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Sarkar N, Kumar Sahoo R, Nembenna S. Aluminium-Catalyzed Selective Hydroboration of Esters and Epoxides to Alcohols: C-O Bond Activation. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203023. [PMID: 36226774 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the molecular aluminium dihydride complex bearing an N, N'-chelated conjugated bis-guanidinate (CBG) ligand is used as a catalyst for reducing a wide range of aryl and alkyl esters with good tolerance of alkene (C=C), alkyne (C≡C), halides (Cl, Br, I and F), nitrile (C≡N), and nitro (NO2 ) functionalities. Further, we investigated the catalytic application of aluminium dihydride in the C-O bond cleavage of alkyl and aryl epoxides into corresponding branched Markovnikov ring-opening products. In addition, the chemoselective intermolecular reduction of esters over other reducible functional groups, such as amides and alkenes, has been established. Intermediates are isolated and characterized by NMR and HRMS studies, which confirm the probable catalytic cycles for the hydroboration of esters and epoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabin Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Bhubaneswar, 752050, India
| | - Rajata Kumar Sahoo
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Bhubaneswar, 752050, India
| | - Sharanappa Nembenna
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Bhubaneswar, 752050, India
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2
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Willcox DR, Thomas SP. Group 13 exchange and transborylation in catalysis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:325-348. [PMID: 36998308 PMCID: PMC10043741 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalysis is dominated by the use of rare and potentially toxic transition metals. The main group offers a potentially sustainable alternative for catalysis, due to the generally higher abundance and lower toxicity of these elements. Group 13 elements have a rich catalogue of stoichiometric addition reactions to unsaturated bonds but cannot undergo the redox chemistry which underpins transition-metal catalysis. Group 13 exchange reactions transfer one or more groups from one group 13 element to another, through σ-bond metathesis; where boron is both of the group 13 elements, this is termed transborylation. These redox-neutral processes are increasingly being used to render traditionally stoichiometric group 13-mediated processes catalytic and develop new catalytic processes, examples of which are the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic R Willcox
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P Thomas
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
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3
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Sarkar N, Kumar Sahoo R, Ganesh Patro A, Nembenna S. Aluminum-Catalyzed Selective Hydroboration of Carbonyls and Dehydrocoupling of Alcohols, Phenols, Amines, Thiol, Selenol, Silanols with HBpin. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.115902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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4
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Das A, Rej S, Panda TK. Aluminium complexes: next-generation catalysts for selective hydroboration. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:3027-3040. [PMID: 35107095 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03703j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Organoboranes obtained from hydroboration reactions are one of the important classes of compounds that could be used to provide valuable synthons for follow-up transformations such as various functional group incorporation or C-C bond forming reactions. For decades, various transition metals were utilised as catalysts in such transformations. Recently Earth-abundant and less toxic main group metals have revived their importance in hydroboration chemistry, among which the suitable candidates are aluminium complexes as catalysts. In this regard, the development of aluminium complexes to achieve more robust catalytic systems with greater efficiency is appreciable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Das
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Supriya Rej
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 115, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Tarun K Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi-502285, Sangareddy, Telangana, India.
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5
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Liu J, Wu C, Hu T, Yang W, Xie Y, Shi Y, Liu Q, Shao Y, Zhang F. Hexamethyldisilazane Lithium (LiHMDS)-Promoted Hydroboration of Alkynes and Alkenes with Pinacolborane. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3442-3452. [PMID: 35143184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c03012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Lithium-promoted hydroboration of alkynes and alkenes using commercially available hexamethyldisilazane lithium as a precatalyst and HBpin as a hydride source has been developed. This method will be appealing for organic synthesis because of its remarkable substrate tolerance and good yields. Mechanistic studies revealed that the hydroboration proceeds through the in situ-formed BH3 species, which acts to drive the turnover of the hydroboration of alkynes and alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichao Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.,College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Caiyan Wu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Tinghui Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yaoyao Xie
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yinyin Shi
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qianrui Liu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yinlin Shao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Fangjun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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6
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Mahato S, Rawal P, Devadkar AK, Joshi M, Roy Choudhury A, Biswas B, Gupta P, Panda TK. Hydroboration and reductive amination of ketones and aldehydes with HBpin by a bench stable Pd(II)-catalyst. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1103-1111. [PMID: 35029621 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02339j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A palladium(II) complex [(κ4-{1,2-C6H4(NCH-C6H4O)2}Pd] (1) supported by a dianionic salen ligand [1,2-C6H4(NCH-C6H4O)2]2- (L) was synthesised and used as a molecular pre-catalyst in the hydroboration of aldehydes and ketones. The molecular structure of Pd(II) complex 1 was established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Complex 1 was tested as a competent pre-catalyst in the hydroboration of aldehydes and ketones with pinacolborane (HBpin) to produce corresponding boronate esters in excellent yields at ambient temperature under solvent-free conditions. Further, the complex 1 proved to be a competent catalyst in the reductive amination of aldehydes with HBpin and primary amines under mild and solvent-free conditions to afford a high yield (up to 97%) of corresponding secondary amines. Both protocols provided high conversion, superior selectivity and broad substrate scope, from electron-withdrawing to electron-donating and heterocyclic substitutions. A computational study based on density functional theory (DFT) revealed a reaction mechanism for Pd-catalysed hydroboration of carbonyl species in the presence of HBpin. The protocols also uncovered the dual role of HBpin in achieving the hydroboration reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Mahato
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling-734013, India.
| | - Parveen Rawal
- Computational Catalysis Center, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Ajitrao Kisan Devadkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
| | - Mayank Joshi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, IISER Mohali, Punjab, India
| | | | - Bhaskar Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling-734013, India.
| | - Puneet Gupta
- Computational Catalysis Center, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Tarun K Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India.
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Congjian Ni
- Beijing Institute of Technology School of chemistry CHINA
| | - Xiaoli Ma
- Beijing Institute of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Zhi Yang
- Beijing Institute of Technology School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen Department of Chemistry Tammannstrasse 4 37077 Göttingen GERMANY
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8
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Roy MMD, Omaña AA, Wilson ASS, Hill MS, Aldridge S, Rivard E. Molecular Main Group Metal Hydrides. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12784-12965. [PMID: 34450005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review serves to document advances in the synthesis, versatile bonding, and reactivity of molecular main group metal hydrides within Groups 1, 2, and 12-16. Particular attention will be given to the emerging use of said hydrides in the rapidly expanding field of Main Group element-mediated catalysis. While this review is comprehensive in nature, focus will be given to research appearing in the open literature since 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M D Roy
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Alvaro A Omaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Andrew S S Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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9
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Pantalon Juraj N, Kirin SI. Inorganic stereochemistry: Geometric isomerism in bis-tridentate ligand complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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10
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Ankur, Kannan R, Chambenahalli R, Banerjee S, Yang Y, Maron L, Venugopal A. [(Me
6
TREN)MgOCHPh
2
][B(C
6
F
5
)
4
]: A Model Complex to Explore the Catalytic Activity of Magnesium Alkoxides in Ketone Hydroboration. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Vithura Thiruvananthapuram 695551 India
| | - Ramkumar Kannan
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Vithura Thiruvananthapuram 695551 India
| | - Raju Chambenahalli
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Vithura Thiruvananthapuram 695551 India
| | - Sumanta Banerjee
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Vithura Thiruvananthapuram 695551 India
| | - Yan Yang
- LPCNO, UMR 5215, INSA, UPS Université de Toulouse-CNRS 31000 Toulouse France
| | - Laurent Maron
- LPCNO, UMR 5215, INSA, UPS Université de Toulouse-CNRS 31000 Toulouse France
| | - Ajay Venugopal
- School of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram Vithura Thiruvananthapuram 695551 India
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11
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Bisai MK, Gour K, Das T, Vanka K, Sen SS. Readily available lithium compounds as catalysts for the hydroboration of carbodiimides and esters. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.121924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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12
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Friedrich A, Eyselein J, Langer J, Färber C, Harder S. Cationic Heterobimetallic Mg(Zn)/Al(Ga) Combinations for Cooperative C-F Bond Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16492-16499. [PMID: 33979476 PMCID: PMC8361950 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Low-valent (Me BDI)Al and (Me BDI)Ga and highly Lewis acidic cations in [(tBu BDI)M+ ⋅C6 H6 ][(B(C6 F5 )4 - ] (M=Mg or Zn, Me BDI=HC[C(Me)N-DIPP]2 , tBu BDI=HC[C(tBu)N-DIPP]2 , DIPP=2,6-diisopropylphenyl) react to heterobimetallic cations [(tBu BDI)Mg-Al(Me BDI)+ ], [(tBu BDI)Mg-Ga(Me BDI)+ ] and [(tBu BDI)Zn-Ga(Me BDI)+ ]. These cations feature long Mg-Al (or Ga) bonds while the Zn-Ga bond is short. The [(tBu BDI)Zn-Al(Me BDI)+ ] cation was not formed. Combined AIM and charge calculations suggest that the metal-metal bonds to Zn are considerably more covalent, whereas those to Mg should be described as weak AlI (or GaI )→Mg2+ donor bonds. Failure to isolate the Zn-Al combination originates from cleavage of the C-F bond in the solvent fluorobenzene to give (tBu BDI)ZnPh and (Me BDI)AlF+ which is extremely Lewis acidic and was not observed, but (Me BDI)Al(F)-(μ-F)-(F)Al(Me BDI)+ was verified by X-ray diffraction. DFT calculations show that the remarkably facile C-F bond cleavage follows a dearomatization/rearomatization route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Friedrich
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Jonathan Eyselein
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Jens Langer
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Christian Färber
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic ChemistryUniversität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 191058ErlangenGermany
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13
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Friedrich A, Eyselein J, Langer J, Färber C, Harder S. Cationic Heterobimetallic Mg(Zn)/Al(Ga) Combinations for Cooperative C–F Bond Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Friedrich
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jonathan Eyselein
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jens Langer
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christian Färber
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
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14
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Gentner TX, Mulvey RE. Alkali-Metal Mediation: Diversity of Applications in Main-Group Organometallic Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9247-9262. [PMID: 33017511 PMCID: PMC8247348 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Organolithium compounds have been at the forefront of synthetic chemistry for over a century, as they mediate the synthesis of myriads of compounds that are utilised worldwide in academic and industrial settings. For that reason, lithium has always been the most important alkali metal in organometallic chemistry. Today, that importance is being seriously challenged by sodium and potassium, as the alkali-metal mediation of organic reactions in general has started branching off in several new directions. Recent examples covering main-group homogeneous catalysis, stoichiometric organic synthesis, low-valent main-group metal chemistry, polymerization, and green chemistry are showcased in this Review. Since alkali-metal compounds are often not the end products of these applications, their roles are rarely given top billing. Thus, this Review has been written to alert the community to this rising unifying phenomenon of "alkali-metal mediation".
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas X. Gentner
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
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15
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Nakao S, Nishimoto Y, Yasuda M. Tuning of Lewis Acidity of Phebox-Al Complexes by Substituents on the Benzene Backbone and Unexpected Photocatalytic Activity for Hydrodebromination of Aryl Bromide. CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.200894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Nakao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishimoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative Catalysis Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives (ICS-OTRI), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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16
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Titze M, Heitkämper J, Junge T, Kästner J, Peters R. Highly Active Cooperative Lewis Acid-Ammonium Salt Catalyst for the Enantioselective Hydroboration of Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5544-5553. [PMID: 33210781 PMCID: PMC7986937 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Enantiopure secondary alcohols are fundamental high-value synthetic building blocks. One of the most attractive ways to get access to this compound class is the catalytic hydroboration. We describe a new concept for this reaction type that allowed for exceptional catalytic turnover numbers (up to 15 400), which were increased by around 1.5-3 orders of magnitude compared to the most active catalysts previously reported. In our concept an aprotic ammonium halide moiety cooperates with an oxophilic Lewis acid within the same catalyst molecule. Control experiments reveal that both catalytic centers are essential for the observed activity. Kinetic, spectroscopic and computational studies show that the hydride transfer is rate limiting and proceeds via a concerted mechanism, in which hydride at Boron is continuously displaced by iodide, reminiscent to an SN 2 reaction. The catalyst, which is accessible in high yields in few steps, was found to be stable during catalysis, readily recyclable and could be reused 10 times still efficiently working.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Titze
- Universität StuttgartInstitut für Organische ChemiePfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Juliane Heitkämper
- Universität StuttgartInstitut für Theoretische ChemiePfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Thorsten Junge
- Universität StuttgartInstitut für Organische ChemiePfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - Johannes Kästner
- Universität StuttgartInstitut für Theoretische ChemiePfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
| | - René Peters
- Universität StuttgartInstitut für Organische ChemiePfaffenwaldring 5570569StuttgartGermany
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17
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Titze M, Heitkämper J, Junge T, Kästner J, Peters R. Highly Active Cooperative Lewis Acid—Ammonium Salt Catalyst for the Enantioselective Hydroboration of Ketones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Titze
- Universität Stuttgart Institut für Organische Chemie Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Juliane Heitkämper
- Universität Stuttgart Institut für Theoretische Chemie Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Thorsten Junge
- Universität Stuttgart Institut für Organische Chemie Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Johannes Kästner
- Universität Stuttgart Institut für Theoretische Chemie Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - René Peters
- Universität Stuttgart Institut für Organische Chemie Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
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18
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Bisai MK, Gour K, Das T, Vanka K, Sen SS. Lithium compound catalyzed deoxygenative hydroboration of primary, secondary and tertiary amides. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2354-2358. [PMID: 33570073 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt00364j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A selective and efficient route for the deoxygenative reduction of primary to tertiary amides to corresponding amines has been achieved with pinacolborane (HBpin) using simple and readily accessible 2,6-di-tert-butyl phenolate lithium·THF (1a) as a catalyst. Both experimental and DFT studies provide mechanistic insight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Kumar Bisai
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Kritika Gour
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Tamal Das
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India and Physical and Material Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Kumar Vanka
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India and Physical and Material Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Sakya S Sen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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19
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Gentner TX, Mulvey RE. Alkalimetall‐Mediatoren: Vielfältige Anwendungen in der metallorganischen Chemie der Hauptgruppenelemente. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas X. Gentner
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL Großbritannien
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL Großbritannien
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20
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Elsen H, Langer J, Ballmann G, Wiesinger M, Harder S. Insights into LiAlH 4 Catalyzed Imine Hydrogenation. Chemistry 2020; 27:401-411. [PMID: 32869898 PMCID: PMC7839755 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Commercial LiAlH4 can be used in catalytic quantities in the hydrogenation of imines to amines with H2. Combined experimental and theoretical investigations give deeper insight in the mechanism and identifies the most likely catalytic cycle. Activity is lost when Li in LiAlH4 is exchanged for Na or K. Exchanging Al for B or Ga also led to dramatically reduced activities. This indicates a heterobimetallic mechanism in which cooperation between Li and Al is crucial. Potential intermediates on the catalytic pathway have been isolated from reactions of MAlH4 (M=Li, Na, K) and different imines. Depending on the imine, double, triple or quadruple imine insertion has been observed. Prolonged reaction of LiAlH4 with PhC(H)=NtBu led to a side‐reaction and gave the double insertion product LiAlH2[N]2 ([N]=N(tBu)CH2Ph) which at higher temperature reacts further by ortho‐metallation of the Ph ring. A DFT study led to a number of conclusions. The most likely catalyst for hydrogenation of PhC(H)=NtBu with LiAlH4 is LiAlH2[N]2. Insertion of a third imine via a heterobimetallic transition state has a barrier of +23.2 kcal mol−1 (ΔH). The rate‐determining step is hydrogenolysis of LiAlH[N]3 with H2 with a barrier of +29.2 kcal mol−1. In agreement with experiment, replacing Li for Na (or K) and Al for B (or Ga) led to higher calculated barriers. Also, the AlH4− anion showed very high barriers. Calculations support the experimentally observed effects of the imine substituents at C and N: the lowest barriers are calculated for imines with aryl‐substituents at C and alkyl‐substituents at N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Elsen
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Langer
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerd Ballmann
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Wiesinger
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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21
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Gil-Negrete JM, Hevia E. Main group bimetallic partnerships for cooperative catalysis. Chem Sci 2020; 12:1982-1992. [PMID: 34163960 PMCID: PMC8179316 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05116k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade s-block metal catalysis has undergone a transformation from being an esoteric curiosity to a well-established and consolidated field towards sustainable synthesis. Earth-abundant metals such as Ca, Mg, and Al have shown eye-opening catalytic performances in key catalytic processes such as hydrosilylation, hydroamination or alkene polymerization. In parallel to these studies, s-block mixed-metal reagents have also been attracting widespread interest from scientists. These bimetallic reagents effect many cornerstone organic transformations, often providing enhanced reactivities and better chemo- and regioselectivities than conventional monometallic reagents. Despite a significant number of synthetic advances to date, most efforts have focused primarily on stoichiometric transformations. Merging these two exciting areas of research, this Perspective Article provides an overview on the emerging concept of s/p-block cooperative catalysis. Showcasing recent contributions from several research groups across the world, the untapped potential that these systems can offer in catalytic transformations is discussed with special emphasis placed on how synergistic effects can operate and the special roles played by each metal in these transformations. Advancing the understanding of the ground rules of s-block cooperative catalysis, the application of these bimetalic systems in a critical selection of catalytic transformations encompassing hydroamination, cyclisation, hydroboration to C-C bond forming processes are presented as well as their uses in important polymerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Gil-Negrete
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern CH3012 Bern Switzerland
| | - Eva Hevia
- Department für Chemie und Biochemie, Universität Bern CH3012 Bern Switzerland
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22
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Simon M, Radius M, Wagner HE, Breher F. Imidazolyl Alanes – Synthesis, Structures, and Reactivity Studies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Simon
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Division Molecular Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr.15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Michael Radius
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Division Molecular Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr.15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Hanna E. Wagner
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Division Molecular Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr.15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Division Molecular Chemistry Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr.15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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23
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Sarkar N, Mahato M, Nembenna S. Palladium‐Catalyzed Selective Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202000310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nabin Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) 752050 Bhubaneswar India
| | - Mamata Mahato
- School of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) 752050 Bhubaneswar India
| | - Sharanappa Nembenna
- School of Chemical Sciences National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) 752050 Bhubaneswar India
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24
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Elsen H, Langer J, Wiesinger M, Harder S. Alkaline Earth Metal Aluminates as Catalysts for Imine Hydrogenation. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Holger Elsen
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Langer
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Wiesinger
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sjoerd Harder
- Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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25
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Peddarao T, Sarkar N, Nembenna S. Mono- and Bimetallic Aluminum Alkyl, Alkoxide, Halide and Hydride Complexes of a Bulky Conjugated Bis-Guanidinate(CBG) Ligand and Aluminum Alkyls as Precatalysts for Carbonyl Hydroboration. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:4693-4702. [PMID: 32157882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tetra-aryl-substituted symmetrical conjugated bis-guanidine (CBG) ligands such as L1-3 (3H) [L(3H) = {(ArHN)(ArHN)C═N-C═NAr(NHAr)}; Ar = 2,6-Me2-C6H3 (L1(3H)), 2,6-Et2-C6H3 (L2(3H)), and 2,6-iPr2-C6H3 (L3(3H))] have been employed to synthesize a series of four- and six-membered aluminum heterocycles (1-8) for the first time. Generally, aluminum complexes bearing N,N'- chelated guanidinate and β-diketiminate/dipyrromethene ligand systems form four- and six-membered heterocycles, respectively. However, the conjugated bis-guanidine ligand has the capability of forming both four- and six-membered heterocycles possessing multimetal centers within the same molecule; this is due to the presence of three acidic protons, which can be easily deprotonated (at least two protons) upon treatment with metal reagents. Both mono- and dinuclear aluminum alkyls and mononuclear aluminum alkoxide, halide, and hydride complexes have been structurally characterized. Further, we have demonstrated the potential of mononuclear, six-membered CBG aluminum dialkyls in catalytic hydroboration of a broad range of aldehydes and ketones with pinacolborane (HBpin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thota Peddarao
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Bhubaneswar 752 050, India
| | - Nabin Sarkar
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Bhubaneswar 752 050, India
| | - Sharanappa Nembenna
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Bhubaneswar 752 050, India
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26
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Kumar GS, Harinath A, Narvariya R, Panda TK. Homoleptic Zinc‐Catalyzed Hydroboration of Aldehydes and Ketones in the Presence of HBpin. Eur J Inorg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201901276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gobbilla Sai Kumar
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi ‐502 285 Sangareddy Telangana India
| | - Adimulam Harinath
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi ‐502 285 Sangareddy Telangana India
| | - Rajrani Narvariya
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi ‐502 285 Sangareddy Telangana India
| | - Tarun K. Panda
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi ‐502 285 Sangareddy Telangana India
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27
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Saptal VB, Wang R, Park S. Recent advances in transition metal-free catalytic hydroelementation (E = B, Si, Ge, and Sn) of alkynes. RSC Adv 2020; 10:43539-43565. [PMID: 35519696 PMCID: PMC9058465 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07768b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes the recent advances in the transition metal-free hydroelementation of alkynes with various metalloid hydrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitthal B. Saptal
- Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology
- China
| | - Ruibin Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology
- China
| | - Sehoon Park
- Department of Chemistry
- Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology
- China
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
- 32000 Haifa
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28
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Guo Z, Pang T, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wei X. Alkali-metal organomagnesiate complexes as catalysts for highly chemoselective crossed-Tishchenko reactions. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:6418-6424. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01114b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Five heterobimetallic magnesiates bearing bidentate pyrrolyl ligand have been synthesized and their structural features were provided. As catalyst for cross-coupling Tishchenko reaction, they exhibited higher catalytic activities and chemoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Guo
- Scientific Instrument Center
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Tengfei Pang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Yakong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
| | - Yongbin Zhang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- P. R. China
| | - Xuehong Wei
- Scientific Instrument Center
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan
- P. R. China
- Institute of Applied Chemistry
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29
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Kannan R, Chambenahalli R, Kumar S, Krishna A, Andrews AP, Jemmis ED, Venugopal A. Organoaluminum cations for carbonyl activation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:14629-14632. [PMID: 31746857 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08272g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In search of stable, yet reactive aluminum Lewis acids, we have isolated an organoaluminum cation, [(Me2NC6H4)2Al(C4H8O)2]+, coordinated with two labile tetrahydrofuran ligands. Its catalytic performance in aldehyde dimerization reveals turn-over frequencies reaching up to 6000 h-1, exceeding that of the reported main group catalysts. The cation is further demonstrated to catalyze hydroelementation of ketones. Mechanistic investigations reveal that aldehyde dimerization and ketone hydrosilylation occur through carbonyl activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Kannan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India.
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30
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Haiduc I. Review. Inverse coordination. Organic nitrogen heterocycles as coordination centers. A survey of molecular topologies and systematization. Part 2. Six-membered rings. J COORD CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2019.1670349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ionel Haiduc
- Facultatea de Chimie, Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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31
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Mellerup SK, Cui Y, Fantuzzi F, Schmid P, Goettel JT, Bélanger-Chabot G, Arrowsmith M, Krummenacher I, Ye Q, Engel V, Engels B, Braunschweig H. Lewis-Base Stabilization of the Parent Al(I) Hydride under Ambient Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16954-16960. [PMID: 31577138 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum(III) is inherently electron deficient and therefore acts as a prototypical Lewis acid. Conversely, Al(I) is a rare, nucleophilic variant of aluminum that is thermodynamically unstable under ambient conditions. While attempts to stabilize and isolate Al(I) species have become increasingly successful, the parent Al(I) (i.e, Al-H) remains accessible only under extreme temperatures/pressures or matrix conditions. Here, we report the isolation of the parent Al(I) hydride under ambient conditions via the reduction of a Lewis-base-stabilized alkyldihaloalane. Computational and spectroscopic analyses indicate that the ground-state electronic configuration of this monomeric aluminum species is best described as an Al(I) hydride with non-negligible open-shell Al(III) singlet diradical character. These findings are also supported by reactivity studies, which reveal both the p-centered lone pair donating ability and the hydridic nature of the parent aluminene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yunshu Cui
- Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , 518055 Shenzhen , People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qing Ye
- Department of Chemistry , Southern University of Science and Technology , 518055 Shenzhen , People's Republic of China
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32
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Nishimoto Y, Nakao S, Machinaka S, Hidaka F, Yasuda M. Synthesis and Characterization of Pheox- and Phebox-Aluminum Complexes: Application as Tunable Lewis Acid Catalysts in Organic Reactions. Chemistry 2019; 25:10792-10796. [PMID: 31090111 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Pheox- and Phebox-aluminum complexes were synthesized and subsequently characterized by spectroscopic analysis. These complexes acted as Lewis acid catalysts, and their catalytic activities were controlled by using the Pheox, Phebox, and heteroatom ligands. The Pheox-aluminum complex exhibited an opposite substrate selectivity to AlCl3 in a competitive hetero-Diels-Alder reaction between electron-rich and electron-deficient aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Nishimoto
- Frontier Research Base for Global Young Researchers Center for, Open Innovation Research and Education (COiRE), Graduate School of, Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nakao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shota Machinaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumiko Hidaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Yasuda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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33
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Caise A, Kolychev EL, Hicks J, Fuentes MÁ, Goicoechea JM, Aldridge S. Reversible borohydride formation from aluminium hydrides and {H(9-BBN)} 2: structural, thermodynamic and reactivity studies. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:10845-10852. [PMID: 30848267 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00535h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel β-diketiminate stabilised aluminium borohydrides of the type (Nacnac)Al(R){H2(9-BBN)} has been synthesised offering variation in both the auxiliary R substituent and in the Nacnac backbone itself. A number of these complexes show unusual dissociation of the borane from the aluminium hydride in solution under ambient conditions. The lability of the borane is shown (by variable temperature NMR analyses) to be influenced by the electronic character of both the aluminium-bound R substituent and the Nacnac ligand itself, such that electron-withdrawing substituents lead to greater dissociation of the borane. Comparison of these complexes with related systems featuring the tetrahydroborate [BH4]- ligand illustrates the impact of the boron-bound substituents on the ability of the borane fragment to dissociate from the aluminium hydride. This dissociative behaviour is shown to be highly influential on the ability of the borohydride complexes to reduce carbon dioxide in a stoichiometric manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Caise
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - Eugene L Kolychev
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - Jamie Hicks
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - M Ángeles Fuentes
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - Jose M Goicoechea
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
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34
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Lemmerz LE, Mukherjee D, Spaniol TP, Okuda J. Hydridoaluminates and hydridoborates of lithium stabilized by a Cyclen-derived NNNN-Type macrocyclic ligand. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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35
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Pollard VA, Young A, McLellan R, Kennedy AR, Tuttle T, Mulvey RE. Lithium-Aluminate-Catalyzed Hydrophosphination Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12291-12296. [PMID: 31260154 PMCID: PMC6771573 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201906807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Synthesized, isolated, and characterized by X‐ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopic studies, lithium phosphidoaluminate iBu3AlPPh2Li(THF)3 has been tested as a catalyst for hydrophosphination of alkynes, alkenes, and carbodiimides. Based on the collective evidence of stoichiometric reactions, NMR monitoring studies, kinetic analysis, and DFT calculations, a mechanism involving deprotonation, alkyne insertion, and protonolysis is proposed for the [iBu3AlHLi]2 aluminate catalyzed hydrophosphination of alkynes with diphenylphosphine. This study enhances further the development of transition‐metal‐free, atom‐economical homogeneous catalysis using common sustainable main‐group metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Pollard
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Allan Young
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Ross McLellan
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Tell Tuttle
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Robert E Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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36
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Pollard VA, Young A, McLellan R, Kennedy AR, Tuttle T, Mulvey RE. Lithium‐Aluminate‐Catalyzed Hydrophosphination Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201906807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Pollard
- WestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Allan Young
- WestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Ross McLellan
- WestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- WestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Tell Tuttle
- WestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEMDepartment of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL UK
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37
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Davin L, Hernán-Gómez A, McLaughlin C, Kennedy AR, McLellan R, Hevia E. Alkali metal and stoichiometric effects in intermolecular hydroamination catalysed by lithium, sodium and potassium magnesiates. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:8122-8130. [PMID: 31045196 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00923j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Main group bimetallic complexes, while being increasingly used in stoichiometric deprotonation and metal-halogen exchange reactions, have not yet made a significant impact in catalytic applications. This paper explores the ability of alkali metal magnesiates to catalyse the intermolecular hydroamination of alkynes and alkenes using sytrene and diphenylacetylene as principle setting model substrates. By systematically studying the role of the alkali-metal and the formulation of the heterobimetallic precatalyst, this study establishes higher order potassium magnesiate [(PMDETA)2K2Mg(CH2SiMe3)4] (7) as a highly effective system capable of catalysing hydroamination of styrene and diphenylacetylene with several amines while operating at room temperature. This high reactivity contrasts with the complete lack of catalytic ability of neutral Mg(CH2SiMe3)2, even when harsher reaction conditions are employed (24 h, 80 °C). A pronounced alkali metal effect is also uncovered proving that the alkali metal (Li, Na, or K) is not a mere spectating counterion. Through stoichiometric reactions, and structural and spectroscopic (DOSY NMR) investigations we shed some light on the potential reaction pathway as well as the constitution of key intermediates. This work suggests that the enhanced catalytic activity of 7 can be rationalised in terms of the superior nucleophilic power of the formally dianionic magnesiate {Mg(NR2)4}2- generated in situ during the hydroamination process, along with the ability of potassium to engage in π-interactions with the unsaturated organic substrate, enhancing its susceptibility towards a nucleophilic attack by the amide anion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Davin
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Alberto Hernán-Gómez
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Calum McLaughlin
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Ross McLellan
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK.
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Xu X, Yan D, Zhu Z, Kang Z, Yao Y, Shen Q, Xue M. Catalyst-Free Approach for Hydroboration of Carboxylic Acids under Mild Conditions. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:6775-6783. [PMID: 31459799 PMCID: PMC6647974 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we present a facile method for deoxygenative hydroboration of a broad range of carboxylic acids under very mild conditions. The most striking feature of this attractive hydroboration is that this elusive and challenging transformation was realized without catalyst and solvent. The investigation of solvent effect showed that tetrahydrofuran was also suitable for this kind of reaction. Moreover, a successful gram-scale trial may provide a very promising toolkit for carboxylic acid reduction at a large scale.
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39
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Robertson SD, Uzelac M, Mulvey RE. Alkali-Metal-Mediated Synergistic Effects in Polar Main Group Organometallic Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:8332-8405. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart D. Robertson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Robert E. Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, U.K
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40
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Bisai MK, Yadav S, Das T, Vanka K, Sen SS. Lithium compounds as single site catalysts for hydroboration of alkenes and alkynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:11711-11714. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc05783h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Readily accessible lithium compounds have been employed to catalyze the hydroboration of alkene and alkynes including terpenes using HBpin with anti-Markovnikov selectivity. The mechanism is proposed on the basis of experimental and DFT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Kumar Bisai
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Sandeep Yadav
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Tamal Das
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Ghaziabad-201002
- India
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
| | - Kumar Vanka
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Ghaziabad-201002
- India
- Physical and Material Chemistry Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
| | - Sakya S. Sen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
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41
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Sharma MK, Ansari M, Mahawar P, Rajaraman G, Nagendran S. Expanding the limits of catalysts with low-valent main-group elements for the hydroboration of aldehydes and ketones using [L†Sn(ii)][OTf] (L† = aminotroponate; OTf = triflate). Dalton Trans 2019; 48:664-672. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02857e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A triflatostannylene [L†Sn][OTf] (2) is found to be an efficient catalyst with low-valent main-group element for the hydroboration of aldehydes and ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mursaleem Ansari
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400 076
- India
| | - Pritam Mahawar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110 016
- India
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
- Mumbai 400 076
- India
| | - Selvarajan Nagendran
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
- New Delhi 110 016
- India
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42
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Shegavi ML, Bose SK. Recent advances in the catalytic hydroboration of carbonyl compounds. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00807a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The latest development in the catalytic hydroboration of CO groups is summarized in this review. Access to borate ester intermediates provides a pathway to convert them into the corresponding valuable functionalized alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadev L. Shegavi
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS)
- JAIN (Deemed-to-be University)
- Jain Global Campus
- Bangalore-562112
- India
| | - Shubhankar Kumar Bose
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences (CNMS)
- JAIN (Deemed-to-be University)
- Jain Global Campus
- Bangalore-562112
- India
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Weetman
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität München (TUM) Lichtenbergstraße 4 Garching bei München 85748 Germany
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität München (TUM) Lichtenbergstraße 4 Garching bei München 85748 Germany
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44
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Zhu Z, Wu X, Xu X, Wu Z, Xue M, Yao Y, Shen Q, Bao X. n-Butyllithium Catalyzed Selective Hydroboration of Aldehydes and Ketones. J Org Chem 2018; 83:10677-10683. [PMID: 30070486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Highly efficient and selective hydroboration of aldehydes and ketones with HBpin is achieved by using the simple and convenient n-BuLi as a catalyst. The reaction proceeds rapidly with low catalyst loading (0.1-0.5 mol %) under mild conditions. Key features include the high catalytic efficiency, exceptional functional group compatibility, ample substrate scope, and high selectivity for aldehydes over ketones. Computational studies were carried out to provide a mechanistic insight into the n-BuLi catalyzed hydroboration of aldehydes/ketones with HBpin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangye Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xueli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Mingqiang Xue
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yingming Yao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Dushu Lake Campus , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , People's Republic of China
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45
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Pollard VA, Fuentes MÁ, Kennedy AR, McLellan R, Mulvey RE. Comparing Neutral (Monometallic) and Anionic (Bimetallic) Aluminum Complexes in Hydroboration Catalysis: Influences of Lithium Cooperation and Ligand Set. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10651-10655. [PMID: 29906339 PMCID: PMC6099445 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bimetallic lithium aluminates and neutral aluminum counterparts are compared as catalysts in hydroboration reactions with aldehydes, ketones, imines and alkynes. Possessing Li–Al cooperativity, ate catalysts are found to be generally superior. Catalytic activity is also influenced by the ligand set, alkyl and/or amido. Devoid of an Al−H bond, iBu2Al(TMP) operates as a masked hydride reducing benzophenone through a β‐Η transfer process. This catalyst library therefore provides an entry point into the future design of Al catalysts targeting substrate specific transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Pollard
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - M Ángeles Fuentes
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Ross McLellan
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Robert E Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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46
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Lemmerz LE, McLellan R, Judge NR, Kennedy AR, Orr SA, Uzelac M, Hevia E, Robertson SD, Okuda J, Mulvey RE. Donor-influenced Structure-Activity Correlations in Stoichiometric and Catalytic Reactions of Lithium Monoamido-Monohydrido-Dialkylaluminates. Chemistry 2018; 24:9940-9948. [PMID: 29697160 PMCID: PMC6055685 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of heteroleptic monoamido‐monohydrido‐dialkylaluminate complexes of general formula [iBu2AlTMPHLi⋅donor] were synthesized and characterised in solution and in the solid state. Applying these complexes in catalytic hydroboration reactions with representative aldehydes and ketones reveals that all are competent, however a definite donor substituent effect is discernible. The bifunctional nature of the complexes is also probed by assessing their performance in metallation of a triazole and phenylacetylene and addition across pyrazine. These results lead to an example of phenylacetylene hydroboration, which likely proceeds via deprotonation, rather than insertion as observed with the aldehydes and ketones. Collectively, the results emphasise that reactivity is strongly influenced by both the mixed‐metal constitution and mixed‐ligand constitution of the new aluminates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara E Lemmerz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ross McLellan
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Neil R Judge
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Samantha A Orr
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Marina Uzelac
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Stuart D Robertson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Jun Okuda
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52056, Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert E Mulvey
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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