1
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Rivero DS, Pérez-Pérez Y, Perretti MD, Santos T, Scoccia J, Tejedor D, Carrillo R. Kinetic Control of Complexity in Multiple Dynamic Libraries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406654. [PMID: 38660925 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Multiple dynamic libraries of compounds are generated when more than one reversible reaction comes into play. Commonly, two or more orthogonal reversible reactions are used, leading to non-communicating dynamic libraries which share no building blocks. Only a few examples of communicating libraries have been reported, and in all those cases, building blocks are reversibly exchanged from one library to the other, constituting an antiparallel dynamic covalent system. Herein we report that communication between two different dynamic libraries through an irreversible process is also possible. Indeed, alkyl amines cancel the dynamic regime on the nucleophilic substitution of tetrazines, generating kinetically inert compounds. Interestingly, such amine can be part of another dynamic library, an imine-amine exchange. Thus, both libraries are interconnected with each other by an irreversible process which leads to kinetically inert structures that contain parts from both libraries, causing a collapse of the complexity. Additionally, a latent irreversible intercommunication could be developed. In such a way, a stable molecular system with specific host-guest and fluorescence properties, could be irreversibly transformed when the right stimulus was applied, triggering the cancellation of the original supramolecular and luminescent properties and the emergence of new ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Rivero
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3, 38206, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Yaiza Pérez-Pérez
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3, 38206, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Marcelle D Perretti
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3, 38206, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Tanausú Santos
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Jimena Scoccia
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3, 38206, La Laguna, Spain
| | - David Tejedor
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3, 38206, La Laguna, Spain
| | - Romen Carrillo
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez 3, 38206, La Laguna, Spain
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2
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Cougnon FBL, Stefankiewicz AR, Ulrich S. Dynamic covalent synthesis. Chem Sci 2024; 15:879-895. [PMID: 38239698 PMCID: PMC10793650 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc05343a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynamic covalent synthesis aims to precisely control the assembly of simple building blocks linked by reversible covalent bonds to generate a single, structurally complex, product. In recent years, considerable progress in the programmability of dynamic covalent systems has enabled easy access to a broad range of assemblies, including macrocycles, shape-persistent cages, unconventional foldamers and mechanically-interlocked species (catenanes, knots, etc.). The reversibility of the covalent linkages can be either switched off to yield stable, isolable products or activated by specific physico-chemical stimuli, allowing the assemblies to adapt and respond to environmental changes in a controlled manner. This activatable dynamic property makes dynamic covalent assemblies particularly attractive for the design of complex matter, smart chemical systems, out-of-equilibrium systems, and molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien B L Cougnon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience Centre, University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Artur R Stefankiewicz
- Centre for Advanced Technology and Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University Poznań Poland
| | - Sébastien Ulrich
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier France
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3
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You L. Dual reactivity based dynamic covalent chemistry: mechanisms and applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12943-12958. [PMID: 37772969 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04022d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) focuses on the reversible formation, breakage, and exchange of covalent bonds and assemblies, setting a bridge between irreversible organic synthesis and supramolecular chemistry and finding wide utility. In order to enhance structural and functional diversity and complexity, different types of dynamic covalent reactions (DCRs) are placed in one vessel, encompassing orthogonal DCC without crosstalk and communicating DCC with a shared reactive functional group. As a means of adding tautomers, widespread in chemistry, to interconnected DCRs and combining the features of orthogonal and communicating DCRs, a concept of dual reactivity based DCC and underlying structural and mechanistic insights are summarized. The manipulation of the distinct reactivity of structurally diverse ring-chain tautomers allows selective activation and switching of reaction pathways and corresponding DCRs (C-N, C-O, and C-S) and assemblies. The coupling with photoswitches further enables light-mediated formation and scission of multiple types of reversible covalent bonds. To showcase the capability of dual reactivity based DCC, the versatile applications in dynamic polymers and luminescent materials are presented, paving the way for future functionalization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
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4
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Marić I, Yang L, Li X, Santiago GM, Pappas CG, Qiu X, Dijksman JA, Mikhailov K, van Rijn P, Otto S. Tailorable and Biocompatible Supramolecular-Based Hydrogels Featuring two Dynamic Covalent Chemistries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216475. [PMID: 36744522 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) has proven to be a valuable tool in creating fascinating molecules, structures, and emergent properties in fully synthetic systems. Here we report a system that uses two dynamic covalent bonds in tandem, namely disulfides and hydrazones, for the formation of hydrogels containing biologically relevant ligands. The reversibility of disulfide bonds allows fiber formation upon oxidation of dithiol-peptide building block, while the reaction between NH-NH2 functionalized C-terminus and aldehyde cross-linkers results in a gel. The same bond-forming reaction was exploited for the "decoration" of the supramolecular assemblies by cell-adhesion-promoting sequences (RGD and LDV). Fast triggered gelation, cytocompatibility and ability to "on-demand" chemically customize fibrillar scaffold offer potential for applying these systems as a bioactive platform for cell culture and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Marić
- Stratingh Institute, Centre for Systems Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands
- Dutch Polymer Institute, P. O. Box 902, 5600 AX, Eindhoven (The, Netherlands
| | - Liangliang Yang
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40 and W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science-FB41, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen (The, Netherlands
| | - Xiufeng Li
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen (The, Netherlands
| | - Guillermo Monreal Santiago
- Stratingh Institute, Centre for Systems Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands
| | - Charalampos G Pappas
- Stratingh Institute, Centre for Systems Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands
| | - Xinkai Qiu
- Stratingh Institute and Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joshua A Dijksman
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE, Wageningen (The, Netherlands
| | - Kirill Mikhailov
- Stratingh Institute, Centre for Systems Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands
| | - Patrick van Rijn
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Biomedical Engineering-FB40 and W. J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science-FB41, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen (The, Netherlands
| | - Sijbren Otto
- Stratingh Institute, Centre for Systems Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen (The, Netherlands
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5
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Qi Y, Ramström O. Polymerization, Stimuli-induced Depolymerization, and Precipitation-driven Macrocyclization in a Nitroaldol Reaction System. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201863. [PMID: 35971799 PMCID: PMC9826525 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic covalent polymers of different topology have been synthesized from an aromatic dialdehyde and α,ω-dinitroalkanes via the nitroaldol reaction. All dinitroalkanes yielded dynamers with the dialdehyde, where the length of the dinitroalkane chain played a vital role in determining the structure of the final products. For longer dinitroalkanes, linear dynamers were produced, where the degree of polymerization reached a plateau at higher feed concentrations. In the reactions involving 1,4-dinitrobutane and 1,5-dinitropentane, specific macrocycles were formed through depolymerization of the linear chains, further driven by precipitation. At lower temperature, the same systemic self-sorting effect was also observed for the 1,6-dinitrohexane-based dynamers. Moreover, the dynamers showed a clear adaptive behavior, displaying depolymerization and rearrangement of the dynamer chains in response to alternative building blocks as external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchuan Qi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Massachusetts LowellOne University Ave.LowellMA 01854USA
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Massachusetts LowellOne University Ave.LowellMA 01854USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical SciencesLinnaeus UniversitySE-39182KalmarSweden
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6
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She Z, Zou H, You L. Tuning the selectivity of amino acid recognition with dynamic covalent bond constrained fluorophores in aqueous media. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:6897-6904. [PMID: 35972458 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01361d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The recognition and discrimination of amino acids are generating continuous interest due to their importance. Herein we developed a series of dynamic covalent reaction constrained aldehyde-derived fluorescent probes for the binding of amino acids with tunable selectivity. Diverse emission behaviors were obtained via pH triggered movement of ring-chain tautomerization equilibrium of aldehyde probes. By taking advantage of the distinct pKa and reactivity of aldehyde probes and amino acids, unique fluorescence signaling patterns were generated, and the selectivity for amino acid recognition was further modulated. The selective recognition of Cys/Hcy was attained at pH 7.4 as a result of thiazolidine formation. The manipulation of the reactivity at pH 10 enabled the realization of high selectivity for His and Cys, respectively. Moreover, pH and redox stimuli-responsive dynamic covalent networks were constructed for the regulation of amino acid recognition. The strategies and results described should be appealing in many aspects, including dynamic assemblies, molecular sensing, biological labeling, and smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian She
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Hanxun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Lei You
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China. .,Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
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7
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Marro N, Suo R, Naden AB, Kay ER. Constitutionally Selective Dynamic Covalent Nanoparticle Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:14310-14321. [PMID: 35901233 PMCID: PMC9376925 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The future of materials chemistry will be defined by
our ability
to precisely arrange components that have considerably larger dimensions
and more complex compositions than conventional molecular or macromolecular
building blocks. However, exerting structural and constitutional control
in the assembly of nanoscale entities presents a considerable challenge.
Dynamic covalent nanoparticles are emerging as an attractive category
of reaction-enabled solution-processable nanosized building block
through which the rational principles of molecular synthetic chemistry
can be extended into the nanoscale. From a mixture of two hydrazone-based
dynamic covalent nanoparticles with complementary reactivity, specific
molecular instructions trigger selective assembly of intimately mixed
heteromaterial (Au–Pd) aggregates or materials highly enriched
in either one of the two core materials. In much the same way as complementary
reactivity is exploited in synthetic molecular chemistry, chemospecific
nanoparticle-bound reactions dictate building block connectivity;
meanwhile, kinetic regioselectivity on the nanoscale regulates the
detailed composition of the materials produced. Selectivity, and hence
aggregate composition, is sensitive to several system parameters.
By characterizing the nanoparticle-bound reactions in isolation, kinetic
models of the multiscale assembly network can be constructed. Despite
ignoring heterogeneous physical processes such as aggregation and
precipitation, these simple kinetic models successfully link the underlying
molecular events with the nanoscale assembly outcome, guiding rational
optimization to maximize selectivity for each of the three assembly
pathways. With such predictive construction strategies, we can anticipate
that reaction-enabled nanoparticles can become fully incorporated
in the lexicon of synthetic chemistry, ultimately establishing a synthetic
science that manipulates molecular and nanoscale components with equal
proficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Marro
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Rongtian Suo
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Aaron B Naden
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Euan R Kay
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9ST, U.K
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8
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Escárcega-Bobadilla MV, Maldonado-Domínguez M, Romero-Ávila M, Zelada-Guillén GA. Turing patterns by supramolecular self-assembly of a single salphen building block. iScience 2022; 25:104545. [PMID: 35747384 PMCID: PMC9209723 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the 1950s, Alan Turing showed that concerted reactions and diffusion of activating and inhibiting chemical species can autonomously generate patterns without previous positional information, thus providing a chemical basis for morphogenesis in Nature. However, access to these patterns from only one molecular component that contained all the necessary information to execute agonistic and antagonistic signaling is so far an elusive goal, since two or more participants with different diffusivities are a must. Here, we report on a single-molecule system that generates Turing patterns arrested in the solid state, where supramolecular interactions are used instead of chemical reactions, whereas diffusional differences arise from heterogeneously populated self-assembled products. We employ a family of hydroxylated organic salphen building blocks based on a bis-Schiff-base scaffold with portions responsible for either activation or inhibition of assemblies at different hierarchies through purely supramolecular reactions, only depending upon the solvent dielectric constant and evaporation as fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha V Escárcega-Bobadilla
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Maldonado-Domínguez
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Computational Chemistry, J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Margarita Romero-Ávila
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gustavo A Zelada-Guillén
- School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Circuito Escolar s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City, Mexico
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9
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Orrillo AG, Furlan RLE. Sulfur in Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201168. [PMID: 35447003 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur has been important in dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) since the beginning of the field. Mainly as part of disulfides and thioesters, dynamic sulfur-based bonds (DSBs) have a leading role in several remarkable reactions. Part of this success is due to the almost ideal properties of DSBs for the preparation of dynamic covalent systems, including high reactivity and good reversibility under mild aqueous conditions, the possibility of exploiting supramolecular interactions, access to isolable structures, and easy experimental control to turn the reaction on/off. DCC is currently witnessing an increase in the importance of DSBs. The chemical flexibility offered by DSBs opens the door to multiple applications. This Review presents an overview of all the DSBs used in DCC, their applications, and remarks on the interesting properties that they confer on dynamic chemical systems, especially those containing several DSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gastón Orrillo
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET, Suipacha 531, Rosario, S2002LRK, Argentina
| | - Ricardo L E Furlan
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, CONICET, Suipacha 531, Rosario, S2002LRK, Argentina
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10
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Qin S, Zou H, Hai Y, You L. Aggregation-induced emission luminogens and tunable multicolor polymer networks modulated by dynamic covalent chemistry. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Orrillo AG, Furlan RLE. Sulfur in Dynamic Covalent Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Gastón Orrillo
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas Organic Chemistry Suipacha 530 2000 Rosario ARGENTINA
| | - Ricardo L. E. Furlan
- Universidad Nacional de Rosario Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas Organic Chemistry Suipacha 530 2000 Rosario ARGENTINA
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12
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Li Z, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Zha D, Hai Y, You L. Dynamic Covalent Reactions Controlled by Ring‐Chain Tautomerism of 2‐Formylbenzoic Acid. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Li
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Fujian Normal University Fuzhou Fujian 350007 China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Yuntao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Daijun Zha
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Yu Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China Fuzhou Fujian 350108 China
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13
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Coste M, Suárez-Picado E, Ulrich S. Hierarchical self-assembly of aromatic peptide conjugates into supramolecular polymers: it takes two to tango. Chem Sci 2022; 13:909-933. [PMID: 35211257 PMCID: PMC8790784 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05589e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers are self-assembled materials displaying adaptive and responsive "life-like" behaviour which are often made of aromatic compounds capable of engaging in π-π interactions to form larger assemblies. Major advances have been made recently in controlling their mode of self-assembly, from thermodynamically-controlled isodesmic to kinetically-controlled living polymerization. Dynamic covalent chemistry has been recently implemented to generate dynamic covalent polymers which can be seen as dynamic analogues of biomacromolecules. On the other hand, peptides are readily-available and structurally-rich building blocks that can lead to secondary structures or specific functions. In this context, the past decade has seen intense research activity in studying the behaviour of aromatic-peptide conjugates through supramolecular and/or dynamic covalent chemistries. Herein, we review those impressive key achievements showcasing how aromatic- and peptide-based self-assemblies can be combined using dynamic covalent and/or supramolecular chemistry, and what it brings in terms of the structure, self-assembly pathways, and function of supramolecular and dynamic covalent polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maëva Coste
- IBMM, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Esteban Suárez-Picado
- IBMM, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Sébastien Ulrich
- IBMM, Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM Montpellier France
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14
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Suárez-Picado E, Coste M, Runser JY, Fossépré M, Carvalho A, Surin M, Jierry L, Ulrich S. Hierarchical Self-Assembly and Multidynamic Responsiveness of Fluorescent Dynamic Covalent Networks Forming Organogels. Biomacromolecules 2021; 23:431-442. [PMID: 34910463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Smart stimuli-responsive fluorescent materials are of interest in the context of sensing and imaging applications. In this project, we elaborated multidynamic fluorescent materials made of a tetraphenylethene fluorophore displaying aggregation-induced emission and short cysteine-rich C-hydrazide peptides. Specifically, we show that a hierarchical dynamic covalent self-assembly process, combining disulfide and acyl-hydrazone bond formation operating simultaneously in a one-pot reaction, yields cage compounds at low concentration (2 mM), while soluble fluorescent dynamic covalent networks and even chemically cross-linked fluorescent organogels are formed at higher concentrations. The number of cysteine residues in the peptide sequence impacts directly the mechanical properties of the resulting organogels, Young's moduli varying 2500-fold across the series. These materials underpinned by a nanofibrillar network display multidynamic responsiveness following concentration changes, chemical triggers, as well as light irradiation, all of which enable their controlled degradation with concomitant changes in spectroscopic outputs─self-assembly enhances fluorescence emission by ca. 100-fold and disassembly quenches fluorescence emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Suárez-Picado
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS, Université of Montpellier, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Maëva Coste
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS, Université of Montpellier, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Yves Runser
- Université de StrasbourgCNRS, Institut Charles Sadron, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mathieu Fossépré
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers, University of Mons-UMONS, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Alain Carvalho
- Université de StrasbourgCNRS, Institut Charles Sadron, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Mathieu Surin
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers, University of Mons-UMONS, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Loïc Jierry
- Université de StrasbourgCNRS, Institut Charles Sadron, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sébastien Ulrich
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), CNRS, Université of Montpellier, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France
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15
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Hai Y, Ye H, Li Z, Zou H, Lu H, You L. Light-Induced Formation/Scission of C-N, C-O, and C-S Bonds Enables Switchable Stability/Degradability in Covalent Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20368-20376. [PMID: 34797658 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The manipulation of covalent bonds could be directed toward degradable, recyclable, and sustainable materials. However, there is an intrinsic conflict between properties of stability and degradability. Here we report light-controlled formation/scission of three types of covalent bonds (C-N, C-O, and C-S) through photoswitching between equilibrium and nonequilibrium states of dynamic covalent systems, achieving dual benefits of photoaddressable stability and cleavability. The photocyclization of dithienylethene fused aldehyde ring-chain tautomers turns on the reactivity, incorporating/releasing amines, alcohols, and thiols reversibly with high efficiency, respectively. Upon photocycloreversion the system is shifted to kinetically locked out-of-equilibrium form, enabling remarkable robustness of covalent assemblies. Reaction coupling allows remote and directional control of a diverse range of equilibria and further broadens the scope. Through locking and unlocking covalent linkages with light when needed, the utility is demonstrated with capture/release of bioactive molecules, modification of surfaces, and creation of polymers exhibiting tailored stability and degradability/recyclability. The versatile toolbox for photoswitchable dynamic covalent reactions to toggle matters on and off should be appealing to many endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hanxun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hanwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou 350108, China
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16
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Kravchenko A, Timmer BJJ, Inge AK, Biedermann M, Ramström O. Stable CAAC‐based Ruthenium Complexes for Dynamic Olefin Metathesis Under Mild Conditions. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kravchenko
- Department of Chemistry KTH – Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 36 S-10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Brian J. J. Timmer
- Department of Chemistry KTH – Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 36 S-10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - A. Ken Inge
- Stockholm University Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Svante Arrhenius väg 16 C S-10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Maurice Biedermann
- Department of Chemistry KTH – Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 36 S-10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry KTH – Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 36 S-10044 Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Chemistry University of Massachusetts Lowell One University Ave. Lowell MA 01854 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences Linnaeus University SE-39182 Kalmar Sweden
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17
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Schaufelberger F, Ramström O. Activated Self-Resolution and Error-Correction in Catalytic Reaction Networks*. Chemistry 2021; 27:10335-10340. [PMID: 33780566 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the emergence of function in complex reaction networks is a primary goal of systems chemistry and origin-of-life studies. Especially challenging is to create systems that simultaneously exhibit several emergent functions that can be independently tuned. In this work, a multifunctional complex reaction network of nucleophilic small molecule catalysts for the Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) reaction is demonstrated. The dynamic system exhibited triggered self-resolution, preferentially amplifying a specific catalyst/product set out of a many potential alternatives. By utilizing selective reversibility of the products of the reaction set, systemic thermodynamically driven error-correction could also be introduced. To achieve this, a dynamic covalent MBH reaction based on adducts with internal H-transfer capabilities was developed. By careful tuning of the substituents, rate accelerations of retro-MBH reactions of up to four orders of magnitude could be obtained. This study thus demonstrates how efficient self-sorting of catalytic systems can be achieved through an interplay of several complex emergent functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Schaufelberger
- Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 36, 10044 Stockholm (Sweden)
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 36, 10044 Stockholm (Sweden).,Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave., Lowell, MA, 01854, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, 39182, Kalmar, Sweden
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18
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Sattar F, Feng Z, Zou H, Ye H, Zhang Y, You L. Dynamic covalent bond constrained ureas for multimode fluorescence switching, thermally induced emission, and chemical signaling cascades. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00500f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A combination of organic ureas and dynamic covalent chemistry was demonstrated for multistate switching, thermally induced fluorescence, and signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazli Sattar
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Zelin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Hanxun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Energy Engineering
- Foshan University
- Foshan
- China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Fuzhou
- China
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19
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Ren Y, Kravchenko O, Ramström O. Configurational and Constitutional Dynamics of Enamine Molecular Switches. Chemistry 2020; 26:15654-15663. [PMID: 33044767 PMCID: PMC7756271 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dual configurational and constitutional dynamics in systems based on enamine molecular switches has been systematically studied. pH-responsive moieties, such as 2-pyridyl and 2-quinolinyl units, were required on the "stator" part, also providing enamine stability through intramolecular hydrogen-bonding (IMHB) effects. Upon protonation or deprotonation, forward and backward switching could be rapidly achieved. Extension of the stator π-system in the 2-quinolinyl derivative provided a higher E-isomeric equilibrium ratio under neutral conditions, pointing to a means to achieve quantitative forward/backward isomerization processes. The "rotor" part of the enamine switches exhibited constitutional exchange ability with primary amines. Interestingly, considerably higher exchange rates were observed with amines containing ester groups, indicating potential stabilization of the transition state through IMHB. Acids, particularly BiIII , were found to efficiently catalyze the constitutional dynamic processes. In contrast, the enamine and the formed dynamic enamine system showed excellent stability under basic conditions. This coupled configurational and constitutional dynamics expands the scope of dynamic C-C and C-N bonds and potentiates further studies and applications in the fields of molecular machinery and systems chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Ren
- Department of ChemistryKTH—Royal Institute of TechnologyTeknikringen 3610044StockholmSweden
| | - Oleksandr Kravchenko
- Department of ChemistryKTH—Royal Institute of TechnologyTeknikringen 3610044StockholmSweden
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of ChemistryKTH—Royal Institute of TechnologyTeknikringen 3610044StockholmSweden
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Massachusetts LowellOne University Ave.LowellMA01854USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical SciencesLinnaeus University39182KalmarSweden
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20
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Schaufelberger F, Seigel K, Ramström O. Hydrogen-Bond Catalysis of Imine Exchange in Dynamic Covalent Systems. Chemistry 2020; 26:15581-15588. [PMID: 32427370 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The reversibility of imine bonds has been exploited to great effect in the field of dynamic covalent chemistry, with applications such as preparation of functional systems, dynamic materials, molecular machines, and covalent organic frameworks. However, acid catalysis is commonly needed for efficient equilibration of imine mixtures. Herein, it is demonstrated that hydrogen bond donors such as thioureas and squaramides can catalyze the equilibration of dynamic imine systems under unprecedentedly mild conditions. Catalysis occurs in a range of solvents and in the presence of many sensitive additives, showing moderate to good rate accelerations for both imine metathesis and transimination with amines, hydrazines, and hydroxylamines. Furthermore, the catalyst proved simple to immobilize, introducing both reusability and extended control of the equilibration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Schaufelberger
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karolina Seigel
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 36, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, One University Ave., Lowell, MA, 01854, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, 39182, Kalmar, Sweden
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21
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Mao J, Hai Y, Ye H, You L. Adaptive Covalent Networks Enabled by Dual Reactivity: The Evolution of Reversible Covalent Bonds, Their Molecular Assemblies, and Guest Recognition. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5351-5361. [PMID: 32250630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive chemistry allows transformation and selection within molecular networks, and adaptive systems composed of different types of dynamic covalent reactions (DCRs) are challenging. Herein, we demonstrate dual reactivity-based covalent networks encompassing the regulation of and switching between C-N- and C-S-based reversible covalent assemblies. The creation and exchange of C-N- or C-S-derived assemblies exhibiting diverse architectures, including linear structures, macrocycles, and cages, were achieved. The shift of reactivity then permitted the interconversion between C-N- and C-S-containing assemblies. Moreover, the adaption of intramolecular and intermolecular scaffolds was feasible via linker design. The latent hemiaminal chirality center offered a pathway for the induction of chirality within assemblies. Finally, switchable structural change and controlled extraction of ions were realized with Hg2+ as a guest for macrocycles. The remarkable complexity of networks described herein could open the door for the utility in sophisticated functional systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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22
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Karalius A, Zhang Y, Kravchenko O, Elofsson U, Szabó Z, Yan M, Ramström O. Formation and Out‐of‐Equilibrium, High/Low State Switching of a Nitroaldol Dynamer in Neutral Aqueous Media. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:3434-3438. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antanas Karalius
- Department of ChemistryKTH—Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 36 10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of ChemistryKTH—Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 36 10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Oleksandr Kravchenko
- Department of ChemistryKTH—Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 36 10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ulla Elofsson
- Bioscience and Materials divisionResearch Institutes of Sweden Box 5607 114 86 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- Department of ChemistryKTH—Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 36 10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of ChemistryKTH—Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 36 10044 Stockholm Sweden
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Massachusetts Lowell One University Ave. Lowell MA 01854 USA
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of ChemistryKTH—Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 36 10044 Stockholm Sweden
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Massachusetts Lowell One University Ave. Lowell MA 01854 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical SciencesLinnaeus University 39182 Kalmar Sweden
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23
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Karalius A, Zhang Y, Kravchenko O, Elofsson U, Szabó Z, Yan M, Ramström O. Formation and Out‐of‐Equilibrium, High/Low State Switching of a Nitroaldol Dynamer in Neutral Aqueous Media. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antanas Karalius
- Department of ChemistryKTH—Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 36 10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of ChemistryKTH—Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 36 10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Oleksandr Kravchenko
- Department of ChemistryKTH—Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 36 10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Ulla Elofsson
- Bioscience and Materials divisionResearch Institutes of Sweden Box 5607 114 86 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- Department of ChemistryKTH—Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 36 10044 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of ChemistryKTH—Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 36 10044 Stockholm Sweden
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Massachusetts Lowell One University Ave. Lowell MA 01854 USA
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of ChemistryKTH—Royal Institute of Technology Teknikringen 36 10044 Stockholm Sweden
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Massachusetts Lowell One University Ave. Lowell MA 01854 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical SciencesLinnaeus University 39182 Kalmar Sweden
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24
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Zou H, Hai Y, Ye H, You L. Dynamic Covalent Switches and Communicating Networks for Tunable Multicolor Luminescent Systems and Vapor-Responsive Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:16344-16353. [PMID: 31547653 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Molecular switches are an intensive area of research, and in particular, the control of multistate switching is challenging. Herein we introduce a general and versatile strategy of dynamic covalent switches and communicating networks, wherein distinct states of reversible covalent systems can induce addressable fluorescence switching. The regulation of intramolecular ring/chain equilibrium, intermolecular dynamic covalent reactions (DCRs) with amines, and both permitted the activation of optical switches. The variation in electron-withdrawing competition between the fluorophore and 2-formylbenzenesulfonyl unit afforded diverse signaling patterns. The combination of switches in situ further enabled the creation of communicating networks for multistate color switching, including white emission, through the delicate control of DCRs in complex mixtures. Finally, reversible and recyclable multiresponsive luminescent materials were achieved with molecular networks on the solid support, allowing visualization of different types of vapors and quantification of primary amine vapors with high sensitivity and wide detection range. The results reported herein should be appealing for future studies of dynamic assemblies, molecular sensing, intelligent materials, and biological labeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yu Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Hebo Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002 , China
| | - Lei You
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry , Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Fuzhou 350002 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
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25
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Martinez-Amezaga M, Orrillo AG, Furlan RLE. Engineering multilayer chemical networks. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8338-8347. [PMID: 31803411 PMCID: PMC6844274 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02166c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic multilevel systems emerged in the last few years as new platforms to study thermodynamic systems. In this work, unprecedented fully communicated three-level systems are studied. First, different conditions were screened to selectively activate thiol/dithioacetal, thiol/thioester, and thiol/disulfide exchanges, individually or in pairs. Some of those conditions were applied, sequentially, to build multilayer dynamic systems wherein information, in the form of relative amounts of building blocks, can be directionally transmitted between different exchange pools. As far as we know, this is the first report of one synthetic dynamic chemical system where relationships between layers can be changed through network operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitena Martinez-Amezaga
- Farmacognosia , Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas , Universidad Nacional de Rosario - CONICET , Suipacha 531 , Rosario , S2002SLRK , Argentina .
| | - A Gastón Orrillo
- Farmacognosia , Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas , Universidad Nacional de Rosario - CONICET , Suipacha 531 , Rosario , S2002SLRK , Argentina .
| | - Ricardo L E Furlan
- Farmacognosia , Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas , Universidad Nacional de Rosario - CONICET , Suipacha 531 , Rosario , S2002SLRK , Argentina .
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26
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Konopka M, Cecot P, Ulrich S, Stefankiewicz AR. Tuning the Solubility of Self-Assembled Fluorescent Aromatic Cages Using Functionalized Amino Acid Building Blocks. Front Chem 2019; 7:503. [PMID: 31380348 PMCID: PMC6647868 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported novel fluorescent aromatic cages that are self-produced using a set of orthogonal dynamic covalent reactions, operating simultaneously in one-pot, to assemble up to 10 components through 12 reactions into a single cage-type structure. We now introduce N-functionalized amino acids as new building blocks that enable tuning the solubility and analysis of the resulting cages. A convenient divergent synthetic approach was developed to tether different side chains on the N-terminal of a cysteine-derived building block. Our studies show that this chemical functionalization does not prevent the subsequent self-assembly and effective formation of desired cages. While the originally described cages required 94% DMSO, the new ones bearing hydrophobic side chains were found soluble in organic solvents (up to 75% CHCl3), and those grafted with hydrophilic side chains were soluble in water (up to 75% H2O). Fluorescence studies confirmed that despite cage functionalization the aggregation-induced emission properties of those architectures are retained. Thus, this work significantly expands the range of solvents in which these self-assembled cage compounds can be generated, which in turn should enable new applications, possibly as fluorescent sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Konopka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Cecot
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Sébastien Ulrich
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, ENSCM, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Artur R. Stefankiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
- Center for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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