1
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Li Z, Sun A, Wang X, Abulimiti M, Li Z, Li Z. Synthesis and bioactivity evaluation of mirror isomer salidroside derivatives as potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. Carbohydr Res 2024; 542:109174. [PMID: 38865798 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
A series of derivatives of salidroside with mirror isomer glucose and different phenyl moieties were synthesized by Schmidt glycosylation in satisfactory yields, and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated by using LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. One of the synthesized derivatives ʟ-Sal-4, bearing ʟ-glycosyl and -OMe modification at the phenyl ring, exhibited high activity in inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress biomarker MDA as well as in enhancing the activity of SOD enzyme, compared with the natural product and its corresponding ᴅ-enantiomer. Further proteomic analysis suggested that ʟ-Sal-4 exerted its anti-inflammatory activity through metabolic reprogramming. The in vitro activity showed that ʟ-Sal-4 is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Our finding indicated that the ʟ-glucose-derived salidroside might be a promising lead compound in the development of salidroside derivatives as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipeng Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Ao Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Munila Abulimiti
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Zhongtang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China
| | - Zhongjun Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Ningbo Institute of Marine Medicine, Peking University, Ningbo, 315832, PR China.
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2
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Abstract
Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes form a vast family of molecules characterized by their finely tuned photochemical and photophysical properties. Their ability to undergo excited-state deactivation via photosubstitution reactions makes them quite unique in inorganic photochemistry. As a consequence, they have been used, in general, for building dynamic molecular systems responsive to light but, more particularly, in the field of oncology, as prodrugs for a new cancer treatment modality called photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT). Indeed, the ability of a coordination bond to be selectively broken under visible light irradiation offers fascinating perspectives in oncology: it is possible to make poorly toxic agents in the dark that become activated toward cancer cell killing by simple visible light irradiation of the compound inside a tumor. In this Perspective, we review the most important concepts behind the PACT idea, the relationship between ruthenium compounds used for PACT and those used for a related phototherapeutic approach called photodynamic therapy (PDT), and we discuss important questions about real-life applications of PACT in the clinic. We conclude this Perspective with important challenges in the field and an outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands
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3
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Vinck R, Dömötör O, Karges J, Jakubaszek M, Seguin J, Tharaud M, Guérineau V, Cariou K, Mignet N, Enyedy ÉA, Gasser G. In Situ Bioconjugation of a Maleimide-Functionalized Ruthenium-Based Photosensitizer to Albumin for Photodynamic Therapy. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:15510-15526. [PMID: 37708255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Maleimide-containing prodrugs can quickly and selectively react with circulating serum albumin following their injection in the bloodstream. The drug-albumin complex then benefits from longer blood circulation times and better tumor accumulation. Herein, we have applied this strategy to a previously reported highly phototoxic Ru polypyridyl complex-based photosensitizer to increase its accumulation at the tumor, reduce off-target cytotoxicity, and therefore improve its pharmacological profile. Specifically, two complexes were synthesized bearing a maleimide group: one complex with the maleimide directly incorporated into the bipyridyl ligand, and the other has a hydrophilic linker between the ligand and the maleimide group. Their interaction with albumin was studied in-depth, revealing their ability to efficiently bind both covalently and noncovalently to the plasma protein. A crucial finding is that the maleimide-functionalized complexes exhibited significantly lower cytotoxicity in noncancerous cells under dark conditions compared to the nonfunctionalized complex, which is a highly desirable property for a photosensitizer. The binding to albumin also led to a decrease in the phototoxicity of the Ru bioconjugates in comparison to the nonfunctionalized complex, probably due to a decreased cellular uptake. Unfortunately, this decrease in phototoxicity was not compensated by a dramatic increase in tumor accumulation, as was demonstrated in a tumor-bearing mouse model using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) studies. Consequently, this study provides valuable insight into the future design of in situ albumin-binding complexes for photodynamic therapy in order to maximize their effectiveness and realize their full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Vinck
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Orsolya Dömötör
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, Department of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7. H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Johannes Karges
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Marta Jakubaszek
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Johanne Seguin
- Université Paris Cité, UTCBS, INSERM, CNRS, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Mickaël Tharaud
- Biogéochimie à l'Anthropocène des Eléments et Contaminants Emergents, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Guérineau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Kevin Cariou
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- Université Paris Cité, UTCBS, INSERM, CNRS, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Éva A Enyedy
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, Department of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7. H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, F-75005 Paris, France
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4
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Bresciani G, Boni S, Funaioli T, Zacchini S, Pampaloni G, Busto N, Biver T, Marchetti F. Adding Diversity to a Diruthenium Biscyclopentadienyl Scaffold via Alkyne Incorporation: Synthesis and Biological Studies. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:12453-12467. [PMID: 37478132 PMCID: PMC10410612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and the assessment of the anticancer potential of two series of diruthenium biscyclopentadienyl carbonyl complexes. Novel dimetallacyclopentenone compounds (2-4) were obtained (45-92% yields) from the thermal reaction (PhCCPh exchange) of [Ru2Cp2(CO)(μ-CO){μ-η1:η3-C(Ph)═C(Ph)C(═O)}], 1, with alkynes HCCR [R = C5H4FeCp (Fc), 3-C6H4(Asp), 2-naphthyl; Cp = η5-C5H5, Asp = OC(O)-2-C6H4C(O)Me]. Protonation of 1-3 by HBF4 afforded the corresponding μ-alkenyl derivatives 5-7, in 40-86% yields. All products were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy; moreover, cyclic voltammetry (1, 2, 5, 7) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (5, 7) analyses were performed on representative compounds. Complexes 5-7 revealed a cytotoxic activity comparable to that of cisplatin in A549 (lung adenocarcinoma), SW480 (colon adenocarcinoma), and ovarian (A2780) cancer cell lines, and 2, 5, 6, and 7 overcame cisplatin resistance in A2780cis cells. Complexes 2, 5, and 7 (but not the aspirin derivative 6) induced an increase in intracellular ROS levels. Otherwise, 6 strongly stabilizes and elongates natural DNA (from calf thymus, CT-DNA), suggesting a possible intercalation binding mode, whereas 5 is less effective in binding CT-DNA, and 7 is ineffective. This trend is reversed concerning RNA, and in particular, 7 is able to bind poly(rA)poly(rU) showing selectivity for this nucleic acid. Complexes 5-7 can interact with the albumin protein with a thermodynamic signature dominated by hydrophobic interactions. Overall, we show that organometallic species based on the Ru2Cp2(CO)x scaffold (x = 2, 3) are active against cancer cells, with different incorporated fragments influencing the interactions with nucleic acids and the production of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Bresciani
- University
of Pisa, Dipartimento di
Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Boni
- University
of Pisa, Dipartimento di
Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Tiziana Funaioli
- University
of Pisa, Dipartimento di
Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Zacchini
- University
of Bologna, Dipartimento di
Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”, Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- University
of Pisa, Dipartimento di
Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Natalia Busto
- University
of Burgos, Departamento de
Química, Plaza
Misael Bañuelos s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain
| | - Tarita Biver
- University
of Pisa, Dipartimento di
Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- University
of Pisa, Dipartimento di
Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi 13, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
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5
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Karges J. Encapsulation of Ru(II) Polypyridine Complexes for Tumor-Targeted Anticancer Therapy. BME FRONTIERS 2023; 4:0024. [PMID: 37849670 PMCID: PMC10392611 DOI: 10.34133/bmef.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ru(II) polypyridine complexes have attracted much attention as anticancer agents because of their unique photophysical, photochemical, and biological properties. Despite their promising therapeutic profile, the vast majority of compounds are associated with poor water solubility and poor cancer selectivity. Among the different strategies employed to overcome these pharmacological limitations, many research efforts have been devoted to the physical or covalent encapsulation of the Ru(II) polypyridine complexes into nanoparticles. This article highlights recent developments in the design, preparation, and physicochemical properties of Ru(II) polypyridine complex-loaded nanoparticles for their potential application in anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Karges
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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6
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Wei F, Chen Z, Shen XC, Ji L, Chao H. Recent progress in metal complexes functionalized nanomaterials for photodynamic therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37184685 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01355c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Metal complexes have shown promise as photosensitizers for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. However, the vast majority of metal photosensitizers are not ideal and associated with several limitations including pharmacokinetic limitations, off-target toxicity, fast systemic clearance, poor membrane permeability, and hypoxic tumour microenvironments. Metal complex functionalized nanomaterials have the potential to construct multifunctional systems, which not only overcome the above defects of metal complexes but are also conducive to modulating the tumour microenvironment (TME) and employing combination therapies to boost photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy. In this review, we first introduce the current challenges of photodynamic therapy and summarize the recent research strategies (such as metal coordination bonds, self-assembly, π-π stacking, physisorption, and so on) used for preparing metal complexes functionalized nanomaterials in the application of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangmian Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, MOE Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.
| | - Zhuoli Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Xing-Can Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, MOE Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China.
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digestive Cancer Research, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China.
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7
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Chen J, Liu X, Zheng G, Feng W, Wang P, Gao J, Liu J, Wang M, Wang Q. Detection of Glucose Based on Noble Metal Nanozymes: Mechanism, Activity Regulation, and Enantioselective Recognition. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205924. [PMID: 36509680 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Glucose monitoring is essential to evaluate the degree of glucose metabolism disorders. The enzymatic determination has been the most widely used method in glucose detection because of its high efficiency, accuracy, and sensitivity. Noble metal nanomaterials (NMs, i.e., Au, Ag, Pt, and Pd), inheriting their excellent electronic, optical, and enzyme-like properties, are classified as noble metal nanozymes (NMNZs). As the NMNZs are often involved in two series of reactions, the oxidation of glucose and the chromogenic reaction of peroxide, here the chemical mechanism by employing NMNZs with glucose oxidase (GOx) and peroxidase (POD) mimicking activities is briefly summarized first. Subsequently, the regulation strategies of the GOx-like, POD-like and tandem enzyme-like activities of NMNZs are presented in detail, including the materials, size, morphology, composition, and the reaction condition of the representative NMs. In addition, in order to further mimic the enantioselectivity of enzyme, the design of NMNZs with enantioselective recognition of d-glucose and l-glucose by using different chiral compounds (DNA, amino acids, and cyclodextrins) and molecular imprinting is further described in this review. Finally, the feasible solutions to the existing challenges and a vision for future development possibilities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Guangchao Zheng
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Pan Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Jian Gao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Jianbo Liu
- College of Opto-electronic Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277160, China
| | - Mingzhe Wang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qingyuan Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610000, China
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8
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Recent advances on organelle specific Ru(II)/Ir(III)/Re(I) based complexes for photodynamic therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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9
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Munegowda MA, Manalac A, Weersink M, Cole HD, McFarland SA, Lilge L. Ru(II) CONTAINING PHOTOSENSITIZERS FOR PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY: A CRITIQUE ON REPORTING AND AN ATTEMPT TO COMPARE EFFICACY. Coord Chem Rev 2022; 470:214712. [PMID: 36686369 PMCID: PMC9850455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium(II)-based coordination complexes have emerged as photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) in oncology as well as antimicrobial indications and have great potential. Their modular architectures that integrate multiple ligands can be exploited to tune cellular uptake and subcellular targeting, solubility, light absorption, and other photophysical properties. A wide range of Ru(II) containing compounds have been reported as PSs for PDT or as photochemotherapy (PCT) agents. Many studies employ a common scaffold that is subject to systematic variation in one or two ligands to elucidate the impact of these modifications on the photophysical and photobiological performance. Studies that probe the excited state energies and dynamics within these molecules are of fundamental interest and are used to design next-generation systems. However, a comparison of the PDT efficacy between Ru(II) containing PSs and 1st or 2nd generation PSs, already in clinical use or preclinical/clinical studies, is rare. Even comparisons between Ru(II) containing molecular structures are difficult, given the wide range of excitation wavelengths, power densities, and cell lines utilized. Despite this gap, PDT dose metrics quantifying a PS's efficacy are available to perform qualitative comparisons. Such models are independent of excitation wavelength and are based on common outcome parameters, such as the photon density absorbed by the Ru(II) compound to cause 50% cell kill (LD50) based on the previously established threshold model. In this focused photophysical review, we identified all published studies on Ru(II) containing PSs since 2005 that reported the required photophysical, light treatment, and in vitro outcome data to permit the application of the Photodynamic Threshold Model to quantify their potential efficacy. The resulting LD50 values range from less than 1013 to above 1020 [hν cm-3], indicating a wide range in PDT efficacy and required optical energy density for ultimate clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelica Manalac
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dept Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada
| | - Madrigal Weersink
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Houston D. Cole
- Dept of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas
at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Sherri A. McFarland
- Dept of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas
at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Lothar Lilge
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dept Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada
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10
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Zhang C, Kang T, Wang X, Song J, Zhang J, Li G. Stimuli-responsive platinum and ruthenium complexes for lung cancer therapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1035217. [PMID: 36324675 PMCID: PMC9618881 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1035217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. More efficient treatments are desperately needed. For decades, the success of platinum-based anticancer drugs has promoted the exploration of metal-based agents. Four ruthenium-based complexes have also entered clinical trials as candidates of anticancer metallodrugs. However, systemic toxicity, severe side effects and drug-resistance impeded their applications and efficacy. Stimuli-responsiveness of Pt- and Ru-based complexes provide a great chance to weaken the side effects and strengthen the clinical efficacy in drug design. This review provides an overview on the stimuli-responsive Pt- and Ru-based metallic anticancer drugs for lung cancer. They are categorized as endo-stimuli-responsive, exo-stimuli-responsive, and dual-stimuli-responsive prodrugs based on the nature of stimuli. We describe various representative examples of structure, response mechanism, and potential medical applications in lung cancer. In the end, we discuss the future opportunities and challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- The Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tong Kang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- The Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaqi Song
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- The Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Jia Zhang, ; Guanying Li,
| | - Guanying Li
- Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Jia Zhang, ; Guanying Li,
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11
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Combination of light and Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes: Recent advances in the development of new anticancer drugs. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Chen M, Gong N, Sun W, Han J, Liu Y, Zhang S, Zheng A, Butt HJ, Liang XJ, Wu S. Red-Light-Responsive Metallopolymer Nanocarriers with Conjugated and Encapsulated Drugs for Phototherapy Against Multidrug-Resistant Tumors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201672. [PMID: 35665442 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It is challenging to treat multidrug-resistant tumors because such tumors are resistant to a broad spectrum of structurally and functionally unrelated drugs. Herein, treatment of multidrug-resistant tumors using red-light-responsive metallopolymer nanocarriers that are conjugated with the anticancer drug chlorambucil (CHL) and encapsulated with the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) is reported. An amphiphilic metallopolymer PolyRuCHL that contains a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) block and a red-light-responsive ruthenium (Ru)-containing block is synthesized. Chlorambucil is covalently conjugated to the Ru moieties of PolyRuCHL. Encapsulation of DOX into PolyRuCHL in an aqueous solution results in DOX@PolyRuCHL micelles. The DOX@PolyRuCHL micelles are efficiently taken up by the multidrug-resistant breast cancer cell line MCF-7R and which carries DOX into the cells. Free DOX, without the nanocarriers, is not taken up by MCF-7R or pumped out of MCF-7R via P-glycoproteins. Red light irradiation of DOX@PolyRuCHL micelles triggers the release of chlorambucil-conjugated Ru moieties and DOX. Both act synergistically to inhibit the growth of multidrug-resistant cancer cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of the growth of multidrug-resistant tumors in a mouse model using DOX@PolyRuCHL micelles is demonstrated. The design of red-light-responsive metallopolymer nanocarriers with both conjugated and encapsulated drugs opens up an avenue for photoactivated chemotherapy against multidrug-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjia Chen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ningqiang Gong
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Jianxiong Han
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yuanli Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Shouwen Zhang
- Neurophysiology Department, Beijing ChaoYang Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, 100122, China
| | - Aiping Zheng
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Hans-Jürgen Butt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience and CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Si Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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13
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Toupin N, Herroon MK, Thummel RP, Turro C, Podgorski I, Gibson H, Kodanko JJ. Metalloimmunotherapy with Rhodium and Ruthenium Complexes: Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104430. [PMID: 35235227 PMCID: PMC9541094 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) suppress the cancer immune response and are a key target for immunotherapy. The effects of ruthenium and rhodium complexes on TAMs have not been well characterized. To address this gap in the field, a panel of 22 dirhodium and ruthenium complexes were screened against three subtypes of macrophages, triple-negative breast cancer and normal breast tissue cells. Experiments were carried out in 2D and biomimetic 3D co-culture experiments with and without irradiation with blue light. Leads were identified with cell-type-specific toxicity toward macrophage subtypes, cancer cells, or both. Experiments with 3D spheroids revealed complexes that sensitized the tumor models to the chemotherapeutic doxorubicin. Cell surface exposure of calreticulin, a known facilitator of immunogenic cell death (ICD), was increased upon treatment, along with a concomitant reduction in the M2-subtype classifier arginase. Our findings lay a strong foundation for the future development of ruthenium- and rhodium-based chemotherapies targeting TAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Toupin
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mackenzie K Herroon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Randolph P Thummel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5003, USA
| | - Claudia Turro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Izabela Podgorski
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - Heather Gibson
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
| | - Jeremy J Kodanko
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
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14
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Jiang J, Cao B, Chen Y, Luo H, Xue J, Xiong X, Zou T. Alkylgold(III) Complexes Undergo Unprecedented Photo-Induced β-Hydride Elimination and Reduction for Targeted Cancer Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201103. [PMID: 35165986 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Spatiotemporally controllable activation of prodrugs within tumors is highly desirable for cancer therapy to minimize toxic side effects. Herein we report that stable alkylgold(III) complexes can undergo unprecedented photo-induced β-hydride elimination, releasing alkyl ligands and forming gold(III)-hydride intermediates that could be quickly converted into bioactive [AuIII -S] adducts; meanwhile, the remaining alkylgold(III) complexes can photo-catalytically reduce [AuIII -S] into more bioactive AuI species. Such photo-reactivities make it possible to functionalize gold complexes on the auxiliary alkyl ligands without attenuating the metal-biomacromolecule interactions. As a result, the gold(III) complexes containing glucose-functionalized alkyl ligands displayed efficient and tumor-selective uptake; notably, after one- or two-photon activation, the complexes exhibited high thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) inhibition, potent cytotoxicity, and strong antiangiogenesis and antitumor activities in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Bei Cao
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, and General Education Division, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Hejiang Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiaying Xue
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Xiong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Taotao Zou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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15
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Jiang J, Cao B, Chen Y, Luo H, Xue J, Xiong X, Zou T. Alkylgold(III) Complexes Undergo Unprecedented Photo‐Induced β‐Hydride Elimination and Reduction for Targeted Cancer Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Bei Cao
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology and General Education Division The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen 518172 P. R. China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Hejiang Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Jiaying Xue
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Xiong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Taotao Zou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
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16
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Karges J. Klinische Entwicklung von Metallkomplexen als Photosensibilisatoren für die photodynamische Therapie von Krebs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202112236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Karges
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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17
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Mu X, Wang D, Lu S, Zhou L, Wei S. Improved Photodynamic Activity of Phthalocyanine by Adjusting the Chirality of Modified Amino Acids. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:115-123. [PMID: 34927440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Herein, four zinc phthalocyanines (ZnPcs) with chiral lysine modification were synthesized. We found that the chirality of lysine and the chiral structure position strongly influence the properties of ZnPcs. Among the four ZnPcs, d-lysine-modified ZnPc through -NH2 on Cε [denoted N(ε)-d-lys-ZnPc] showed superior properties, including tumor enrichment, cancer cell uptake, and tumor retention capability, compared to the other three ZnPcs. Thus, chiral molecule modification is a simple and effective strategy to regulate the abovementioned properties to achieve a satisfactory antitumor outcome of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Mu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Dongxin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shan Lu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shaohua Wei
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bio-functional Materials, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre of Biomedical Functional Materials, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224051, China
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18
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Photoactivable Ruthenium-Based Coordination Polymer Nanoparticles for Light-Induced Chemotherapy. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11113089. [PMID: 34835853 PMCID: PMC8617783 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Green light photoactive Ru-based coordination polymer nanoparticles (CPNs), with chemical formula [[Ru(biqbpy)]1.5(bis)](PF6)3 (biqbpy = 6,6'-bis[N-(isoquinolyl)-1-amino]-2,2'-bipyridine; bis = bis(imidazol-1-yl)-hexane), were obtained through polymerization of the trans-[Ru(biqbpy)(dmso)Cl]Cl complex (Complex 1) and bis bridging ligands. The as-synthesized CPNs (50 ± 12 nm diameter) showed high colloidal and chemical stability in physiological solutions. The axial bis(imidazole) ligands coordinated to the ruthenium center were photosubstituted by water upon light irradiation in aqueous medium to generate the aqueous substituted and active ruthenium complexes. The UV-Vis spectral variations observed for the suspension upon irradiation corroborated the photoactivation of the CPNs, while High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) of irradiated particles in physiological media allowed for the first time precisely quantifying the amount of photoreleased complex from the polymeric material. In vitro studies with A431 and A549 cancer cell lines revealed an 11-fold increased uptake for the nanoparticles compared to the monomeric complex [Ru(biqbpy)(N-methylimidazole)2](PF6)2 (Complex 2). After irradiation (520 nm, 39.3 J/cm2), the CPNs yielded up to a two-fold increase in cytotoxicity compared to the same CPNs kept in the dark, indicating a selective effect by light irradiation. Meanwhile, the absence of 1O2 production from both nanostructured and monomeric prodrugs concluded that light-induced cell death is not caused by a photodynamic effect but rather by photoactivated chemotherapy.
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19
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Karges J. Clinical Development of Metal Complexes as Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202112236. [PMID: 34748690 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202112236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has emerged over the last decades as one of the deadliest diseases in the world. Among the most commonly used techniques (i.e. surgery, immunotherapy, radiotherapy or chemotherapy), increasing attention has been devoted towards photodynamic therapy. However, the vast majority of clinically applied photosensitizers are not ideal and associated with several limitations including poor aqueous solubility, poor photostability and slow clearance from the body, causing photosensitivity. In an effort to overcome these drawbacks, much attention has been devoted towards the incorporation of a metal ion. Herein, the clinical development of metal-containing compounds including Purlytin® , Lutrin® /Antrin® , Photosens® , TOOKAD® soluble or TLD-1433 is critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Karges
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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20
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Estalayo-Adrián S, Blasco S, Bright SA, McManus GJ, Orellana G, Williams DC, Kelly JM, Gunnlaugsson T. Effect of Alkyl Chain Length on the Photophysical, Photochemical, and Photobiological Properties of Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complexes for Their Application as DNA-Targeting, Cellular-Imaging, and Light-Activated Therapeutic Agents. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6664-6681. [PMID: 35006970 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A family of six Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes (1-6) which contain phenanthroline-based ligands functionalized with alkyl chains of different lengths (one methyl group, 10 and 21 carbon alkyl chains) and either 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) or 1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene (TAP) as ancillary ligands have been synthesized and characterized. The influence of the alkyl chain length on their photophysical and photochemical properties as well as in their photobiological applications has been elucidated by monitoring the changes in their MLCT-centered absorption and emission bands. The presence of one methyl group or 10 carbon alkyl chains does not seem to significantly affect the photophysical and photochemical properties of the resulting Ru(II) complexes when compared to the well-known [Ru(phen)3]2+ and [Ru(TAP)2phen]2+. However, an effect on their emission properties and in their ability to photosensitize singlet oxygen is observed for the Ru(II) complexes containing 21 carbon alkyl chains. The binding of these complexes to salmon testes DNA (stDNA) was investigated by observing the changes in the photophysical properties. Complexes 1, 2, 4, and 5 all showed changes in their MLCT bands that could be analyzed using conventional fitting methods, such as the Bard equation. In contrast, complexes 3 and 6, possessing long aliphatic chains, gave rise to nonclassic behavior. In addition to these analyses, both thermal denaturation and circular dichroism studies of 1-6 were carried out in the presence of stDNA which confirmed that these complexes bind to DNA. Confocal microscopy and viability studies in HeLa cervical cancer cells reveal an alkyl chain-length dependence on the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of the resulting Ru(II) complexes due to an enhancement of their lipophilicity with increasing alkyl chain length. Thus, complexes containing 10 and 21 carbon alkyl chains are rapidly taken up into HeLa cells and, in particular, those with 21 carbon alkyl chains show a significant phototoxicity against the same cell line. Therefore, this study provides further insight into the possible modulation of the photophysical, photochemical, and photobiological properties of Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes by varying the length of the alkyl chains attached to the polypyridyl ligands coordinated to the Ru(II) center and the nature of the auxiliary groups, which we show has a significant effect on photophysical and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Estalayo-Adrián
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Salvador Blasco
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sandra A Bright
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Gavin J McManus
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Guillermo Orellana
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Clive Williams
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - John M Kelly
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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21
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Karges J, Díaz-García D, Prashar S, Gómez-Ruiz S, Gasser G. Ru(II) Polypyridine Complex-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as Photosensitizers for Cancer Targeted Photodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:4394-4405. [PMID: 35006851 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death in the developed world. In the last few decades, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has augmented the number of medical techniques to treat this disease in the clinics. As the pharmacological active species to kill cancer cells are only generated upon light irradiation, PDT is associated with an intrinsic first level of selectivity. However, since PDT agents also accumulate in the surrounding, healthy tissue and since it is practically very challenging to only expose the tumor site to light, some side effects can be observed. Consequently, there is a need for a selective drug delivery system, which would give a second level of selectivity. In this work, a dual tumor targeting approach is presented based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles, which act by the enhanced permeability and retention effect, and the conjugation to folic acid, which acts as a targeting moiety for folate receptor-overexpressed cancer cells. The conjugates were found to be nontoxic in noncancerous human normal lung fibroblast cells while showing a phototoxic effect upon irradiation at 480 or 540 nm in the low nanomolar range in folate receptor overexpressing cancerous human ovarian carcinoma cells, demonstrating their potential for cancer targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Karges
- Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, PSL University, Paris 75005, France
| | - Diana Díaz-García
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, Madrid E-28933, Spain
| | - Sanjiv Prashar
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, Madrid E-28933, Spain
| | - Santiago Gómez-Ruiz
- COMET-NANO Group, Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, ESCET, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, Madrid E-28933, Spain
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, PSL University, Paris 75005, France
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22
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23
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Karges J, Tharaud M, Gasser G. Polymeric Encapsulation of a Ru(II)-Based Photosensitizer for Folate-Targeted Photodynamic Therapy of Drug Resistant Cancers. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4612-4622. [PMID: 33818111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The currently used photodynamic therapy (PDT) photosensitizers (PSs) are generally associated with a poor cancer cell selectivity, which is responsible for some undesirable side effects. To overcome these problems, there is an urgent need for a selective drug delivery system for PDT PSs. Herein, the encapsulation of a promising Ru(II) polypyridine complex in a polymer with terminal folate groups to form nanoparticles is presented. While the Ru(II) complex itself has a cytotoxic effect in the dark, the encapsulation is able to overcome this drawback. Upon light exposure, the nanoparticles were found to be highly phototoxic in 2D monolayer cells as well as 3D multicellular tumor spheroids upon 480 or 595 nm irradiation. Importantly, the nanoparticles demonstrated a high selectivity for cancerous cells over noncancerous cells and were found to be active in drug resistant cancer cells lines, indicating that they are able to overcome drug resistances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Karges
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mickaël Tharaud
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, 75005 Paris, France
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24
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Rapp TL, DeForest CA. Targeting drug delivery with light: A highly focused approach. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 171:94-107. [PMID: 33486009 PMCID: PMC8127392 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Light is a uniquely powerful tool for controlling molecular events in biology. No other external input (e.g., heat, ultrasound, magnetic field) can be so tightly focused or so highly regulated as a clinical laser. Drug delivery vehicles that can be photonically activated have been developed across many platforms, from the simplest "caging" of therapeutics in a prodrug form, to more complex micelles and circulating liposomes that improve drug uptake and efficacy, to large-scale hydrogel platforms that can be used to protect and deliver macromolecular agents including full-length proteins. In this Review, we discuss recent innovations in photosensitive drug delivery and highlight future opportunities to engineer and exploit such light-responsive technologies in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa L Rapp
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Cole A DeForest
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Institute of Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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25
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Zhao X, Liu J, Fan J, Chao H, Peng X. Recent progress in photosensitizers for overcoming the challenges of photodynamic therapy: from molecular design to application. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4185-4219. [PMID: 33527104 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00173b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 445] [Impact Index Per Article: 148.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a therapeutic mode involving light triggering, has been recognized as an attractive oncotherapy treatment. However, nonnegligible challenges remain for its further clinical use, including finite tumor suppression, poor tumor targeting, and limited therapeutic depth. The photosensitizer (PS), being the most important element of PDT, plays a decisive role in PDT treatment. This review summarizes recent progress made in the development of PSs for overcoming the above challenges. This progress has included PSs developed to display enhanced tolerance of the tumor microenvironment, improved tumor-specific selectivity, and feasibility of use in deep tissue. Based on their molecular photophysical properties and design directions, the PSs are classified by parent structures, which are discussed in detail from the molecular design to application. Finally, a brief summary of current strategies for designing PSs and future perspectives are also presented. We expect the information provided in this review to spur the further design of PSs and the clinical development of PDT-mediated cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueze Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China.
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26
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Fu J, Yang J, Seeberger PH, Yin J. Glycoconjugates for glucose transporter-mediated cancer-specific targeting and treatment. Carbohydr Res 2020; 498:108195. [PMID: 33220603 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
First observed in 1920s, the Warburg effects have inspired scientists to harness the unique glucose metabolism of cancer cells for targeted therapy for a century. Carbohydrate-drug conjugates are explicitly designed for selective uptake by cancer cells overexpressing glucose transporters. We summarize the progress in developing glycoconjugates for cancer-specific targeting and treatment over the past decade (2010-2020) and point to some future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Biomolecular Systems Department, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - Jian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China.
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27
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Karges J, Chao H, Gasser G. Critical discussion of the applications of metal complexes for 2-photon photodynamic therapy. J Biol Inorg Chem 2020; 25:1035-1050. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-020-01829-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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28
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Bononi G, Iacopini D, Cicio G, Di Pietro S, Granchi C, Di Bussolo V, Minutolo F. Glycoconjugated Metal Complexes as Cancer Diagnostic and Therapeutic Agents. ChemMedChem 2020; 16:30-64. [PMID: 32735702 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of selectively delivering metal complexes to a defined cohort of cells on the basis of their metabolic features is a highly challenging goal, which may be extremely useful for a series of purposes, including diagnosis and therapy of pathological states, such as cancer. Tumor cells display augmented requests for carbohydrates and, in particular, for glucose in order to sustain their high proliferation rate, which causes an increased glycolytic process (Warburg effect). Since several metal complexes display diagnostic and/or therapeutic properties, their conjugation to carbohydrate portions often induce their preferential accumulation in cancer cells, similarly to what is observed with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). In this review we have considered the latest developments of glycoconjugates containing metal complexes in their structures. These compounds are classified as diagnostic or therapeutic agents and are further systematically discussed on the basis of the metal atom they contain. Several diagnostic techniques are possible with these probes, since, depending on the metal species included in their structures, they may be employed in nuclear medicine (PET, SPECT), magnetic resonance imaging, luminescence and phosphorescence. At the same time, the lack of selective cytotoxicity displayed by several metal-based chemotherapeutic agents, may also be solved by the conjugation of these agents to carbohydrate portions. Overall, data so far available reveal the great potential of this chemical class in the early detection and in the cure of severe neoplastic diseases, which still needs to be fully explored in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Bononi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Dalila Iacopini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gaspare Cicio
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy.,Current address: Menarini Ricerche S.p.A. -, Laboratori di Pisa, Via Livornese 897, 56122, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Di Pietro
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Granchi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Valeria Di Bussolo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Minutolo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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29
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Li J, Chen T. Transition metal complexes as photosensitizers for integrated cancer theranostic applications. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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30
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Franconetti A, López Ó, Fernandez-Bolanos JG. Carbohydrates: Potential Sweet Tools Against Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:1206-1242. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180719114150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
:Cancer, one of the most devastating degenerative diseases nowadays, is one of the main targets in Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical industry. Due to the significant increase in the incidence of cancer within world population, together with the complexity of such disease, featured with a multifactorial nature, access to new drugs targeting different biological targets connected to cancer is highly necessary.:Among the vast arsenal of compounds exhibiting antitumor activities, this review will cover the use of carbohydrate derivatives as privileged scaffolds. Their hydrophilic nature, together with their capacity of establishing selective interactions with biological receptors located on cell surface, involved in cell-to-cell communication processes, has allowed the development of an ample number of new templates useful in cancer treatment.:Their intrinsic water solubility has allowed their use as of pro-drug carriers for accessing more efficiently the pharmaceutical targets. The preparation of glycoconjugates in which the carbohydrate is tethered to a pharmacophore has also allowed a better permeation of the drug through cellular membranes, in which selective interactions with the carbohydrate motifs are involved. In this context, the design of multivalent structures (e.g. gold nanoparticles) has been demonstrated to enhance crucial interactions with biological receptors like lectins, glycoproteins that can be involved in cancer progression.:Moreover, the modification of the carbohydrate structural motif, by incorporation of metal complexes, or by replacing their endocyclic oxygen, or carbon atoms with heteroatoms has led to new antitumor agents.:Such diversity of sugar-based templates with relevant antitumor activity will be covered in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Franconetti
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Óscar López
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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31
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Toupin NP, Nadella S, Steinke SJ, Turro C, Kodanko JJ. Dual-Action Ru(II) Complexes with Bulky π-Expansive Ligands: Phototoxicity without DNA Intercalation. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:3919-3933. [PMID: 32096986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and photochemical and biological characterization of Ru(II) complexes containing π-expansive ligands derived from dimethylbenzo[i]dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (Me2dppn) adorned with flanking aryl substituents. Late-stage Suzuki couplings produced Me2dppn ligands substituted at the 10 and 15 positions with phenyl (5), 2,4-dimethylphenyl (6), and 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl (7) groups. Complexes of the general formula [Ru(tpy)(L)(py)](PF6)2 (8-10), where L = 4-7, were characterized and shown to have dual photochemotherapeutic (PCT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) behavior. Quantum yields for photodissociation of monodentate pyridines from 8-10 were about 3 times higher than that of parent complex [Ru(tpy)(Me2dppn)(py)](PF6)2 (1), whereas quantum yields for singlet oxygen (1O2) production were ∼10% lower than that of 1. Transient absorption spectroscopy indicates that 8-10 possess long excited state lifetimes (τ = 46-50 μs), consistent with efficient 1O2 production through population and subsequent decay of ligand-centered 3ππ* excited states. Complexes 8-10 displayed greater lipophilicity relative to 1 and association to DNA but do not intercalate between the duplex base pairs. Complexes 1 and 8-10 showed photoactivated toxicity in breast and prostate cancer cell lines with phototherapeutic indexes, PIs, as high as >56, where the majority of cell death was achieved 4 h after treatment with Ru(II) complexes and light. Flow cytometric data and rescue experiments were consistent with necrotic cell death mediated by the production of reactive oxygen species, especially 1O2. Collectively, this study confirms that DNA intercalation by Ru(II) complexes with π-expansive ligands is not required to achieve photoactivated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Toupin
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Sandeep Nadella
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Sean J Steinke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Claudia Turro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jeremy J Kodanko
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States.,Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
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32
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Phillips AM, Pombeiro AJ. Transition Metal-Based Prodrugs for Anticancer Drug Delivery. Curr Med Chem 2020; 26:7476-7519. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666181203141122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
:
Transition metal complexes, of which the platinum(II) complex cisplatin is an example,
have been used in medicine to treat cancer for more than 40 years. Although many successes have
been achieved, there are problems associated with the use of these drugs, such as side effects and
drug resistance. Converting them into prodrugs, to make them more inert, so that they can travel to
the tumour site unchanged and release the drug in its active form only there, is a strategy which is
the subject of much research nowadays. The new prodrugs may be activated and release the cytotoxic
agent by differences in oxygen concentration or in pH, by the action of overexpressed enzymes,
by differences in metabolic rates, etc., which characteristically distinguish cancer cells from
normal ones, or even by the input of radiation, which can be visible light. Converting a metal complex
into a prodrug may also be used to improve its pharmacological properties. In some cases, the
metal complex is a carrier which transports the active drug as a ligand. Some platinum prodrugs
have reached clinical trials. So far platinum, ruthenium and cobalt have been the most studied metals.
This review presents the recent developments in this area, including the types of complexes
used, the mechanisms of drug action and in some cases the techniques applied to monitor drug delivery
to cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M.F. Phillips
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Armando J.L. Pombeiro
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Complexo I, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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33
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Fernandes AC. Synthesis, Biological Activity and Medicinal Applications of Ruthenium Complexes Containing Carbohydrate Ligands. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:6412-6437. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190124124350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The search for new metal-efficient drugs has attracted considerable attention of the
scientific community. Among them, ruthenium complexes have emerged as an excellent alternative
of platinum complexes. This review presents a thorough and timely coverage of the synthesis,
biological activity and medicinal applications of ruthenium complexes bearing carbohydrate ligands,
allowing a large community of readers, in particularly the community that works in organic,
inorganic, bioorganometallic and medicinal chemistry, ready access to the most relevant examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Fernandes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049- 001 Lisboa, Portugal
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34
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Saha S, Peña B, Dunbar KR. Partially Solvated Dinuclear Ruthenium Compounds Bridged by Quinoxaline-Functionalized Ligands as Ru(II) Photocage Architectures for Low-Energy Light Absorption. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:14568-14576. [PMID: 31647230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium compounds with coordinated photolabile molecules that can be selectively released by irradiation with a visible light source are finding increasing applications in photoactivated chemotherapy (PCT) as photocages. Earlier photocages based on mononuclear Ru(II) compounds lack absorption in the therapeutic window (λ > 600 nm). In previous work, we synthesized the first partially solvated tppz bridged (tppz= 2,3,5,6-tetrakis(pyridin-2-yl)pyrazine) dinuclear Ru(II) complex capable of photoinduced ligand exchange at both metal centers. To further explore the effect of the bridging ligand on Ru(II) photocage design, we used quinoxaline-functionalized bridging ligand platforms to prepare [{RuII(NCCH3)4}2(μ-BL)](PF6)4[BL = dpq, 2,3-di(pyridin-2-yl)quinoxaline (1); BL = dpb, 2,3-di(pyridin-2-yl)benzo[g]quinoxaline (2)]. The compounds are capable of absorbing green light with tails extending beyond 650 nm which can be exploited for applications as PCT agents. Experimental results were additionally verified by DFT calculations. The use of two Ru(II) centers equipped with quinoxaline-based bridging ligands is a promising design strategy for the synthesis of a new family of dinuclear Ru(II) photocage prototypes with the ability to absorb low-energy visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Saha
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77842 , United States
| | - Bruno Peña
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77842 , United States
| | - Kim R Dunbar
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77842 , United States
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35
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Biancalana L, Gruchała M, Batchelor LK, Błauż A, Monti A, Pampaloni G, Rychlik B, Dyson PJ, Marchetti F. Conjugating Biotin to Ruthenium(II) Arene Units via Phosphine Ligand Functionalization. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Biancalana
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Università di Pisa Via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Martyna Gruchała
- Cytometry Lab Department of Molecular Biophysics University of Łódź ul. Pomorska 141/143 90‐236 Łódź Poland
| | - Lucinda K. Batchelor
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Andrzej Błauż
- Cytometry Lab Department of Molecular Biophysics University of Łódź ul. Pomorska 141/143 90‐236 Łódź Poland
| | - Andrea Monti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Università di Pisa Via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Guido Pampaloni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Università di Pisa Via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
| | - Błażej Rychlik
- Cytometry Lab Department of Molecular Biophysics University of Łódź ul. Pomorska 141/143 90‐236 Łódź Poland
| | - Paul J. Dyson
- Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Fabio Marchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale Università di Pisa Via G. Moruzzi 13 56124 Pisa Italy
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36
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Purkait K, Ruturaj, Mukherjee A, Gupta A. ATP7B Binds Ruthenium(II) p-Cymene Half-Sandwich Complexes: Role of Steric Hindrance and Ru-I Coordination in Rescuing the Sequestration. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:15659-15670. [PMID: 31657924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium(II/III) complexes are predicted to be efficient alternatives to platinum drug-resistant cancers but have never been investigated for sequestration and efflux by Cu-ATPases (ATP7A or ATP7B) overexpressed in resistant cancer cells, although a major cause of platinum drug resistance is found to be sequestration of platinum chemotherapeutic agents by thiol donors glutathione (GSH) or the Cys-X-X-Cys (CXXC) motifs in the Cu-ATPases in cytosol. Here, we show for the first time that ATP7B efficiently sequesters ruthenium(II) η6-p-cymene complexes. We present seven complexes, [RuII(η6-p-cym)(L)X](PF6) (1-7; L = L1-L3, X = Cl, Br, and I), out of which two resists deactivation by the cellular thiol, glutathione (GSH). The results show that Ru-I coordination and a moderate steric factor increase resistance to GSH and the CXXC motif. RuII-I-coordinated 3 and 7 showed resistance to sequestration by ATP7B. 3 displays highest resistance against GSH and does not trigger ATP7B trafficking in the liver cancer cell line. It escapes ATP7B-mediated sequestration and triggers apoptosis. Thus, with a suitable bidentate ligand and iodido leaving group, RuII(η6-p-cym) complexes may display strong kinetic inertness to inhibit the ATP7B detoxification pathway. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry data show higher retention of 3 and 7 inside the cell with time compared to 4, supporting ATP7B-mediated sequestration.
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37
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Lameijer LN, van de Griend C, Hopkins SL, Volbeda AG, Askes SHC, Siegler MA, Bonnet S. Photochemical Resolution of a Thermally Inert Cyclometalated Ru(phbpy)(N-N)(Sulfoxide) + Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:352-362. [PMID: 30525567 PMCID: PMC6331141 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
In
this work a photosubstitution strategy is presented that can
be used for the isolation of chiral organometallic complexes. A series
of five cyclometalated complexes Ru(phbpy)(N−N)(DMSO-κS)](PF6) ([1]PF6-[5]PF6) were synthesized and characterized, where Hphbpy = 6′-phenyl-2,2′-bipyridyl,
and N–N = bpy (2,2′-bipyridine), phen (1,10-phenanthroline),
dpq (pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline), dppz (dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine, or dppn
(benzo[i]dipyrido[3,2-a,2′,3′-c]phenazine), respectively. Due to the asymmetry of the
cyclometalated phbpy– ligand, the corresponding
[Ru(phbpy)(N–N)(DMSO-κS)]+complexes are chiral.
The exceptional thermal inertness of the Ru–S bond made chiral
resolution of these complexes by thermal ligand exchange impossible.
However, photosubstitution by visible light irradiation in acetonitrile
was possible for three of the five complexes ([1]PF6-[3]PF6). Further thermal coordination
of the chiral sulfoxide (R)-methyl p-tolylsulfoxide to the photoproduct [Ru(phbpy)(phen)(NCMe)]PF6, followed by reverse phase HPLC, led to the separation and
characterization of the two diastereoisomers of [Ru(phbpy)(phen)(MeSO(C7H7))]PF6, thus providing a new photochemical
approach toward the synthesis of chiral cyclometalated ruthenium(II)
complexes. Full photochemical, electrochemical, and frontier orbital
characterization of the cyclometalated complexes [1]PF6-[5]PF6 was performed to explain why
[4]PF6 and [5]PF6 are
photochemically inert while [1]PF6-[3]PF6 perform selective photosubstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien N Lameijer
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333CC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Corjan van de Griend
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333CC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Samantha L Hopkins
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333CC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Geert Volbeda
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333CC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Sven H C Askes
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333CC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Small molecule X-ray facility, Department of Chemistry , John Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333CC Leiden , The Netherlands
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38
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Rohrabaugh TN, Collins KA, Xue C, White JK, Kodanko JJ, Turro C. New Ru(ii) complex for dual photochemotherapy: release of cathepsin K inhibitor and 1O 2 production. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:11851-11858. [PMID: 29741184 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00876k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new complex, [Ru(tpy)(dppn)(Cbz-Leu-NHCH2CN)]2+ (1, tpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine, dppn = benzo[i]dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine) was synthesized and its photochemical properties were investigated. This complex undergoes photorelease of the Cbz-Leu-NHCH2CN ligand, a known cathepsin K inhibitor, with a quantum yield, Φ450, of 0.0012(4) in water (λirr = 450 nm). In addition, 1 sensitizes the production of singlet oxygen upon visible light irradiation with quantum yield, ΦΔ, of 0.64(3) in CH3OH. The photophysical properties of 1 were compared with those of [Ru(tpy)(bpy)(Cbz-Leu-NHCH2CN)]2+ (2, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), [Ru(tpy)(dppn)(CH3CN)]2+ (3), and [Ru(tpy)(bpy)(CH3CN)]2+ (4) to evaluate the effect of the release of the Cbz-Leu-NHCH2CN inhibitor relative to the CH3CN ligand, as well as the role of dppn as the bidentate ligand for 1O2 production instead of bpy. Nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy confirms the formation of the long-lived dppn-centered 3ππ* state in 1 and 3 with a maximum at ∼540 nm and τ ∼20 μs in deaerated acetonitrile. Complexes 1 and 3 are able to cause photoinduced damage to DNA (λirr ≥ 395 nm), whereas 2 and 4 do not photocleave DNA under similar experimental conditions. These results suggest that 1 is a promising agent for dual activity, both releasing a drug and producing singlet oxygen, and is poised to exhibit enhanced biological activity in phototochemotherapy upon irradiation with visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Rohrabaugh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
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39
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Li X, Gorle AK, Sundaraneedi MK, Keene FR, Collins JG. Kinetically-inert polypyridylruthenium(II) complexes as therapeutic agents. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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40
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Lameijer LN, le Roy J, van der Vorm S, Bonnet S. Synthesis of O-1- O-6 Substituted Positional Isomers of d-Glucose-Thioether Ligands and Their Ruthenium Polypyridyl Conjugates. J Org Chem 2018; 83:12985-12997. [PMID: 30272448 PMCID: PMC6218880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A library of positional isomers of d-glucose (O-1–O-6) as ligands and their 11
light-active ruthenium conjugates has been synthesized. A protecting
group strategy without the necessity of using palladium on carbon
for the modification for the 2-O and 4-O position allows for the incorporation of sulfur donor atoms as ligands
for transition metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien N Lameijer
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories , P.O. Box 9502, Leiden 2300 RA , The Netherlands
| | - Julien le Roy
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories , P.O. Box 9502, Leiden 2300 RA , The Netherlands
| | - Stefan van der Vorm
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories , P.O. Box 9502, Leiden 2300 RA , The Netherlands
| | - Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry , Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories , P.O. Box 9502, Leiden 2300 RA , The Netherlands
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41
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Arora K, Herroon M, Al-Afyouni MH, Toupin NP, Rohrabaugh TN, Loftus LM, Podgorski I, Turro C, Kodanko JJ. Catch and Release Photosensitizers: Combining Dual-Action Ruthenium Complexes with Protease Inactivation for Targeting Invasive Cancers. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14367-14380. [PMID: 30278123 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b08853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dual action agents containing a cysteine protease inhibitor and Ru-based photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT) were designed, synthesized, and validated in 2D culture and 3D functional imaging assays of triple-negative human breast cancer (TNBC). These combination agents deliver and release Ru-based PDT agents to tumor cells and cause cancer cell death upon irradiation with visible light, while at the same time inactivating cathespin B (CTSB), a cysteine protease strongly associated with invasive and metastatic behavior. In total five Ru-based complexes were synthesized with the formula [Ru(bpy)2(1)](O2CCF3)2 (3), where bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine and 1 = a bipyridine-based epoxysuccinyl inhibitor; [Ru(tpy)(NN)(2)](PF6)2, where tpy = terpiridine, 2 = a pyridine-based epoxysuccinyl inhibitor and NN = 2,2'-bipyridine (4); 6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (5); benzo[ i]dipyrido[3,2- a:2',3'- c]phenazine (6); and 3,6-dimethylbenzo[ i]dipyrido[3,2- a:2',3'- c]phenazine (7). Compound 3 contains a [Ru(bpy)3]2+ fluorophore and was designed to track the subcellular localization of the conjugates, whereas compounds 4-7 were designed to undergo either photoactivated ligand dissociation and/or singlet oxygen generation. Photochemical studies confirmed that complexes 5 and 7 undergo photoactivated ligand dissociation, whereas 6 and 7 generate singlet oxygen. Inhibitors 1-7 all potently and irreversibly inhibit CTSB. Compounds 4-7 were evaluated against MDA-MB-231 TNBC and MCF-10A breast epithelial cells in 2D and 3D culture for effects on proteolysis and cell viability under dark and light conditions. Collectively, these data reveal that 4-7 potently inhibit dye-quenched (DQ) collagen degradation, whereas only compound 7 causes efficient cell death under light conditions, consistent with its ability to release a Ru(II)-based photosensitizer and to also generate 1O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Arora
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Mackenzie Herroon
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48201 , United States
| | - Malik H Al-Afyouni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Nicholas P Toupin
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States
| | - Thomas N Rohrabaugh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Lauren M Loftus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Izabela Podgorski
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine , Wayne State University , Detroit , Michigan 48201 , United States.,Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute , Detroit , Michigan 48201 , United States
| | - Claudia Turro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , The Ohio State University , Columbus , Ohio 43210 , United States
| | - Jeremy J Kodanko
- Department of Chemistry , Wayne State University , 5101 Cass Avenue , Detroit , Michigan 48202 , United States.,Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute , Detroit , Michigan 48201 , United States
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42
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Liu J, Zhang C, Rees TW, Ke L, Ji L, Chao H. Harnessing ruthenium(II) as photodynamic agents: Encouraging advances in cancer therapy. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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43
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Pal M, Nandi U, Mukherjee D. Detailed account on activation mechanisms of ruthenium coordination complexes and their role as antineoplastic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 150:419-445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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44
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Poynton FE, Bright SA, Blasco S, Williams DC, Kelly JM, Gunnlaugsson T. The development of ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes and conjugates for in vitro cellular and in vivo applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:7706-7756. [PMID: 29177281 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00680b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium(ii) [Ru(ii)] polypyridyl complexes have been the focus of intense investigations since work began exploring their supramolecular interactions with DNA. In recent years, there have been considerable efforts to translate this solution-based research into a biological environment with the intention of developing new classes of probes, luminescent imaging agents, therapeutics and theranostics. In only 10 years the field has expanded with diverse applications for these complexes as imaging agents and promising candidates for therapeutics. In light of these efforts this review exclusively focuses on the developments of these complexes in biological systems, both in cells and in vivo, and hopes to communicate to readers the diversity of applications within which these complexes have found use, as well as new insights gained along the way and challenges that researchers in this field still face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus E Poynton
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Lameijer LN, Brevé TG, van Rixel VHS, Askes SHC, Siegler MA, Bonnet S. Effects of the Bidentate Ligand on the Photophysical Properties, Cellular Uptake, and (Photo)cytotoxicity of Glycoconjugates Based on the [Ru(tpy)(NN)(L)] 2+ Scaffold. Chemistry 2018; 24:2709-2717. [PMID: 29220545 PMCID: PMC5838788 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ruthenium polypyridyl complexes have received widespread attention as potential chemotherapeutics in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and in photochemotherapy (PACT). Here, we investigate a series of sixteen ruthenium polypyridyl complexes with general formula [Ru(tpy)(N-N)(L)]+/2+ (tpy=2,2':6',2''-terpyridine, N-N=bpy (2,2'-bipyridine), phen (1,10-phenanthroline), dpq (pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline), dppz (dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine, dppn (benzo[i]dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine), pmip (2-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline), pymi ((E)-N-phenyl-1-(pyridin-2-yl)methanimine), or azpy (2-(phenylazo)pyridine), L=Cl- or 2-(2-(2-(methylthio)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl-β-d-glucopyranoside) and their potential for either PDT or PACT. We demonstrate that although increased lipophilicity is generally related to increased uptake of these complexes, it does not necessarily lead to increased (photo)cytotoxicity. However, the non-toxic complexes are excellent candidates as PACT carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien N. Lameijer
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 95022300 RALeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Tobias G. Brevé
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 95022300 RALeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Vincent H. S. van Rixel
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 95022300 RALeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Sven H. C. Askes
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 95022300 RALeidenThe Netherlands
| | - M. A. Siegler
- Departement of ChemistryJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMaryland21218USA
| | - Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden Institute of ChemistryLeiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 95022300 RALeidenThe Netherlands
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Zeng L, Gupta P, Chen Y, Wang E, Ji L, Chao H, Chen ZS. The development of anticancer ruthenium(ii) complexes: from single molecule compounds to nanomaterials. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:5771-5804. [PMID: 28654103 PMCID: PMC5624840 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00195a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 710] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is rapidly becoming the top killer in the world. Most of the FDA approved anticancer drugs are organic molecules, while metallodrugs are very scarce. The advent of the first metal based therapeutic agent, cisplatin, launched a new era in the application of transition metal complexes for therapeutic design. Due to their unique and versatile biochemical properties, ruthenium-based compounds have emerged as promising anti-cancer agents that serve as alternatives to cisplatin and its derivertives. Ruthenium(iii) complexes have successfully been used in clinical research and their mechanisms of anticancer action have been reported in large volumes over the past few decades. Ruthenium(ii) complexes have also attracted significant attention as anticancer candidates; however, only a few of them have been reported comprehensively. In this review, we discuss the development of ruthenium(ii) complexes as anticancer candidates and biocatalysts, including arene ruthenium complexes, polypyridyl ruthenium complexes, and ruthenium nanomaterial complexes. This review focuses on the likely mechanisms of action of ruthenium(ii)-based anticancer drugs and the relationship between their chemical structures and biological properties. This review also highlights the catalytic activity and the photoinduced activation of ruthenium(ii) complexes, their targeted delivery, and their activity in nanomaterial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leli Zeng
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, New York, NY 11439, USA.
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Jang HJ, Hopkins SL, Siegler MA, Bonnet S. Frontier orbitals of photosubstitutionally active ruthenium complexes: an experimental study of the spectator ligands' electronic properties influence on photoreactivity. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:9969-9980. [PMID: 28726891 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01540b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of [Ru(tpy)(R2bpy)(L)](X)n complexes (tpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine, R2bpy = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (dmbpy), or 4,4'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2,2'-bipyridine (tfmbpy), X = Cl- or PF6-, and n = 1 or 2) are described. The dmbpy and tfmbpy bidentate ligands allow for investigating the effects of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing ligands, respectively, on the frontier orbital energetics as well as the photoreactivity of these ruthenium polypyridyl complexes for five prototypical monodentate ligands L = Cl-, H2O, CH3CN, 2-(methylthio)ethanol (Hmte), or pyridine. According to spectroscopic and electrochemical studies, the dmbpy analogues displayed a singlet metal-to-ligand charge transfer (1MLCT) transition at higher energy than the tfmbpy analogues. The shift of the 1MLCT to higher energy results from the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) for the dmbpy analogues being tpy-based, whereas for the tfmbpy analogues orbital inversion occurs resulting in a tfmbpy-based LUMO. The energy level of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) was considerably affected by the nature of the monodentate ligand. Visible light irradiation of the complexes demonstrated that the tfmbpy analogue increased the rate and quantum yields of photosubstitution reactions, compared to the dmbpy analogue, suggesting that the electron-withdrawing substituents allowed better thermal accessibility of the triplet metal-centered (3MC) state from the photochemically generated triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) excited state. A correlation between the photolability of the monodentate ligands and the electrochemical reversibility of the metal-based oxidation is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jin Jang
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Sun W, Thiramanas R, Slep LD, Zeng X, Mailänder V, Wu S. Photoactivation of Anticancer Ru Complexes in Deep Tissue: How Deep Can We Go? Chemistry 2017; 23:10832-10837. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Sun
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Raweewan Thiramanas
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Leonardo D. Slep
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica; Analítica y Química Física; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, and; INQUIMAE Universidad de Buenos Aires/ CONICET; Pabellón 2, 3er piso, Ciudad Universitaria C1428EHA Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Xiaolong Zeng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Volker Mailänder
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
- Center for Translational Nanomedicine, Dermatology Clinic; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz; Langenbeckstr. 1 55131 Mainz Germany
| | - Si Wu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
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Łomzik M, Mazuryk O, Rutkowska-Zbik D, Stochel G, Gros PC, Brindell M. New ruthenium compounds bearing semicarbazone 2-formylopyridine moiety: Playing with auxiliary ligands for tuning the mechanism of biological activity. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 175:80-91. [PMID: 28738277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Two ruthenium(II) complexes Ru1 and Ru2 bearing as a one ligand 2,2'-bipyridine substituted by a semicarbazone 2-formylopyridine moiety (bpySC: 5-(4-{4'-methyl-[2,2'-bipyridine]-4-yl}but-1-yn-1-yl)pyridine-2-carbaldehyde semicarbazone) and as the others 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) and 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dip), respectively, as auxiliary ligands have been prepared. Their biological activity has been studied on murine colon carcinoma (CT26) and human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cell lines. The anti-proliferative activity was dependent on the presence of bpy or dip in the complex, with one order of magnitude higher cytotoxicity for Ru2 (dip ligands). Ru1 (bpy ligands) exhibited a distinct increase in cytotoxicity going from 24 to 72h of incubation with cells as was not observed for Ru2. Even though both studied compounds were powerful apoptosis inducing agents, the mechanism of their action was entirely different. Ru1-incubated A549 cells showed a notable increase in cells number in the S-phase of the cell cycle, with concomitant decrease in the G2/M phase, while Ru2 promoted a cell accumulation in the G0/G1 phase. In contrast, Ru1 induced marginal oxidative stress in A549 cell lines even upon increasing the incubation time. Even though Ru1 preferably accumulated in lysosomes it triggered the apoptotic cellular death via an intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. Ru1-incubated A549 cells showed swelling and enlarging of the mitochondria. It was not observed in case of Ru2 for which mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum were found as primarily localization site. Despite this the apoptosis induced by Ru2 was caspase-independent. All these findings point to a pronounced role of auxiliary ligands in tuning the mode of biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Łomzik
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland; Université de Lorraine, CNRS, UMR SRSMC, HecRIn, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France
| | - Olga Mazuryk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dorota Rutkowska-Zbik
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 8, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Grażyna Stochel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Philippe C Gros
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, UMR SRSMC, HecRIn, Boulevard des Aiguillettes, Vandoeuvre-Lès-Nancy, France.
| | - Małgorzata Brindell
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland.
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Siewert B, Langerman M, Hontani Y, Kennis JTM, van Rixel VHS, Limburg B, Siegler MA, Talens Saez V, Kieltyka RE, Bonnet S. Turning on the red phosphorescence of a [Ru(tpy)(bpy)(Cl)]Cl complex by amide substitution: self-aggregation, toxicity, and cellular localization of an emissive ruthenium-based amphiphile. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:11126-11129. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02989f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Dodecylamide functionalization of [Ru(tpy)(bpy)Cl]Cl led to an emissive, self-assembling, and cytotoxic complex targeting membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Siewert
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Leiden University
- 233CC Leiden
- The Netherlands
- Institute of Pharmacy
| | - M. Langerman
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Leiden University
- 233CC Leiden
- The Netherlands
| | - Y. Hontani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Vrije Universiteit
- De Boelelaan 1081
- 1081HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - J. T. M. Kennis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Vrije Universiteit
- De Boelelaan 1081
- 1081HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - V. H. S. van Rixel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Leiden University
- 233CC Leiden
- The Netherlands
| | - B. Limburg
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Leiden University
- 233CC Leiden
- The Netherlands
| | - M. A. Siegler
- Small Molecule X-ray Facility, Department of Chemistry Johns Hopkins University
- Baltimore
- USA
| | - V. Talens Saez
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Leiden University
- 233CC Leiden
- The Netherlands
| | - R. E. Kieltyka
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Leiden University
- 233CC Leiden
- The Netherlands
| | - S. Bonnet
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry
- Leiden University
- 233CC Leiden
- The Netherlands
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