the tetrel-bonding derivatives, both Ge and Sn, show by far the greatest selectivity for F−over the other halides, as much as 1013, an enhancement of six orders of magnitude when compared to the H-bonding receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Utah State University
- Logan
- USA
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Pfeifer L, Engle KM, Pidgeon GW, Sparkes HA, Thompson AL, Brown JM, Gouverneur V. Hydrogen-Bonded Homoleptic Fluoride–Diarylurea Complexes: Structure, Reactivity, and Coordinating Power. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13314-13325. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Pfeifer
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Keary M. Engle
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - George W. Pidgeon
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel A. Sparkes
- ISIS Facility,
STFC-Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, OX11
0QX Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Amber L. Thompson
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John M. Brown
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA Oxford, United Kingdom
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26
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Amendola V, Bergamaschi G, Boiocchi M, Legnani L, Presti EL, Miljkovic A, Monzani E, Pancotti F. Chloride-binding in organic–water mixtures: the powerful synergy of C–H donor groups within a bowl-shaped cavity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:10910-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc04978h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
2,3,4,5-Tetrafluorobenzyl and imidazolium groups within an open-chain receptor allow for the effective binding of chloride in organic–water solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Amendola
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Pavia
- Pavia
- Italy
| | | | | | - Laura Legnani
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Pavia
- Pavia
- Italy
| | - Eliana Lo Presti
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Pavia
- Pavia
- Italy
| | - Ana Miljkovic
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Pavia
- Pavia
- Italy
| | - Enrico Monzani
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Pavia
- Pavia
- Italy
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