1
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Schweng P, Mayer F, Galehdari D, Weiland K, Woodward RT. A Robust and Low-Cost Sulfonated Hypercrosslinked Polymer for Atmospheric Water Harvesting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2304562. [PMID: 37621031 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The availability of freshwater is rapidly declining due to over-exploitation and climate change, with multiple parts of the globe already facing significant freshwater scarcity. Here, a sulfonated hypercrosslinked polymer able to repeatedly harvest significant amounts of water via direct air capture is reported. Water uptake from relative humidities as low as 10% is demonstrated, mimicking some of the harshest environments on Earth. A water harvesting device is used to show repeated uptake and harvesting without significant detriment to adsorbent performance. Desorption is triggered using simulated sunlight, presenting a low-energy route to water harvesting and adsorbent regeneration. The synthesis of sulfonated hypercrosslinked polymer requires only low-cost and readily available reagents, offering excellent potential for scale-up. Due to an almost limitless supply of water vapor from air in most regions around the globe, this approach can transform our ability to address water security concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Schweng
- Institute of Materials Chemistry and Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Mayer
- Institute of Materials Chemistry and Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Danial Galehdari
- Institute of Materials Chemistry and Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathrin Weiland
- Institute of Materials Chemistry and Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert T Woodward
- Institute of Materials Chemistry and Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Kim H, Choe JH, Kang M, Kang DW, Yun H, Youn J, Lee WG, Lee JH, Hong CS. Switchable Xe/Kr Selectivity in a Hofmann-Type Metal-Organic Framework via Temperature-Responsive Rotational Dynamics. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301905. [PMID: 37093175 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of adsorbents for Kr and Xe separation is essential to meet industrial demands and for energy conservation. Although a number of previous studies have focused on Xe-selective adsorbents, stimuli-responsive Xe/Kr-selective adsorbents still remain underdeveloped. Herein, a Hofmann-type framework Co(DABCO)[Ni(CN)4 ] (referred to as CoNi-DAB; DABCO = 1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane) that provides a temperature-dependent switchable Xe/Kr separation performance is reported. CoNi-DAB showed high Kr/Xe (0.8/0.2) selectivity with significant Kr adsorption at 195 K as well as high Xe/Kr (0.2/0.8) selectivity with superior Xe adsorption at 298 K. Such adsorption features are associated with the temperature-dependent rotational configuration of the DABCO ligand, which affects the kinetic gate-opening temperature of Xe and Kr. The packing densities of Xe (2.886 g cm-3 at 298 K) and Kr (2.399 g cm-3 at 195 K) inside the framework are remarkable and comparable with those of liquid Xe (3.057 g cm-3 ) and liquid Kr (2.413 g cm-3 ), respectively. Breakthrough experiments confirm the temperature-dependent reverse separation performance of CoNi-DAB at 298 K under dry and wet (88% relative humidity) conditions and at 195 K under dry conditions. The unique adsorption behavior is also verified through van der Waals (vdW)-corrected density functional theory (DFT) calculations and nudged elastic band (NEB) simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hyeak Choe
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjung Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Won Kang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, 100 Inha-Ro, Michuhol-Gu, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongryeol Yun
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongwon Youn
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Weon-Gyu Lee
- Computational Science Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Lee
- Computational Science Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Seop Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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3
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Nandy L, Fenton JL, Freedman MA. Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation in Model Crystalline Porous Organic Polymers: Influence of Pore Size on Immersion Freezing. J Phys Chem A 2023. [PMID: 37470779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous ice nucleation activity is affected by aerosol particle composition, crystallinity, pore size, and surface area. However, these surface properties are not well understood, regarding how they act to promote ice nucleation and growth to form ice clouds. Therefore, synthesized materials for which surface properties can be tuned were examined in immersion freezing mode in this study. To establish the relationship between particle surface properties and efficiency of ice nucleation, materials, here, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), with different pore diameters and degrees of crystallinity (ordering), were characterized. Results showed that out of all the highly crystalline COFs, the sample with a pore diameter between 2 and 3 nm exhibited the most efficient ice nucleation activity. We posit that the highly crystalline structures with ordered pores have an optimal pore diameter where the ice nucleation activity is maximized and that the not highly crystalline structures with nonordered pores have more sites for ice nucleation. The results were compared and discussed in the context of other synthesized porous particle systems. Such studies give insight into how material features impact ice nucleation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Nandy
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, Chemistry Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Julie L Fenton
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, Chemistry Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Miriam Arak Freedman
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, Chemistry Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
- Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, The Pennsylvania State University, Chemistry Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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4
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Nguyen HL. Covalent Organic Frameworks for Atmospheric Water Harvesting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300018. [PMID: 36892195 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric water harvesting using reticular materials is an innovation that has the potential to change the world. Using covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for capturing water holds great promise because COFs are metal-free, stable under working conditions, and their structure can be intentionally designed to meet the requirements for this application. To promote the chemistry and use of COFs for atmospheric water harvesting, important features for synthesizing suitable water-harvesting COFs are discussed. The achievements of using COFs as water harvesters are then highlighted, showing how the water harvesting properties are related to the structural design. Finally, perspectives and research directions for further studies in COF chemistry are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha L Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute at UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Berkeley Global Science Institute, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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5
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Akintola J, Digby ZA, Schlenoff JB. Polyelectrolyte Complexes as Desiccants: Thirsty Saloplastics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:9962-9969. [PMID: 36749323 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c19934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Desiccants or drying agents are used extensively to remove water from liquids and gases. Many organic reactions, from the laboratory to the industrial scale, are sensitive to even trace amounts of water. A new class of desiccants made from complexed polyelectrolytes, PECs, is described here, exploiting the affinity of charged polymer repeat units for water. The enthalpy of hydration of dry PECs was used for the first time as a quantitative measure of PEC water affinity. Several combinations of positive, Pol+, and negative, Pol-, polymers were used to prepare PECs. All of these displayed significant exothermic (favorable) enthalpies of hydration, measured at room temperature using solution calorimetry. A PEC made from poly(diallyldimethylammonium) and poly(styrene sulfonate) was extruded into convenient shapes. This PEC was used to dry three common solvents, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, and toluene, representing a range of polarities. Added water was radiolabeled with tritium to provide accurate and sensitive detection of residual water after treatment. This PEC was almost as efficient as the comparison desiccants, molecular sieve 3A and calcium sulfate, after 3 days of static drying but could be regenerated at a lower temperature (120 °C) and shed far fewer dust particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Akintola
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32308-4390, United States
| | - Zachary A Digby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32308-4390, United States
| | - Joseph B Schlenoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32308-4390, United States
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6
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Combining Polymerization and Templating toward Hyper-Cross-Linked Poly(propargyl aldehyde)s and Poly(propargyl alcohol)s for Reversible H 2O and CO 2 Capture and Construction of Porous Chiral Networks. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030743. [PMID: 36772045 PMCID: PMC9919244 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Two series of hyper-cross-linked microporous polyacetylene networks containing either -[CH=C(CH=O)]- or -[CH=C(CH2OH)]- monomeric units are reported. Networks are prepared by chain-growth copolymerization of acetal-protected propargyl aldehyde and acetal-protected propargyl alcohol with a 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene cross-linker followed by hydrolytic deprotection/detemplating. Deprotection not only liberates reactive CH=O and CH2OH groups in the networks but also modifies the texture of the networks towards higher microporosity and higher specific surface area. The final networks with CH=O and CH2OH groups attached directly to the polyene main chains of the networks have a specific surface area from 400 to 800 m2/g and contain functional groups in a high amount, up to 9.6 mmol/g. The CH=O and CH2OH groups in the networks serve as active centres for the reversible capture of CO2 and water vapour. The water vapour capture capacities of the networks (up to 445 mg/g at 297 K) are among the highest values reported for porous polymers, making these materials promising for cyclic water harvesting from the air. Covalent modification of the networks with (R)-(+)-3-aminopyrrolidine and (S)-(+)-2-methylbutyric acid enables the preparation of porous chiral networks and shows networks with CH=O and CH2OH groups as reactive supports suitable for the anchoring of various functional molecules.
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7
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Šorm D, Bashta B, Blahut J, Císařová I, Dolejšová Sekerová L, Vyskočilová E, Sedláček J. Porous polymer networks cross-linked by novel copper Schiff base complex: From synthesis to catalytic activity. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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8
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Ashirov T, Song KS, Coskun A. Salt-Templated Solvothermal Synthesis of Dioxane-Linked Three-Dimensional Nanoporous Organic Polymers for Carbon Dioxide and Iodine Capture. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2022; 5:13711-13719. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.2c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Timur Ashirov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
| | - Kyung Seob Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
| | - Ali Coskun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
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9
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Ahmed LR, Chuang CH, Lüder J, Yang HW, EL-Mahdy AFM. Direct Metal-Free Synthesis of Uracil- and Pentaazaphenalene-Functionalized Porous Organic Polymers via Quadruple Mannich Cyclization and Their Nucleobase Recognition Activities. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa Reda Ahmed
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsin Chuang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Johann Lüder
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Center for Theoretical and computational Physics, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wei Yang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ahmed F. M. EL-Mahdy
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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10
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Mohan B, Kumar S, Chen Q. Obtaining Water from Air Using Porous Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs). Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:54. [PMID: 36269450 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Water collection from moisture in air, i.e., atmospheric water harvesting, is an urgent future need for society. It can be used for water production everywhere and anytime as an alternative water source in remote areas. However, water harvesting and collection usually relies on desalination, fog, and dewing harvesting, which are energy intensive. In this respect, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have broad applicability for water harvesting in water-scarce areas; therefore, the current discussion focuses on this approach. Furthermore, recent progress on MOFs for moisture harvesters is critically discussed. In addition, the design, operation, and water harvesting mechanisms of MOFs are studied. Finally, we discuss critical points for future research for the design of new MOFs as moisture harvesters for use in practical applications. MOF adsorbents offer excellent operating capacity in various temperature and pressure ranges. Rational water harvesters can thus be developed by adjusting structural properties such as the porosity, functionalities, and metal centers, thereby enabling new devices to produce water even in remote areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brij Mohan
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, 185 Yinjiang Road, Jimei District, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Quansheng Chen
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, 185 Yinjiang Road, Jimei District, Xiamen, 361021, China.
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11
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Fritz P, Coskun A. Postfunctionalized Covalent Organic Frameworks for Water Harvesting. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:871-873. [PMID: 35912356 PMCID: PMC9335912 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
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12
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Song KS, Ashirov T, Talapaneni SN, Clark AH, Yakimov AV, Nachtegaal M, Copéret C, Coskun A. Porous polyisothiocyanurates for selective palladium recovery and heterogeneous catalysis. Chem 2022; 8:2043-2059. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
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13
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14
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Alloush AM, Abdulghani H, Amasha HA, Saleh TA, Al Hamouz OCS. Microwave-assisted synthesis of novel porous organic polymers for effective selective capture of CO2. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Zhu Y, Xu P, Zhang X, Wu D. Emerging porous organic polymers for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1377-1414. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00871d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes and discusses the recent progress in porous organic polymers for diverse biomedical applications such as drug delivery, biomacromolecule immobilization, phototherapy, biosensing, bioimaging, and antibacterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youlong Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Peiwen Xu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- School of Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Dingcai Wu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite & Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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16
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Chakraborty J, Nath I, Verpoort F. A physicochemical introspection of porous organic polymer photocatalysts for wastewater treatment. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1124-1138. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00916h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A detailed physicochemical explanation for experimental observations is provided for POPs as powerful photocatalysts for organic transformations and wastewater decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeet Chakraborty
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Centre for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ipsita Nath
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- Centre for Ordered Materials, Organometallics and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Francis Verpoort
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue 30, Tomsk 634050, Russia
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17
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Wang JH, Chang CL, Zhang ZW, EL-Mahdy AFM. Facile metal-free synthesis of pyrrolo[3,2- b]pyrrolyl-based conjugated microporous polymers for high-performance photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00658h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and metal-free approach to the synthesis of new kinds of CMPs (pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrolyl-based CMPs) on a gram scale within a short time has been developed for remarkable adsorbent and photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Han Wang
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ling Chang
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Zhe Wei Zhang
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Ahmed F. M. EL-Mahdy
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
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18
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Rivero-Crespo MA, Toupalas G, Morandi B. Preparation of Recyclable and Versatile Porous Poly(aryl thioether)s by Reversible Pd-Catalyzed C-S/C-S Metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21331-21339. [PMID: 34871503 PMCID: PMC8704200 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Porous organic materials
(polymers and COFs) have shown a number
of promising properties; however, the lability of their linkages often
limits their robustness and can hamper downstream industrial application.
Inspired by the outstanding chemical, mechanical, and thermal resistance
of the 1D polymer poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS), we have designed
a new family of porous poly(aryl thioether)s, synthesized via a mild
Pd-catalyzed C–S/C–S metathesis-based method, that merges
the attractive features common to porous polymers and PPS in a single
material. In addition, the method is highly modular, allowing to easily
introduce application-oriented functionalities in the materials for
a series of environmentally relevant applications including metal
capture, metal sensing, and heterogeneous catalysis. Moreover, despite
their extreme chemical resistance, the polymers can be easily recycled
to recover the original monomers, offering an attractive perspective
for their sustainable use. In a broader context, these results clearly
demonstrate the untapped potential of emerging single-bond metathesis
reactions in the preparation of new, recyclable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bill Morandi
- ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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19
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Lu S, Liu Q, Han R, Guo M, Shi J, Song C, Ji N, Lu X, Ma D. Potential applications of porous organic polymers as adsorbent for the adsorption of volatile organic compounds. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 105:184-203. [PMID: 34130835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with high toxicity and carcinogenicity are emitted from kinds of industries, which endanger human health and the environment. Adsorption is a promising method for the treatment of VOCs due to its low cost and high efficiency. In recent years, activated carbons, zeolites, and mesoporous materials are widely used to remove VOCs because of their high specific surface area and abundant porosity. However, the hydrophilic nature and low desorption rate of those materials limit their commercial application. Furthermore, the adsorption capacities of VOCs still need to be improved. Porous organic polymers (POPs) with extremely high porosity, structural diversity, and hydrophobic have been considered as one of the most promising candidates for VOCs adsorption. This review generalized the superiority of POPs for VOCs adsorption compared to other porous materials and summarized the studies of VOCs adsorption on different types of POPs. Moreover, the mechanism of competitive adsorption between water and VOCs on the POPs was discussed. Finally, a concise outlook for utilizing POPs for VOCs adsorption was discussed, noting areas in which further work is needed to develop the next-generation POPs for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangchun Lu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qingling Liu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Rui Han
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Miao Guo
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiaqi Shi
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Chunfeng Song
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Na Ji
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xuebin Lu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Degang Ma
- Tianjin Key Lab of Indoor Air Environmental Quality Control, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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20
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Song KS, Talapaneni SN, Ashirov T, Coskun A. Molten Salt Templated Synthesis of Covalent Isocyanurate Frameworks with Tunable Morphology and High CO 2 Uptake Capacity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:26102-26108. [PMID: 34038084 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of reactive molten salts, i.e., ZnCl2, as a soft template and a catalyst has been actively investigated in the preparation of covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs). Although the soft templating effect of the salt melt is more prominent at low temperatures, close to the melting point of ZnCl2, leading to the formation of abundant micropores, a significant mesopore formation is observed that is due to the partial carbonization and other side reactions at higher temperatures (>400 °C). Evidently, high-temperature synthesis of CTFs in various eutectic salt mixtures of ZnCl2 with alkali metal chloride salts also leads to mesopore formation. We reasoned that using the isocyanate moieties instead of cyano groups in the monomer, 1,4-phenylene isocyanate, could enable efficient interactions between carbonyl moieties and alkali metal ions to realize efficient salt templating to form covalent isocyanurate frameworks (CICFs). In this direction, the trimerization of 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate was carried out under ionothermal conditions at different reaction temperatures using ZnCl2 (CICF) and the eutectic salt mixture of KCl/NaCl/ZnCl2 (CICF-KCl/NaCl) as the reactive solvents. We observed notable differences in the morphologies of the two polymers, whereas CICF showed irregular-shaped micrometer-sized particles, the CICF-KCl/NaCl exhibited a filmlike morphology. Moreover, favorable ion-dipole interactions between alkali metal cations and oxygen atoms of the monomer facilitated two-dimensional growth and the formation of a purely microporous framework in the case of CICF-KCl/NaCl along with a near theoretical retention of the nitrogen content at 500 °C. The CICF-KCl/NaCl showed a BET surface area of 590 m2 g-1 along with a CO2 uptake capacity of 5.9 mmol g-1 at 273 K and 1.1 bar because of its high microporosity and nitrogen content. On the contrary, in the absence of alkali metal ions, CICF showed high mesopore content and a moderate CO2 uptake capacity. This study underscores the importance of the strength of the interactions between the salts and the monomer in the ionothermal synthesis to control the morphology, porosity, and gas uptake properties of the porous organic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Seob Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
| | - Siddulu Naidu Talapaneni
- Australian Carbon Materials Centre (A-CMC), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Timur Ashirov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
| | - Ali Coskun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
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21
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Song KS, Talapaneni SN, Ashirov T, Coskun A. Molten Salt Templated Synthesis of Covalent Isocyanurate Frameworks with Tunable Morphology and High CO 2 Uptake Capacity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:26102-26108. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c06326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Seob Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
| | - Siddulu Naidu Talapaneni
- Australian Carbon Materials Centre (A-CMC), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Timur Ashirov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
| | - Ali Coskun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg 1700, Switzerland
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22
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Hašková A, Bashta B, Titlová Š, Brus J, Vagenknechtová A, Vyskočilová E, Sedláček J. Microporous Hyper-Cross-Linked Polymers with High and Tuneable Content of Pyridine Units: Synthesis and Application for Reversible Sorption of Water and Carbon Dioxide. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100209. [PMID: 34050705 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
New hyper-cross-linked porous organic polymers (POPs) with a high content of pyridine segments (7.86 mmol pyridine g-1 ), and a micro/mesoporous texture are reported. The networks are achieved by the chain-growth homopolymerization of 2,6- and 3,5-diethynylpyridines. The pyridine segments form links interconnecting the polyacetylene main chains in these networks. The content of pyridine segments in the networks can be tuned by copolymerizing diethynylpyridines with 1,3-diethynylbenzene. The pyridine rings in the networks serve as base and hydrophilic centers for the sorption of CO2 and water. The homopolymer pyridine networks are highly efficient in the low-pressure adsorption/desorption of CO2 . This sorption mode is promising for the postcombustion removal of CO2 from the fuel gas. The poly(3,5-diethynylpyridine) network exhibits high efficiency in capturing and releasing water vapor (determined capacity 376 mg g-1 at 298 K and relative humidity (RH) = 90% is one of the highest values reported for POPs) and is a promising material for the cyclic water harvesting from air. The reported networks are characterized by 13 C cross-polarization magic angle spinning NMR, thermogravimetric analysis, and N2 adsorption/desorption and their efficiency in CO2 and H2 O capturing is discussed in relation to the content and type of incorporated pyridine segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Hašková
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, Prague 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Bogdana Bashta
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, Prague 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpánka Titlová
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, Prague 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Brus
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovský Sq. 2, Prague 6, 162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Alice Vagenknechtová
- Department of Gaseous and Solid Fuels and Air Protection, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Vyskočilová
- Department of Organic Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6, 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Sedláček
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, Prague 2, 128 43, Czech Republic
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23
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Garai M, Mahato M, Hong Y, Rozyyev V, Jeong U, Ullah Z, Yavuz CT. Asynchronous Double Schiff Base Formation of Pyrazole Porous Polymers for Selective Pd Recovery. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2001676. [PMID: 33898165 PMCID: PMC8061357 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pyrazole-linked covalent organic polymer is synthesized using an asynchronous double Schiff base from readily available monomers. The one-pot reaction features no metals as a building block or reagent, hence facilitating the structural purity and industrial scalability of the design. Through a single-crystal study on a model compound, the double Schiff base formation is found to follow syn addition, a kinetically favored product, suggesting that reactivity of the amine and carbonyls dictate the order and geometry of the framework building. The highly porous pyrazole polymer COP-214 is chemically resistant in reactive conditions for over two weeks and thermally stable up to 425 °C in air. COP-214 shows well-pronounced gas capture and selectivities, and a high CO2/N2 selectivity of 102. The strongly coordinating pyrazole sites show rapid uptake and quantitative selectivity of Pd (II) over several coordinating metals (especially Pt (II)) at all pH points that are tested, a remarkably rare feature that is best explained by detailed analysis as the size-selective strong coordination of Pd onto pyrazoles. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show energetically favorable Pd binding between the metal and N-sites of COP-214. The polymer is reusable multiple times without loss of activity, providing great incentives for an industrial prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Garai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Korea
| | - Manmatha Mahato
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability (EEWS)KAISTDaejeon34141Korea
| | - Yeongran Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Korea
| | - Vepa Rozyyev
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability (EEWS)KAISTDaejeon34141Korea
| | - Uiseok Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Korea
| | - Zakir Ullah
- Department of ChemistryKAISTDaejeon34141Korea
| | - Cafer T. Yavuz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)291 Daehak‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34141Korea
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability (EEWS)KAISTDaejeon34141Korea
- Department of ChemistryKAISTDaejeon34141Korea
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPM), Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)Thuwal23955–6900Saudi Arabia
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24
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Perego J, Bracco S, Comotti A, Piga D, Bassanetti I, Sozzani P. Anionic Polymerization in Porous Organic Frameworks: A Strategy to Fabricate Anchored Polymers and Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:6117-6123. [PMID: 33289314 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An anionic mechanism is used to create polymers and copolymers as confined to, or anchored to, high-surface-area porous nanoparticles. Linear polymers with soft and glassy chains, such as polyisoprene and polymethylmethacrylate, were produced by confined anionic polymerization in 3D networks of porous aromatic frameworks. Alternatively, multiple anions were generated on the designed frameworks which bear removal protons at selected positions, and initiate chain propagation, resulting in chains covalently connected to the 3D network. Such growth can continue outside the pores to produce polymer-matrix nanoparticles coated with anchored chains. Sequential reactions were promoted by the living character of this anionic propagation, yielding nanoparticles that were covered by a second polymer anchored by anionic block copolymerization. The intimacy of the matrix and the grown-in polymers was demonstrated by magnetization transfer across the interfaces in 2D 1 H-13 C-HETCOR NMR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Perego
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, Italy
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Piga
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Bassanetti
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, Italy
| | - Piero Sozzani
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 55, Milan, Italy
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25
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Perego J, Bracco S, Comotti A, Piga D, Bassanetti I, Sozzani P. Anionic Polymerization in Porous Organic Frameworks: A Strategy to Fabricate Anchored Polymers and Copolymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Perego
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano—Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 Milan Italy
| | - Silvia Bracco
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano—Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 Milan Italy
| | - Angiolina Comotti
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano—Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 Milan Italy
| | - Daniele Piga
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano—Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 Milan Italy
| | - Irene Bassanetti
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano—Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 Milan Italy
| | - Piero Sozzani
- Department of Materials Science University of Milano—Bicocca Via R. Cozzi 55 Milan Italy
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26
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Dutta TK, Patra A. Post-synthetic Modification of Covalent Organic Frameworks through in situ Polymerization of Aniline for Enhanced Capacitive Energy Storage. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:158-164. [PMID: 33245204 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) having layered architecture with open nanochannels and high specific surface area are promising candidates for energy storage. However, the low electrical conductivity of two-dimensional COFs often limits their scope in energy storage applications. The conductivity of COFs can be enhanced through post-synthetic modification with conducting polymers. Herein, we developed polyaniline (PANI) modified triazine-based COFs via in situ polymerization of aniline within the porous frameworks. The composite materials showed high conductivity of 1.4-1.9×10-2 S cm-1 at room temperature with a 20-fold enhancement of the specific capacitance than the pristine frameworks. The fabricated supercapacitor exhibited a high energy density of 24.4 W h kg-1 and a power density of 200 W kg-1 at 0.5 A g-1 current density. Moreover, the device fabricated using the conducting polymer-triazine COF composite could light up a green light-emitting diode for 1 min after being charged for 10 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Kumar Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abhijit Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
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27
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Multifunctional Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) Based Hybrid Porous Materials for CO 2 Uptake and Iodine Adsorption. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13020221. [PMID: 33435232 PMCID: PMC7826546 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, two different types of hybrid porous organic polymers (POPs), polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane tetraphenylpyrazine (POSS-TPP) and tetraphenylethene (POSS-TPE), were successfully synthesized through the Friedel-Crafts polymerization of tetraphenylpyrazine (TPP) and tetraphenylethene (TPE), respectively, with octavinylsilsesquioxane (OVS) as node building blocks, in the presence of anhydrous FeCl3 as a catalyst and 1,2-dichloroethane at 60 °C. Based on N2 adsorption and thermogravimetric analyses, the resulting hybrid porous materials displayed high surface areas (270 m2/g for POSS-TPP and 741 m2/g for POSS-TPE) and outstanding thermal stabilities. Furthermore, as-prepared POSS-TPP exhibited a high carbon dioxide capacity (1.63 mmol/g at 298 K and 2.88 mmol/g at 273 K) with an excellent high adsorption capacity for iodine, reaching up to 363 mg/g, compared with the POSS-TPE (309 mg/g).
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28
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Zhang L, Fang WX, Wang C, Dong H, Ma SH, Luo YH. Porous frameworks for effective water adsorption: from 3D bulk to 2D nanosheets. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi01362e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The latest progress relating to the development of porous frameworks for water harvesting has been summarized, highlighting design strategies for next-generation sorbent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- PR. China
| | - Wen-Xia Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- PR. China
| | - Cong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- PR. China
| | - Hui Dong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- PR. China
| | - Shu-Hua Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- PR. China
| | - Yang-Hui Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing
- PR. China
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29
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Vanden Bussche F, Kaczmarek AM, Veerapandian SKP, Everaert J, Debruyne M, Abednatanzi S, Morent R, De Geyter N, Van Speybroeck V, Van Der Voort P, Stevens CV. N-Rich Porous Polymer with Isolated Tb 3+ -Ions Displays Unique Temperature Dependent Behavior through the Absence of Thermal Quenching. Chemistry 2020; 26:15596-15604. [PMID: 32519784 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The challenge of measuring fast moving or small scale samples is based on the absence of contact between sample and sensor. Grafting lanthanides onto hybrid materials arises as one of the most promising accurate techniques to obtain noninvasive thermometers. In this work, a novel bipyridine based porous organic polymer (bpyDAT POP) was investigated as temperature sensor after grafting with Eu(acac)3 and Tb(acac)3 complexes. The bpyDAT POP successfully showed temperature-dependent behavior in the 10-310 K range, proving the potential of amorphous, porous organic frameworks. We observed unique temperature dependent behavior. More intriguingly, instead of the standard observed change in emission as a result of a change in temperature for both Eu3+ and Tb3+ , the emission spectrum of Tb3+ remained constant. This work provides framework- and energy-based explanations for the observed phenomenon. The conjugation in the bpyDAT POP framework is interrupted, creating energetically isolated Tb3+ environments. Energy transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+ is therefore absent, nor energy back transfer from Tb3+ to bpyDAT POP ligand (i.e. no thermal quenching) is detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flore Vanden Bussche
- Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Campus Coupure, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Savita K P Veerapandian
- Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 (B4), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Everaert
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Campus Coupure, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten Debruyne
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Campus Coupure, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Rino Morent
- Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 (B4), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nathalie De Geyter
- Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 (B4), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Veronique Van Speybroeck
- Center for Molecular Modeling (CMM), Ghent University, Technologiepark 46, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | | | - Christian V Stevens
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Campus Coupure, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
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30
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Multifunctional Hypercrosslinked Porous Organic Polymers Based on Tetraphenylethene and Triphenylamine Derivatives for High-Performance Dye Adsorption and Supercapacitor. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12102426. [PMID: 33096648 PMCID: PMC7589367 DOI: 10.3390/polym12102426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We successfully prepared two different classes of hypercrosslinked porous organic polymers (HPPs)-the tetraphenylethene (TPE) and (4-(5,6-Diphenyl-1H-Benzimidazol-2-yl)-triphenylamine (DPT) HPPs-through the Friedel-Crafts polymerization of tetraphenylethene and 4-(5,6-diphenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-triphenylamine, respectively, with 1,4-bis(chloromethyl)benzene (Ph-2Cl) in the presence of anhydrous FeCl3 as a catalyst. Our porous materials exhibited high BET surface areas (up to 1000 m2 g-1) and good thermal stabilities. According to electrochemical and dyes adsorption applications, the as-prepared DPT-HPP exhibited a high specific capacitance of 110 F g-1 at a current density of 0.5 A g-1, with an excellent cycling stability of over 2000 times at 10 A g-1. In addition, DPT-HPP showed a high adsorption capacity up to 256.40 mg g-1 for the removal of RhB dye from water.
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31
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Ramezani MS, Ozdemir J, Khosropour AR, Beyzavi H. Sulfur-Decorated Hyper-Cross-Linked Coal Tar: A Microporous Organic Polymer for Efficient and Expeditious Mercury Removal. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:44117-44124. [PMID: 32930561 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hyper-cross-linked microporous organic polymers are a class of porous materials that have captured widespread attention owing to their high surface areas and wide range of monomeric sources. Balancing economy with performance is the initial hurdle when designing effective hyper-cross-linked microporous organic polymers. Herein, we demonstrated an inexpensive sulfurated solvent-knitted hyper-cross-linked microporous polymer scaffold, named sulfur-decorated hyper-cross-linked coal tar (CTHP-SES), utilizing coal tar as an aromatic monomer with numerous positions for potential chelation of toxic metals, particularly mercury, from water. The resulting material illustrated selective adsorption of mercury from both water (1037 mg g-1) and the gas phase (416 mg g-1) with rapid kinetics (183.67 mg min-1 g-1), good recyclability (4 runs), and excellent stability under both strong basic and acidic conditions. CTHP-SES was able to reduce the concentration of the Hg(II) solution from 1 mg L-1 to 32 μg L-1 after 10 min due in part to the promising distribution coefficient (Kd = 2.371 × 106 mL g-1). These results show that CTHP-SES offers a promising and practical platform to cope with a variety of environmental contaminations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sadegh Ramezani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - John Ozdemir
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Ahmad R Khosropour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Hudson Beyzavi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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32
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Hypercrosslinked porous organic polymers based on tetraphenylanthraquinone for CO2 uptake and high-performance supercapacitor. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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33
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Byun Y, Xie LS, Fritz P, Ashirov T, Dincă M, Coskun A. A Three‐Dimensional Porous Organic Semiconductor Based on Fully sp 2‐Hybridized Graphitic Polymer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 132:15278-15282. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1002/ange.202005069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
AbstractDimensionality plays an important role in the charge transport properties of organic semiconductors. Although three‐dimensional semiconductors, such as Si, are common in inorganic materials, imparting electrical conductivity to covalent three‐dimensional organic polymers is challenging. Now, the synthesis of a three‐dimensional π‐conjugated porous organic polymer (3D p‐POP) using catalyst‐free Diels–Alder cycloaddition polymerization followed by acid‐promoted aromatization is presented. With a surface area of 801 m2 g−1, full conjugation throughout the carbon backbone, and an electrical conductivity of 6(2)×10−4 S cm−1 upon treatment with I2 vapor, the 3D p‐POP is the first member of a new class of permanently porous 3D organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yearin Byun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Lilia S. Xie
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Patrick Fritz
- Department of Chemistry University of Fribourg Chemin de Musee 9 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Timur Ashirov
- Department of Chemistry University of Fribourg Chemin de Musee 9 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Mircea Dincă
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Ali Coskun
- Department of Chemistry University of Fribourg Chemin de Musee 9 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
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34
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Byun Y, Xie LS, Fritz P, Ashirov T, Dincă M, Coskun A. A Three-Dimensional Porous Organic Semiconductor Based on Fully sp 2 -Hybridized Graphitic Polymer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15166-15170. [PMID: 32400025 PMCID: PMC7540396 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dimensionality plays an important role in the charge transport properties of organic semiconductors. Although three-dimensional semiconductors, such as Si, are common in inorganic materials, imparting electrical conductivity to covalent three-dimensional organic polymers is challenging. Now, the synthesis of a three-dimensional π-conjugated porous organic polymer (3D p-POP) using catalyst-free Diels-Alder cycloaddition polymerization followed by acid-promoted aromatization is presented. With a surface area of 801 m2 g-1 , full conjugation throughout the carbon backbone, and an electrical conductivity of 6(2)×10-4 S cm-1 upon treatment with I2 vapor, the 3D p-POP is the first member of a new class of permanently porous 3D organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yearin Byun
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Lilia S. Xie
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AveCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Patrick Fritz
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of FribourgChemin de Musee 91700FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Timur Ashirov
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of FribourgChemin de Musee 91700FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Mircea Dincă
- Department of ChemistryMassachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AveCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Ali Coskun
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of FribourgChemin de Musee 91700FribourgSwitzerland
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Bashta B, Hašková A, Faukner T, Elsawy MA, Šorm D, Brus J, Sedláček J. Microporous hyper-cross-linked polyacetylene networks: Covalent structure and texture modification by reversible Schiff-base chemistry. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Byun Y, Xie LS, Fritz P, Ashirov T, Dincă M, Coskun A. A Three‐Dimensional Porous Organic Semiconductor Based on Fully sp
2
‐Hybridized Graphitic Polymer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yearin Byun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Lilia S. Xie
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Patrick Fritz
- Department of Chemistry University of Fribourg Chemin de Musee 9 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Timur Ashirov
- Department of Chemistry University of Fribourg Chemin de Musee 9 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Mircea Dincă
- Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Ali Coskun
- Department of Chemistry University of Fribourg Chemin de Musee 9 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
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Nguyen HL, Hanikel N, Lyle SJ, Zhu C, Proserpio DM, Yaghi OM. A Porous Covalent Organic Framework with Voided Square Grid Topology for Atmospheric Water Harvesting. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:2218-2221. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ha L. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Berkeley; Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute at UC Berkeley; Berkeley Global Science Institute; and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nikita Hanikel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Berkeley; Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute at UC Berkeley; Berkeley Global Science Institute; and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Steven J. Lyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Berkeley; Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute at UC Berkeley; Berkeley Global Science Institute; and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Davide M. Proserpio
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano 20133, Italy
- Samara Center for Theoretical Materials Science, Samara State Technical University, Samara 443100, Russia
| | - Omar M. Yaghi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California—Berkeley; Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute at UC Berkeley; Berkeley Global Science Institute; and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- UC Berkeley-KACST Joint Center of Excellence for Nanomaterials for Clean Energy Applications, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
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Zhang Y, Zhang K, Wu L, Liu K, Huang R, Long Z, Tong M, Chen G. Facile synthesis of crystalline viologen-based porous ionic polymers with hydrogen-bonded water for efficient catalytic CO2 fixation under ambient conditions. RSC Adv 2020; 10:3606-3614. [PMID: 35497739 PMCID: PMC9048747 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09088f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report a series of crystalline viologen-based porous ionic polymers (denoted VIP-X, X = Cl or Br), that have in situ formed dicationic viologens paired with halogen anions and intrinsic hydrogen-bonded water molecules, towards metal-free heterogeneous catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) under mild conditions. The targeted VIP-X materials were facilely constructed via the Menshutkin reaction of 4,4′-bipyridine with 4,4′-bis(bromomethyl)biphenyl (BCBMP) or 4,4′-bis(chloromethyl)biphenyl (BBMBP) monomers. Their crystalline and porous structures, morphological features and chemical structures and compositions were fully characterized by various advanced techniques. The optimal catalyst VIP-Br afforded a high yield of 99% in the synthesis of cyclic carbonate by CO2 cycloaddition with epichlorohydrin under atmospheric pressure (1 bar) and a low temperature (40 °C), while other various epoxides could be also converted into cyclic carbonates under mild conditions. Moreover, the catalyst VIP-Br could be separated easily and reused with good stability. The remarkable catalytic performance could be attributed to the synergistic effect of the enriched Br− anions and available hydrogen bond donors –OH groups coming from H-bonded water molecules. Viologen-based porous ionic polymers with halogen anions and hydrogen-bonded water were constructed for efficient catalytic CO2 fixation under mild conditions.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- China
| | - Ke Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- China
| | - Lei Wu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- China
| | - Ke Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- China
| | - Rui Huang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- China
| | - Zhouyang Long
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- China
| | - Minman Tong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- China
| | - Guojian Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials
- Jiangsu Normal University
- Xuzhou 221116
- China
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Maiti S, Mandal B, Sharma M, Mukherjee S, Das AK. A covalent organic polymer as an efficient chemosensor for highly selective H2S detection through proton conduction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:9348-9351. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02704a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An interdigitated electrode fabricated with a covalent organic polymer (COP) acts as an efficient H2S gas sensor at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Maiti
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Electronics (CAE)
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore 453552
- India
| | - Biswajit Mandal
- Hybrid Nanodevice Research Group (HNRG)
- Electrical Engineering and Centre for Advanced Electronics (CAE)
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- India
| | - Meenu Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Electronics (CAE)
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore 453552
- India
| | - Shaibal Mukherjee
- Hybrid Nanodevice Research Group (HNRG)
- Electrical Engineering and Centre for Advanced Electronics (CAE)
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- India
| | - Apurba K. Das
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Advanced Electronics (CAE)
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore 453552
- India
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Naga N, Fujioka S, Inose D, Ahmed K, Nageh H, Nakano T. Synthesis and properties of porous polymers synthesized by Michael addition reactions of multi-functional acrylate, diamine, and dithiol compounds. RSC Adv 2019; 10:60-69. [PMID: 35492514 PMCID: PMC9047082 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09684a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous polymers have been synthesized by Michael addition reactions of multi-functional acrylate and diamine or dithiol compounds. Aza-Michael addition reaction of multi-functional acrylate, trimethylolpropane propoxylate triacrylate (TPT) and hexamethylene diamine (HDA) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) successfully yielded the porous polymer. The porous structure was characterized by connected globules or co-continuous structure, and could be controlled by the reaction conditions. Mechanical properties of the porous polymers were investigated by compression test. The porous polymers with co-continuous structure showed higher Young's modulus than those with connected globules. The porous polymer absorbed some organic solvents, especially CHCl3. The porous polymer as prepared in DMSO state showed coloring induced by Christiansen filter effect depending on the reaction time and observation temperature. The thio-Michael addition reaction of TPT and 1,6-hexanedithiol (HDT) in DMSO using different base catalysts also yielded the porous polymer. The porous structure could be controlled by the catalysts amount when the reaction was initiated by a photo-base generator as the base catalyst. The present reaction systems make it possible to synthesize the porous polymers with simple process without phase separator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Naga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku Tokyo 135-8548 Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku Tokyo 135-8548 Japan
| | - Shun Fujioka
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku Tokyo 135-8548 Japan
| | - Daisuke Inose
- Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku Tokyo 135-8548 Japan
| | - Kumkum Ahmed
- SIT Research Laboratpries, Shibaura Institute of Technology 3-7-5 Toyosu, Koto-ku Tokyo 135-8548 Japan
| | - Hassan Nageh
- Institute for Catalysis and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University N 21, W 10, Kita-ku Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Tamaki Nakano
- Institute for Catalysis and Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University N 21, W 10, Kita-ku Sapporo 001-0021 Japan.,Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCA), Institute for Catalysis, Hokkaido University N 21, W 10, Kita-ku Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
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Lee WG, Yoon TU, Bae YS, Kim KS, Baek SB. Selective separation of Xe/Kr and adsorption of water in a microporous hydrogen-bonded organic framework. RSC Adv 2019; 9:36808-36814. [PMID: 35539057 PMCID: PMC9075172 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08184d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We have studied the adsorption properties of Xe and Kr in a highly microporous hydrogen-bonded organic framework based on 1,3,5-tris(4-carboxyphenyl)benzene, named HOF-BTB. HOF-BTB can reversibly adsorb both noble gases, and it shows a higher affinity for Xe than Kr. At 1 bar, the adsorption amounts of Xe were 3.37 mmol g−1 and 2.01 mmol g−1 at 273 K and 295 K, respectively. Ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) calculation predicts selective separation of Xe over Kr from an equimolar binary Xe/Kr mixture, and breakthrough experiments demonstrate the efficient separation of Xe from the Xe/Kr mixture under a dynamic flow condition. Consecutive breakthrough experiments with simple regeneration treatment at 298 K reveal that HOF-BTB would be an energy-saving adsorbent in an adsorptive separation process, which could be attributed to the relatively low isosteric heat (Qst) of adsorption of Xe. The activated HOF-BTB is very stable in both water and aqueous acidic solutions for more than one month, and it also shows a well-preserved crystallinity and porosity upon water/acid treatment. Besides, HOF-BTB adsorbs about 30.5 wt%, the highest value for HOF materials, of water vapor during the adsorption–desorption cycles, with a 19% decrease in adsorption amounts of water vapor after five cycles. A highly robust microporous hydrogen-bonded organic framework selectively separates Xe from Kr, as well as efficiently adsorbs water vapor.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Geun Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ung Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 03722
- Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Sang Bae
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 03722
- Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang S. Kim
- Department of Chemistry
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bin Baek
- Department of Chemistry
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
- Ulsan 44919
- Republic of Korea
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