1
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Leake Gebresilassie F, Ji Kim M, Castellanos D, Broderick CH, Ngo SM, Young VG, Cao DD. Bisphosphonium Benzene Diimides. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202402791. [PMID: 39078697 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202402791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
The incorporation of cationic groups onto electron-poor compounds is a viable strategy for achieving potent electron acceptors, as evidenced by reports of air-stable radical forms of large aromatic diimides such as naphthalene and perylene diimides. These ions have also been observed to exhibit anion-π interaction tendencies of interest in molecular recognition applications. The benefits of phosphonium incorporation, however, have not yet been extended to the smallest benzene diimides. Here, we report that dibrominated pyromellitic diimide and mellophanic diimide both readily undergo substitution reactions with phosphine sources to yield bisphosphonium compounds. In the single crystalline form, these dications display anion-π interactions and, in the case of mellophanic diimide, the stabilization of a bromide-water H-bonding ring pattern. The reaction of these dications with chemical reductants readily provides the singly and doubly reduced redox states, which were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy and found to exhibit intense absorptions extending into the near-IR region. Taken together, this work demonstrates that phosphonium incorporation onto congested aromatic diimide scaffolds is synthetically viable and produces unusual electron-poor compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Chemistry Department, Macalester College, 1600 Grand Avenue, Saint Paul, MN, 55105, USA
| | - Daniela Castellanos
- Chemistry Department, Macalester College, 1600 Grand Avenue, Saint Paul, MN, 55105, USA
| | - Conor H Broderick
- Chemistry Department, Macalester College, 1600 Grand Avenue, Saint Paul, MN, 55105, USA
| | - Steven M Ngo
- Chemistry Department, Macalester College, 1600 Grand Avenue, Saint Paul, MN, 55105, USA
| | - Victor G Young
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Dennis D Cao
- Chemistry Department, Macalester College, 1600 Grand Avenue, Saint Paul, MN, 55105, USA
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2
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Shang W, Meng W, Chen L, Shangguan Z, Huang Y, Zhang XS, Li C, Bai S, Zhang G, Zhang D. Novel Dissymmetric Formal Quinoidal Molecules End-Capped by Dicyanomethylene and Triphenylphosphonium. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202412704. [PMID: 39136173 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202412704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
A number of quinoidal molecules with symmetric end-capping groups, particularly dicyanomethylene units, have been synthesized for organic optoelectronic materials. In comparison, dissymmetric quinoidal molecules, characterized by end-capping with different groups, are less explored. In this paper, we present the unexpected formation of new formal quinoidal molecules, which are end-capped with both dicyanomethylene and triphenylphosphonium moieties. The structures of these dissymmetric quinoidal molecules were firmly verified by single crystal structural analyses. On the basis of the control experiments and DFT calculations, we proposed the reaction mechanism for the formation of these dissymmetric quinoidal molecules. The respective zwitterionic forms should make contributions to the ground state structures of these quinoidal molecules based on the analysis of their bond lengths and aromaticity and Mayer Bond Orbital (MBO) calculation. This agrees well with the fact that negative solvatochromism was observed for these quinoidal molecules. Although these new quinoidal molecules are non-emissive both in solutions and crystalline states, they become emissive with quantum yields up to 51.4 % after elevating the solvent viscosity or dispersing them in a PMMA matrix. Interestingly, their emissions can also be switched on upon binding with certain proteins, in particular with human serum albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wansong Shang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species and Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wei Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species and Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lingfang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species and Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhichun Shangguan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species and Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yanyan Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species and Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Sha Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species and Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species and Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shuming Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species and Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guanxin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species and Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Deqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratories of Organic Solids, Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species and Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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3
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Chorol S, Saini P, Mukhopadhyay S P. Synthesis and Properties of Electron-Deficient and Electron-Rich Redox-Active Ionic π-Systems. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200172. [PMID: 36069267 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest towards the design and synthesis of organic redox-active systems, which exist in ionic form. Multi- redox systems entail life-sustaining processes like photosynthesis and cellular respiration. The significant challenge for material scientists is to rationally design complex molecular materials that can store and transfer multiple electrons at low operational potentials and are stable under ambient conditions. Also, important are the designed ionic π-systems that combine efficient electron and ion transport. Here, we discuss the synthesis of ionic π-systems which exist in the closed-shell form. Firstly, different classes of ionic arylenediimides and viologens with different π-linkers are discussed from the synthetic, structural and redox perspective. These ionic π-systems are based on the electron deficient π-scaffolds, and are shown to accumulate upto six electrons. We then discuss electron-rich ionic arylenediimides which can exist in anionic form or zwitterionic form. The anionic electron donors have absorption extending to the near Infrared (NIR) region and can be stabilized in aqueous solution. We also discuss the effect of the electron accumulation on the aromaticity and non-aromaticity of the naphthalene and the imide rings of the naphthalenediimides. We finally discuss in brief, the applications related to the organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Chorol
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India, 110067
| | - Poonam Saini
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India, 110067
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4
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Kushwaha A, Sahoo MR, Ray M, Das D, Nayak S, Maity A, Sarkar K, Bhagat AN, Pal AR, Rout TK, Nayak SK. Functional Pyromellitic Diimide as a Corrosion Inhibitor for Galvanized Steel: An Atomic-Scale Engineering. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:27116-27125. [PMID: 35967049 PMCID: PMC9366774 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Corrosion of metal/steel is a major concern in terms of safety, durability, cost, and environment. We have studied a cost-effective, nontoxic, and environmentally friendly pyromellitic diimide (PMDI) compound as a corrosion inhibitor for galvanized steel through density functional theory. An atomic-scale engineering through the functionalization of PMDI is performed to showcase the enhancement in corrosion inhibition and strengthen the interaction between functionalized PMDI (F-PMDI) and zinc oxide (naturally existing on galvanized steel). PMDI is functionalized with methyl/diamine groups (inh1 (R = -CH3, R' = -CH3), inh2 (R = -CH3, R' = -CH2CH2NH2), and inh3 (R = -C6H3(NH2)2, R' = -CH2CH2NH2). The corrosion inhibition parameters (e.g., orbital energies, electronegativity, dipole moment, global hardness, and electron transfer) indicate the superior corrosion inhibition performance of inh3 (inh3 > inh2 > inh1). Inh3 (∼182.38 kJ/mol) strongly interacts with ZnO(101̅0) compared to inh2 (∼122.56 kJ/mol) and inh1 (∼119.66 kJ/mol). The superior performance of inh3 has been probed through charge density and density of states. Larger available states of N and H (of inh3) interact strongly with Zn and Osurf (of the surface), respectively, creating N-Zn and H-Osurf bonds. Interestingly, these bonds only appear in inh3. The charge accumulation on Osurf, and depletion on H(s), further strengthens the bonding between inh3 and ZnO(101̅0). The microscopic understanding obtained in this study will be useful to develop low-cost and efficient corrosion inhibitors for galvanized steel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop
Kumar Kushwaha
- School
of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology
Bhubaneswar, Khordha 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Mihir Ranjan Sahoo
- School
of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology
Bhubaneswar, Khordha 752050, Odisha, India
- Harish-Chandra
Research Institute, HBNI, Prayagraj 211019, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mausumi Ray
- Research
and Development, Tata Steel Limited, Jamshedpur 831007, India
| | - Debashish Das
- School
of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology
Bhubaneswar, Khordha 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Suryakanta Nayak
- Research
and Development, Tata Steel Limited, Jamshedpur 831007, India
| | - Apurba Maity
- Research
and Development, Tata Steel Limited, Jamshedpur 831007, India
| | - Kuntal Sarkar
- Research
and Development, Tata Steel Limited, Jamshedpur 831007, India
| | - Amar Nath Bhagat
- Research
and Development, Tata Steel Limited, Jamshedpur 831007, India
| | - Atanu Ranjan Pal
- Research
and Development, Tata Steel Limited, Jamshedpur 831007, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Rout
- Research
and Development, Tata Steel Limited, Jamshedpur 831007, India
| | - Saroj Kumar Nayak
- School
of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology
Bhubaneswar, Khordha 752050, Odisha, India
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Belyaev A, Chou P, Koshevoy IO. Cationic Organophosphorus Chromophores: A Diamond in the Rough among Ionic Dyes. Chemistry 2021; 27:537-552. [PMID: 32492231 PMCID: PMC7821147 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tunable electron-accepting properties of the cationic phosphorus center, its geometry and unique preparative chemistry that allows combining this unit with diversity of π-conjugated motifs, define the appealing photophysical and electrochemical characteristics of organophosphorus ionic chromophores. This Minireview summarizes the achievements in the synthesis of the π-extended molecules functionalized with P-cationic fragments, modulation of their properties by means of structural modification, and emphasizes the important effect of cation-anion interactions, which can drastically change physical behavior of these two-component systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Belyaev
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Eastern FinlandYliopistokatu 780101JoensuuFinland
| | - Pi‐Tai Chou
- Department of ChemistryNational (Taiwan) UniversityTaipei106Taiwan
| | - Igor O. Koshevoy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Eastern FinlandYliopistokatu 780101JoensuuFinland
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Shukla J, Kumar S, Rustam, Mukhopadhyay P. Synthesis of Stable, High-SOMO Zwitterionic Radicals: Enabling Intermolecular Electron Transfer between Naphthalenediimides. Org Lett 2020; 22:6229-6233. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Shukla
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sharvan Kumar
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Rustam
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Pritam Mukhopadhyay
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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