1
|
Weng Y, Jin Y, Wu J, Leng X, Lou X, Geng F, Hu B, Wu B, Shen Q. Oxidative Substitution of Organocopper(II) by a Carbon-Centered Radical. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:23555-23565. [PMID: 39116098 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed coupling reactions of alkyl halides are believed to prominently involve copper(II) species and alkyl radicals as pivotal intermediates, with their exact interaction mechanism being the subject of considerable debate. In this study, a visible light-responsive fluoroalkylcopper(III) complex, [(terpy)Cu(CF3)2(CH2CO2tBu)] Trans-1, was designed to explore the mechanism. Upon exposure to blue LED irradiation, Trans-1 undergoes copper-carbon bond homolysis, generating Cu(II) species and carbon-centered radicals, where the carbon-centered radical then recombines with the Cu(II) intermediate, resulting in the formation of Cis-1, the Cis isomer of Trans-1. Beyond this, a well-defined fluoroalkylcopper(II) intermediate ligated with a sterically hindered ligand was isolated and underwent full characterization and electronic structure studies. The collective experimental, computational, and spectroscopic findings in this work strongly suggest that organocopper(II) engages with carbon-centered radicals via an "oxidative substitution" mechanism, which is likely the operational pathway for copper-catalyzed C-H bond trifluoromethylation reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuecheng Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yuxuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xuebing Leng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Lou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Fushan Geng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Bingwen Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Botao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Qilong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lin LQH, Rentería-Gómez Á, Martin RT, Zhang YQ, Ong KZW, Parris AB, Gutierrez O, Koh MJ. Selective 1,2-Hydroarylation(Alkenylation) of gem-Difluoroalkenes to Access (-CF 2 H) Motifs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202317935. [PMID: 38117662 PMCID: PMC11076007 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202317935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
An emerging class of C-C coupling transformations that furnish drug-like building blocks involves catalytic hydrocarbonation of alkenes. However, despite notable advances in the field, hydrocarbon addition to gem-difluoroalkenes without additional electronic activation remains largely unsuccessful. This owes partly to poor reactivity and the propensity of difluoroalkenes to undergo defluorinative side reactions. Here, we report a nickel catalytic system that promotes efficient 1,2-selective hydroarylation and hydroalkenylation, suppressing defluorination and providing straightforward access to a diverse assortment of prized organofluorides bearing difluoromethyl-substituted carbon centers. In contrast to radical-based pathways and reactions triggered by hydrometallation via a nickel-hydride complex, our experimental and computational studies support a mechanism in which a catalytically active nickel-bromide species promotes selective carbonickelation with difluoroalkenes followed by alkoxide exchange and hydride transfer, effectively overcoming the difluoroalkene's intrinsic electronic bias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leroy Qi Hao Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | | | - Robert T Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Ying-Qi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | - Kelvin Zhi Wei Ong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | - Adam B Parris
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ming Joo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alayoglu P, Chang T, Yan C, Chen YS, Mankad NP. Uncovering a CF 3 Effect on X-ray Absorption Energies of [Cu(CF 3 ) 4 ] - and Related Copper Compounds by Using Resonant Diffraction Anomalous Fine Structure (DAFS) Measurements. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313744. [PMID: 37938103 PMCID: PMC10842927 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the electronic structures of high-valent metal complexes aids the advancement of metal-catalyzed cross coupling methodologies. A prototypical complex with formally high valency is [Cu(CF3 )4 ]- (1), which has a formal Cu(III) oxidation state but whose physical analysis has led some to a Cu(I) assignment in an inverted ligand field model. Recent examinations of 1 by X-ray spectroscopies have led previous authors to contradictory conclusions, motivating the re-examination of its X-ray absorption profile here by a complementary method, resonant diffraction anomalous fine structure (DAFS). From analysis of DAFS measurements for a series of seven mononuclear Cu complexes including 1, here it is shown that there is a systematic trifluoromethyl effect on X-ray absorption that blue shifts the resonant Cu K-edge energy by 2-3 eV per CF3 , completely accounting for observed changes in DAFS profiles between formally Cu(III) complexes like 1 and formally Cu(I) complexes like (Ph3 P)3 CuCF3 (3). Thus, in agreement with the inverted ligand field model, the data presented herein imply that 1 is best described as containing a Cu(I) ion with dn count approaching 10.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Alayoglu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Tieyan Chang
- NSF's ChemMatCARS, University of Chicago, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Connly Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- NSF's ChemMatCARS, University of Chicago, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - Neal P Mankad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen DD, Zhang SL. Dual Oxidation of Epoxides with a High-Valent Cu(III)-CF 3 Compound and DMSO to Access 1,2-Diketones. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 38050841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
This study reports sequential dehydrogenation and transfer oxygenation of 1,2-diarylepoxides by high-valent phenCu(III)(CF3)3 and DMSO to produce 1,2-diketones. The Cu(III)-CF3 compound serves as a CF3 radical source to abstract the hydrogen atom of the epoxide ring. The resulting ether α-carbon radical undergoes ring-opening rearrangement to give a ketone α-carbon radical intermediate, which is oxygenated by DMSO with the release of Me2S. The combination of a Cu(III)-CF3 compound and DMSO may be exploited to develop other novel oxidation reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dou-Dou Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Song-Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Demonti L, Joven-Sancho D, Nebra N. Cross-Coupling Reactions Enabled by Well-Defined Ag(III) Compounds: Main Focus on Aromatic Fluorination and Trifluoromethylation. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300143. [PMID: 37338273 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
AgIII compounds are considered strong oxidizers of difficult handling. Accordingly, the involvement of Ag catalysts in cross-coupling via 2e- redox sequences is frequently discarded. Nevertheless, organosilver(III) compounds have been authenticated using tetradentate macrocycles or perfluorinated groups as supporting ligands, and since 2014, first examples of cross-coupling enabled by AgI /AgIII redox cycles saw light. This review collects the most relevant contributions to this field, with main focus on aromatic fluorination/perfluoroalkylation and the identification of AgIII key intermediates. Pertinent comparison between the activity of AgIII RF compounds in aryl-F and aryl-CF3 couplings vs. the one shown by its CuIII RF and AuIII RF congeners is herein disclosed, thus providing a more profound picture on the scope of these transformations and the pathways commonly associated to C-RF bond formations enabled by coinage metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Demonti
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA)., Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS., 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France)
| | - Daniel Joven-Sancho
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA)., Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS., 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France)
| | - Noel Nebra
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA)., Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS., 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao YR, Zhou Y, Hu M. Synthesis of trifluoromethylated allenes via visible light-promoted bis(trifluoromethylation) of 1,3-enynes. J Fluor Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2023.110105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
|
7
|
Shigeno M, Shishido Y, Soga A, Nozawa-Kumada K, Kondo Y. Defluorinative Transformation of (2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl)arenes Catalyzed by the Phosphazene Base t-Bu-P2. J Org Chem 2023; 88:1796-1802. [PMID: 36689669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrated that 1-tert-butyl-2,2,4,4,4-pentakis(dimethylamino)-2λ5,4λ5-catenadi(phosphazene) (t-Bu-P2) catalyzes the defluorinative functionalization reactions of (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)arenes with alkanenitriles to produce monofluoroalkene products. The reaction proceeds through HF elimination from a (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)arene to form a gem-difluorostyrene intermediate, which is followed by nucleophilic addition of an alkanenitrile and elimination of a fluoride anion. The catalysis is compatible with a variety of functional groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Shigeno
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Shishido
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Amane Soga
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kanako Nozawa-Kumada
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mizuno S. Direct C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-H Trifluoromethylation of Unactivated Alkanes. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2022. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.80.1161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
9
|
Cong F, Mega RS, Chen J, Day CS, Martin R. Trifluoromethylation of Carbonyl and Unactivated Olefin Derivatives by C(sp 3 )-C Bond Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 62:e202214633. [PMID: 36416716 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a Cu-mediated trifluoromethylation of carbonyl-type compounds and unactivated olefins enabled by visible-light irradiation via σ C(sp3 )-C bond-functionalization. The reaction is distinguished by its modularity, mild conditions and wide scope-even in the context of late-stage functionalization-thus offering a complementary approach en route to valuable C(sp3 )-CF3 architectures from easily accessible precursors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Cong
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel ⋅ lí Domingo, 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Riccardo S Mega
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jinhong Chen
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel ⋅ lí Domingo, 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Craig S Day
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel ⋅ lí Domingo, 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluïs Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Deolka S, Govindarajan R, Vasylevskyi S, Roy MC, Khusnutdinova JR, Khaskin E. Ligand-free nickel catalyzed perfluoroalkylation of arenes and heteroarenes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12971-12979. [PMID: 36425484 PMCID: PMC9667918 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03879j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a "ligand-free" Ni-catalyzed perfluoroalkylation of heteroarenes to produce a diverse array of trfiluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl and heptafluoropropyl adducts. Catalysis proceeds at room temperature via a radical pathway. The catalytic protocol is distinguished by its simplicity, and its wide scope demonstrates the potential in the late-stage functionalization of drug analogues and peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Deolka
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son 904-0495 Okinawa Japan
| | - Ramadoss Govindarajan
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son 904-0495 Okinawa Japan
| | - Serhii Vasylevskyi
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son 904-0495 Okinawa Japan
| | - Michael C Roy
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son 904-0495 Okinawa Japan
| | - Julia R Khusnutdinova
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son 904-0495 Okinawa Japan
| | - Eugene Khaskin
- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son 904-0495 Okinawa Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xu P, Fan W, Chen P, Liu G. Enantioselective Radical Trifluoromethylation of Benzylic C-H Bonds via Cooperative Photoredox and Copper Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13468-13474. [PMID: 35862240 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The first enantioselective radical trifluoromethylation of benzylic C-H bonds has been established by a cooperative photoredox and copper catalysis system, providing straightforward access to structurally diverse benzylic trifluoromethylation products in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities under mild conditions. Our method features a broad substrate scope and excellent functional group compatibility. Merging the cooperative photoredox catalysis with copper catalysis is essential for the reaction, where the photoredox catalysis is used for the generation of benzylic radicals from alkyl arenes through a hydrogen atom transfer process and the copper catalysis is used for the enantioselective trifluoromethylation of the benzylic radicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenzheng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pinhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang M, Shi Y, zhang J. A Convergent Paired Electrolysis Strategy Enables Cross-Coupling of Methylarenes with Imines. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00085g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we have developed a metal-free convergent paired electrolysis strategy for α-benzyl amine synthesis from readily available imines and methylarenes, taking advantage of both anodic oxidation and cathodic...
Collapse
|
13
|
Mandal D, Maji S, Pal T, Sinha SK, Maiti D. Recent Advances in Transition-Metal Mediated Trifluoromethylation Reactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10442-10468. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04082d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine compounds are known for their abundance in more than 20% of pharmaceutical and agrochemical products mainly due to the enhanced lipophilicity, metabolic stability and pharmacokinetic properties of organofluorides. Consequently,...
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang M, Ma J, Zou Z, Li H, Liu J, Kong L, Pan Y, Zhang W, Liang Y, Wang Y. A photoinduced transient activating strategy for late-stage chemoselective C(sp 3)–H trifluoromethylation of azines. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11312-11319. [PMID: 36320576 PMCID: PMC9533475 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03989c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The direct functionalization of C(sp3)–H bonds is an ultimately ideal synthetic strategy with high atom economy and step efficiency. However, the direct trifluoromethylation of electron-deficient heteroaryl adjacent C(sp3)–H bonds remains a formidable challenge. We have described a transient activating strategy involving a Tf-shift process and π–π stacking interaction for catalyst-free direct benzylic C(sp3)–H trifluoromethylation of azines, such as pyridine, pyrimidine, quinoline, dihydropyridinone, tetrahydroisoquinoline and tetrahydroquinazoline, with an air-stable crystalline imidazolium sulfonate reagent IMDN-Tf. This bench-stable cationic reagent offers a scalable and practical protocol for the late-stage modification of drug molecules with high site selectivity, which avoids the prefunctionalization and the use of stoichiometric metals and strong oxidants. Furthermore, comprehensive mechanistic studies revealed the determining effect of π–π stacking for the activation of azinylic C(sp3)–H bonds. Late-stage C(sp3)–H functionalization of unactivated azines: the traceless Tf switching process offers ample opportunities for site-selective derivatization of heteroaryls, allowing for the rapid increase of molecular complexity.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiawei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhenlei Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Heyin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lingyu Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kato T, Maruoka K. Selective functionalization of benzylic C-H bonds of two different benzylic ethers by bowl-shaped N-hydroxyimide derivatives as efficient organoradical catalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 58:1021-1024. [PMID: 34951412 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc06425h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient, site-selective benzylic C-H bond amination of two different benzylic ether substrates was described by using bowl-shaped N-hydroxyimide organoradical catalysts with diethyl azodicarboxylate. The synthetic utility of this approach is demonstrated by the subsequent transformation of the amination products into the corresponding aldehydes and alkylhydrazines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terumasa Kato
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Keiji Maruoka
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Demonti L, Saffon-Merceron N, Mézailles N, Nebra N. Cross-Coupling through Ag(I)/Ag(III) Redox Manifold. Chemistry 2021; 27:15396-15405. [PMID: 34473859 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In ample variety of transformations, the presence of silver as an additive or co-catalyst is believed to be innocuous for the efficiency of the operating metal catalyst. Even though Ag additives are required often as coupling partners, oxidants or halide scavengers, its role as a catalytically competent species is widely neglected in cross-coupling reactions. Most likely, this is due to the erroneously assumed incapacity of Ag to undergo 2e- redox steps. Definite proof is herein provided for the required elementary steps to accomplish the oxidative trifluoromethylation of arenes through AgI /AgIII redox catalysis (i. e. CEL coupling), namely: i) easy AgI /AgIII 2e- oxidation mediated by air; ii) bpy/phen ligation to AgIII ; iii) boron-to-AgIII aryl transfer; and iv) ulterior reductive elimination of benzotrifluorides from an [aryl-AgIII -CF3 ] fragment. More precisely, an ultimate entry and full characterization of organosilver(III) compounds [K]+ [AgIII (CF3 )4 ]- (K-1), [(bpy)AgIII (CF3 )3 ] (2) and [(phen)AgIII (CF3 )3 ] (3), is described. The utility of 3 in cross-coupling has been showcased unambiguously, and a large variety of arylboron compounds was trifluoromethylated via [AgIII (aryl)(CF3 )3 ]- intermediates. This work breaks with old stereotypes and misconceptions regarding the inability of Ag to undergo cross-coupling by itself.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Demonti
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA), Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse ICT-UAR2599, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 31062, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Mézailles
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA), Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Noel Nebra
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA), Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Jana R, Begam HM, Dinda E. The emergence of the C-H functionalization strategy in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10842-10866. [PMID: 34596175 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04083a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the market competitiveness and urgent societal need, an optimum speed of drug discovery is an important criterion for successful implementation. Despite the rapid ascent of artificial intelligence and computational and bioanalytical techniques to accelerate drug discovery in big pharma, organic synthesis of privileged scaffolds predicted in silico for in vitro and in vivo studies is still considered as the rate-limiting step. C-H activation is the latest technology added into an organic chemist's toolbox for the rapid construction and late-stage modification of functional molecules to achieve the desired chemical and physical properties. Particularly, elimination of prefunctionalization steps, exceptional functional group tolerance, complexity-to-diversity oriented synthesis, and late-stage functionalization of privileged medicinal scaffolds expand the chemical space. It has immense potential for the rapid synthesis of a library of molecules, structural modification to achieve the required pharmacological properties such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicology (ADMET) and attachment of chemical reporters for proteome profiling, metabolite synthesis, etc. for preclinical studies. Although heterocycle synthesis, late-stage drug modification, 18F labelling, methylation, etc. via C-H functionalization have been reviewed from the synthetic standpoint, a general overview of these protocols from medicinal and drug discovery aspects has not been reviewed. In this feature article, we will discuss the recent trends of C-H activation methodologies such as synthesis of medicinal scaffolds through C-H activation/annulation cascade; C-H arylation for sp2-sp2 and sp2-sp3 cross-coupling; C-H borylation/silylation to introduce a functional linchpin for further manipulation; C-H amination for N-heterocycles and hydrogen bond acceptors; C-H fluorination/fluoroalkylation to tune polarity and lipophilicity; C-H methylation: methyl magic in drug discovery; peptide modification and macrocyclization for therapeutics and biologics; fluorescent labelling and radiolabelling for bioimaging; bioconjugation for chemical biology studies; drug-metabolite synthesis for biodistribution and excretion studies; late-stage diversification of drug-molecules to increase efficacy and safety; cutting-edge DNA encoded library synthesis and improved synthesis of drug molecules via C-H activation in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Jana
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Hasina Mamataj Begam
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Enakshi Dinda
- Department of Chemistry and Environment, Heritage Institute of Technology, Kolkata-700107, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dong X, Jiang W, Hua D, Wang X, Xu L, Wu X. Radical-mediated vicinal addition of alkoxysulfonyl/fluorosulfonyl and trifluoromethyl groups to aryl alkyl alkynes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:11762-11768. [PMID: 34659713 PMCID: PMC8442677 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03315h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of sulfonyl radicals to alkenes and alkynes is a valuable method for constructing useful highly functionalized sulfonyl compounds. The underexplored alkoxy- and fluorosulfonyl radicals are easily accessed by CF3 radical addition to readily available allylsulfonic acid derivatives and then β-fragmentation. These substituted sulfonyl radicals add to aryl alkyl alkynes to give vinyl radicals that are trapped by trifluoromethyl transfer to provide tetra-substituted alkenes bearing the privileged alkoxy- or fluorosulfonyl group on one carbon and a trifluoromethyl group on the other. This process exhibits broad functional group compatibility and allows for the late-stage functionalization of drug molecules, demonstrating its potential in drug discovery and chemical biology. An unprecedented method for vicinal addition of alkoxysulfonyl/fluorosulfonyl and trifluoromethyl groups to aryl alkyl alkynes has been developed to afford useful alkenylsulfonate esters and alkenylsulfonyl fluorides.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Wenhua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Dexiang Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
| | - Liang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University Shihezi 832003 China
| | - Xiaoxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu H, Shen Q. Well-defined organometallic Copper(III) complexes: Preparation, characterization and reactivity. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.213923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
20
|
Cai A, Yan W, Zeng X, Zacate SB, Chao TH, Krause JA, Cheng MJ, Liu W. Copper-catalyzed carbo-difluoromethylation of alkenes via radical relay. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3272. [PMID: 34075051 PMCID: PMC8169770 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23590-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic molecules that contain alkyl-difluoromethyl moieties have received increased attention in medicinal chemistry, but their synthesis in a modular and late-stage fashion remains challenging. We report herein an efficient copper-catalyzed radical relay approach for the carbo-difluoromethylation of alkenes. This approach simultaneously introduces CF2H groups along with complex alkyl or aryl groups into alkenes with regioselectivity opposite to traditional CF2H radical addition. We demonstrate a broad substrate scope and a wide functional group compatibility. This scalable protocol is applied to the late-stage functionalization of complex molecules and the synthesis of CF2H analogues of bioactive molecules. Mechanistic studies and density functional theory calculations suggest a unique ligand effect on the reactivity of the Cu-CF2H species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aijie Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Wenhao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Xiaojun Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Samson B Zacate
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Chao
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Jeanette A Krause
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang H, Xiao H, Jiang F, Fang Y, Zhu L, Li C. Copper-Catalyzed Ring-Opening 1,3-Aminotrifluoromethylation of Arylcyclopropanes. Org Lett 2021; 23:2268-2272. [PMID: 33689390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The copper-catalyzed reaction of arylcyclopropanes, N-fluorobis(arenesulfonyl)imides, and (bpy)Zn(CF3)2 (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) at room temperature affords the corresponding ring-opening 1,3-aminotrifluoromethylation products in satisfactory yields. The protocol is highly regioselective, providing a convenient entry to γ-trifluoromethylated amines. A mechanism involving the trifluoromethylation of benzyl radicals is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Haiwen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yewen Fang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chaozhong Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.,Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China.,School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Choi G, Lee GS, Park B, Kim D, Hong SH. Direct C(sp
3
)−H Trifluoromethylation of Unactivated Alkanes Enabled by Multifunctional Trifluoromethyl Copper Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geunho Choi
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Seok Lee
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Beomsoon Park
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Hyeok Hong
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Choi G, Lee GS, Park B, Kim D, Hong SH. Direct C(sp
3
)−H Trifluoromethylation of Unactivated Alkanes Enabled by Multifunctional Trifluoromethyl Copper Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5467-5474. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Geunho Choi
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Seok Lee
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Beomsoon Park
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Hyeok Hong
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu ZY, Cook SP. Interrupting the Barton–McCombie Reaction: Aqueous Deoxygenative Trifluoromethylation of O-Alkyl Thiocarbonates. Org Lett 2021; 23:808-813. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c04039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Silas P. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
He J, Nguyen TN, Guo S, Cook SP. Csp3–H Trifluoromethylation of Unactivated Aliphatic Systems. Org Lett 2021; 23:702-705. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen He
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Truong N. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Shuo Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| | - Silas P. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7102, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Radical trifluoromethylation has been emerging as a versatile tool for the synthesis of trifluoromethylated compounds that play increasingly important roles in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and materials science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Xiao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology
- Ningbo 315211
- China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Yewen Fang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology
- Ningbo 315211
- China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032
| | - Chaozhong Li
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology
- Ningbo 315211
- China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Jiang C, Wang L, Zhang H, Chen P, Guo YL, Liu G. Enantioselective Copper-Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Benzylic Radicals via Ring Opening of Cyclopropanols. Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
28
|
Zhang Z, He J, Zhu L, Xiao H, Fang Y, Li C.
Silver‐Mediated
N
‐Trifluoromethylation
of Amides and Peptides. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Jiayan He
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Haiwen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yewen Fang
- School of Materials and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University of Technology, 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
| | - Chaozhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine ChemistryCenter for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Materials and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University of Technology, 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shreiber ST, DiMucci IM, Khrizanforov MN, Titus CJ, Nordlund D, Dudkina Y, Cramer RE, Budnikova Y, Lancaster KM, Vicic DA. [(MeCN)Ni(CF 3) 3] - and [Ni(CF 3) 4] 2-: Foundations toward the Development of Trifluoromethylations at Unsupported Nickel. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:9143-9151. [PMID: 32573210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nickel anions [(MeCN)Ni(CF3)3]- and [Ni(CF3)4]2- were prepared by the formal addition of 3 and 4 equiv, respectively, of AgCF3 to [(dme)NiBr2] in the presence of the [PPh4]+ counterion. Detailed insights into the electronic properties of these new compounds were obtained through the use of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, spectroscopy-oriented configuration interaction (SORCI) calculations, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The data collectively show that trifluoromethyl complexes of nickel, even in the most common oxidation state of nickel(II), are highly covalent systems whereby a hole is distributed on the trifluoromethyl ligands, surprisingly rendering the metal to a physically more reduced state. In the cases of [(MeCN)Ni(CF3)3]- and [Ni(CF3)4]2-, these complexes are better physically described as d9 metal complexes. [(MeCN)Ni(CF3)3]- is electrophilic and reacts with other nucleophiles such as phenoxide to yield the unsupported [(PhO)Ni(CF3)3]2- salt, revealing the broader potential of [(MeCN)Ni(CF3)3]- in the development of "ligandless" trifluoromethylations at nickel. Proof-in-principle experiments show that the reaction of [(MeCN)Ni(CF3)3]- with an aryl iodonium salt yields trifluoromethylated arene, presumably via a high-valent, unsupported, and formal organonickel(IV) intermediate. Evidence of the feasibility of such intermediates is provided with the structurally characterized [PPh4]2[Ni(CF3)4(SO4)], which was derived through the two-electron oxidation of [Ni(CF3)4]2-.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott T Shreiber
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E. Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Ida M DiMucci
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Mikhail N Khrizanforov
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8, Arbuzov Str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Charles J Titus
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Dennis Nordlund
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Yulia Dudkina
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8, Arbuzov Str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Roger E Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, 2545 McCarthy Mall, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Yulia Budnikova
- A. E. Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, 8, Arbuzov Str., 420088 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Kyle M Lancaster
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - David A Vicic
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, 6 E. Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
In spite of only a few naturally occurring products having one or more fluorine atoms, organofluorine compounds have been widely utilized in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and functional material science fields due to the characteristic properties of the fluorine atom. Therefore, the development of new methods for the introduction of fluorine-containing functional groups has been a long-standing research topic. This article discusses our contributions to this area. The first topic is on the trifluoromethylations of C-C multiple bonds using Togni reagent based on our working hypothesis that hypervalent iodine could be activated by coordination of the carbonyl moiety to the Lewis acid catalyst. The second topic relates to asymmetric fluorofunctionalization of alkenes. A newly designed phase-transfer catalyst consisting of a carboxylate anion functioning as a phase-transfer agent and a primary hydroxyl group as a site that captures the anionic substrate was revealed to be an effective catalyst for asymmetric fluorolactonization. Inspired by the mechanistic studies of fluorolactonization, we produced a linked binaphthyl dicarboxylate catalyst, which catalyzes the 6-endo-fluorocyclization and the deprotonative fluorination of allylic amides in a highly enantioselective manner. The third topic is on C-H fluorofunctionalizations using either catalysis or photoactivation. Benzylic trifluoromethylation, which is still a rare reaction, using Togni reagent and aromatic C-H trifluoromethylation using Umemoto reagent under simple photoirradiation conditions were achieved. In addition, the Csp3-H fluorination of alkyl phthalimide derivatives is demonstrated.
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu S, Liu H, Liu S, Lu Z, Lu C, Leng X, Lan Y, Shen Q. C(sp 3)-CF 3 Reductive Elimination from a Five-Coordinate Neutral Copper(III) Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9785-9791. [PMID: 32365294 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The reductive elimination from a high-valent late-transition-metal complex for the formation of a carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom bond represents a fundamental product-forming step in a number of catalytic processes. While reductive eliminations from well-defined Pt(IV), Pd(IV), Ni(III)/Ni(IV), and Au(III) complexes have been studied, the analogous reactions from neutral Cu(III) complexes remain largely unexplored. Herein, we report the isolation of a stable, five-coordinate, neutral square pyramidal Cu(III) complex that gives CH3-CF3 in quantitative yield via reductive elimination. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction occurs through a synchronous bond-breaking/bond-forming process via a three-membered ring transition state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuanshuan Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.,Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - He Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Shihan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Zehai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Changhui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xuebing Leng
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yu Lan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, P.R. China
| | - Qilong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhu L, Fang Y, Li C. Trifluoromethylation of Alkyl Radicals: Breakthrough and Challenges
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Yewen Fang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
| | - Chaozhong Li
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo Zhejiang 315211 China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nozawa‐Kumada K, Osawa S, Ojima T, Noguchi K, Shigeno M, Kondo Y. Transition‐Metal‐Free Trifluoromethylation of Benzyl Bromides Using Trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane and CsF in 1,2‐Dimethoxyethane. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Nozawa‐Kumada
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku University 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Sayuri Osawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku University 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Takuto Ojima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku University 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Koto Noguchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku University 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Masanori Shigeno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku University 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kondo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesTohoku University 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8578 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sarver PJ, Bacauanu V, Schultz DM, DiRocco DA, Lam YH, Sherer EC, MacMillan DWC. The merger of decatungstate and copper catalysis to enable aliphatic C(sp3)–H trifluoromethylation. Nat Chem 2020; 12:459-467. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0436-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
35
|
Dong J, Zhang S. Synthesis of 2,2,2‐Trifluoroethyl Oxazoles, Oxazolines and Furans via Alkyne Oxytrifluoromethylation. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Jia Dong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material EngineeringJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 People's Republic of China
| | - Song‐Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material EngineeringJiangnan University Wuxi 214122 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zeng X, Yan W, Paeth M, Zacate SB, Hong PH, Wang Y, Yang D, Yang K, Yan T, Song C, Cao Z, Cheng MJ, Liu W. Copper-Catalyzed, Chloroamide-Directed Benzylic C–H Difluoromethylation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:19941-19949. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P. R. China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Matthew Paeth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Samson B. Zacate
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Pei-Hsun Hong
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Yufei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Dongqi Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Kundi Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Tao Yan
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
| | - Chang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P. R. China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Photoredox catalysed allylic trifluoromethylation via ring opening of vinyl cyclopropanes using Langlois reagent. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
38
|
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Armido Studer
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences 155 Yangqiao Road West Fuzhou Fujian 350002 P. R. China
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Leifert D, Studer A. The Persistent Radical Effect in Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:74-108. [PMID: 31116479 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201903726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Radical-radical couplings are mostly nearly diffusion-controlled processes. Therefore, the selective cross-coupling of two different radicals is challenging and not a synthetically valuable transformation. However, if the radicals have different lifetimes and if they are generated at equal rates, cross-coupling will become the dominant process. This high cross-selectivity is based on a kinetic phenomenon called the persistent radical effect (PRE). In this Review, an explanation of the PRE supported by simulations of simple model systems is provided. Radical stabilities are discussed within the context of their lifetimes, and various examples of PRE-mediated radical-radical couplings in synthesis are summarized. It is shown that the PRE is not restricted to the coupling of a persistent with a transient radical. If one coupling partner is longer-lived than the other transient radical, the PRE operates and high cross-selectivity is achieved. This important point expands the scope of PRE-mediated radical chemistry. The Review is divided into two parts, namely 1) the coupling of persistent or longer-lived organic radicals and 2) "radical-metal crossover reactions"; here, metal-centered radical species and more generally longer-lived transition-metal complexes that are able to react with radicals are discussed-a field that has flourished recently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Key Laboratory of Coal to Ethylene Glycol and Its Related Technology, State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, P. R. China.,Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Xu W, Wang W, Liu T, Xie J, Zhu C. Late-stage trifluoromethylthiolation of benzylic C-H bonds. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4867. [PMID: 31653853 PMCID: PMC6814834 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12844-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The benzylic positions in drugs are sites that readily react with cytochrome P450 oxidases via single-electron oxidation. New synthetic methodologies to incorporate a fluoroalkyl group at the benzylic site are continually being developed, and in this paper, we report a metal-free and site-selective organophotoredox-catalyzed trifluoromethylthiolation of benzylic C-H bonds for a wide variety of alkyl arenes and heteroarenes. The precise and predictive regioselectivity among various C(sp3)-H bonds originates from an inner-sphere benzylic radical initiation mechanism, and avoids the use of external oxidants or hydrogen atom abstractors. Its practicality stems from the trifluoromethylthiolation of a series of drugs and complex organic molecules, which is overwhelmingly selective for benzyl groups. This operationally simple protocol can provide a general and practical access to structurally diverse benzylic trifluoromethyl sulfides produced from ubiquitous benzylic C-H bonds. Large scale trifluoromethylthiolation can be achieved with continuous flow photoredox technology. Fluoroalkylation of C-H bonds is a class of reaction highly sought after in medicinal chemistry. Here, the authors report a regioselective organophotoredox-catalyzed, trifluoromethylthiolation of benzylic C-H bonds for a wide variety of alkyl (hetero)arenes, and demonstrate its utility in continuous flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China.
| | - Chengjian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Nanjing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Yu W, Wu W, Jiang H. Copper‐Catalyzed Benzylic C—H Functionalization, Oxidation and Cyclization of Methylarenes: Direct Access to 2‐Arylbenzothiazoles. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Yu
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yin Y, Liu H, Xiao T, Sun X, Yang K, Li Z. Synthesis and crystal structure of trifluoromethyl-containing bendamustine hydrochloride. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519819868202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A simple strategy to afford trifluoromethyl-containing bendamustine hydrochloride in 34% overall via nine simple steps including substitution, selective reduction, N-acylation, cyclization, esterification, nitro-reduction, N-dihydroxyethylation, chlorination, and acid-catalyzed hydrolysis from commercially available 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene is described. The structures of the intermediates and target product are established on the basis of infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and high resolution mass spectrometer. Moreover, the structure of target product is also confirmed by X-ray crystal analysis, and further studies indicate that the existence of intermolecular O–H···Cl and N–H···Cl hydrogen bonds are effective in stabilization of the crystal structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, P.R. China
| | - Huailiang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tangxin Xiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqiang Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ke Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyi Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhao Z, Ma KCY, Legault CY, Murphy GK. Denitrogenative Hydrotrifluoromethylation of Benzaldehyde Hydrazones: Synthesis of (2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl)arenes. Chemistry 2019; 25:11240-11245. [PMID: 31276254 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reacting hydrazones of arylaldehydes with Togni's CF3 -benziodoxolone reagent, in the presence of potassium hydroxide and cesium fluoride, induces a denitrogenative hydrotrifluoromethylation event to produce (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)arenes. This novel reaction was tolerant to many electronically-diverse functional groups and substitution patterns, as well as naphthyl- and heteroaryl-derived substrates. Advantages of this process include the easy access to hydrazone precursors on a large scale, speed and operational simplicity, and being transition metal-free.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhensheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Kevin C Y Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Claude Y Legault
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K2R1, Canada
| | - Graham K Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W., Waterloo, ON, N2L3G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Guo S, AbuSalim DI, Cook SP. 1,2-(Bis)trifluoromethylation of Alkynes: A One-Step Reaction to Install an Underutilized Functional Group. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:11704-11708. [PMID: 31206968 PMCID: PMC7065645 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Modifying the electronic properties of olefins is the quintessential approach to tuning alkene reactivity. In this context, the exploration of trifluoromethyl groups as divergent electronic modifiers has not been considered. In this work, we describe a copper-mediated 1,2-(bis)trifluoromethylation of acetylenes to create E-hexafluorobutenes (E-HFBs) under blue light in a single step. The reaction proceeds with high yield and E/Z selectivity. Since the alkyne captures two trifluoromethyl groups from each molecule of bpyCu(CF3 )3 , mechanistic studies were conducted to illuminate the role of the reactants. Interestingly, E-HFBs exhibit remarkable stability to standard olefin functionalization reactions in spite of the pendant trifluoromethyl groups. This finding has significant implications for medicine, agroscience, and materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405 (United States)
| | - Deyaa I. AbuSalim
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405 (United States)
| | - Silas P. Cook
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405 (United States)
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zeng H, Luo Z, Han X, Li CJ. Metal-Free Construction of the C(sp 3)-CF 3 Bond: Trifluoromethylation of Hydrazones with Togni's Reagent under Mild Conditions. Org Lett 2019; 21:5948-5951. [PMID: 31310139 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A metal-free trifluoromethylation of hydrazones with Togni's reagent under mild conditions was developed. Various functional groups including ester, methoxy, dimethoxy, nitro, halogen, and heterocyclic compounds were tolerated. This simple and green strategy provides a practical tool to construct C(sp3)-CF3 bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry , Lanzhou University , 222 Tianshui Road , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry , Lanzhou University , 222 Tianshui Road , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlong Han
- The State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry , Lanzhou University , 222 Tianshui Road , Lanzhou 730000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and FQRNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke St. West , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Guo S, AbuSalim DI, Cook SP. 1,2‐(Bis)trifluoromethylation of Alkynes: A One‐Step Reaction to Install an Underutilized Functional Group. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201905247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Guo
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Deyaa I. AbuSalim
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| | - Silas P. Cook
- Department of Chemistry Indiana University 800 East Kirkwood Avenue Bloomington IN 47405 USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zeng X, Yan W, Zacate SB, Chao TH, Sun X, Cao Z, Bradford KGE, Paeth M, Tyndall SB, Yang K, Kuo TC, Cheng MJ, Liu W. Copper-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Difluoromethylation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11398-11403. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b05363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zeng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Wenhao Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Samson B. Zacate
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Chao
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P. R. China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P. R. China
- National Energy Center for Coal to Liquids, Synfuels China Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
| | - Kate G. E. Bradford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Matthew Paeth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Sam B. Tyndall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Kundi Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Tung-Chun Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Xiao H, Shen H, Zhu L, Li C. Copper-Catalyzed Radical Aminotrifluoromethylation of Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11440-11445. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Haigen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Chaozhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Liu Z, Shen H, Xiao H, Wang Z, Zhu L, Li C. Copper-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Radical Trifluoromethylation of Cycloalkanone Oximes. Org Lett 2019; 21:5201-5205. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Haigen Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Haiwen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhentao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chaozhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, no. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhang Z, Zhu L. Trifluoromethyl Radical Addition versus Radical Trifluoromethylation: Reversed Regioselectivity in Carbotrifluoromethylation of Alkenes. CHINESE J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.201900130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032 China
| |
Collapse
|