1
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Xiao J, Wu H, Liang JR, Wu P, Guo C, Wang YW, Wang ZY, Peng Y. Photocatalytic Tandem Radical Cyclization Enables Expeditious Total Synthesis of Epoxyhinokiol Analogues for Anticancer Activity Evaluation. Org Lett 2024; 26:3481-3486. [PMID: 38240748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
A photocatalytic radical cascade with an unusual endo-trig cyclization was developed, which enables the efficient assembly of divergent tricyclic diterpenoid frameworks. The first total synthesis of abietane 10-epi-epoxyhinoliol was thus achieved in six steps by a subsequent reductive coupling of i-PrBr under photoredox/nickel dual catalysis. Inhibitory tests of chiral 10-epi-epoxyhinoliol and its analogues in 4T1 cancer cells demonstrated the critical role of the C12 hydroxyl group, leading to a discovery of the simplified analogue with better activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiao
- School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Rong Liang
- Spin-X Institute, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511422, P. R. China
| | - Ping Wu
- School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Chen Guo
- School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Wen Wang
- School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Yi Wang
- Spin-X Institute, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511422, P. R. China
| | - Yu Peng
- School of Chemistry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China
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2
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Liu ZH, Xiao J, Zhai QQ, Tang X, Xu LJ, Zhuang ZY, Wang YW, Peng Y. Intramolecular Ni-catalyzed reductive coupling enables enantiodivergent synthesis of linoxepin. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:694-697. [PMID: 38105647 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05312a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed reductive tandem cyclization of the elaborated β-bromo acetal with a dibenzoxepin scaffold was invented to strategically construct the remaining two rings in linoxepin. The generated diasterodivergent intermediates could be easily converted to both enantiomers of this unique cyclolignan molecule via facile oxidations, thus realizing enantiodivergent total synthesis of linoxepin for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Hao Liu
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China.
| | - Jian Xiao
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China.
| | - Qian-Qian Zhai
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China.
| | - Xi Tang
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China.
| | - Li-Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Wen Wang
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Peng
- School of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education), Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P. R. China.
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3
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Fernandes RA. Deciphering the quest in the divergent total synthesis of natural products. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12205-12230. [PMID: 37746673 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03564f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The divergent synthesis of natural products is rapidly developing towards achieving the goal of efficiency and economy in total synthesis. However, presently, the sustainable development of the synthesis of natural products does not permit the linear synthesis of a single target. In this case, divergent total synthesis is based on the identification of an advanced intermediate with structural features that can be mapped in more than two molecules. However, the identification of this intermediate and its scalable synthesis in enantiopure form are challenging. Herein, we present the details of the ingenious efforts by researchers in the last six years toward the divergent synthesis of two to as many as eight natural products initially via a single route, and then diverging from a common intermediate and further branching out toward several natural products. The planning and strategies adopted can serve as guidelines for the future development of efficient divergent routes aimed at achieving higher efficiency toward multiple targets, causing divergent synthesis to become an accepted common practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney A Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, Maharashtra, India.
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4
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Walker KL, Loach RP, Movassaghi M. Total synthesis of complex 2,5-diketopiperazine alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2023; 90:159-206. [PMID: 37716796 PMCID: PMC10955524 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
The 2,5-diketopiperazine (DKP) motif is present in many biologically relevant, complex natural products. The cyclodipeptide substructure offers structural rigidity and stability to proteolysis that makes these compounds promising candidates for medical applications. Due to their fascinating molecular architecture, synthetic organic chemists have focused significant effort on the total synthesis of these compounds. This review covers many such efforts on the total synthesis of DKP containing complex alkaloid natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Richard P Loach
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Mohammad Movassaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.
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5
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New Preparation of Ferrocene Carboxylic Acid Benzotriazol-1-yl Ester. MOLBANK 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/m1582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferrocene and its derivatives are very useful in the fields of chemistry, biomedicine and materials. Herein, a ferrocene derivative was synthesized in one step from benzotriazol-1-yl-oxytripyrrolidino-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate and ferrocenecarboxylic acid. Its accurate structure was determined by 1H and 13C NMR and further confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis of the corresponding single crystal.
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6
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Chi BK, Widness JK, Gilbert MM, Salgueiro DC, Garcia KJ, Weix DJ. In-Situ Bromination Enables Formal Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Alcohols with Aryl and Alkenyl Halides. ACS Catal 2022; 12:580-586. [PMID: 35386235 PMCID: PMC8979542 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although alcohols are one of the largest pools of alkyl substrates, approaches to utilize them in cross-coupling and cross-electrophile coupling are limited. We report the use of 1° and 2° alcohols in cross-electrophile coupling with aryl and vinyl halides to form C(sp3)-C(sp2) bonds in a one-pot strategy utilizing a very fast (<1 min) bromination. The reaction's simple benchtop setup and broad scope (42 examples, 56% ± 15% ave yield) facilitates use at all scales. The potential in parallel synthesis applications was demonstrated by successfully coupling all combinations of 8 alcohols with 12 aryl cores in a 96-well plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin K. Chi
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Chemistry, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Jonas K. Widness
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Chemistry, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Michael M. Gilbert
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Chemistry, Madison, WI 53706
| | | | - Kevin J. Garcia
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Chemistry, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Daniel J. Weix
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Chemistry, Madison, WI 53706
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7
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Cao JS, Zeng J, Xiao J, Wang XH, Wang Y, Peng Y. Total synthesis of linoxepin facilitated by Ni-catalyzed tandem reductive cyclization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7273-7276. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02221d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed reductive cyclization was developed to construct the tricyclic core embedded in linoxepin, a cyclolignan with a unique benzoxepin ring. The generated diasterodivergent acetals could be converted to the...
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8
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Xiao J, Zhao J, Wang YW, Luo G, Peng Y. Total syntheses of (+)-adunctins C and D: assignment of their absolute configurations. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9840-9843. [PMID: 34748620 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02055b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of (+)-adunctin C (ent-1) and (+)-adunctin D (2), two monoterpene-substitued dihydrochalcones isolated from Piper aduncum (Piperaceae), was achieved. A regioselective oxidative [3 + 2] cycloaddition of acylphloroglucinol with (-)-β-phellandrene was developed to construct their unique spirobenzofuran skeleton. The absolute configurations of natural adunctins 1 and 2 were thus assigned through these endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xiao
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Zhao
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ya-Wen Wang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gan Luo
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Peng
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Xu J, Li R, Xu N, Liu X, Wang F, Feng X. Enantioselective [4 + 2] Cycloaddition/Cyclization Cascade Reaction and Total Synthesis of cis-Bis(cyclotryptamine) Alkaloids. Org Lett 2021; 23:1856-1861. [PMID: 33621106 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The asymmetric catalytic synthesis of 3-cyclotryptamine substituted oxindoles through formal [4 + 2] cycloaddition/cyclization cascade is described. A wide range of cyclotryptamine derivatives were obtained in enantioenriched form under mild reaction conditions and were found to have potential anticancer activity. The strategy enables ready assembly of cyclotryptamine subunits at the C3a-C3a' positions with two quaternary stereogenic centers in cis-selectivity, leading to the concise synthesis of optically active cis-bis(hexahydropyrroloindole) and others of the cyclotryptamine alkaloid family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Runze Li
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Nian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Center for Natural Products Research, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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10
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Cheng HG, Yang Z, Chen R, Cao L, Tong WY, Wei Q, Wang Q, Wu C, Qu S, Zhou Q. A Concise Total Synthesis of (-)-Berkelic Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5141-5146. [PMID: 33252181 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Reported here is a concise total synthesis of (-)-berkelic acid in eight linear steps. This synthesis features a Catellani reaction/oxa-Michael cascade for the construction of the isochroman scaffold, a one-pot deprotection/spiroacetalization operation for the formation of the tetracyclic core structure, and a late-stage Ni-catalyzed reductive coupling for the introduction of the lateral chain. Notably, four stereocenters are established from a single existing chiral center with excellent stereocontrol during the deprotection/spiroacetalization process. Stereocontrol of the intriguing deprotection/spiroacetalization process is supported by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Gang Cheng
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhenjie Yang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ruiming Chen
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Liming Cao
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wen-Yan Tong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Chenggui Wu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shuanglin Qu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Qianghui Zhou
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.,The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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11
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Cheng H, Yang Z, Chen R, Cao L, Tong W, Wei Q, Wang Q, Wu C, Qu S, Zhou Q. A Concise Total Synthesis of (−)‐Berkelic Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hong‐Gang Cheng
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Zhenjie Yang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Ruiming Chen
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Liming Cao
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Wen‐Yan Tong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Chenggui Wu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Shuanglin Qu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Qianghui Zhou
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education) College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
- The Institute for Advanced Studies Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China
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12
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Tang S, Vincent G. Natural Products Originated from the Oxidative Coupling of Tyrosine and Tryptophan: Biosynthesis and Bioinspired Synthesis. Chemistry 2021; 27:2612-2622. [PMID: 32820845 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The oxidative coupling of tyrosine and tryptophan units is a pivotal step in the total synthesis of some peptide-derived marine and terrestrial natural products, such as the diazonamides, azonazine and tryptorubin A. This Minireview details the biosynthesis and bioinspired synthesis of natural products with such structures. A special focus is put on the challenges of the synthesis of these natural products and the innovative solutions adopted by synthetic chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyu Tang
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Guillaume Vincent
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91405, Orsay, France
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13
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Xue W, Jia X, Wang X, Tao X, Yin Z, Gong H. Nickel-catalyzed formation of quaternary carbon centers using tertiary alkyl electrophiles. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4162-4184. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01107j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent advances in nickel-catalyzed reactions employing tertiary alkyl electrophiles for the construction of quaternary carbon centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichao Xue
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Xiao Jia
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Xianghua Tao
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
| | - Zhigang Yin
- School of Materials & Chemical Engineering
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry
- Zhengzhou 450002
- China
| | - Hegui Gong
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry
- Shanghai University
- Shanghai 200444
- China
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14
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Liu J, Ye Y, Sessler JL, Gong H. Cross-Electrophile Couplings of Activated and Sterically Hindered Halides and Alcohol Derivatives. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:1833-1845. [PMID: 32840998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling of alkyl electrophiles has evolved into a privileged strategy that permits the facile construction of valuable C(sp3)-C bonds. Numerous elegant Ni-catalyzed coupling methods, for example, arylation, allylation, acylation, and vinylation of primary and secondary alkyl halides have been developed. This prior work has provided important mechanistic insights into the selectivity and reactivity of the coupling partners, which are largely dictated by both the catalysts and the reactants. In spite of the advances made to date, a number of challenging issues remain, including (1) achieving stereoselective syntheses of C-C bonds that rely primarily on functionalized or activated alkyl precursors, (2) diversifying the electrophiles, and (3) gaining insights into the underlying reaction mechanisms.In this Account, we summarize a number of Ni- and Fe-catalyzed reductive C-C bond forming methods developed in our laboratory, which have allowed us to couple activated, sterically hindered tertiary alkyl and C(sp3)-O bond electrophiles and to access methylated and trifluoromethylated products, esters, C-glycosides, and quaternary carbon centers. We will begin with a brief discussion of Ni-catalyzed chemoselective construction of unactivated alkyl-alkyl bonds, with focus on the effects of ligands and reductants, along with leaving group-directed reactivities of alkyl halides, and the role they play in promoting the reductive coupling of activated electrophiles, including methyl, trifluoromethyl, and glycosyl electrophiles, and chloroformates. Matching the reactivities of these electrophiles with suitable coupling partners is considered essential for success; this is something that can be tuned by means of appropriate Ni catalysts. Second, we will detail how tuning the steric and electronic effects of nickel catalysts with labile pyridine-type ligands and additives (primarily MgCl2) permits effective creation of arylated all-carbon quaternary centers through the coupling of aryl halides with sterically encumbered tertiary alkyl halides. In contrast, the use of bulkier bipyridine and terpyridine ligands permits the incorporation of relative small-sized acyl and allyl groups into acylated and allylated all-carbon quaternary centers. Finally, we will show how the knowledge gained with halide electrophiles enabled us to develop methods that permit the coupling of tertiary alkyl oxalates with allyl, aryl, and vinyl electrophiles, wherein Barton C-O bond radical fragmentation is mediated by Zn and MgCl2 and promoted by Ni catalysts. The same protocol is applicable to the arylation of secondary alkyl oxalates derived from α-hydroxyl carbonyl substrates, which involves the formation of relatively stable α-carbonyl carbon centered radicals. Thus, this Account not only summarizes synthetic methods that allow formation of valuable C-C bonds using challenging electrophiles but also provides insight into the relationship between the structure and reactivity of the substrates and catalysts, as well as the effects of additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Liu
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yang Ye
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Hegui Gong
- Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry and Institute for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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15
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Yang Y, Luo G, Li Y, Tong X, He M, Zeng H, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Zheng Y. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling for Transforming Unactivated Aryl Electrophiles into β-Fluoroethylarenes. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:156-162. [PMID: 31755237 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We report herein a facile synthetic method for converting unactivated (hetero)aryl electrophiles into β-fluoroethylated (hetero)arenes via nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-couplings. This coupling reaction features the involvement of FCH2 CH2 radical intermediate rather than β-fluoroethyl manganese species which provides effective solutions to the problematic β-fluoride side eliminations. The practical value of this protocol is further demonstrated by the late-stage modification of several complex ArCl or ArOH-derived bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science&Engineering, 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu, Zigong, Sichuan, 643000, China
| | - Gen Luo
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science&Engineering, 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu, Zigong, Sichuan, 643000, China
| | - Youlin Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science&Engineering, 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu, Zigong, Sichuan, 643000, China
| | - Xia Tong
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science&Engineering, 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu, Zigong, Sichuan, 643000, China
| | - Mengmeng He
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science&Engineering, 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu, Zigong, Sichuan, 643000, China
| | - Hongyao Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Leshan Normal University, 778 Binghe Road, Leshan, Sichuan, 614000, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science&Engineering, 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu, Zigong, Sichuan, 643000, China
| | - Yingle Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science&Engineering, 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu, Zigong, Sichuan, 643000, China
| | - Yubin Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science&Engineering, 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Lu, Zigong, Sichuan, 643000, China
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16
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Lin Z, Lan Y, Wang C. Reductive Allylic Defluorinative Cross-Coupling Enabled by Ni/Ti Cooperative Catalysis. Org Lett 2019; 21:8316-8322. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Lin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yun Lan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at the Microscale, Department of Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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17
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Ouyang Y, Peng Y, Li WDZ. Nickel-mediated reductive coupling of neopentyl bromides with activated alkenes at room temperature and its synthetic application. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Liu J, Lei C, Gong H. Nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling of glucosyl halides with aryl/vinyl halides enabling β-selective preparation of C-aryl/vinyl glucosides. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9501-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Liu Q, Li C, Lu Z, Huang G, Ye J, Gao Y, Chen H. A Direct Approach to 3‐Azo‐Substituted 2‐Oxindoles at Room Temperature by Nickel‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling Reaction. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
| | - Cailong Li
- College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
| | - Zhenxin Lu
- College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
| | - Gaofeng Huang
- College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
| | - Jinxiang Ye
- College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
| | - Yu Gao
- College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
| | - Haijun Chen
- College of ChemistryFuzhou University Fuzhou Fujian 350116 China
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20
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Yu W, Chen L, Tao J, Wang T, Fu J. Dual nickel- and photoredox-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling of aryl vinyl halides and unactivated tertiary alkyl bromides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5918-5921. [PMID: 31045192 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00768g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A novel reductive cross-coupling of aryl vinyl halides and unactivated tertiary alkyl bromides has been realized via photoredox/nickel dual catalysis to produce vinyl arene derivatives bearing all-carbon quaternary centers with excellent E-selectivity. A stoichiometric metal reductant could be avoided by employing commercially available N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) as the terminal reductant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Yu
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis and Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, Jiangxi, P. R. China.
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