1
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Petri YD, FitzGerald FG, Raines RT. Chemoselective Reagents for the Traceless Bioreversible Modification of Native Proteins. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:1300-1308. [PMID: 39206956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Nature utilizes bioreversible post-translational modifications (PTMs) to spatiotemporally diversify protein function. Mimicking Nature's approach, chemists have developed a variety of chemoselective regents for traceless, bioreversible modification of native proteins. These strategies have found utility in the development of reversible covalent inhibitors and degraders as well as the synthesis of functional protein conjugates for delivery into cells. This Viewpoint provides a snapshot of such tools, which currently cover Cys, Ser, Thr, Lys, Asp, and Glu residues and the N terminus. Additionally, we explore how bioreversible reagents, originally developed by research communities with differing objectives, can be utilized synergistically. Looking forward, we discuss the need for developing bioreversible reagents for labeling His, Tyr, Arg, Trp, Asn, Gln, and Met residues and the C-terminus as well as the installation of dynamic PTMs. Finally, to broaden the applicability of these tools, we point out the importance of developing modular release scaffolds with tunable release times and responsiveness to multiple endogenous triggers. We anticipate that this Viewpoint will catalyze further research and technological breakthroughs in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana D Petri
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Forrest G FitzGerald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Ronald T Raines
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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2
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Szepesi Kovács D, Pásztor B, Ábrányi-Balogh P, Petri L, Imre T, Simon J, Tátrai E, Várady G, Tóvári J, Szijj PA, Keserű GM. Site-Selective Antibody Conjugation with Dibromopyrazines. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:1373-1379. [PMID: 39151068 PMCID: PMC11417993 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, antibody conjugates have evolved as state-of-the-art options for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. During site-selective antibody conjugation, incomplete rebridging of antibody chains limits the homogeneity of conjugates and calls for the development of new rebridging agents. Herein, we report a dibromopyrazine derivative optimized to reach highly homogeneous conjugates rapidly and with high conversion on rebridging of trastuzumab, even providing a feasible route for antibody modification in acidic conditions. Furthermore, coupling a fluorescent dye and a cytotoxic drug resulted in effective antibody conjugates with excellent serum stability and in vitro selectivity, demonstrating the utility of the dibromopyrazine rebridging agent to produce on-demand future antibody conjugates for diagnostic or therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dénes Szepesi Kovács
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre
for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology
and Biotechnology, Budapest University of
Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- National
Drug Research and Development Laboratory, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bettina Pásztor
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre
for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology
and Biotechnology, Budapest University of
Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- National
Drug Research and Development Laboratory, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Ábrányi-Balogh
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre
for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology
and Biotechnology, Budapest University of
Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- National
Drug Research and Development Laboratory, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Petri
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre
for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- National
Drug Research and Development Laboratory, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Institute
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eötvös
Loránd University, Egyetem t. 1–3, H-1053 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tímea Imre
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre
for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- MS
Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Simon
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre
for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- MS
Metabolomics Research Laboratory, Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Tátrai
- Department
of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute
of Oncology, Ráth
György u. 7–9, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary
- National
Tumor Biology Laboratory, Ráth György u. 7–9, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Várady
- Molecular
Cell Biology Research Group, Research Centre
for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Tóvári
- Department
of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute
of Oncology, Ráth
György u. 7–9, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary
- National
Tumor Biology Laboratory, Ráth György u. 7–9, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter A. Szijj
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, WC1H 0AJ London, U.K.
| | - György M. Keserű
- Medicinal
Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre
for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department
of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology
and Biotechnology, Budapest University of
Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- National
Drug Research and Development Laboratory, Magyar tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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3
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Yap SY, Butcher T, Spears RJ, McMahon C, Thanasi IA, Baker JR, Chudasama V. Chemo- and regio-selective differential modification of native cysteines on an antibody via the use of dehydroalanine forming reagents. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8557-8568. [PMID: 38846383 PMCID: PMC11151841 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00392f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein modification has garnered increasing interest over the past few decades and has become an important tool in many aspects of chemical biology. In recent years, much effort has focused on site-selective modification strategies that generate more homogenous bioconjugates, and this is particularly so in the antibody modification space. Modifying native antibodies by targeting solvent-accessible cysteines liberated by interchain disulfide reduction is, perhaps, the predominant strategy for achieving more site-selectivity on an antibody scaffold. This is evidenced by numerous approved antibody therapeutics that have utilised cysteine-directed conjugation reagents and the plethora of methods/strategies focused on antibody cysteine modification. However, all of these methods have a common feature in that after the reduction of native solvent-accessible cystines, the liberated cysteines are all reacted in the same manner. Herein, we report the discovery and application of dehydroalanine forming reagents (including novel reagents) capable of regio- and chemo-selectively modifying these cysteines (differentially) on a clinically relevant antibody fragment and a full antibody. We discovered that these reagents could enable differential reactivity between light chain C-terminal cysteines, heavy chain hinge region cysteines (cysteines with an adjacent proline residue, Cys-Pro), and other heavy chain internal cysteines. This differential reactivity was also showcased on small molecules and on the peptide somatostatin. The application of these dehydroalanine forming reagents was exemplified in the preparation of a dually modified antibody fragment and full antibody. Additionally, we discovered that readily available amide coupling agents can be repurposed as dehydroalanine forming reagents, which could be of interest to the broader field of chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Y Yap
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Tobias Butcher
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Richard J Spears
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Clíona McMahon
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Ioanna A Thanasi
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - James R Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
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4
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Maes D, Nicque M, Iftikhar M, Winne JM. Phenylpropynones as Selective Disulfide Rebridging Bioconjugation Reagents. Org Lett 2024; 26:895-899. [PMID: 38259037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Simple 1-phenylpropynones undergo a selective double thia-Michael addition with thiols in buffered media, yielding an interesting dithioacetal linkage joining two thiols. The reactivity of various Michael-alkyne reagents is compared in this chemoselective, atom economical, and non-oxidative cross-linking of two thiols. The stability and chemical reactivity of the dithioacetal links are studied, and the utility of the disulfide targeting bioconjugation methodology is shown by the selective rebridging of native cyclic peptides after the reductive cleavage of their disulfide bridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diederick Maes
- Ghent University, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Organic Synthesis Group, Krijgslaan 281 (S4), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marvin Nicque
- Ghent University, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Organic Synthesis Group, Krijgslaan 281 (S4), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mehwish Iftikhar
- Ghent University, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Organic Synthesis Group, Krijgslaan 281 (S4), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johan M Winne
- Ghent University, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Organic Synthesis Group, Krijgslaan 281 (S4), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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5
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Chauhan P, V R, Kumar M, Molla R, Mishra SD, Basa S, Rai V. Chemical technology principles for selective bioconjugation of proteins and antibodies. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:380-449. [PMID: 38095227 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00715d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Proteins are multifunctional large organic compounds that constitute an essential component of a living system. Hence, control over their bioconjugation impacts science at the chemistry-biology-medicine interface. A chemical toolbox for their precision engineering can boost healthcare and open a gateway for directed or precision therapeutics. Such a chemical toolbox remained elusive for a long time due to the complexity presented by the large pool of functional groups. The precise single-site modification of a protein requires a method to address a combination of selectivity attributes. This review focuses on guiding principles that can segregate them to simplify the task for a chemical method. Such a disintegration systematically employs a multi-step chemical transformation to deconvolute the selectivity challenges. It constitutes a disintegrate (DIN) theory that offers additional control parameters for tuning precision in protein bioconjugation. This review outlines the selectivity hurdles faced by chemical methods. It elaborates on the developments in the perspective of DIN theory to demonstrate simultaneous regulation of reactivity, chemoselectivity, site-selectivity, modularity, residue specificity, and protein specificity. It discusses the progress of such methods to construct protein and antibody conjugates for biologics, including antibody-fluorophore and antibody-drug conjugates (AFCs and ADCs). It also briefs how this knowledge can assist in developing small molecule-based covalent inhibitors. In the process, it highlights an opportunity for hypothesis-driven routes to accelerate discoveries of selective methods and establish new targetome in the precision engineering of proteins and antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Ragendu V
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Mohan Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Rajib Molla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Surya Dev Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Sneha Basa
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
| | - Vishal Rai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, 462 066, India.
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6
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Bisht T, Adhikari A, Patil S, Dhoundiyal S. Bioconjugation Techniques for Enhancing Stability and Targeting Efficiency of Protein and Peptide Therapeutics. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:226-243. [PMID: 37921168 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037268777231013154850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Bioconjugation techniques have emerged as powerful tools for enhancing the stability and targeting efficiency of protein and peptide therapeutics. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the various bioconjugation strategies employed in the field. The introduction highlights the significance of bioconjugation techniques in addressing stability and targeting challenges associated with protein and peptide-based drugs. Chemical and enzymatic bioconjugation methods are discussed, along with crosslinking strategies for covalent attachment and site-specific conjugation approaches. The role of bioconjugation in improving stability profiles is explored, showcasing case studies that demonstrate successful stability enhancement. Furthermore, bioconjugation techniques for ligand attachment and targeting are presented, accompanied by examples of targeted protein and peptide therapeutics. The review also covers bioconjugation approaches for prolonging circulation and controlled release, focusing on strategies to extend half-life, reduce clearance, and design-controlled release systems. Analytical characterization techniques for bioconjugates, including the evaluation of conjugation efficiency, stability, and assessment of biological activity and targeting efficiency, are thoroughly examined. In vivo considerations and clinical applications of bioconjugated protein and peptide therapeutics, including pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations, as well as preclinical and clinical developments, are discussed. Finally, the review concludes with an overview of future perspectives, emphasizing the potential for novel conjugation methods and advanced targeting strategies to further enhance the stability and targeting efficiency of protein and peptide therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanuja Bisht
- Department of Pharmacy, Shree Dev Bhoomi Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Veer Madho Singh Bhandari Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anupriya Adhikari
- Department of Pharmacy, Shree Dev Bhoomi Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Veer Madho Singh Bhandari Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shivanand Patil
- Department of Pharmacy, Shree Dev Bhoomi Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Veer Madho Singh Bhandari Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shivang Dhoundiyal
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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7
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Rochet LNC, Bahou C, Wojciechowski JP, Koutsopetras I, Britton P, Spears RJ, Thanasi IA, Shao B, Zhong L, Bučar DK, Aliev AE, Porter MJ, Stevens MM, Baker JR, Chudasama V. Use of pyridazinediones for tuneable and reversible covalent cysteine modification applied to peptides, proteins and hydrogels. Chem Sci 2023; 14:13743-13754. [PMID: 38075666 PMCID: PMC10699563 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04976k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Reversible cysteine modification has been found to be a useful tool for a plethora of applications such as selective enzymatic inhibition, activity-based protein profiling and/or cargo release from a protein or a material. However, only a limited number of reagents display reliable dynamic/reversible thiol modification and, in most cases, many of these reagents suffer from issues of stability, a lack of modularity and/or poor rate tunability. In this work, we demonstrate the potential of pyridazinediones as novel reversible and tuneable covalent cysteine modifiers. We show that the electrophilicity of pyridazinediones correlates to the rates of the Michael addition and retro-Michael deconjugation reactions, demonstrating that pyridazinediones provide an enticing platform for readily tuneable and reversible thiol addition/release. We explore the regioselectivity of the novel reaction and unveil the reason for the fundamental increased reactivity of aryl bearing pyridazinediones by using DFT calculations and corroborating findings with SCXRD. We also applied this fundamental discovery to making more rapid disulfide rebridging agents in related work. We finally provide the groundwork for potential applications in various areas with exemplification using readily functionalised "clickable" pyridazinediones on clinically relevant cysteine and disulfide conjugated proteins, as well as on a hydrogel material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa N C Rochet
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Calise Bahou
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Jonathan P Wojciechowski
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Ilias Koutsopetras
- Bio-Functional Chemistry (UMR 7199), Institut du Médicament de Strasbourg, University of Strasbourg 74 Route du Rhin 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden France
| | - Phyllida Britton
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Richard J Spears
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Ioanna A Thanasi
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Baihao Shao
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Lisha Zhong
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Dejan-Krešimir Bučar
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Abil E Aliev
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Michael J Porter
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - James R Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
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8
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Richard M, Martin Aubert S, Denis C, Dubois S, Nozach H, Truillet C, Kuhnast B. Fluorine-18 and Radiometal Labeling of Biomolecules via Disulfide Rebridging. Bioconjug Chem 2023; 34:2123-2132. [PMID: 37881943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecules labeled with positron-emitting radionuclides like fluorine-18 or radiometals like copper-64 and zirconium-89 are increasingly employed in nuclear medicine for diagnosis purposes. Given the fragility and complexity of these compounds, their labeling requires mild conditions. Besides, it is essential to develop methods inducing minimal modification of the tertiary structure, as it is fundamental for the biological activity of such complex entities. Given these requirements, disulfide rebridging represents a promising possibility since it allows protein modification as well as conservation of the tertiary structure. In this context, we have developed an original radiofluorinated dibromopyridazine dione prosthetic group for labeling of disulfide-containing biomolecules via rebridging. We employed it to radiolabel octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, and to radiolabel fragment antigen binding (Fab) targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), whose properties were then evaluated in vitro and in vivo by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. We next extended our strategy to the radiolabeling of cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody, with various radiometals commonly used in PET imaging (zirconium-89, copper-64) by developing various rebridging molecules bearing the appropriate chelators. The stabilities of the radiolabeled antibody conjugates were assessed in biological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Richard
- CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, SHFJ, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay 91401, France
| | | | - Caroline Denis
- CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, SHFJ, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay 91401, France
| | - Steven Dubois
- CEA, INRAE, Medicines and Healthcare Technologies Department, SIMoS, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Hervé Nozach
- CEA, INRAE, Medicines and Healthcare Technologies Department, SIMoS, Paris-Saclay University, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Charles Truillet
- CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, SHFJ, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay 91401, France
| | - Bertrand Kuhnast
- CEA, CNRS, Inserm, BioMaps, SHFJ, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay 91401, France
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9
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Zhao Y, Chudasama V, Baker JR. Trifunctional Dibromomaleimide Reagents Built Around A Lysine Scaffold Deliver Site-selective Dual-modality Antibody Conjugation. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300356. [PMID: 37548625 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and application of a selection of trifunctional reagents for the dual-modality modification of native, solvent accessible disulfide bonds in trastuzumab. The reagents were developed from the dibromomaleimide (DBM) platform with two orthogonal clickable functional groups built around a lysine core. We also describe the development of an aryl diselenide additive which enables antibody disulfide reduction in 4 minutes and a rapid overall reduction-bridging-double click sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - James R Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
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10
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Nisavic M, Wørmer GJ, Nielsen CS, Jeppesen SM, Palmfeldt J, Poulsen TB. oxSTEF Reagents Are Tunable and Versatile Electrophiles for Selective Disulfide-Rebridging of Native Proteins. Bioconjug Chem 2023. [PMID: 37201197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Site-selective disulfide rebridging has emerged as a powerful strategy to modulate the structural and functional properties of proteins. Here, we introduce a novel class of electrophilic reagents, designated oxSTEF, that demonstrate excellent efficiency in disulfide rebridging via double thiol exchange. The oxSTEF reagents are prepared using an efficient synthetic sequence which may be diverted to obtain a range of derivatives allowing for tuning of reactivity or steric bulk. We demonstrate highly selective rebridging of cyclic peptides and native proteins, such as human growth hormone, and the absence of cross-reactivity with other nucleophilic amino acid residues. The oxSTEF conjugates undergo glutathione-mediated disintegration under tumor-relevant glutathione concentrations, which highlights their potential for use in targeted drug delivery. Finally, the α-dicarbonyl motif of the oxSTEF reagents enables "second phase" oxime ligation, which furthermore increases the thiol stability of the conjugates significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Nisavic
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine─Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Gustav J Wørmer
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Cecilie S Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Sofie M Jeppesen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine─Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, DK-8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Thomas B Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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11
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Sun Q, Yang Z, Qi X. Design and Application of Hybrid Polymer-Protein Systems in Cancer Therapy. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15092219. [PMID: 37177365 PMCID: PMC10181109 DOI: 10.3390/polym15092219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer-protein systems have excellent characteristics, such as non-toxic, non-irritating, good water solubility and biocompatibility, which makes them very appealing as cancer therapeutics agents. Inspiringly, they can achieve sustained release and targeted delivery of drugs, greatly improving the effect of cancer therapy and reducing side effects. However, many challenges, such as reducing the toxicity of materials, protecting the activities of proteins and controlling the release of proteins, still need to be overcome. In this review, the design of hybrid polymer-protein systems, including the selection of polymers and the bonding forms of polymer-protein systems, is presented. Meanwhile, vital considerations, including reaction conditions and the release of proteins in the design process, are addressed. Then, hybrid polymer-protein systems developed in the past decades for cancer therapy, including targeted therapy, gene therapy, phototherapy, immunotherapy and vaccine therapy, are summarized. Furthermore, challenges for the hybrid polymer-protein systems in cancer therapy are exemplified, and the perspectives of the field are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Beijing 100069, China
- Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xianrong Qi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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12
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Wei D, Jiang Y, Mao Y, Xu Z, Chen J, Gao X, Li J, Jiang B, Chen H. Phenyldivinylsulfonamides for the construction of antibody-drug conjugates with controlled four payloads. Bioorg Chem 2023; 134:106463. [PMID: 36924655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Phenyldivinylsulfonamides emerged from a series of divinylsulfonamides, demonstrating their ability to effectively re-bridge disulfide bonds. This kind of linkers was attached to monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) and further conjugated with a model antibody, trastuzumab. After optimization, the linker 20 can deliver stable and highly homogenous DAR (Drug-to-Antibody Ratio) four antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). The method was also applicable for other IgG1 antibodies to obtain ADCs with controlled four payloads. Moreover, the MMAE-bearing ADC is potent, selective and efficacious against target cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Wei
- Green Chemical Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yuecheng Jiang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China; School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Yurong Mao
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Zili Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China; School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Jiakang Chen
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Xiuxia Gao
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Jiusheng Li
- Green Chemical Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Biao Jiang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Hongli Chen
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Pudong, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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13
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Habimana JDD, Mukama O, Chen G, Chen M, Amissah OB, Wang L, Liu Y, Sun Y, Li AL, Deng S, Huang J, Yan XX, Rutaganda T, Mutangana D, Wu LP, Huang R, Li Z. Harnessing enhanced CRISPR/Cas12a trans-cleavage activity with extended reporters and reductants for early diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori, the causative agent of peptic ulcers and stomach cancer. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 222:114939. [PMID: 36459819 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Developing rapid and non-invasive diagnostics for Helicobacter pylori (HP) is imperative to prevent associated diseases such as stomach gastritis, ulcers, and cancers. Owing to HP strain heterogeneity, not all HP-infected individuals incur side effects. Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), and vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) genes predominantly drive HP pathogenicity. Therefore, diagnosing CagA and VacA genotypes could alert active infection and decide suitable therapeutics. We report an enhanced LbCas12a trans-cleavage activity with extended reporters and reductants (CEXTRAR) for early detection of HP. We demonstrate that extended ssDNA reporter acts as an excellent signal amplifier, making it a potential alternative substrate for LbCas12a collateral activity. Through a systematic investigation of various buffer components, we demonstrate that reductants improve LbCas12a trans-cleavage activity. Overall, our novel reporter and optimal buffer increased the trans-cleavage activity to an order of 16-fold, achieving picomolar sensitivity (171 pM) without target pre-amplification. Integrated with loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), CEXTRAR successfully attained attomolar sensitivity for HP detection using real-time fluorescence (43 and 96 aM), in-tube fluorescence readouts (430 and 960 aM), and lateral flow (4.3 and 9.6 aM) for CagA and VacA, respectively. We also demonstrate a rapid 2-min Triton X-100 lysis for clinical sample analysis, which could provide clinicians with actionable information for rapid diagnosis. CEXTRAR could potentially spot the 13C urea breath test false-negatives. For the first time, our study unveils an experimental outlook to manipulate reporters and reconsider precise cysteine substitution via protein engineering for Cas variants with enhanced catalytic activities for use in diagnostics and genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean de Dieu Habimana
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Omar Mukama
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China; Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Avenue de l'armée, Kigali, P.O. Box: 3900, Rwanda
| | - Guiquan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University-Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, 523059, China
| | - Mengjun Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University-Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, 523059, China
| | - Obed Boadi Amissah
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Yirong Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Amy L Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Sihao Deng
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jufang Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Theobard Rutaganda
- College of Science 205 Mugar Life Sciences, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dieudonne Mutangana
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Avenue de l'armée, Kigali, P.O. Box: 3900, Rwanda
| | - Lin-Ping Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Rongqi Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China; Guangzhou Qiyuan Biomedical Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China; Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; GZMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China; GIBH-HKU Guangdong-HongKong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, GIBH-CUHK Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Guangzhou Qiyuan Biomedical Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China.
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14
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He YL, Zhong M, Song ZL, Shen YK, Zhao L, Fang J. Synthesis and discovery of Baylis-Hillman adducts as potent and selective thioredoxin reductase inhibitors for cancer treatment. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 79:117169. [PMID: 36657375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) is of paramount importance in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis, and aberrant upregulation of TrxR is frequently observed in various cancers due to their elevated oxidative stress in cells. Thus, it seems promising and feasible to target the ablation of intracellular TrxR for the treatment of cancers. We report herein the design and synthesis of a series of Baylis-Hillman adducts, and identified a typical adduct that possesses the superior cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells over other types of cancer cells. The biological investigation shows the selected typical adduct selectively targets TrxR in HepG2 cells, which thereafter results in the collapse of intracellular redox homeostasis. Further mechanistic studies reveal that the selected typical adduct arrests the cell cycle in G1/G0 phase. Importantly, the malignant metastasis of HepG2 cells is significantly restrained by the selected typical adduct. With well-defined molecular target and mechanism of action, the selected typical adduct, even other Baylis-Hillman skeleton-bearing compounds, merits further development as candidate or ancillary agent for the treatment of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin He
- Natural Medicine Research & Development Center, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Miao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Zi-Long Song
- Natural Medicine Research & Development Center, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yu-Kai Shen
- Lizhi College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Lanning Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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15
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de Freitas JVB, Reis AVF, Silva ADO, de Sousa ACC, Martins JRP, Nogueira KAB, da Silva Moreira T, Petrilli R, Eloy JO. Monoclonal Antibodies in Nanosystems as a Strategy for Cancer Treatment. Cancer Nanotechnol 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-17831-3_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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16
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Akbarian M, Chen SH. Instability Challenges and Stabilization Strategies of Pharmaceutical Proteins. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2533. [PMID: 36432723 PMCID: PMC9699111 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining the structure of protein and peptide drugs has become one of the most important goals of scientists in recent decades. Cold and thermal denaturation conditions, lyophilization and freeze drying, different pH conditions, concentrations, ionic strength, environmental agitation, the interaction between the surface of liquid and air as well as liquid and solid, and even the architectural structure of storage containers are among the factors that affect the stability of these therapeutic biomacromolecules. The use of genetic engineering, side-directed mutagenesis, fusion strategies, solvent engineering, the addition of various preservatives, surfactants, and additives are some of the solutions to overcome these problems. This article will discuss the types of stress that lead to instabilities of different proteins used in pharmaceutics including regulatory proteins, antibodies, and antibody-drug conjugates, and then all the methods for fighting these stresses will be reviewed. New and existing analytical methods that are used to detect the instabilities, mainly changes in their primary and higher order structures, are briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shu-Hui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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17
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Lu Y, You L, Chen C. A phosphine-based redox method for direct conjugation of disulfides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12439-12442. [PMID: 36278800 PMCID: PMC9661873 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04967h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Technologies for cysteine disulfide detection and conjugation are pivotal to understanding protein functions and developing disulfide-derived therapeutic agents. Currently, disulfide modification requires reductive cleavage prior to functionalization, posing challenges to differentiating disulfides from free thiols. We describe herein Redox-assisted Disulfide Direct Conjugation (RDDC) as a new method to enable disulfide rebridging without cross-reacting with free thiols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA.
| | - Lin You
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA.
| | - Chuo Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA.
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18
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Banisalman KF, Polykandritou A, Barnieh FM, Ribeiro Morais G, Falconer RA. Chemoselective Solution- and Solid-Phase Synthesis of Disulfide-Linked Glycopeptides. J Org Chem 2022; 87:14026-14036. [PMID: 36265181 PMCID: PMC9638999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation of peptides and proteins is a widely employed strategy to mimic important post-translational modifications or to modulate the physicochemical properties of peptides to enhance their delivery. Furthermore, glycosylation via a sulfur atom imparts increased chemical and metabolic stability to the resulting glycoconjugates. Herein, we report a simple and chemoselective procedure to prepare disulfide-linked glycopeptides. Acetate-protected glycosylsulfenyl hydrazines are shown to be highly reactive with the thiol group of cysteine residues within peptides, both in solution and as part of conventional solid-phase peptide synthesis protocols. The efficiency of this glycosylation methodology with unprotected carbohydrates is also demonstrated, which avoids the need for deprotection steps and further extends its utility, with disulfide-linked glycopeptides produced in excellent yields. Given the importance of glycosylated peptides in structural glycobiology, pharmacology, and therapeutics, the methodology outlined provides easy access to disulfide-linked glycopeptides as molecules with multiple biological applications.
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19
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Trattnig N, Li Z, Bosman GP, Kosma P, Boons G. Site-Specific Multi-Functionalization of the Carrier Protein CRM 197 by Disulfide Rebridging for Conjugate Vaccine Development. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200408. [PMID: 36098623 PMCID: PMC9538913 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Conjugation of an antigen to a carrier protein is widely used for vaccine development. To develop the next generation of conjugate vaccines, we describe here a method for the controlled multi-functionalization of the widely employed carrier protein CRM197 with a carbohydrate-based antigen and an immune potentiator. The approach is based on the selective reduction of one of the disulfides of CRM197 followed by disulfide rebridging employing an appropriately functionalized dibromopyridazinedione. Efficient protein modification required that the reduction and functionalization with a dibromopyridazinedione was performed as a one-step procedure with control over the reaction temperature. Furthermore, ligations were most successful when dibromopyridazinediones were employed having a functional entity such as a TLR7/8 agonist and a cyclooctyne for further modification. Site-specific conjugation avoids modification of T-epitopes of the carrier protein and covalent attachment of an immune potentiator will ensure that cytokines are produced where the vaccine interacts with relevant immune cells resulting in efficient immune potentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nino Trattnig
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht University3584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesMuthgasse 18A-1190ViennaAustria
| | - Zeshi Li
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht University3584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Gerlof P. Bosman
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht University3584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Paul Kosma
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesMuthgasse 18A-1190ViennaAustria
| | - Geert‐Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical SciencesUtrecht University3584 CGUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular ResearchUtrecht University3584 CHUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA
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20
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Lee J, Yu E, Park CM. Catalyst-free electrosynthesis of benzothiophenes from 2-alkenylaryl disulfides. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7499-7502. [PMID: 36106773 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01402e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of benzothiophenes through electrosynthesis under oxidant- and metal-free conditions has been discovered. Electrolysis of symmetrical 2-alkenylaryl disulfides using an undivided cell leads to the formation of the corresponding benzothiophenes in good to moderate yields with good functional group tolerance. The usefulness of this methodology was further investigated with a scale-up experiment, which delivered a similar result to that of the small scale reaction. Several mechanistic investigations including DFT calculations were carried out to elucidate the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology), Ulsan 44919, Korea.
| | - Eunsoo Yu
- Department of Chemistry, UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology), Ulsan 44919, Korea.
| | - Cheol-Min Park
- Department of Chemistry, UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology), Ulsan 44919, Korea.
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21
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Taylor RJ, Geeson MB, Journeaux T, Bernardes GJL. Chemical and Enzymatic Methods for Post-Translational Protein-Protein Conjugation. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14404-14419. [PMID: 35912579 PMCID: PMC9389620 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fusion proteins play an essential role in the biosciences but suffer from several key limitations, including the requirement for N-to-C terminal ligation, incompatibility of constituent domains, incorrect folding, and loss of biological activity. This perspective focuses on chemical and enzymatic approaches for the post-translational generation of well-defined protein-protein conjugates, which overcome some of the limitations faced by traditional fusion techniques. Methods discussed range from chemical modification of nucleophilic canonical amino acid residues to incorporation of unnatural amino acid residues and a range of enzymatic methods, including sortase-mediated ligation. Through summarizing the progress in this rapidly growing field, the key successes and challenges associated with using chemical and enzymatic approaches are highlighted and areas requiring further development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross J. Taylor
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Michael B. Geeson
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Toby Journeaux
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Gonçalo J. L. Bernardes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW Cambridge, U.K.
- Instituto
de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal
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22
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Bahou C, Chudasama V. The use of bromopyridazinedione derivatives in chemical biology. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5879-5890. [PMID: 35373804 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00310d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tools that facilitate the chemical modification of peptides and proteins are gaining an increasing amount of interest across many avenues of chemical biology as they enable a plethora of therapeutic, imaging and diagnostic applications. Cysteine residues and disulfide bonds have been highlighted as appealing targets for modification due to the highly homogenous nature of the products that can be formed through their site-selective modification. Amongst the reagents available for the site-selective modification of cysteine(s)/disulfide(s), pyridazinediones (PDs) have played a particularly important and enabling role. In this review, we outline the unique chemical features that make PDs especially well-suited to cysteine/disulfide modification on a wide variety of proteins and peptides, as well as provide context as to the problems solved (and applications enabled) by this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calise Bahou
- UCL Department of Chemistry, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- UCL Department of Chemistry, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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23
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Harms M, Hansson RF, Carmali S, Almeida-Hernández Y, Sanchez-Garcia E, Münch J, Zelikin AN. Dimerization of the Peptide CXCR4-Antagonist on Macromolecular and Supramolecular Protraction Arms Affords Increased Potency and Enhanced Plasma Stability. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:594-607. [PMID: 35293739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Peptides are prime drug candidates due to their high specificity of action but are disadvantaged by low proteolytic stability. Here, we focus on the development of stabilized analogues of EPI-X4, an endogenous peptide antagonist of CXCR4. We synthesized macromolecular peptide conjugates and performed side-by-side comparison with their albumin-binding counterparts and considered monovalent conjugates, divalent telechelic conjugates, and Y-shaped peptide dimers. All constructs were tested for competition with the CXCR4 antibody-receptor engagement, inhibition of receptor activation, and inhibition of the CXCR4-tropic human immunodeficiency virus infection. We found that the Y-shaped conjugates were more potent than the parent peptide and at the same time more stable in human plasma, with a favorable outlook for translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirja Harms
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Rikke Fabech Hansson
- Department of Chemistry and iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Sheiliza Carmali
- Department of Chemistry and iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Yasser Almeida-Hernández
- Computational Biochemistry, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University Duisburg-Essen, D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Elsa Sanchez-Garcia
- Computational Biochemistry, Center of Medical Biotechnology, University Duisburg-Essen, D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander N Zelikin
- Department of Chemistry and iNano Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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24
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Fleckenstein M, Herr K, Theiß F, Knecht S, Wienands L, Brodrecht M, Reggelin M, Buntkowsky G. A disintegrin derivative as a case study for PHIP labeling of disulfide bridged biomolecules. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2337. [PMID: 35149768 PMCID: PMC8837631 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06327-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A specific labeling strategy for bioactive molecules is presented for eptifibatide (integrilin) an antiplatelet aggregation inhibitor, which derives from the disintegrin protein barbourin in the venom of certain rattlesnakes. By specifically labeling the disulfide bridge this molecule becomes accessible for the nuclear spin hyperpolarization method of parahydrogen induced polarization (PHIP). The PHIP-label was synthesized and inserted into the disulfide bridge of eptifibatide via reduction of the peptide and insertion by a double Michael addition under physiological conditions. This procedure is universally applicable for disulfide-containing biomolecules and preserves their tertiary structure with a minimum of change. HPLC and MS spectra prove the successful insertion of the label. 1H-PHIP-NMR experiments yield a factor of over 1000 as lower limit for the enhancement factor. These results demonstrate the high potential of the labeling strategy for the introduction of site selective PHIP-labels into biomolecules’ disulfide bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Fleckenstein
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Kevin Herr
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Franziska Theiß
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stephan Knecht
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Laura Wienands
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Martin Brodrecht
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Michael Reggelin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Gerd Buntkowsky
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Technical University Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
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25
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Kasper M, Lassak L, Vogl AM, Mai I, Helma J, Schumacher D, Hackenberger CPR. Bis‐ethynylphosphonamidates as an Modular Conjugation Platform to Generate Multi‐Functional Protein‐ and Antibody‐Drug‐Conjugates. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc‐André Kasper
- Chemical Biology Department Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 13125 Berlin Germany
- Department of Chemistry Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
- Tubulis GmbH Butenandtstraße 1 81377 München Germany
| | - Lukas Lassak
- Chemical Biology Department Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 13125 Berlin Germany
- Department of Chemistry Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | | | - Isabelle Mai
- Tubulis GmbH Butenandtstraße 1 81377 München Germany
| | - Jonas Helma
- Tubulis GmbH Butenandtstraße 1 81377 München Germany
| | | | - Christian P. R. Hackenberger
- Chemical Biology Department Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10 13125 Berlin Germany
- Department of Chemistry Humboldt Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Str. 2 12489 Berlin Germany
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26
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Xu L, Silva MJSA, Gois PMP, Kuan SL, Weil T. Chemoselective cysteine or disulfide modification via single atom substitution in chloromethyl acryl reagents. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13321-13330. [PMID: 34777751 PMCID: PMC8528048 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03250j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of bioconjugation chemistry has enabled the combination of various synthetic functionalities to proteins, giving rise to new classes of protein conjugates with functions well beyond what Nature can provide. Despite the progress in bioconjugation chemistry, there are no reagents developed to date where the reactivity can be tuned in a user-defined fashion to address different amino acid residues in proteins. Here, we report that 2-chloromethyl acryl reagents can serve as a simple yet versatile platform for selective protein modification at cysteine or disulfide sites by tuning their inherent electronic properties through the amide or ester linkage. Specifically, the 2-chloromethyl derivatives (acrylamide or acrylate) can be obtained via a simple and easily implemented one-pot reaction based on the coupling reaction between commercially available starting materials with different end-group functionalities (amino group or hydroxyl group). 2-Chloromethyl acrylamide reagents with an amide linkage favor selective modification at the cysteine site with fast reaction kinetics and near quantitative conversations. In contrast, 2-chloromethyl acrylate reagents bearing an ester linkage can undergo two successive Michael reactions, allowing the selective modification of disulfides bonds with high labeling efficiency and good conjugate stability. 2-Chloromethyl acryl derivatives (acrylamides and acrylates) can serve as simple and versatile bioconjugation reagents to achieve site-selective cysteine and disulfide modification on demand and with high efficiency.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujuan Xu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany .,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Maria J S A Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa 1649-003 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Pedro M P Gois
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa 1649-003 Lisbon Portugal
| | - Seah Ling Kuan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany .,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany .,Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
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27
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De Keer L, Cavalli F, Estupiñán D, Krüger AJD, Rocha S, Van Steenberge PHM, Reyniers MF, De Laporte L, Hofkens J, Barner L, D’hooge DR. Synergy of Advanced Experimental and Modeling Tools to Underpin the Synthesis of Static Step-Growth-Based Networks Involving Polymeric Precursor Building Blocks. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lies De Keer
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Gent, Belgium
- School of Chemistry and Physics, and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Federica Cavalli
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Diego Estupiñán
- Soft Matter Synthesis Laboratory, Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas J. D. Krüger
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), Polymeric Biomaterials, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52072 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Advanced Materials for Biomedicine, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering (AME), University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Susana Rocha
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry (ITMC), Polymeric Biomaterials, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 2, 52072 Aachen, Germany
- Department of Advanced Materials for Biomedicine, Institute of Applied Medical Engineering (AME), University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leonie Barner
- School of Chemistry and Physics, and Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Dagmar R. D’hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Ghent University, Technologiepark 125, 9052 Gent, Belgium
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 70a, 9052 Gent, Belgium
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28
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Kiran P, Khan A, Neekhra S, Pallod S, Srivastava R. Nanohybrids as Protein-Polymer Conjugate Multimodal Therapeutics. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 3:676025. [PMID: 35047929 PMCID: PMC8757875 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2021.676025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein therapeutic formulations are being widely explored as multifunctional nanotherapeutics. Challenges in ensuring susceptibility and efficacy of nanoformulation still prevail owing to various interactions with biological fluids before reaching the target site. Smart polymers with the capability of masking drugs, ease of chemical modification, and multi-stimuli responsiveness can assist controlled delivery. An active moiety like therapeutic protein has started to be known as an important biological formulation with a diverse medicinal prospect. The delivery of proteins and peptides with high target specificity has however been tedious, due to their tendency to aggregate formation in different environmental conditions. Proteins due to high chemical reactivity and poor bioavailability are being researched widely in the field of nanomedicine. Clinically, multiple nano-based formulations have been explored for delivering protein with different carrier systems. A biocompatible and non-toxic polymer-based delivery system serves to tailor the polymer or drug better. Polymers not only aid delivery to the target site but are also responsible for proper stearic orientation of proteins thus protecting them from internal hindrances. Polymers have been shown to conjugate with proteins through covalent linkage rendering stability and enhancing therapeutic efficacy prominently when dealing with the systemic route. Here, we present the recent developments in polymer-protein/drug-linked systems. We aim to address questions by assessing the properties of the conjugate system and optimized delivery approaches. Since thorough characterization is the key aspect for technology to enter into the market, correlating laboratory research with commercially available formulations will also be presented in this review. By examining characteristics including morphology, surface properties, and functionalization, we will expand different hybrid applications from a biomaterial stance applied in in vivo complex biological conditions. Further, we explore understanding related to design criteria and strategies for polymer-protein smart nanomedicines with their potential prophylactic theranostic applications. Overall, we intend to highlight protein-drug delivery through multifunctional smart polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Kiran
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Amreen Khan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
- Center for Research in Nanotechnology and Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Suditi Neekhra
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Shubham Pallod
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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29
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Haim A, Neubacher S, Grossmann TN. Protein Macrocyclization for Tertiary Structure Stabilization. Chembiochem 2021; 22:2672-2679. [PMID: 34060202 PMCID: PMC8453710 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Proteins possess unique molecular recognition capabilities and enzymatic activities, features that are usually tied to a particular tertiary structure. To make use of proteins for biotechnological and biomedical purposes, it is often required to enforce their tertiary structure in order to ensure sufficient stability under the conditions inherent to the application of interest. The introduction of intramolecular crosslinks has proven efficient in stabilizing native protein folds. Herein, we give an overview of methods that allow the macrocyclization of expressed proteins, discussing involved reaction mechanisms and structural implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anissa Haim
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesVU University AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Saskia Neubacher
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesVU University AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Incircular B.V.De Boelelaan 11081081 HZAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Tom N. Grossmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesVU University AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life SciencesVU University AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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30
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Zhao Z, Shimon D, Metanis N. Chemoselective Copper-Mediated Modification of Selenocysteines in Peptides and Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12817-12824. [PMID: 34346673 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Highly valuable bioconjugated molecules must be synthesized through efficient, chemoselective chemical modifications of peptides and proteins. Herein, we report the chemoselective modification of peptides and proteins via a reaction between selenocysteine residues and aryl/alkyl radicals. In situ radical generation from hydrazine substrates and copper ions proceeds rapidly in an aqueous buffer at near neutral pH (5-8), providing a variety of Se-modified linear and cyclic peptides and proteins conjugated to aryl and alkyl molecules, and to affinity label tag (biotin). This chemistry opens a new avenue for chemical protein modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguang Zhao
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Daphna Shimon
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Norman Metanis
- Institute of Chemistry, The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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31
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Javaid F, Pilotti C, Camilli C, Kallenberg D, Bahou C, Blackburn J, R Baker J, Greenwood J, Moss SE, Chudasama V. Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) as a novel ADC target. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:1206-1220. [PMID: 34458833 PMCID: PMC8341842 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00104c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) is present abundantly in the microenvironment of many tumours where it contributes to vascular dysfunction, which impedes the delivery of therapeutics. In this work we demonstrate that LRG1 is predominantly a non-internalising protein. We report the development of a novel antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) comprising the anti-LRG1 hinge-stabilised IgG4 monoclonal antibody Magacizumab coupled to the anti-mitotic payload monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) via a cleavable dipeptide linker using the site-selective disulfide rebridging dibromopyridazinedione (diBrPD) scaffold. It is demonstrated that this ADC retains binding post-modification, is stable in serum and effective in in vitro cell studies. We show that the extracellular LRG1-targeting ADC provides an increase in survival in vivo when compared against antibody alone and similar anti-tumour activity when compared against standard chemotherapy, but without undesired side-effects. LRG1 targeting through this ADC presents a novel and effective proof-of-concept en route to improving the efficacy of cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Javaid
- UCL Department of Chemistry 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology 11-43 Bath Street London EC1V 9EL UK
| | - Camilla Pilotti
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology 11-43 Bath Street London EC1V 9EL UK
| | - Carlotta Camilli
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology 11-43 Bath Street London EC1V 9EL UK
| | - David Kallenberg
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology 11-43 Bath Street London EC1V 9EL UK
| | - Calise Bahou
- UCL Department of Chemistry 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Jack Blackburn
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology 11-43 Bath Street London EC1V 9EL UK
| | - James R Baker
- UCL Department of Chemistry 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - John Greenwood
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology 11-43 Bath Street London EC1V 9EL UK
| | - Stephen E Moss
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology 11-43 Bath Street London EC1V 9EL UK
| | - Vijay Chudasama
- UCL Department of Chemistry 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK
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32
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Hayes HC, Luk LYP, Tsai YH. Approaches for peptide and protein cyclisation. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3983-4001. [PMID: 33978044 PMCID: PMC8114279 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00411e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The cyclisation of polypeptides can play a crucial role in exerting biological functions, maintaining stability under harsh conditions and conferring proteolytic resistance, as demonstrated both in nature and in the laboratory. To date, various approaches have been reported for polypeptide cyclisation. These approaches range from the direct linkage of N- and C- termini to the connection of amino acid side chains, which can be applied both in reaction vessels and in living systems. In this review, we categorise the cyclisation approaches into chemical methods (e.g. direct backbone cyclisation, native chemical ligation, aldehyde-based ligations, bioorthogonal reactions, disulphide formation), enzymatic methods (e.g. subtiligase variants, sortases, asparaginyl endopeptidases, transglutaminases, non-ribosomal peptide synthetases) and protein tags (e.g. inteins, engineered protein domains for isopeptide bond formation). The features of each approach and the considerations for selecting an appropriate method of cyclisation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C Hayes
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Louis Y P Luk
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK and Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT.
| | - Yu-Hsuan Tsai
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK and Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China.
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33
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Hu G, Zhong M, Zhao J, Gao H, Gan L, Zhang H, Zhang S, Fang J. Fluorescent Probes for Imaging Protein Disulfides in Live Organisms. ACS Sens 2021; 6:1384-1391. [PMID: 33721991 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cellular redox homeostasis is predominantly controlled by the ratio of thiols and disulfides, and reversible thiol-disulfide exchange reactions are fundamental of the biological redox regulation. However, due to the dynamic exchanges of thiols and disulfides, the detection, especially the in situ detection, of protein disulfides (PDS) is challenging. We employ the strategy, i.e., the increase of emission upon an environment-sensitive dye binding to proteins, to design PDS probes and discover a two-photon probe PDSTP590 (S6) that selectively recognizes PDS in live organisms. With the aid of the probe, we further disclose the elevation of PDS in brains of the mouse stroke model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Miao Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jintao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hao Gao
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shengxiang Zhang
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry & College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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34
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Naowarojna N, Cheng R, Lopez J, Wong C, Qiao L, Liu P. Chemical modifications of proteins and their applications in metalloenzyme studies. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2021; 6:32-49. [PMID: 33665390 PMCID: PMC7897936 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein chemical modifications are important tools for elucidating chemical and biological functions of proteins. Several strategies have been developed to implement these modifications, including enzymatic tailoring reactions, unnatural amino acid incorporation using the expanded genetic codes, and recognition-driven transformations. These technologies have been applied in metalloenzyme studies, specifically in dissecting their mechanisms, improving their enzymatic activities, and creating artificial enzymes with non-natural activities. Herein, we summarize some of the recent efforts in these areas with an emphasis on a few metalloenzyme case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, United States
| | - Christina Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, United States
| | - Lu Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, United States
| | - Pinghua Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, United States
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35
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Le Gall CM, van der Schoot JMS, Ramos-Tomillero I, Khalily MP, van Dalen FJ, Wijfjes Z, Smeding L, van Dalen D, Cammarata A, Bonger KM, Figdor CG, Scheeren FA, Verdoes M. Dual Site-Specific Chemoenzymatic Antibody Fragment Conjugation Using CRISPR-Based Hybridoma Engineering. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:301-310. [PMID: 33476135 PMCID: PMC7898269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Functionalized antibodies
and antibody fragments have found applications
in the fields of biomedical imaging, theranostics, and antibody–drug
conjugates (ADC). In addition, therapeutic and theranostic approaches
benefit from the possibility to deliver more than one type of cargo
to target cells, further challenging stochastic labeling strategies.
Thus, bioconjugation methods to reproducibly obtain defined homogeneous
conjugates bearing multiple different cargo molecules, without compromising
target affinity, are in demand. Here, we describe a straightforward
CRISPR/Cas9-based strategy to rapidly engineer hybridoma cells to
secrete Fab′ fragments bearing two distinct site-specific labeling
motifs, which can be separately modified by two different sortase
A mutants. We show that sequential genetic editing of the heavy chain
(HC) and light chain (LC) loci enables the generation of a stable
cell line that secretes a dual tagged Fab′ molecule (DTFab′),
which can be easily isolated. To demonstrate feasibility, we functionalized
the DTFab′ with two distinct cargos in a site-specific manner.
This technology platform will be valuable in the development of multimodal
imaging agents, theranostics, and next-generation ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille M Le Gall
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan M S van der Schoot
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Iván Ramos-Tomillero
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Institute for Chemical Immunology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Melek Parlak Khalily
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris J van Dalen
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Zacharias Wijfjes
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Institute for Chemical Immunology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Liyan Smeding
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Duco van Dalen
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Cammarata
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly M Bonger
- Institute for Chemical Immunology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Institute for Chemical Immunology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ferenc A Scheeren
- Department of Medical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Verdoes
- Department of Tumour Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Institute for Chemical Immunology, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 28, 6525 GA, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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36
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Kuan SL, Raabe M. Solid-Phase Protein Modifications: Towards Precision Protein Hybrids for Biological Applications. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:94-104. [PMID: 32667697 PMCID: PMC7818443 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proteins have attracted increasing attention as biopharmaceutics and diagnostics due to their high specificity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. The biopharmaceutical sector in particular is experiencing rapid growth, which has led to an increase in the production and sale of protein drugs and diagnostics over the last two decades. Since the first-generation biopharmaceutics dominated by native proteins, both recombinant and chemical technologies have evolved and transformed the outlook of this rapidly developing field. This review article presents updates on the fabrication of covalent and supramolecular fusion hybrids, as well as protein-polymer hybrids using solid-phase approaches that hold great promise for preparing protein hybrids with precise control at the macromolecular level to incorporate additional features. In addition, the applications of the resultant protein hybrids in medicine and diagnostics are highlighted where possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seah Ling Kuan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Marco Raabe
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128MainzGermany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry IUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
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37
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Park J, Lee S, Kim Y, Yoo TH. Methods to generate site-specific conjugates of antibody and protein. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 30:115946. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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38
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Khozeimeh Sarbisheh E, Dewaele-Le Roi G, Shannon WE, Tan S, Xu Y, Zeglis BM, Price EW. DiPODS: A Reagent for Site-Specific Bioconjugation via the Irreversible Rebridging of Disulfide Linkages. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:2789-2806. [PMID: 33210532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemoselective reactions with thiols have long held promise for the site-specific bioconjugation of antibodies and antibody fragments. Yet bifunctional probes bearing monovalent maleimides-long the "gold standard" for thiol-based ligations-are hampered by two intrinsic issues: the in vivo instability of the maleimide-thiol bond and the need to permanently disrupt disulfide linkages in order to facilitate bioconjugation. Herein, we present the synthesis, characterization, and validation of DiPODS, a novel bioconjugation reagent containing a pair of oxadiazolyl methyl sulfone moieties capable of irreversibly forming covalent bonds with two thiolate groups while simultaneously rebridging disulfide linkages. The reagent was synthesized from commercially available starting materials in 8 steps, during which rotamers were encountered and investigated both experimentally and computationally. DiPODS is designed to be modular and can thus be conjugated to any payload through a pendant terminal primary amine (DiPODS-PEG4-NH2). Subsequently, the modification of a HER2-targeting Fab with a fluorescein-conjugated variant of DiPODS (DiPODS-PEG4-FITC) reinforced the site-specificity of the reagent, illustrated its ability to rebridge disulfide linkages, and produced an immunoconjugate with in vitro properties superior to those of an analogous construct created using traditional stochastic bioconjugation techniques. Ultimately, we believe that this work has particularly important implications for the synthesis of immunoconjugates, specifically for ensuring that the attachment of cargoes to immunoglobulins is robust, irreversible, and biologically and structurally benign.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillaume Dewaele-Le Roi
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States.,Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Whitney E Shannon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N-5C9, Canada
| | - Sally Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Yujia Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States
| | - Brian M Zeglis
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10021, United States.,Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Eric W Price
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N-5C9, Canada
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39
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Wu LH, Zhou S, Luo QF, Tian JS, Loh TP. Dichloroacetophenone Derivatives: A Class of Bioconjugation Reagents for Disulfide Bridging. Org Lett 2020; 22:8193-8197. [PMID: 33052688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A mild and biocompatible method for the construction of disulfide bridging in peptides using dichloroacetophenone derivatives is developed. This method is highly selective (chemo, diastereo, regio, etc.) and atom economic and works under biocompatible reaction conditions (metal-free, water, pH 7, rt, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Hai Wu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Shuguang Zhou
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China.,Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of NPU, Taicang, Jiangsu 215400, China
| | - Qun-Feng Luo
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China.,Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of NPU, Taicang, Jiangsu 215400, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Tian
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China.,Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of NPU, Taicang, Jiangsu 215400, China.,Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Teck-Peng Loh
- Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an 710072, China.,Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of NPU, Taicang, Jiangsu 215400, China.,Institute of Advanced Synthesis (IAS), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China.,Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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40
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Cameron AJ, Harris PWR, Brimble MA. On-Resin Preparation of Allenamidyl Peptides: A Versatile Chemoselective Conjugation and Intramolecular Cyclisation Tool. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:18054-18061. [PMID: 32700356 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ability to modify peptides and proteins chemoselectively is of continued interest in medicinal chemistry, with peptide conjugation, lipidation, stapling, and disulfide engineering at the forefront of modern peptide chemistry. Herein we report a robust method for the on-resin preparation of allenamide-modified peptides, an unexplored functionality for peptides that provides a versatile chemical tool for chemoselective inter- or intramolecular bridging reactions with thiols. The bridging reaction is biocompatible, occurring spontaneously at pH 7.4 in catalyst-free aqueous media. By this "click" approach, a model peptide was successfully modified with a diverse range of alkyl and aryl thiols. Furthermore, this technique was demonstrated as a valuable tool to induce spontaneous intramolecular cyclisation by preparation of an oxytocin analogue, in which the native disulfide bridge was replaced with a vinyl sulfide moiety formed by thia-Michael addition of a cysteine thiol to the allenamide handle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan J Cameron
- School of Chemical Sciences and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Paul W R Harris
- School of Chemical Sciences and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences and School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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41
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Cameron AJ, Harris PWR, Brimble MA. On‐Resin Preparation of Allenamidyl Peptides: A Versatile Chemoselective Conjugation and Intramolecular Cyclisation Tool. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan J. Cameron
- School of Chemical Sciences and School of Biological Sciences The University of Auckland 23 Symonds St Auckland 1142 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery The University of Auckland Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Paul W. R. Harris
- School of Chemical Sciences and School of Biological Sciences The University of Auckland 23 Symonds St Auckland 1142 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery The University of Auckland Auckland 1142 New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences and School of Biological Sciences The University of Auckland 23 Symonds St Auckland 1142 New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery The University of Auckland Auckland 1142 New Zealand
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42
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Xu L, Raabe M, Zegota MM, Nogueira JCF, Chudasama V, Kuan SL, Weil T. Site-selective protein modification via disulfide rebridging for fast tetrazine/trans-cyclooctene bioconjugation. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:1140-1147. [PMID: 31971218 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02687h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An inverse electron demand Diels-Alder reaction between tetrazine and trans-cyclooctene (TCO) holds great promise for protein modification and manipulation. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a tetrazine-based disulfide rebridging reagent, which allows the site-selective installation of a tetrazine group into disulfide-containing peptides and proteins such as the hormone somatostatin (SST) and the antigen binding fragment (Fab) of human immunoglobulin G (IgG). The fast and efficient conjugation of the tetrazine modified proteins with three different TCO-containing substrates to form a set of bioconjugates in a site-selective manner was successfully demonstrated for the first time. Homogeneous, well-defined bioconjugates were obtained underlining the great potential of our method for fast bioconjugation in emerging protein therapeutics. The formed bioconjugates were stable against glutathione and in serum, and they maintained their secondary structure. With this work, we broaden the scope of tetrazine chemistry for site-selective protein modification to prepare well-defined SST and Fab conjugates with preserved structures and good stability under biologically relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujuan Xu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany. and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Marco Raabe
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany. and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Maksymilian M Zegota
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany. and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Vijay Chudasama
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Seah Ling Kuan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany. and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany. and Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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43
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Marques AC, Costa PJ, Velho S, Amaral MH. Functionalizing nanoparticles with cancer-targeting antibodies: A comparison of strategies. J Control Release 2020; 320:180-200. [PMID: 31978444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Standard cancer therapies sometimes fail to deliver chemotherapeutic drugs to tumor cells in a safe and effective manner. Nanotechnology takes the lead in providing new therapeutic options for cancer due to major potential for selective targeting and controlled drug release. Antibodies and antibody fragments are attracting much attention as a source of targeting ligands to bind specific receptors that are overexpressed on cancer cells. Therefore, researchers are devoting time and effort to develop targeting strategies based on nanoparticles functionalized with antibodies, which hold great promise to enhance therapeutic efficacy and circumvent severe side effects. Several methods have been described to immobilize antibodies on the surface of nanoparticles. However, selecting the most appropriate for each application is challenging but also imperative to preserve antigen binding ability and yield stable antibody-conjugated nanoparticles. From this perspective, we aim to provide considerable knowledge on the most widely used methods of functionalization that can be helpful for decision-making and design of conjugation protocols as well. This review summarizes adsorption, covalent conjugation (carbodiimide, maleimide and "click" chemistries) and biotin-avidin interaction, while discussing the advantages, limitations and relevant therapeutic approaches currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Marques
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto (FFUP), R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - P J Costa
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto (FFUP), R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - S Velho
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, R. Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IPATIMUP - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, R. Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - M H Amaral
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, MEDTECH, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto (FFUP), R. Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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44
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Zhao L, Bai F, Chen F, Guo M, Gan L, Zhang H, Fang J. A β-allyl carbamate fluorescent probe for vicinal dithiol proteins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2857-2860. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc09841k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented β-allyl carbamate fluorescent probe for vicinal dithiol proteins (VDPs) was developed. The favourable properties of the probe make it a useful tool for tracing the global changes of VDPs in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanning Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Feifei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Fan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Menghuan Guo
- School of Pharmacy Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Radiation Medicine
- Institute of Modern Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Medicine
- Institute of Modern Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
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45
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Li Y, Xin F, Hu J, Jagdale S, Davis TP, Hagemeyer CE, Qiao R. Functionalization of NaGdF4 nanoparticles with a dibromomaleimide-terminated polymer for MR/optical imaging of thrombosis. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01568j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A thrombosis-targeted molecular imaging probe with magnetic resonance (MR) and optical dual-modality capacity using dibromomaleimide (DBM)-bearing polymer-grafted NaGdF4 nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Li
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Fangyun Xin
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Jinming Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
| | - Shweta Jagdale
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Christoph E. Hagemeyer
- Nanobiotechnology Laboratory
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases
- Monash University
- Melbourne
- Australia
| | - Ruirui Qiao
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Monash University
- Parkville
- Australia
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46
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Arisawa M, Fukumoto K, Yamaguchi M. Rhodium-catalyzed phosphorylation reaction of water-soluble disulfides using hypodiphosphoric acid tetraalkyl esters in water. RSC Adv 2020; 10:13820-13823. [PMID: 35492965 PMCID: PMC9051538 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02377a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RhCl3catalyzed the phosphorylation reaction of water-soluble disulfides, including unprotected glutathione disulfide, with hypodiphosphoric acid tetraalkyl esters in homogeneous water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mieko Arisawa
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Kohei Fukumoto
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
| | - Masahiko Yamaguchi
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Tohoku University
- Sendai
- Japan
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47
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Nielsen T, Märcher A, Drobňáková Z, Hučko M, Štengl M, Balšánek V, Wiberg C, Nielsen PF, Nielsen TE, Gothelf KV, Cló E. Disulphide-mediated site-directed modification of proteins. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4717-4722. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00861c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Site-directed addition of a single thiols handle to proteins by means of temporary disulphide rebridging of solvent exposed disulphides is obtained with a new labelling reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorbjørn Nielsen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center
- and the Dept. of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- 8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Anders Märcher
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center
- and the Dept. of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- 8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kurt V. Gothelf
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center
- and the Dept. of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- 8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
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48
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Guaresti O, Crocker L, Palomares T, Alonso-Varona A, Eceiza A, Fruk L, Gabilondo N. Light-driven assembly of biocompatible fluorescent chitosan hydrogels with self-healing ability. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:9804-9811. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01746a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrile imine-mediated tetrazole-ene cycloaddition (NITEC) was successfully used to cross-link complementary tetrazole and maleimide chitosan derivatives into hydrogel networks using irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olatz Guaresti
- ‘Materials + Technologies’ Group
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Engineering College of Gipuzkoa
- University of the Basque Country
- 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián
| | - Leander Crocker
- BioNano Engineering Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- University of Cambridge
- West Cambridge Site
- Cambridge
| | - Teodoro Palomares
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry
- University of the Basque Country
- 48940 Leioa
- Spain
| | - Ana Alonso-Varona
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry
- University of the Basque Country
- 48940 Leioa
- Spain
| | - Arantxa Eceiza
- ‘Materials + Technologies’ Group
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Engineering College of Gipuzkoa
- University of the Basque Country
- 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián
| | - Ljiljana Fruk
- BioNano Engineering Group
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- University of Cambridge
- West Cambridge Site
- Cambridge
| | - Nagore Gabilondo
- ‘Materials + Technologies’ Group
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Engineering College of Gipuzkoa
- University of the Basque Country
- 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián
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49
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Mangini V, Maggi V, Trianni A, Melle F, De Luca E, Pennetta A, Del Sole R, Ventura G, Cataldi TRI, Fiammengo R. Directional Immobilization of Proteins on Gold Nanoparticles Is Essential for Their Biological Activity: Leptin as a Case Study. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 31:74-81. [PMID: 31851492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanomaterials hold great potential for biomedical applications. While this field is evolving rapidly, little attention has been paid to precise nanoparticle design and functionalization. Here, we show that when using proteins as targeting moieties, it is fundamental to immobilize them directionally to preserve their biological activity. Using full-length leptin as a case study, we have developed two alternative conjugation strategies for protein immobilization based on either a site-selective or a nonselective derivatization approach. We show that only nanoparticles with leptin immobilized site-selectively fully retain the ability to interact with the cognate leptin receptor. These results demonstrate the importance of a specified molecular design when preparing nanoparticles labeled with proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Mangini
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UniLe , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Via Barsanti , 73010 Arnesano, Lecce , Italy
| | - Vito Maggi
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UniLe , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Via Barsanti , 73010 Arnesano, Lecce , Italy.,Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione , Università del Salento , Via per Monteroni Km 1 , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Alberta Trianni
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UniLe , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Via Barsanti , 73010 Arnesano, Lecce , Italy
| | - Francesca Melle
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UniLe , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Via Barsanti , 73010 Arnesano, Lecce , Italy
| | - Elisa De Luca
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UniLe , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Via Barsanti , 73010 Arnesano, Lecce , Italy
| | - Antonio Pennetta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione , Università del Salento , Via per Monteroni Km 1 , 73100 Lecce , Italy.,Dipartimento di Beni Culturali , Università del Salento , Via Dalmazio Birago 64 , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Roberta Del Sole
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione , Università del Salento , Via per Monteroni Km 1 , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Giovanni Ventura
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , via Orabona 4 , 70126 Bari , Italy
| | - Tommaso R I Cataldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica , Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , via Orabona 4 , 70126 Bari , Italy.,Centro Interdipartimentale SMART , Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro , via Orabona 4 , 70126 Bari , Italy
| | - Roberto Fiammengo
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies@UniLe , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) , Via Barsanti , 73010 Arnesano, Lecce , Italy
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50
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Hu G, Jia H, Zhao L, Cho DH, Fang J. Small molecule fluorescent probes of protein vicinal dithiols. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2019.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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