1
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Nasemann S, Franz R, Kargin D, Bruhn C, Kelemen Z, Gutmann T, Pietschnig R. At the limits of bisphosphonio-substituted stannylenes. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202300950. [PMID: 38091243 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Donor stabilization of Sn(II) and Pb(II) halides with 1,1'-ferrocenylene bridged bisphosphanes has been explored for Fe(C5H4P(C6H5)2)2 (dppf), and Fe(C5H4PH(C4H9))2. These bisphosphanes are reacted with SnBr2 and PbCl2 with and without additional Lewis acid (AlCl3) forming acyclic and cyclic donor adducts from which the latter represent bisphosphoniotetrylenes. Since dynamic exchange in solution is observed, characterization includes solution and solid-state NMR in addition to SC-XRD, amended by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Nasemann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Roman Franz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Denis Kargin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem Rkp. 3, H-1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Torsten Gutmann
- Eduard Zintl Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Peter-Grünberg-Straße 8, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Rudolf Pietschnig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
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2
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Franz R, Gál D, Bruhn C, Kelemen Z, Pietschnig R. Gradual Coordination and Reversible P-P Bond Activation of a P 3 -Unit with Transition Metal Carbonyls. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306805. [PMID: 38161225 PMCID: PMC10953586 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Coordination of a stereochemically defined P3 -chain to a series of transition metal carbonyls [M(CO)x ]z- (M = Mn (x = 5, z = 1), Fe (x = 4, z = 2) or Co (x = 4, z = 1)) is explored using a [3]ferrocenophane scaffold. A gradual transition from η1 -, η2 - to η3 -coordination is observed where in the η2 -mode the terminal positions of the phosphorus chain are bridged. With an excess of cobalt carbonyl successive P-P bond activation and gradual separation of the central phosphorus atoms from the phosphorus chain has been observed. This process is reversible and with suitable reagents such as methyl lithium, the P3 -unit is regenerated in stereospecific manner. The bonding situation and steps of the gradual P-P bond activation are investigated by DFT calculations as well as experimental methods (e.g., NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Franz
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich‐Plett‐Straße 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Dalma Gál
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem Rkp 3.Budapest1111Hungary
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich‐Plett‐Straße 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem Rkp 3.Budapest1111Hungary
| | - Rudolf Pietschnig
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich‐Plett‐Straße 4034132KasselGermany
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3
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Franz R, Szathmári B, Bruhn C, Kelemen Z, Pietschnig R. Gradual Donor Stabilization of a Transient Ferrocene Bridged Bisphosphanyl Phosphenium Cation. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4341-4350. [PMID: 36827512 PMCID: PMC10015459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
A transient phosphenium cation embedded into a [3]ferrocenophane scaffold was formed via chloride abstraction. The cation has been trapped with phosphane, carbene, and silylene donors resulting in stable adducts or bond activation of the ferrocenophane bridge. In the absence of donors, dimerization of the phosphenium cation to the corresponding dication is observed or P-C bond activation with migration of a substituent leading to a putative phosphoniodiphosphene. Using 1,3-di-tert-butylimidazol-2-silylene as the donor, further reaction of the initially formed chlorosilane leads to activation of a P-P bond of the ferrocenophane scaffold with ring expansion of the ansa-bridge. The donor formation and bonding situation are investigated by density functional theory calculations as well as experimental methods (e.g., NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Franz
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaT, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Balázs Szathmári
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem Rkp 3, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaT, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem Rkp 3, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rudolf Pietschnig
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaT, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
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4
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Oligo- and polymerization of phospha [2]ferrocenophanes to one dimensional phosphorus chains with ferrocenylene handles. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Dey S, Roesler F, Höfler MV, Bruhn C, Gutmann T, Pietschnig R. Synthesis, Structure and Cu‐Phenylacetylide Coordination of an Unsymmetrically Substituted Bulky dppf‐Analog. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhayan Dey
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaT University of Kassel Heinrich Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Fabian Roesler
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaT University of Kassel Heinrich Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Mark V. Höfler
- Technical University Darmstadt Eduard Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaT University of Kassel Heinrich Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Torsten Gutmann
- Technical University Darmstadt Eduard Zintl-Institute for Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Rudolf Pietschnig
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaT University of Kassel Heinrich Plett-Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
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6
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Weller S, Klenk R, Kelemen Z, Nyulászi L, Nieger M, Gudat D. A P‐Functionalized [3]Ferrocenophane with a Dynamic SPS‐Bridge. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Weller
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70550 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Robert Klenk
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70550 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group Budapest University of Technology and Economics Szent Gellért tér 4 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - László Nyulászi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research Group Budapest University of Technology and Economics Szent Gellért tér 4 1111 Budapest Hungary
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of Chemistry University of Helsinki P.O Box 55 00014 University of Helsinki Finland
| | - Dietrich Gudat
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie University of Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70550 Stuttgart Germany
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7
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Franz R, Bruhn C, Pietschnig R. C2-Symmetric P-Stereogenic Ferrocene Ligands with Heavier Chalcogenophosphinous Acid Ester Donor Sites. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071899. [PMID: 33801715 PMCID: PMC8037359 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
tert-Butyl-substituted diphospha[2]ferrocenophane was used as a stereochemically confined diphosphane to investigate the addition of various dichalcoganes (R2Ch2; Ch = S, Se, Te and R = Me, Ph). Bischalcogenophosphinous acid esters bearing four soft donor sides were obtained as a mixture of rac and meso diastereomers and characterized by means of multinuclear NMR and X-ray analysis. The coordination chemistry of multidentate ligand 3b was explored toward d10 coinage metal centers (Cu(I), Ag(I), and Au(I)), yielding various bimetallic complexes.
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Frenzel LM, Bruhn C, Pietschnig R. Di-tert-butyl-triphospha-[3]ferrocenophane as ligand towards group 10 metals. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2020.120091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Franz R, Nasemann S, Bruhn C, Kelemen Z, Pietschnig R. Chalcogen-Transfer Rearrangement: Exploring Inter- versus Intramolecular P-P Bond Activation. Chemistry 2021; 27:641-648. [PMID: 32678960 PMCID: PMC7839705 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
tert-Butyl-substituted diphospha[2]ferrocenophane has been used as a stereochemically confined diphosphane to explore the addition of O, S, Se and Te. Although the diphosphanylchalcogane has been obtained for tellurium, all other chalcogens give diphosphane monochalcogenides. The latter transform via chalcogen-transfer rearrangement to the corresponding diphosphanylchalcoganes upon heating. The kinetics of this rearrangement has been followed with NMR spectroscopy supported by DFT calculations. Intermediates during rearrangement point to a disproportionation/synproportionation mechanism for the S and Se derivatives. Cyclic voltammetry together with DFT studies indicate ferrocene-centred oxidation for most of the compounds presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Franz
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich Plett-Strasse 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Sina Nasemann
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich Plett-Strasse 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich Plett-Strasse 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryBudapest University of Technology and Economics and MTA-BME, Computation Driven Chemistry Research GroupSzent Gellért tér 41111BudapestHungary
| | - Rudolf Pietschnig
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich Plett-Strasse 4034132KasselGermany
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10
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Isenberg S, Weller S, Kargin D, Valić S, Schwederski B, Kelemen Z, Bruhn C, Krekić K, Maurer M, Feil CM, Nieger M, Gudat D, Nyulászi L, Pietschnig R. Bis-[3]Ferrocenophanes with Central >E-E'< Bonds (E, E'=P, SiH): Preparation, Properties, and Thermal Activation. ChemistryOpen 2019; 8:1235-1243. [PMID: 31592068 PMCID: PMC6769432 DOI: 10.1002/open.201900182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of bis-[3]ferrocenophanes of the general type Fe(C5H4E')2E-E(E'C5H4)2Fe (E=P, SiH and E'=PtBu, NneoPentyl, NSi(CH3)3) with an isolobal molecular framework have been prepared and characterized by heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. The thermal dissociation behavior with respect to homolytic fission of the central bond generating phosphorus centered radicals was investigated using EPR spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Isenberg
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich Plett-Straße 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Stefan Weller
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570550StuttgartGermany
| | - Denis Kargin
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich Plett-Straße 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Srećko Valić
- Ruđer Bošković InstituteBijenička cesta 5410000ZagrebCroatia
| | - Brigitte Schwederski
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570550StuttgartGermany
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich Plett-Straße 4034132KasselGermany
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research GroupBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsSzent Gellért tér 41111BudapestHungary
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich Plett-Straße 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Kristijan Krekić
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich Plett-Straße 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Martin Maurer
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich Plett-Straße 4034132KasselGermany
| | - Christoph M. Feil
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570550StuttgartGermany
| | - Martin Nieger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiP.O Box 55Helsinki00014Finland
| | - Dietrich Gudat
- Institute for Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of StuttgartPfaffenwaldring 5570550StuttgartGermany
| | - László Nyulászi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry and MTA-BME Computation Driven Chemistry Research GroupBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsSzent Gellért tér 41111BudapestHungary
| | - Rudolf Pietschnig
- Institute for Chemistry and CINSaTUniversity of KasselHeinrich Plett-Straße 4034132KasselGermany
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11
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Weller S, Schlindwein SH, Feil CM, Kelemen Z, Buzsáki D, Nyulászi L, Isenberg S, Pietschnig R, Nieger M, Gudat D. Controllable access to P-functional [3]ferrocenophane and [4]ferrocenophane frameworks. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:6236-6247. [PMID: 30984960 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00892f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Condensation of secondary 1,1'-diaminoferrocenes with phosphorus trihalides (PCl3 or PBr3) yielded either P-halo-1,3-diaza-2-phospha[3]ferrocenophanes or 1,1'-diaminoferrocenediyl-bis(dichlorophosphines), respectively. The latter provide controlled access to both [3]- and [4]ferrocene frameworks. Thus, reductive coupling with magnesium gave diaza-diphospha[4]ferrocenophane-annelated tetraphosphetanes, while a reaction with LiNMe2 produced a P-chloro-diazaphospha[3]ferrocenophane. Condensation of diaminoferrocenes and aminodichlorophosphines were mostly unselective, but afforded in one case a 3-amino[3]ferrocenophane. All reaction products were characterised by spectroscopic and single-crystal XRD studies. DFT studies indicate that the product selectivity in the reactions studied depends on a combination of kinetic and thermodynamic effects, which correlate subtly with the steric bulk of the N-substituents. Cyclic voltammetry measurements revealed that the ferrocenophanes can undergo multiple oxidation events, the first of which may according to DFT studies be located in both the ferrocene and aminophosphine units. The quantum chemical studies provided also insight into stereochemical aspects like ring strain in the ferrocenophane units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Weller
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70550 Stuttgart, Germany.
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12
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Kargin D, Krekić K, Pietschnig R. Preparation and Molecular Structure of a Cationic Bisplumbylene. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Kargin
- Institute of Chemistry and CINSaT University of Kassel Heinrich‐Plett‐Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Kristijan Krekić
- Institute of Chemistry and CINSaT University of Kassel Heinrich‐Plett‐Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
| | - Rudolf Pietschnig
- Institute of Chemistry and CINSaT University of Kassel Heinrich‐Plett‐Straße 40 34132 Kassel Germany
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13
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Coburger P, Grützmacher H, Hey-Hawkins E. Molecular doping: accessing the first carborane-substituted 1,2,3-triphospholanide via insertion of P− into a P−P bond. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:3187-3190. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00205g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Insertion of a P− anion into a P–P bond yielding the first carborane-substituted 1,2,3-triphospholanide 1 was achieved by treating a carborane-substitued 1,2-diphosphetane with sodium phosphaethynolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Coburger
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- D-04103 Leipzig
- Germany
| | - Hansjörg Grützmacher
- ETH Zurich, Lab. für Anorganische Chemie
- 8093 Zürich
- Switzerland
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM), School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry
- D-04103 Leipzig
- Germany
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15
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Lik A, Kargin D, Isenberg S, Kelemen Z, Pietschnig R, Helten H. PBP bridged [3]ferrocenophane: a bisphosphanylborane with a redox trigger. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2471-2474. [PMID: 29387839 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09759j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stereospecific access to the unprecedented P-B-P bridged [3]ferrocenophane Fe(C5H4PtBu)2BMes is presented. In contrast to acyclic ferrocenylphosphanes, we find evidence for a shift of spin-density from Fe to P upon pyramidal inversion of the P centers in the mono-cation; the latter has a lifetime of τ = 0.31(4) s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Lik
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
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16
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Borucki S, Kelemen Z, Maurer M, Bruhn C, Nyulászi L, Pietschnig R. Stereochemical Alignment in Triphospha[3]ferrocenophanes. Chemistry 2017; 23:10438-10450. [PMID: 28557205 PMCID: PMC5582601 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A series of triphospha[3]ferrocenophanes of the type Fe(C5 H4 -PtBu)2 PX with X=H, F, Cl, Br, I, NEt2 , tBu has been prepared and characterized by heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Despite having three stereogenic centers, the selective formation of a reduced number of diastereomers (either one or two) has been observed for these ferrocenophanes. Theoretical calculations revealed that the inversion of the central stereogenic center inverts the frontier orbital sequence leading to either an iron or a phosphorus centered HOMO depending on the respective diastereomer. CV measurements supported these results. For the all-tert-butyl substituted [3]ferrocenophane Fe(C5 H4 )2 (PtBu)3 a chiral staggered conformation has been found in the solid state which differs substantially from the only other all-organo substituted [3]ferrocenophane, Fe(C5 H4 )2 (PPh)3 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Borucki
- Institut für Chemie und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Zsolt Kelemen
- Institut für Chemie und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Martin Maurer
- Institut für Chemie und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - Clemens Bruhn
- Institut für Chemie und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
| | - László Nyulászi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szent Gellért tér 4, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rudolf Pietschnig
- Institut für Chemie und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich Plett-Straße 40, 34132, Kassel, Germany
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