1
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Gerhards L, Werr M, Hübner O, Solov'yov IA, Himmel HJ. Peculiar Differences between Two Copper Complexes Containing Similar Redox-Active Ligands: Density Functional and Multiconfigurational Calculations. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:961-975. [PMID: 38157840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal complexes featuring redox-active ligands often exhibit multiple redox states, influenced by the interplay between the metal center and the ligand. This study delves into the electronic structures of two mononuclear complexes of copper with two similar redox-active urea azine ligands. The ligands differ by the replacement of an NCH3 moiety by an S atom in the ligand backbone. Experimental analysis yields pronounced electronic structural disparities between these complexes, observable in both the solution and solid phases. Conventional quantum chemical methods, such as density functional theory using different functionals (B3LYP, TPSSh, and CAM-B3LYP), remain inadequate to rationalize the observed spectroscopic anomalies. However, a multiconfigurational approach elucidates the disparate behaviors of these complexes. Multireference perturbation theory, based on complete active space self-consistent field computations, identifies Cu(I) in the case of the complex with the NCH3 containing ligands and a state with substantial Cu(II) contributions in the case of the complex with the S atom containing ligands. In contrast, DFT indicates Cu(I) in both scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Gerhards
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Street 9-11, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Marco Werr
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Olaf Hübner
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Ilia A Solov'yov
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Street 9-11, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
- Research Center for Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26111, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Dynamics (CENAD), Carl von OssietzkyUniversität Oldenburg, Institut Für Physik, Ammerländer Heerstreet 114-118, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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2
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Haaf S, Engels E, Kaifer E, Himmel HJ. Hexaguanidino-Triptycenes and Triphenylenes: Electronic Coupling in Molecules Containing Three Redox-Active o-Diguanidinobenzene Units Connected either Directly or Interacting Through Homoconjugation. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202301903. [PMID: 37815019 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Novel redox-active hexaguanidine molecules with multiple redox states were synthesized by connecting three o-diguanidinobenzene units. In 2,3,6,7,14,15-hexaguanidino-triptycenes, the three redox-active o-diguanidinobenzene units are connected through C-C bonds to the sp3 -hybridized bridgehead C atoms, and in 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaguanidino-triphenylenes they are directly connected. The connectivity difference leads to different electronic coupling between the three redox-active o-diguanidinobenzene units, with homoconjugation being present in the triptycene, but not in the triphenylene compounds. Motivated by the appearance of an intense low-energy electronic transition, we especially analysed the effect of homoconjugation on the electronic structure and charge delocalization in the dicationic redox state of the triptycene derivatives. Then, several trinuclear high-spin cobalt (and copper) complexes were synthesized with the triphenylene and triptycene ligands, and the magnetic coupling and redox properties analysed. By choice of the coligands (hexafluoroacetylacetonate, trifluoroacetylacetonate and acetylacetonate), oxidation could be switched between metal- and ligand-centered redox events, leading to drastic changes in the magnetic or optical properties, especially as a consequence of homoconjugation in the triptycene derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Haaf
- Inorganic Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eliane Engels
- Inorganic Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Inorganic Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Inorganic Chemistry, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Lohmeyer L, Werr M, Kaifer E, Himmel H. Interplay and Competition Between Two Different Types of Redox-Active Ligands in Cobalt Complexes: How to Allocate the Electrons? Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201789. [PMID: 35894809 PMCID: PMC9804828 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The field of molecular transition metal complexes with redox-active ligands is dominated by compounds with one or two units of the same redox-active ligand; complexes in which different redox-active ligands are bound to the same metal are uncommon. This work reports the first molecular coordination compounds in which redox-active bisguanidine or urea azine (biguanidine) ligands as well as oxolene ligands are bound to the same cobalt atom. The combination of two different redox-active ligands leads to mono- as well as unprecedented dinuclear cobalt complexes, being multiple (four or six) center redox systems with intriguing electronic structures, all exhibiting radical ligands. By changing the redox potential of the ligands through derivatisation, the electronic structure of the complexes could be altered in a rational way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Lohmeyer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Marco Werr
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Hans‐Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
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4
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Lohmeyer L, Kaifer E, Himmel HJ. Solvent-Induced Redox Isomerism of Cobalt Complexes with Redox-Active Bisguanidine Ligands. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:8440-8454. [PMID: 35612530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Redox-isomeric coordination compounds, in which the magnetic and optical properties could be varied by a stimulated intramolecular electron transfer between the metal and a redox-active ligand, are of interest for several applications in catalysis and materials science. In this work, the redox chemistry of cobalt complexes with redox-active bisguanidine ligands is studied; systematic modifications at the redox-active bisguanidine and the co-ligand units allow for fine-tuning of the electronic structure, which eventually leads to the first observation of redox isomerism for cobalt complexes with redox-active guanidine ligands. Redox isomerism is triggered by a change in the solvent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Lohmeyer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Wild U, Hübner O, Enders M, Kaifer E, Himmel HJ. Connecting Organic Redox‐Active Building Blocks Through Mild Non‐Catalytic C‐H Activation. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ute Wild
- Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg Fakultat fur Chemie und Geowissenschaften Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Olaf Hübner
- Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg Fakultat fur Chemie und Geowissenschaften Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Markus Enders
- Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg Fakultat fur Chemie und Geowissenschaften Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg Fakultat fur Chemie und Geowissenschaften Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Institut für Anorganische Chemie Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg GERMANY
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6
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Heck J, Metz F, Buchenau S, Teubner M, Grimm-Lebsanft B, Spaniol TP, Hoffmann A, Rübhausen MA, Herres-Pawlis S. Manipulating electron transfer – the influence of substituents on novel copper guanidine quinolinyl complexes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:8274-8288. [PMID: 35919707 PMCID: PMC9297705 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02910c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper guanidine quinolinyl complexes act as good entatic state models due to their distorted structures leading to a high similarity between Cu(i) and Cu(ii) complexes. For a better understanding of the entatic state principle regarding electron transfer a series of guanidine quinolinyl ligands with different substituents in the 2- and 4-position were synthesized to examine the influence on the electron transfer properties of the corresponding copper complexes. Substituents with different steric or electronic influences were chosen. The effects on the properties of the copper complexes were studied applying different experimental and theoretical methods. The molecular structures of the bis(chelate) copper complexes were examined in the solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and in solution by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealing a significant impact of the substituents on the complex structures. For a better insight natural bond orbital (NBO) calculations of the ligands and copper complexes were performed. The electron transfer was analysed by the determination of the electron self-exchange rates following Marcus theory. The obtained results were correlated with the results of the structural analysis of the complexes and of the NBO calculations. Nelsen's four-point method calculations give a deeper understanding of the thermodynamic properties of the electron transfer. These studies reveal a significant impact of the substituents on the properties of the copper complexes. Copper guanidine quinolinyl complexes act as good entatic state models for the electron transfer due to a high similarity between the corresponding Cu(i) and Cu(ii) complexes. The introduction of substituents leads to a further enhancement.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Heck
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Metz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sören Buchenau
- Institute of Nanostructure and Solid State Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melissa Teubner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Nanostructure and Solid State Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Grimm-Lebsanft
- Institute of Nanostructure and Solid State Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas P. Spaniol
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael A. Rübhausen
- Institute of Nanostructure and Solid State Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Herres-Pawlis
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1a, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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7
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Steuer L, Kaifer E, Himmel HJ. On the metal-ligand bonding in dinuclear complexes with redox-active guanidine ligands. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:9467-9482. [PMID: 34136887 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01354h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Coordination compounds with redox-active ligands are currently intensively studied. Within this research theme, redox-active guanidines have been established as a new, eminent class of redox-active ligands. In this work the variation of metal-guanidine bonding in dinuclear transition metal complexes with bridging redox-active tetrakisguanidine ligands is analysed. A series of dinuclear complexes with different metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn) is synthesized, using either newly prepared redox-active tetrakisguanidino-dioxine or previously reported tetrakisguanidino-benzene ligands. The discussion of the bond properties in this work is predominantly based on the trends of structural parameters, derived from determination of single-crystal structures by X-ray diffraction and quantum chemical calculations. In addition, the trends in the redox potentials and magnetometric (SQUID) measurements on some of the complexes are included. Due to their combined σ- and π-electron donor capability, redox-active guanidine ligands are weak-field ligands; the σ- and π-bonding contributions vary with the metal. The results highlight the peculiarity of copper-guanidine bonding with a high π-bond contribution to metal-guanidine bonding, enabled by structural distortion of the coordination mode from tetrahedral in the direction of square-planar, short copper-guanidine bonds and minor displacement of the copper atoms from the ligand aromatic plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Steuer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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8
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Haaf S, Kaifer E, Wadepohl H, Himmel H. Use of Crown Ether Functions as Secondary Coordination Spheres for the Manipulation of Ligand-Metal Intramolecular Electron Transfer in Copper-Guanidine Complexes. Chemistry 2021; 27:959-970. [PMID: 32833269 PMCID: PMC7839521 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Intramolecular electron transfer (IET) between a redox-active organic ligand and a metal in a complex is of fundamental interest and used in a variety of applications. In this work it is demonstrated that secondary coordination sphere motifs can be applied to trigger a radical change in the electronic structure of copper complexes with a redox-active guanidine ligand through ligand-metal IET. Hence, crown ether functions attached to the ligand allow the manipulation of the degree of IET between the guanidine ligand and the copper atom through metal encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Haaf
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Hans‐Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
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9
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Ludwig S, Helmdach K, Hüttenschmidt M, Oberem E, Rabeah J, Villinger A, Ludwig R, Seidel WW. Metal/Metal Redox Isomerism Governed by Configuration. Chemistry 2020; 26:16811-16817. [PMID: 32648996 PMCID: PMC7756430 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
A pair of diastereomeric dinuclear complexes, [Tp′(CO)BrW{μ‐η2‐C,C′‐κ2‐S,P‐C2(PPh2)S}Ru(η5‐C5H5)(PPh3)], in which W and Ru are bridged by a phosphinyl(thiolato)alkyne in a side‐on carbon P,S‐chelate coordination mode, were synthesized, separated and fully characterized. Even though the isomers are similar in their spectroscopic properties and redox potentials, the like‐isomer is oxidized at W while the unlike‐isomer is oxidized at Ru, which is proven by IR, NIR and EPR‐spectroscopy supported by spectro‐electrochemistry and computational methods. The second oxidation of the complexes was shown to take place at the metal left unaffected in the first redox step. Finally, the tipping point could be realized in the unlike isomer of the electronically tuned thiophenolate congener [Tp′(CO)(PhS)W{μ‐η2‐C,C′‐κ2‐S,P‐C2(PPh2)S}Ru(η5‐C5H5)‐(PPh3)], in which valence trapped WIII/RuII and WII/RuIII cationic species are at equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Ludwig
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kai Helmdach
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mareike Hüttenschmidt
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Oberem
- Department Life, Light & Matter, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 25, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jabor Rabeah
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e.V., Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ralf Ludwig
- Department Life, Light & Matter, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 25, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Wolfram W Seidel
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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10
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Das A, Hessin C, Ren Y, Desage-El Murr M. Biological concepts for catalysis and reactivity: empowering bioinspiration. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:8840-8867. [PMID: 33107878 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00914h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biological systems provide attractive reactivity blueprints for the design of challenging chemical transformations. Emulating the operating mode of natural systems may however not be so easy and direct translation of structural observations does not always afford the anticipated efficiency. Metalloenzymes rely on earth-abundant metals to perform an incredibly wide range of chemical transformations. To do so, enzymes in general have evolved tools and tricks to enable control of such reactivity. The underlying concepts related to these tools are usually well-known to enzymologists and bio(inorganic) chemists but may be a little less familiar to organometallic chemists. So far, the field of bioinspired catalysis has greatly focused on the coordination sphere and electronic effects for the design of functional enzyme models but might benefit from a paradigm shift related to recent findings in biological systems. The goal of this review is to bring these fields closer together as this could likely result in the development of a new generation of highly efficient bioinspired systems. This contribution covers the fields of redox-active ligands, entatic state reactivity, energy conservation through electron bifurcation, and quantum tunneling for C-H activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnideep Das
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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11
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Lohmeyer L, Kaifer E, Wadepohl H, Himmel H. 1,2,5,6-Tetrakis(guanidino)-Naphthalenes: Electron Donors, Fluorescent Probes and Redox-Active Ligands. Chemistry 2020; 26:5834-5845. [PMID: 32017282 PMCID: PMC7318682 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
New redox-active 1,2,5,6-tetrakis(guanidino)-naphthalene compounds, isolable and storable in the neutral and deep-green dicationic redox states and oxidisable further in two one-electron steps to the tetracations, are reported. Protonation switches on blue fluorescence, with the fluorescence intensity (quantum yield) increasing with the degree of protonation. Reactions with N-halogenosuccinimides or N-halogenophthalimides led to a series of new redox-active halogeno- and succinimido-/phthalimido-substituted derivatives. These highly selective reactions are proposed to proceed via the tri- or tetracationic state as the intermediate. The derivatives are oxidised reversibly at slightly higher potentials than that of the unsubstituted compounds to dications and further to tri- and tetracations. The integration of redox-active ligands in the transition-metal complexes shifts the redox potentials to higher values and also allows reversible oxidation in two potentially separated one-electron steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Lohmeyer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Hans‐Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
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12
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Das A, Ren Y, Hessin C, Desage-El Murr M. Copper catalysis with redox-active ligands. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:858-870. [PMID: 32461767 PMCID: PMC7214867 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Copper catalysis finds applications in various synthetic fields by utilizing the ability of copper to sustain mono- and bielectronic elementary steps. Further to the development of well-defined copper complexes with classical ligands such as phosphines and N-heterocyclic carbenes, a new and fast-expanding area of research is exploring the possibility of a complementing metal-centered reactivity with electronic participation by the coordination sphere. To achieve this electronic flexibility, redox-active ligands can be used to engage in a fruitful “electronic dialogue” with the metal center, and provide additional venues for electron transfer. This review aims to present the latest results in the area of copper-based cooperative catalysis with redox-active ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnideep Das
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Yufeng Ren
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 8232, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Cheriehan Hessin
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Marine Desage-El Murr
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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13
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Quinolinyl Imidazolidin-2-imine Nickel Catalyzed Efficient Copolymerization of Norbornene with para-Chlorostyrene. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Ren Y, Forté J, Cheaib K, Vanthuyne N, Fensterbank L, Vezin H, Orio M, Blanchard S, Desage-El Murr M. Optimizing Group Transfer Catalysis by Copper Complex with Redox-Active Ligand in an Entatic State. iScience 2020; 23:100955. [PMID: 32199288 PMCID: PMC7083792 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metalloenzymes use earth-abundant non-noble metals to perform high-fidelity transformations in the biological world. To ensure chemical efficiency, metalloenzymes have acquired evolutionary reactivity-enhancing tools. Among these, the entatic state model states that a strongly distorted geometry induced by ligands around a metal center gives rise to an energized structure called entatic state, strongly improving the reactivity. However, the original definition refers both to the transfer of electrons or chemical groups, whereas the chemical application of this concept in synthetic systems has mostly focused on electron transfer, therefore eluding chemical transformations. Here we report that a highly strained redox-active ligand enables a copper complex to perform catalytic nitrogen- and carbon-group transfer in as fast as 2 min, thus exhibiting a strong increase in reactivity compared with its unstrained analogue. This report combines two reactivity-enhancing features from metalloenzymes, entasis and redox cofactors, applied to group-transfer catalysis. We design a catalyst interfacing two reactivity-enhancing tools from metalloenzymes This work merges redox-active cofactors and entatic state reactivity The modifications in the coordination sphere lead to enhanced catalytic behavior These results open perspectives in bioinspired catalysis and group-transfer reactions
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Ren
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 8232, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jeremy Forté
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 8232, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Khaled Cheaib
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 8232, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, UMR CNRS 7313, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Louis Fensterbank
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 8232, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hervé Vezin
- Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, LASIR, UMR CNRS 8516, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Maylis Orio
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, UMR CNRS 7313, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Sébastien Blanchard
- Sorbonne Université, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 8232, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marine Desage-El Murr
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut de Chimie, UMR CNRS 7177, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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15
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Giereth R, Mengele AK, Frey W, Kloß M, Steffen A, Karnahl M, Tschierlei S. Copper(I) Phosphinooxazoline Complexes: Impact of the Ligand Substitution and Steric Demand on the Electrochemical and Photophysical Properties. Chemistry 2020; 26:2675-2684. [PMID: 31747089 PMCID: PMC7065177 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of seven homoleptic CuI complexes based on hetero-bidentate P^N ligands was synthesized and comprehensively characterized. In order to study structure-property relationships, the type, size, number and configuration of substituents at the phosphinooxazoline (phox) ligands were systematically varied. To this end, a combination of X-ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, steady-state absorption and emission spectroscopy, time-resolved emission spectroscopy, quenching experiments and cyclic voltammetry was used to assess the photophysical and electrochemical properties. Furthermore, time-dependent density functional theory calculations were applied to also analyze the excited state structures and characteristics. Surprisingly, a strong dependency on the chirality of the respective P^N ligand was found, whereas the specific kind and size of the different substituents has only a minor impact on the properties in solution. Most importantly, all complexes except C3 are photostable in solution and show fully reversible redox processes. Sacrificial reductants were applied to demonstrate a successful electron transfer upon light irradiation. These properties render this class of photosensitizers as potential candidates for solar energy conversion issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Giereth
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander K Mengele
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marvin Kloß
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Andreas Steffen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Karnahl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefanie Tschierlei
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry I, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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16
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Werr M, Kaifer E, Wadepohl H, Himmel HJ. Tuneable Redox Chemistry and Electrochromism of Persistent Symmetric and Asymmetric Azine Radical Cations. Chemistry 2019; 25:12981-12990. [PMID: 31306523 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular organic radicals have been intensively studied in the last decades, due to their interesting optical, magnetic and redox properties. Here we report the synthesis and characterisation of persistent organic radicals from one-electron oxidation of redox-active azines (RAAs), composed of two guanidinyl or related groups. By connecting two different groups together, asymmetric compounds result. In this way a series of compounds with varying redox potential is obtained that could be oxidised reversibly to the mono- and the dicationic charge states. The accessible redox states were fully determined by chemical redox reactions. The standard Gibbs free energy change for disproportionation of the radical monocation into the dication and the neutral molecule in solution, estimated from cyclovoltammetric measurements, varies between 43 and 71 kJ mol-1 . While the neutral RAAs absorb predominately UV light, the radical monocations display strong absorptions covering almost the entire visible region and extending for some compounds into the NIR region. A detailed analysis of this highly reversible electrochromism is presented, and the fast switching characteristics are demonstrated in an electrochromic test device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Werr
- Anorganisch Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Anorganisch Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Schön F, Biebl F, Greb L, Leingang S, Grimm‐Lebsanft B, Teubner M, Buchenau S, Kaifer E, Rübhausen MA, Himmel H. On the Metal Cooperativity in a Dinuclear Copper–Guanidine Complex for Aliphatic C−H Bond Cleavage by Dioxygen. Chemistry 2019; 25:11257-11268. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schön
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Florian Biebl
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und FestkörperphysikUniversität Hamburg and Center for Free Electron Laser Science Luruper Chaussee 149 22761 Hamburg Germany
| | - Lutz Greb
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Simone Leingang
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Benjamin Grimm‐Lebsanft
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und FestkörperphysikUniversität Hamburg and Center for Free Electron Laser Science Luruper Chaussee 149 22761 Hamburg Germany
| | - Melissa Teubner
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und FestkörperphysikUniversität Hamburg and Center for Free Electron Laser Science Luruper Chaussee 149 22761 Hamburg Germany
| | - Sören Buchenau
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und FestkörperphysikUniversität Hamburg and Center for Free Electron Laser Science Luruper Chaussee 149 22761 Hamburg Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael A. Rübhausen
- Institut für Nanostruktur- und FestkörperphysikUniversität Hamburg and Center for Free Electron Laser Science Luruper Chaussee 149 22761 Hamburg Germany
| | - Hans‐Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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18
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Schön F, Kaifer E, Himmel H. Catalytic Aerobic Phenol Homo‐ and Cross‐Coupling Reactions with Copper Complexes Bearing Redox‐Active Guanidine Ligands. Chemistry 2019; 25:8279-8288. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201900583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schön
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Hans‐Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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19
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Doddi A, Peters M, Tamm M. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Adducts of Main Group Elements and Their Use as Ligands in Transition Metal Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:6994-7112. [PMID: 30983327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) are nowadays ubiquitous and indispensable in many research fields, and it is not possible to imagine modern transition metal and main group element chemistry without the plethora of available NHCs with tailor-made electronic and steric properties. While their suitability to act as strong ligands toward transition metals has led to numerous applications of NHC complexes in homogeneous catalysis, their strong σ-donating and adaptable π-accepting abilities have also contributed to an impressive vitalization of main group chemistry with the isolation and characterization of NHC adducts of almost any element. Formally, NHC coordination to Lewis acids affords a transfer of nucleophilicity from the carbene carbon atom to the attached exocyclic moiety, and low-valent and low-coordinate adducts of the p-block elements with available lone pairs and/or polarized carbon-element π-bonds are able to act themselves as Lewis basic donor ligands toward transition metals. Accordingly, the availability of a large number of novel NHC adducts has not only produced new varieties of already existing ligand classes but has also allowed establishment of numerous complexes with unusual and often unprecedented element-metal bonds. This review aims at summarizing this development comprehensively and covers the usage of N-heterocyclic carbene adducts of the p-block elements as ligands in transition metal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adinarayana Doddi
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marius Peters
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Tamm
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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20
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Ortmeyer J, Vukadinovic Y, Neuba A, Flörke U, Henkel G. Combining a Phenanthroline Moiety with Peralkylated Guanidine Residues: Homometallic Cu
II
, Ni
II
and Zn
II
Halide Complexes with Site‐Differentiating Janus Head Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Ortmeyer
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften Department Chemie Universität Paderborn Warburger Strasse 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Yannik Vukadinovic
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften Department Chemie Universität Paderborn Warburger Strasse 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Adam Neuba
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften Department Chemie Universität Paderborn Warburger Strasse 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Ulrich Flörke
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften Department Chemie Universität Paderborn Warburger Strasse 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
| | - Gerald Henkel
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften Department Chemie Universität Paderborn Warburger Strasse 100 33098 Paderborn Germany
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21
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Stanek J, Konrad M, Mannsperger J, Hoffmann A, Herres-Pawlis S. Influence of Functionalized Substituents on the Electron-Transfer Abilities of Copper Guanidinoquinoline Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Stanek
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Marc Konrad
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Johannes Mannsperger
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Sonja Herres-Pawlis
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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22
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Schrempp DF, Kaifer E, Himmel HJ. Solvent Control of Ligand-Metal Electron Transfer in Mononuclear Copper Complexes with Redox-Active Bisguanidine Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David F. Schrempp
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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23
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24
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Lorenz R, Kaifer E, Wadepohl H, Himmel HJ. Di- and tetranuclear transition metal complexes of a tetrakisguanidino-substituted phenazine dye by stepwise coordination. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:11016-11029. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02176g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Coordination of a tetrakisguanidino-substituted phenazine dye in two steps provides rational access to tetranuclear homo- and heterobimetallic complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Lorenz
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
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25
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Ziesak A, Steuer L, Kaifer E, Wagner N, Beck J, Wadepohl H, Himmel HJ. Intramolecular metal–ligand electron transfer triggered by co-ligand substitution. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:9430-9441. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01234b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Labile co-ligands are attached to a dinuclear copper(i) complex with a redox-active bridging guanidine ligand. Their substitution triggers electron-transfer from the copper atoms to the guanidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ziesak
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Lena Steuer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kaifer
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Norbert Wagner
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Johannes Beck
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie
- Universität Bonn
- 53121 Bonn
- Germany
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
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