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Shan Q, Wu Y, Chen M, Zhao X, Loh T, Hu X. Synergistic Copper-Aminocatalysis for Direct Tertiary α-Alkylation of Ketones with Electron-Deficient Alkanes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2402255. [PMID: 38885363 PMCID: PMC11336924 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a novel approach for the tertiary α-alkylation of ketones using alkanes with electron-deficient C─H bonds is presented, employing a synergistic catalytic system combining inexpensive copper salts with aminocatalysis. This methodology addresses the limitations of traditional alkylation methods, such as the need for strong metallic bases, regioselectivity issues, and the risk of over alkylation, by providing a high reactivity and chemoselectivity without the necessity for pre-functionalized substrates. The dual catalytic strategy enables the direct functionalization of C(sp3)─H bonds, demonstrating remarkable selectivity in the presence of conventional C(sp3)─H bonds that are adjacent to heteroatoms or π systems, which are typically susceptible to single-electron transfer processes. The findings contribute to the advancement of alkylation techniques, offering a practical and efficient route for the construction of C(sp3)─C(sp3) bonds, and paving the way for further developments in the synthesis of complex organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi‐Chao Shan
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - You‐Wei Wu
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Mu‐Xiang Chen
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Xuefei Zhao
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
| | - Teck‐Peng Loh
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and TechnologyHenan University of Technology100 Lianhua StreetZhengzhou450001China
- Division of Chemistry and Biological ChemistrySchool of ChemistryChemical Engineering and BiotechnologyNanyang Technological University21 Nanyang LinkSingapore637371Singapore
| | - Xu‐Hong Hu
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech University30 South Puzhu RoadNanjing211816China
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Nishikata T. α-Halocarbonyls as a Valuable Functionalized Tertiary Alkyl Source. ChemistryOpen 2024:e202400108. [PMID: 38989712 DOI: 10.1002/open.202400108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This review introduces the synthetic organic chemical value of α-bromocarbonyl compounds with tertiary carbons. This α-bromocarbonyl compound with a tertiary carbon has been used primarily only as a radical initiator in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) reactions. However, with the recent development of photo-radical reactions (around 2010), research on the use of α-bromocarbonyl compounds as tertiary alkyl radical precursors became popular (around 2012). As more examples were reported, α-bromocarbonyl compounds were studied not only as radicals but also for their applications in organometallic and ionic reactions. That is, α-bromocarbonyl compounds act as nucleophiles as well as electrophiles. The carbonyl group of α-bromocarbonyl compounds is also attractive because it allows the skeleton to be converted after the reaction, and it is being applied to total synthesis. In our survey until 2022, α-bromocarbonyl compounds can be used to perform a full range of reactions necessary for organic synthesis, including multi-component reactions, cross-coupling, substitution, cyclization, rearrangement, stereospecific reactions, asymmetric reactions. α-Bromocarbonyl compounds have created a new trend in tertiary alkylation, which until then had limited reaction patterns in organic synthesis. This review focuses on how α-bromocarbonyl compounds can be used in synthetic organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nishikata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8611, Japan
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Wang J, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Zheng P, Zou P, Wu G. Alkyltin fluorides as alkylating reagent in aminoalkylation of maleimides. Org Biomol Chem 2023. [PMID: 37377436 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00889d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Alkyltin fluoride is a frequently used electrophilic stannylation reagent via the cleavage of the Sn-F bond in traditional organic synthetic chemistry. Herein, we report the unprecedented copper-catalyzed aminoalkylation of maleimides using alkyltin fluoride as alkylating reagent through cleavage of the C-Sn bond via a radical pathway. Excellent functional group tolerance, use of O2 as green oxidant and late-stage modification of some drug intermediates are the standout features of the current toolbox. Mechanistic studies reveal that alkyltin fluorides are capable of producing alkyl radicals in a Cu/O2 catalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yafei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peisen Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peng Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ge Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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Saliyeva LM, Dyachenko IV, Danyliuk IY, Vovk MV. Di-, tetra-, and perhydropyrrolo[1,2- a]imidazoles: The Methods of Synthesis and Some Aspects of Application. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2023; 58:661-680. [PMID: 36687505 PMCID: PMC9838525 DOI: 10.1007/s10593-023-03142-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The review summarizes and systematizes the literature data on the synthesis and some aspects of application of pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazoles. Synthetic approaches are grouped according to the degree of saturation of the product pyrroloimidazole ring. The bibliography of the review includes 110 sources over the last 15 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesya M. Saliyeva
- Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, 13 Voli Ave, Lutsk, 43025 Ukraine
| | - Irina V. Dyachenko
- Institut de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Nord Ave., Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Ivanna Yu. Danyliuk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Akademika Kukhara St, Kyiv, 02094 Ukraine
| | - Mykhailo V. Vovk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 5 Akademika Kukhara St, Kyiv, 02094 Ukraine
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Zhou X, Shi S, Chen L, Wu G, Ma Y. Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Carboamination of Maleimides with Amines and α‐Bromo Carboxylates. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ge Wu
- Wenzhou Medical University CHINA
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Kurose A, Ishida Y, Hirata G, Nishikata T. Direct α‐Tertiary Alkylations of Ketones in a Combined Copper–Organocatalyst System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Kurose
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamaguchi University 2-16-1 Tokiwadai Ube Yamaguchi 755-8611 Japan
| | - Yuto Ishida
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamaguchi University 2-16-1 Tokiwadai Ube Yamaguchi 755-8611 Japan
| | - Goki Hirata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamaguchi University 2-16-1 Tokiwadai Ube Yamaguchi 755-8611 Japan
| | - Takashi Nishikata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamaguchi University 2-16-1 Tokiwadai Ube Yamaguchi 755-8611 Japan
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Kurose A, Ishida Y, Hirata G, Nishikata T. Direct α-Tertiary Alkylations of Ketones in a Combined Copper-Organocatalyst System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10620-10625. [PMID: 33826789 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report an efficient method for the tertiary alkylation of a ketone by using an α-bromocarbonyl compound as the tertiary alkyl source in a combined Cu-organocatalyst system. This dual catalyst system enables the addition of a tertiary alkyl radical to an enamine. Mechanistic studies revealed that the catalytically generated enamine is a key intermediate in the catalytic cycle. The developed method can be used to synthesize substituted 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds containing quaternary carbons bearing various alkyl chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Kurose
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8611, Japan
| | - Yuto Ishida
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8611, Japan
| | - Goki Hirata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8611, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishikata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamaguchi University, 2-16-1 Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8611, Japan
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Für CS, Horváth EJ, Szigetvári Á, Dékány M, Hazai L, Keglevich G, Bölcskei H. Synthesis of Spiro[cycloalkane-pyridazinones] with High Fsp3 Character Part 2*. LETT ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178617999200728214211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
An extended compound library of spiro[cycloalkane-pyridazinones] with a high Fsp3 character
is targeted. There are two possibilities to improve the physicochemical parameters of a drug candidate
molecules or building blocks, either to replace the aromatic systems with bioisoster heteroaromatic
moieties, e.g. with one or two nitrogen containing ring systems (pyridines, pyridazines, pyrimidines,
etc.), or to increase the Fsp3 character of the compounds. Using a new synthetic approach,
the Grignard reaction of 2-oxaspiro[4.5]decane-1,3-dione and 2-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane-1,3-dione with
p-halophenyl- or p-alkylphenyl-magnesium bromide resulted in the formation of the corresponding
2-oxoethyl-cycloalkanecarboxylic acids, which served as starting materials for the pyridazinones by
reaction with hydrazine or phenylhydrazine. The pyridazinones obtained were alkylated with methyliodide
or benzylbromide. 16 Novel 4-tolyl- or 4-halophenyl-2,3-diazaspiro[5.5]undec-3-en-1-one and
4-tolyl- or 4-halopyhenyl-7,8-diazaspiro[4.5]dec-8-en-6-one, and their N-methyl, N-benzyl, and
N-phenyl derivatives were synthetized. The physicochemical parameters and the Fsp3 character of the
novel compounds obtained were studied. A few of them showed excellent logP and clogP values, but
the introduction of a further phenyl group seemed to be disadvantageous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Sepsey Für
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest,Hungary
| | - Eszter Judit Horváth
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest,Hungary
| | - Áron Szigetvári
- Gedeon Richter Plc. Budapest X., Gyömrői út 19-21, Budapest 10. Pf.27. H-1475,Hungary
| | - Miklós Dékány
- Gedeon Richter Plc. Budapest X., Gyömrői út 19-21, Budapest 10. Pf.27. H-1475,Hungary
| | - László Hazai
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest,Hungary
| | - György Keglevich
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest,Hungary
| | - Hedvig Bölcskei
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1521 Budapest,Hungary
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Yang F, Liu Z, Liu H, Shangguan Y, Deng H, Huang J, Xiao Y, Guo H, Zhang C. Cu-Catalysed synthesis of benzo[f]indole-2,4,9(3H)-triones by the reaction of 2-amino-1,4-napthoquinones with α-bromocarboxylates. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6724-6731. [PMID: 32832951 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00291g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A copper-catalysed cascade ester amidation/radical cyclization of 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinones with α-bromocarboxylates to afford benzo[f]indole-2,4,9(3H)-triones is described, and the reaction has a broad substrate scope and the desired products are obtained in mostly moderate to good yields. Mechanism-probing experiments indicate that the otherwise challenging radical coupling reaction of α-bromocarboxylates with 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinones is facilitated by a 5-endo radical cyclization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazhou Yang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Beijing 100193, China.
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Zhou Z, Behnke NE, Kürti L. Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of Hindered Ethers from α-Bromo Carbonyl Compounds. Org Lett 2018; 20:5452-5456. [PMID: 30113173 PMCID: PMC7802898 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A catalytic method for the synthesis of sterically hindered ethers and thioethers from α-bromo carbonyl compounds and the corresponding nucleophiles using an inexpensive Cu(I) catalytic system is reported. This facile transformation takes place at ambient temperature and does not require the exclusion of air or moisture; thus, it is well-suited for the functionalization and derivatization of complex organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - László Kürti
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University BioScience Research
Collaborative 6500 Main Street, Rm 380, Houston, TX 77030 (USA)
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