1
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Gonzalez-Pato N, Blasi D, Nikolaidou DM, Bertocchi F, Cerdá J, Terenziani F, Ventosa N, Aragó J, Lapini A, Veciana J, Ratera I. Nanothermometer Based on Polychlorinated Trityl Radicals Showing Two-Photon Excitation and Emission in the Biological Transparency Window: Temperature Monitoring of Biological Tissues. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301060. [PMID: 37994387 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Nanothermometers are emerging probes as biomedical diagnostic tools. Especially appealing are nanoprobes using NIR light in the range of biological transparency window (BTW) since they have the advantages of a deeper penetration into biological tissues, better contrast, reduced phototoxicity and photobleaching. This article reports the preparation and characterization of organic nanoparticles (ONPs) doped with two polychlorinated trityl radicals (TTM and PTM), as well as studies of their electronic and optical properties. Such ONPs having inside isolated radical molecules and dimeric excimers, can be two-photon excited showing optimal properties for temperature sensing. Remarkably, in TTM-based ONPs the emission intensity of the isolated radical species is unaltered increasing temperature, while the excimer emission intensity decreases strongly being thereby able to monitor temperature changes with an excellent thermal absolute sensitivity of 0.6-3.7% K-1 in the temperature range of 278-328 K. The temperature dependence of the excimeric bands of ONPs are theoretically simulated by using electronic structure calculations and a vibronic Hamiltonian model. Finally, TTM-doped ONPs as ratiometric NIR-nanothermometers are tested with two-photon excitationwith enucleated pig eye sclera, as a real tissue model, obtaining a similar temperature sensitivity as in aqueous suspensions, demonstrating their potential as NIR nanothermometers for bio applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Gonzalez-Pato
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC)/CIBER-BBN, Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, E-08193, Spain
| | - Davide Blasi
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC)/CIBER-BBN, Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, E-08193, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, 70125, Italy
| | - Domna M Nikolaidou
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Francesco Bertocchi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Jesús Cerdá
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna, 46980, Spain
| | - Francesca Terenziani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, Parma, 43124, Italy
| | - Nora Ventosa
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC)/CIBER-BBN, Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, E-08193, Spain
| | - Juan Aragó
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, Paterna, 46980, Spain
| | - Andrea Lapini
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, Parma, 43124, Italy
- LENS, European Laboratory for Non-Linear Spectroscopy, Via Nello Carrara 1, Sesto Fiorentino (Fi), 50019, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM) strada della Cacce 91, Torino, 10135, Italy
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC)/CIBER-BBN, Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, E-08193, Spain
| | - Imma Ratera
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (CSIC)/CIBER-BBN, Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, E-08193, Spain
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2
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Ju CW, Shen Y, French EJ, Yi J, Bi H, Tian A, Lin Z. Accurate Electronic and Optical Properties of Organic Doublet Radicals Using Machine Learned Range-Separated Functionals. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 38382058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Luminescent organic semiconducting doublet-spin radicals are unique and emergent optical materials because their fluorescent quantum yields (Φfl) are not compromised by the spin-flipping intersystem crossing (ISC) into a dark high-spin state. The multiconfigurational nature of these radicals challenges their electronic structure calculations in the framework of single-reference density functional theory (DFT) and introduces room for method improvement. In the present study, we extended our earlier development of ML-ωPBE [J. Phys. Chem. Lett., 2021, 12, 9516-9524], a range-separated hybrid (RSH) exchange-correlation (XC) functional constructed using the stacked ensemble machine learning (SEML) algorithm, from closed-shell organic semiconducting molecules to doublet-spin organic semiconducting radicals. We assessed its performance for a new test set of 64 doublet-spin radicals from five categories while placing all previously compiled 3926 closed-shell molecules in the new training set. Interestingly, ML-ωPBE agrees with the nonempirical OT-ωPBE functional regarding the prediction of the molecule-dependent range-separation parameter (ω), with a small mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.0197 a0-1, but saves the computational cost by 2.46 orders of magnitude. This result demonstrates an outstanding domain adaptation capacity of ML-ωPBE for diverse organic semiconducting species. To further assess the predictive power of ML-ωPBE in experimental observables, we also applied it to evaluate absorption and fluorescence energies (Eabs and Efl) using linear-response time-dependent DFT (TDDFT), and we compared its behavior with nine popular XC functionals. For most radicals, ML-ωPBE reproduces experimental measurements of Eabs and Efl with small MAEs of 0.299 and 0.254 eV, only marginally different from those of OT-ωPBE. Our work illustrates a successful extension of the SEML framework from closed-shell molecules to doublet-spin radicals and will open the venue for calculating optical properties for organic semiconductors using single-reference TDDFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Ju
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Yili Shen
- Manning College of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Ethan J French
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Jun Yi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Hongshan Bi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Aaron Tian
- Manning College of Information and Computer Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Zhou Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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3
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Feng Z, Zhou J, He X, Wang B, Xie G, Qiao X, Liu L, Xie Z, Ma Y. Extremely Stable Perylene Bisimide-Bridged Regioisomeric Diradicals and Their Redox Properties. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302943. [PMID: 37803935 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Excellent stability is an essential premise for organic diradicals to be used in organic electronic and spintronic devices. We have attached two tris(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl (TTM) radical building blocks to the two sides of perylene bisimide (PBI) bridges and obtained two regioisomeric diradicals (1,6-TTM-PBI and 1,7-TTM-PBI). Both of the isomers show super stability rather than the monomeric TTM under ambient conditions, due to the increased conjugation and the electron-withdrawing effects of the PBI bridges. The diradicals show distinct and reversible multistep redox processes, and a spectro-electrochemistry investigation revealed the generation of organic mixed-valence (MV) species during reduction processes. The two diradicals have singlet ground states, very small singlet-triplet energy gaps (ΔES-T ) and a pure open-shell character (with diradical character y0 =0.966 for 1,6-TTM-PBI and 0.967 for 1,7-TTM-PBI). This work opens a window to developing very stable diradicals and offers the opportunity of their further application in optical, electronic and magnetic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Feng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jiadong Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiandong He
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Bohan Wang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Guojing Xie
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xianfeng Qiao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zengqi Xie
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yuguang Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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Alcón I, Ribas-Ariño J, Moreira IDPR, Bromley ST. Emergent Spin Frustration in Neutral Mixed-Valence 2D Conjugated Polymers: A Potential Quantum Materials Platform. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5674-5683. [PMID: 36877195 PMCID: PMC10021012 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional conjugated polymers (2DCPs)─organic 2D materials composed of arrays of carbon sp2 centers connected by π-conjugated linkers─are attracting increasing attention due to their potential applications in device technologies. This interest stems from the ability of 2DCPs to host a range of correlated electronic and magnetic states (e.g., Mott insulators). Substitution of all carbon sp2 centers in 2DCPs by nitrogen or boron results in diamagnetic insulating states. Partial substitution of C sp2 centers by B or N atoms has not yet been considered for extended 2DCPs but has been extensively studied in the analogous neutral mixed-valence molecular systems. Here, we employ accurate first-principles calculations to predict the electronic and magnetic properties of a new class of hexagonally connected neutral mixed-valence 2DCPs in which every other C sp2 nodal center is substituted by either a N or B atom. We show that these neutral mixed-valence 2DCPs significantly energetically favor a state with emergent superexchange-mediated antiferromagnetic (AFM) interactions between C-based spin-1/2 centers on a triangular sublattice. These AFM interactions are surprisingly strong and comparable to those in the parent compounds of cuprate superconductors. The rigid and covalently linked symmetric triangular AFM lattice in these materials thus provides a highly promising and robust basis for 2D spin frustration. As such, extended mixed-valence 2DCPs are a highly attractive platform for the future bottom-up realization of a new class of all-organic quantum materials, which could host exotic correlated electronic states (e.g., unusual magnetic ordering, quantum spin liquids).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Alcón
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Ribas-Ariño
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTC), Universitat de Barcelona, c/ Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ibério de P R Moreira
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTC), Universitat de Barcelona, c/ Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefan T Bromley
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional (IQTC), Universitat de Barcelona, c/ Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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5
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Xu J, Li S, Yang Y, Chen Z. Stable Organic Radicals Participation in Charge Transfer: A New Strategy toward Molecular Functional Materials. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203598. [PMID: 36527171 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Charge-transfer (CT) engineering with inter-/intramolecular CT interactions by simple compositions has emerged as a universal and efficient way to construct organic functional materials. Stable organic radicals with unique physicochemical properties that cannot be realized in closed-shell molecules, have been widely demonstrated to be ideal building blocks to construct versatile organic CT materials. This concept article provides a brief overview of the advances in the design, structure and property of stable organic radicals-based CT molecular functional materials, and the strategy for the generation of these materials is also highlighted. First, radicals are introduced as open-shell donors or acceptors, with a focus on their importance and uniqueness in improving electrical, magnetic and optical properties of CT functional materials. Additionally, CT interactions in stable radical dimers and trimers are further discussed systematically. Finally, the challenges are summarized and perspectives for future development of stable organic radicals-based CT functional materials are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieqiong Xu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Shengkai Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yanxia Yang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College of Biology Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province, Hunan University Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
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6
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Bui TT, Péralta S, Dumur F. Synthesis and Optical Properties of a Series of Push-Pull Dyes Based on Pyrene as the Electron Donor. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031489. [PMID: 36771166 PMCID: PMC9920555 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fifteen push-pull dyes comprising the tetracyclic polyaromatic pyrene have been designed and synthesized. The optical properties of the fifteen dyes have been examined in twenty-two solvents of different polarities. Surprisingly, contrarily to what is classically observed for push-pull dyes of D-π-A structures, a negative solvatochromism could be found for numerous dyes. The photoluminescence and thermal properties of the dyes were also examined. Theoretical calculations were carried out to support the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frédéric Dumur
- CY Cergy Paris Université, LPPI, F-95000 Cergy, France
- Aix Marseille Univ CNRS, ICR UMR7273, F-13397 Marseille, France
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CY Advanced Studies (CY AS), F-95000 Cergy, France
- Correspondence:
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7
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Liu CH, Hamzehpoor E, Sakai-Otsuka Y, Jadhav T, Perepichka DF. A Pure-Red Doublet Emission with 90 % Quantum Yield: Stable, Colorless, Iodinated Triphenylmethane Solid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23030-23034. [PMID: 32822514 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202009867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Red luminescence is found in off-white tris(iodoperchlorophenyl)methane (3I-PTMH ) crystals which is characterized by a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY 91 %) and color purity (CIE coordinates 0.66, 0.34). The emission originates from the doublet excited state of the neutral radical 3I-PTMR , which is spontaneously formed and becomes embedded in the 3I-PTMH matrix. The radical defect can also be deliberately introduced into 3I-PTMH crystals which maintain a high PLQY with up to 4 % radical concentration. The immobilized iodinated radical demonstrates excellent photostability (estimated half-life >1 year under continuous irradiation) and intriguing luminescent lifetime (69 ns). TD-DFT calculations demonstrate that electron-donating iodine atoms accelerate the radiative transition while the rigid halogen-bonded matrix suppresses the nonradiative decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Ehsan Hamzehpoor
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Yoko Sakai-Otsuka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Thaksen Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Dmitrii F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B8, Canada
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8
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Liu C, Hamzehpoor E, Sakai‐Otsuka Y, Jadhav T, Perepichka DF. A Pure‐Red Doublet Emission with 90 % Quantum Yield: Stable, Colorless, Iodinated Triphenylmethane Solid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202009867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐Hao Liu
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Ehsan Hamzehpoor
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Yoko Sakai‐Otsuka
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Thaksen Jadhav
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
| | - Dmitrii F. Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal Quebec H3A 0B8 Canada
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9
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Mayorga‐Burrezo P, Jiménez VG, Blasi D, Parella T, Ratera I, Campaña AG, Veciana J. An Enantiopure Propeller‐Like Trityl‐Brominated Radical: Bringing Together a High Racemization Barrier and an Efficient Circularly Polarized Luminescent Magnetic Emitter. Chemistry 2020; 26:3776-3781. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Mayorga‐Burrezo
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic MaterialsInstitut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB)/CIBER-BBN Campus Universitari de Bellaterra 08193 Cerdanyola, Barcelona Spain
| | - Vicente G. Jiménez
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Granada (UGR) C. U. Fuentenueva 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Davide Blasi
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic MaterialsInstitut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB)/CIBER-BBN Campus Universitari de Bellaterra 08193 Cerdanyola, Barcelona Spain
| | - Teodor Parella
- Servei de Ressonància Magnètica NuclearUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona Campus Universitari de Bellaterra 08193 Cerdanyola, Barcelona Spain
| | - Imma Ratera
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic MaterialsInstitut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB)/CIBER-BBN Campus Universitari de Bellaterra 08193 Cerdanyola, Barcelona Spain
| | - Araceli G. Campaña
- Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of Granada (UGR) C. U. Fuentenueva 18071 Granada Spain
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Department of Molecular Nanoscience and Organic MaterialsInstitut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB)/CIBER-BBN Campus Universitari de Bellaterra 08193 Cerdanyola, Barcelona Spain
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10
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Hattori Y, Michail E, Schmiedel A, Moos M, Holzapfel M, Krummenacher I, Braunschweig H, Müller U, Pflaum J, Lambert C. Luminescent Mono-, Di-, and Triradicals: Bridging Polychlorinated Triarylmethyl Radicals by Triarylamines and Triarylboranes. Chemistry 2019; 25:15463-15471. [PMID: 31478580 PMCID: PMC6916318 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Up to three polychlorinated pyridyldiphenylmethyl radicals bridged by a triphenylamine carrying electron withdrawing (CN), neutral (Me), or donating (OMe) groups were synthesized and analogous radicals bridged by tris(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)borane were prepared for comparison. All compounds were as stable as common closed‐shell organic compounds and showed significant fluorescence upon excitation. Electronic, magnetic, absorption, and emission properties were examined in detail, and experimental results were interpreted using DFT calculations. Oxidation potentials, absorption and emission energies could be tuned depending on the electron density of the bridges. The triphenylamine bridges mediated intramolecular weak antiferromagnetic interactions between the radical spins, and the energy difference between the high spin and low spin states was determined by temperature dependent ESR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The fluorescent properties of all radicals were examined in detail and revealed no difference for high and low spin states which facilitates application of these dyes in two‐photon absorption spectroscopy and OLED devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Hattori
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Evripidis Michail
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Schmiedel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Moos
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Krummenacher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Holger Braunschweig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Müller
- Institute of Physics, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Pflaum
- Institute of Physics, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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11
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Murata T, Kariyazono K, Ukai S, Ueda A, Kanzaki Y, Shiomi D, Sato K, Takui T, Morita Y. Trioxotriangulene with carbazole: a donor–acceptor molecule showing strong near-infrared absorption exceeding 1000 nm. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00663j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A donor–acceptor type trioxotriangulene neutral radical derivative having three carbazolyl groups as electron-donors was newly synthesized, and exhibited a strong near-infrared photo absorption over 1000 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Murata
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Aichi Institute of Technology
- Toyota
- Japan
| | - Kazuki Kariyazono
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Shusaku Ukai
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Aichi Institute of Technology
- Toyota
- Japan
| | - Akira Ueda
- Department of Chemistry
- Kumamoto University
- Kumamoto 860-8555
- Japan
| | - Yuki Kanzaki
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka City University
- Osaka
- Japan
| | - Daisuke Shiomi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka City University
- Osaka
- Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka City University
- Osaka
- Japan
| | - Takeji Takui
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka City University
- Osaka
- Japan
| | - Yasushi Morita
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Engineering
- Aichi Institute of Technology
- Toyota
- Japan
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12
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Diez-Cabanes V, Seber G, Franco C, Bejarano F, Crivillers N, Mas-Torrent M, Veciana J, Rovira C, Cornil J. Design of Perchlorotriphenylmethyl (PTM) Radical-Based Compounds for Optoelectronic Applications: The Role of Orbital Delocalization. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2572-2578. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valentín Diez-Cabanes
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials; University of Mons; Place du Parc 20 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Gonca Seber
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC); Campus Universitari de UAB; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona) Spain
| | - Carlos Franco
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC); Campus Universitari de UAB; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona) Spain
- Current affiliation: ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Francesc Bejarano
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC); Campus Universitari de UAB; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona) Spain
| | - Nuria Crivillers
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC); Campus Universitari de UAB; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona) Spain
| | - Marta Mas-Torrent
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC); Campus Universitari de UAB; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona) Spain
| | - Jaume Veciana
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC); Campus Universitari de UAB; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona) Spain
| | - Concepció Rovira
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC); Campus Universitari de UAB; 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona) Spain
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials; University of Mons; Place du Parc 20 7000 Mons Belgium
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Wu S, Li M, Phan H, Wang D, Herng TS, Ding J, Lu Z, Wu J. Toward Two‐Dimensional π‐Conjugated Covalent Organic Radical Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8007-8011. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201801998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaofei Wu
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Minchan Li
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology 518055 Shenzhen China
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Dingguan Wang
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of Singapore 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of Singapore 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | - Zhouguang Lu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology 518055 Shenzhen China
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
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14
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Wu S, Li M, Phan H, Wang D, Herng TS, Ding J, Lu Z, Wu J. Toward Two‐Dimensional π‐Conjugated Covalent Organic Radical Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201801998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaofei Wu
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Minchan Li
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology 518055 Shenzhen China
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Dingguan Wang
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of Singapore 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of Singapore 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | - Zhouguang Lu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology 518055 Shenzhen China
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
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15
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Yang Y, Liu C, Xu X, Meng Z, Tong W, Ma Z, Zhou C, Sun Y, Sheng Z. Antiferromagnetism in two-dimensional polyradical nanosheets. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01287c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
2D polyradical nanosheets were prepared using interfacial polymerization and exhibited obvious antiferromagnetic behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Hefei
- China
| | - Caixing Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Hefei
- China
| | - Xueli Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Hefei
- China
| | - Zhi Meng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Hefei
- China
| | - Wei Tong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Hefei
- China
| | - Zongwei Ma
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Hefei
- China
| | - Chun Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Hefei
- China
| | - Yuping Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Hefei
- China
| | - Zhigao Sheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics at Extreme Conditions
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Hefei
- China
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16
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Gu X, Gopalakrishna TY, Phan H, Ni Y, Herng TS, Ding J, Wu J. A Three-Dimensionally π-Conjugated Diradical Molecular Cage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201709537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Gu
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | | | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 119260 Singapore Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry; National University of Singapore; 3 Science Drive 3 117543 Singapore Singapore
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17
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Gu X, Gopalakrishna TY, Phan H, Ni Y, Herng TS, Ding J, Wu J. A Three-Dimensionally π-Conjugated Diradical Molecular Cage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15383-15387. [PMID: 28994498 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201709537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
π-Conjugated molecular cages are very challenging targets in structural organic chemistry, supramolecular chemistry, and materials science. The synthesis and physical characterizations are reported of the first three-dimensionally π-conjugated diradical molecular cage PTM-C, in which two polychlorotriphenylmethyl (PTM) radicals are linked by three bis(3,6-carbazolyl) bridges. This cage compound was synthesized mainly by intermolecular Yamamoto coupling followed by deprotonation and oxidation. It is stable and its structure was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The two carbon-centered PTM radicals are weakly coupled through electronic interactions with the carbazole spacers, as revealed by optical, electronic, and magnetic measurements as well as theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Gu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tullimilli Y Gopalakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hoa Phan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yong Ni
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tun Seng Herng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 119260, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
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