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Gawron M, Gilch F, Schmidhuber D, Kelly JA, Horsley Downie TM, Jacobi von Wangelin A, Rehbein J, Wolf R. Counterion Effect in Cobaltate-Catalyzed Alkene Hydrogenation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315381. [PMID: 38059406 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
We show that countercations exert a remarkable influence on the ability of anionic cobaltate salts to catalyze challenging alkene hydrogenations. An evaluation of the catalytic properties of [Cat][Co(η4 -cod)2 ] (Cat=K (1), Na (2), Li (3), (Dep nacnac)Mg (4), and N(n Bu)4 (5); cod=1,5-cyclooctadiene, Dep nacnac={2,6-Et2 C6 H3 NC(CH3 )}2 CH)]) demonstrated that the lithium salt 3 and magnesium salt 4 drastically outperform the other catalysts. Complex 4 was the most active catalyst, which readily promotes the hydrogenation of highly congested alkenes under mild conditions. A plausible catalytic mechanism is proposed based on density functional theory (DFT) investigations. Furthermore, combined molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and DFT studies were used to examine the turnover-limiting migratory insertion step. The results of these studies suggest an active co-catalytic role of the counterion in the hydrogenation reaction through the coordination to cobalt hydride intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gawron
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Gilch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schmidhuber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - John A Kelly
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Julia Rehbein
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Robert Wolf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
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2
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Wolff S, Pelmenschikov V, Müller R, Ertegi M, Cula B, Kaupp M, Limberg C. Controlling the Activation at Ni II -CO 2 2- Moieties through Lewis Acid Interactions in the Second Coordination Sphere. Chemistry 2024:e202303112. [PMID: 38258932 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Nickel complexes with a two-electron reduced CO2 ligand (CO2 2- , "carbonite") are investigated with regard to the influence alkali metal (AM) ions have as Lewis acids on the activation of the CO2 entity. For this purpose complexes with NiII (CO2 )AM (AM=Li, Na, K) moieties were accessed via deprotonation of nickel-formate compounds with (AM)N(i Pr)2 . It was found that not only the nature of the AM ions in vicinity to CO2 affect the activation, but also the number and the ligation of a given AM. To this end the effects of added (AM)N(R)2 , THF, open and closed polyethers as well as cryptands were systematically studied. In 14 cases the products were characterized by X-ray diffraction and correlations with the situation in solution were made. The more the AM ions get detached from the carbonite ligand, the lower is the degree of aggregation. At the same time the extent of CO2 activation is decreased as indicated by the structural and spectroscopic analysis and reactivity studies. Accompanying DFT studies showed that the coordinating AM Lewis acidic fragment withdraws only a small amount of charge from the carbonite moiety, but it also affects the internal charge equilibration between the LtBu Ni and carbonite moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siad Wolff
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vladimir Pelmenschikov
- Institut für Chemie Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr.C7, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Müller
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mervan Ertegi
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatrice Cula
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut für Chemie Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Sekr.C7, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Limberg
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Zimmermann P, Ar D, Rößler M, Holze P, Cula B, Herwig C, Limberg C. Selective Transformation of Nickel‐Bound Formate to CO or C−C Coupling Products Triggered by Deprotonation and Steered by Alkali‐Metal Ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Zimmermann
- Institut für Chemie Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Deniz Ar
- Institut für Chemie Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Marie Rößler
- Institut für Chemie Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Patrick Holze
- Institut für Chemie Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Beatrice Cula
- Institut für Chemie Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Christian Herwig
- Institut für Chemie Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - Christian Limberg
- Institut für Chemie Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Brook-Taylor-Straße 2 12489 Berlin Germany
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4
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Zimmermann P, Ar D, Rößler M, Holze P, Cula B, Herwig C, Limberg C. Selective Transformation of Nickel-Bound Formate to CO or C-C Coupling Products Triggered by Deprotonation and Steered by Alkali-Metal Ions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:2312-2321. [PMID: 33084156 PMCID: PMC7898393 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The complexes [LtBu Ni(OCO-κ2 O,C)]M3 [N(SiMe3 )2 ]2 (M=Li, Na, K), synthesized by deprotonation of a nickel formate complex [LtBu NiOOCH] with the corresponding amides M[N(SiMe3 )2 ], feature a NiII -CO2 2- core surrounded by Lewis-acidic cations (M+ ) and the influence of the latter on the behavior and reactivity was studied. The results point to a decrease of CO2 activation within the series Li, Na, and K, which is also reflected in the reactivity with Me3 SiOTf leading to the liberation of CO and formation of a Ni-OSiMe3 complex. Furthermore, in case of K+ , the {[K3 [N(SiMe3 )2 ]2 }+ shell around the Ni-CO2 2- entity was shown to have a large impact on its stabilization and behavior. If the number of K[N(SiMe3 )2 ] equivalents used in the reaction with [LtBu NiOOCH] is decreased from 3 to 0.5, the deprotonated part of the precursor enters a complex reaction sequence with formation of [LtBu NiI (μ-OOCH)NiI LtBu ]K and [LtBu Ni(C2 O4 )NiLtBu ]. The same reaction at higher concentrations additionally led to the formation of a unique hexanuclear NiII complex containing both oxalate and mesoxalate ([O2 C-CO2 -CO2 ]4- ) ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Zimmermann
- Institut für ChemieHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Deniz Ar
- Institut für ChemieHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Marie Rößler
- Institut für ChemieHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Patrick Holze
- Institut für ChemieHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Beatrice Cula
- Institut für ChemieHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Christian Herwig
- Institut für ChemieHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
| | - Christian Limberg
- Institut für ChemieHumboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Straße 212489BerlinGermany
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Sarkar D, Weetman C, Dutta S, Schubert E, Jandl C, Koley D, Inoue S. N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Stabilized Germa-acylium Ion: Reactivity and Utility in Catalytic CO2 Functionalizations. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15403-15411. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debotra Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Catherine Weetman
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sayan Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, India
| | - Emeric Schubert
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Debasis Koley
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741 246, India
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, WACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Wu H, Li J, Yang D, Tong P, Zhao J, Wang B, Qu J. CO2 fixation and transformation on a thiolate-bridged dicobalt scaffold under oxidising conditions. Inorg Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi00423h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
CO2 fixation and conversion promoted by a thiolate-bridged dicobalt complex in the presence of an oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Jianzhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Dawei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Peng Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Jinfeng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Baomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Jingping Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials
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