1
|
Escolano M, Gaviña D, Alzuet-Piña G, Díaz-Oltra S, Sánchez-Roselló M, Pozo CD. Recent Strategies in the Nucleophilic Dearomatization of Pyridines, Quinolines, and Isoquinolines. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1122-1246. [PMID: 38166390 PMCID: PMC10902862 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Dearomatization reactions have become fundamental chemical transformations in organic synthesis since they allow for the generation of three-dimensional complexity from two-dimensional precursors, bridging arene feedstocks with alicyclic structures. When those processes are applied to pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines, partially or fully saturated nitrogen heterocycles are formed, which are among the most significant structural components of pharmaceuticals and natural products. The inherent challenge of those transformations lies in the low reactivity of heteroaromatic substrates, which makes the dearomatization process thermodynamically unfavorable. Usually, connecting the dearomatization event to the irreversible formation of a strong C-C, C-H, or C-heteroatom bond compensates the energy required to disrupt the aromaticity. This aromaticity breakup normally results in a 1,2- or 1,4-functionalization of the heterocycle. Moreover, the combination of these dearomatization processes with subsequent transformations in tandem or stepwise protocols allows for multiple heterocycle functionalizations, giving access to complex molecular skeletons. The aim of this review, which covers the period from 2016 to 2022, is to update the state of the art of nucleophilic dearomatizations of pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines, showing the extraordinary ability of the dearomative methodology in organic synthesis and indicating their limitations and future trends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Escolano
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Gaviña
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Alzuet-Piña
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Díaz-Oltra
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Sánchez-Roselló
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Del Pozo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Inunnguaq Jessen N, Izzo JA, Modlinski MS, Bertuzzi G, Anker Jørgensen K. On the Number of π-Electrons Involved in Stepwise Cycloaddition Reactions. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202303299. [PMID: 37851861 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The development of higher-order cycloadditions has mainly been restricted by the requisite usage of highly conjugated and reactive π-systems. Recent years have witnessed organocatalysis as a potent mediator for several of the challenges associated herein, rendering higher-order cycloadditions a legitimate option for achieving the selective construction of specific molecular scaffolds. These developments reinvigorate the efforts to try to understand the underlying principles for cycloadditions involving a higher number of π-electrons than the "classical" cycloadditions; how do we properly address the impact which the addition of further π-electrons have on the reactivity of a system? Herein, computational investigations of two model higher-order cycloaddition systems have been performed to try to provide insights on changes in energetic barriers induced by the presence of benzofusions in a position which is unobstructive to the reactivity. With experimental substantiation as support, these studies might open up for a discussion on whether the π-electrons of benzofused systems simply act as spectator electrons, or play a tangible role on the observed reactivity to an extent where a distinct nomenclature is meritable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph A Izzo
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marek S Modlinski
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Giulio Bertuzzi
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Karl Anker Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang L, Wang Y, Liu X, Tian SK. Convenient synthesis of thiolated 2,7-disubstituted tropones via double C-N bond cleavage of tropinone derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:9321-9325. [PMID: 37982281 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01835k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
A range of 2,4-dialkylidenetropinone-derived quaternary ammonium salts smoothly reacted with thiols in the presence of tributylamine, delivering structurally diverse thiolated 2,7-disubstituted tropones in moderate to excellent yields with high site selectivity. The reaction employs readily available feedstocks and reagents, is free of transition metals, tolerates various functional groups, and can be easily scaled up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| | - Shi-Kai Tian
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Y, Wu QQ, Tian SK. Access to 2-Alkyltropones via Organic Base-Catalyzed Tandem Deamination and Aldol Condensation of Tropinone-Derived Quaternary Ammonium Salts. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16456-16466. [PMID: 37949637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The tropone skeleton exists in a number of natural products and bioactive substances, and currently, the applications of substituted tropones are significantly limited by their preparative methods. Herein, we report a very convenient method to access 2-alkyltropones via organic base-catalyzed tandem reaction of tropinone-derived quaternary ammonium salts. Tropinone methiodide reacted with a wide variety of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes in the presence of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane to afford structurally diverse 2-alkyltropones in moderate to excellent yields with extremely high site selectivity. The reaction employs readily available feedstocks and reagents, is free of transition metals and compatible with water and air, tolerates a variety of functional groups, and can be easily scaled up. Moreover, the products are amenable to various synthetic transformations. Preliminary mechanistic studies revealed that the reaction proceeded via tandem deamination, aldol condensation, and isomerization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Qian-Qian Wu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| | - Shi-Kai Tian
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kaasik M, Chen PP, Ričko S, Jørgensen KA, Houk KN. Asymmetric [4 + 2], [6 + 2], and [6 + 4] Cycloadditions of Isomeric Formyl Cycloheptatrienes Catalyzed by a Chiral Diamine Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:23874-23890. [PMID: 37862136 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Novel asymmetric aminocatalytic cycloadditions are described between formyl cycloheptatrienes and 6,6-dimethylfulvene that lead to [4 + 2], [6 + 2], and [4 + 6] cycloadducts. The unprecedented reaction course is dependent on the position of the formyl functionality in the cycloheptatriene core, and each formyl cycloheptatriene isomer displays a distinct reactivity pattern. The formyl cycloheptatriene isomers are activated by a chiral primary diamine catalyst, and the activation mode is dependent on the position of the formyl functionality relative to the cycloheptatriene core. The [4 + 2] and [6 + 2] cycloadducts are formed via rare iminocatalytic inverse electron-demand cycloadditions, while the [4 + 6] cycloadduct is formed by a normal electron-demand cycloaddition. The reactivity displayed by the different formyl cycloheptatrienes was investigated by DFT calculations. These computational studies account for the different reaction paths for the three isomeric formyl cycloheptatrienes. The aminocatalytic [4 + 2], [6 + 2], and [4 + 6] cycloadditions proceed by stepwise processes, and the interplay between conjugation, substrate distortion, and dispersive interactions between the fulvene and aminocatalyst mainly defines the outcome of each cycloaddition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikk Kaasik
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-80000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Pan-Pan Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Sebastijan Ričko
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-80000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sakata K, Suzuki S, Sugimoto T, Yoshikawa T. Quantum Chemical Study of the Cycloaddition Reaction of Tropone with 1,1-Diethoxyethene Catalyzed by B(C 6F 5) 3 or BPh 3. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:30410-30420. [PMID: 37636958 PMCID: PMC10448487 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Cycloaddition reaction of tropone with 1,1-diethoxyethene catalyzed by Lewis acid (LA), B(C6F5)3 or BPh3, was examined by using ωB97X-D-level density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In the absence of LA, the reaction proceeds in a stepwise fashion to form two chemical bonds, first between the C2 atom in tropone and the C2 atom in ethene and then between the C5 atom in the former and the C1 atom in the latter. When B(C6F5)3 is attached to the O atom in tropone, the C5 atom in tropone is attacked preferentially by the C1 atom in ethene in the second stage. The attack of the O atom in tropone is shown to be less likely; thus, the [4 + 2] addition is favored in the B(C6F5)3-catalyzed reaction. In contrast, the attack of the O atom in the BPh3-attached tropone to the C1 atom in ethene is preferred over the attack of the C5 atom, indicating that the [8 + 2] cycloaddition instead of the [4 + 2] cycloaddition proceeds in the BPh3-catalyzed reaction. Whether the C1 atom in ethene is attacked by C5 or by O in the second bond formation step is shown in this study to be governed mainly by the nucleophilicity of σ-lone pair electrons of the carbonyl O atom of tropone in the presence of LA. These results are consistent with the experiments reported by Li and Yamamoto.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Sakata
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Toho University, Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Sarina Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Toho University, Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Sugimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Toho University, Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshikawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Toho University, Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tiekink EH, Vermeeren P, Hamlin TA. Not antiaromaticity gain, but increased asynchronicity enhances the Diels-Alder reactivity of tropone. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3703-3706. [PMID: 36880301 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc00512g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Tropone is an unreactive diene in normal electron demand Diels-Alder reactions, but it can be activated via carbonyl umpolung by using hydrazone ion analogs. Recently, the higher reactivity of hydrazone ion analogs was ascribed to a raised HOMO energy induced by antiaromaticity (L. J. Karas, A. T. Campbell, I. V. Alabugin and J. I. Wu, Org. Lett., 2020, 22, 7083). We show that this is incorrect, and that the activation barrier is lowered by increased asynchronicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eveline H Tiekink
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecfular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
| | - Pascal Vermeeren
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecfular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
| | - Trevor A Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute of Molecfular and Life Sciences (AIMMS), Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bitsch RS, Jessen NI, Jørgensen KA. Higher-Order Cycloaddition Reactions for the Construction of Polycyclic Aromatic and Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202204008. [PMID: 36592117 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202204008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cycloadditions are an important class of reactions in materials science for the construction of polycyclic aromatic and polycyclic heteroaromatic compounds. Recently, cycloadditions have been expanded beyond the "classical" group of cycloadditions involving six π-electrons, and it is now possible to control cycloadditions for an extended number of π-electrons by applying organocatalysis. This novel field of cycloadditions-termed higher-order cycloadditions-allows new synthetic methodologies to construct polycyclic carbo- and heteroaromatic compounds in two or three dimensions. This concept presents higher-order cycloadditions as a method for accessing two- and three-dimensional azulenes and cyclazines, as well as three dimensional indenes, as polycyclic aromatic and polycyclic heteroaromatic compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- René S Bitsch
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Corti V, Barløse CL, Østergaard NL, Kristensen A, Jessen NI, Jørgensen KA. Organocatalytic Enantioselective Thermal [4 + 4] Cycloadditions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1448-1459. [PMID: 36603159 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chiral eight-membered carbocycles are important motifs in organic chemistry, natural product chemistry, chemical biology, and medicinal chemistry. The lack of synthetic methods toward their construction is a challenge preventing their rational design and stereoselective synthesis. The catalytic enantioselective [4 + 4] cycloaddition is one of the most straightforward and atom-economical methods to obtain chiral cyclooctadiene derivatives. We report the first organocatalytic asymmetric [4 + 4] cycloaddition of 9H-fluorene-1-carbaldehydes with electron-deficient dienes affording cyclooctadiene derivatives in good yields and with excellent control of peri-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivities. The reaction concept is based on the aminocatalytic formation of a polarized butadiene component incorporated into a cyclic extended π-system, with restricted conformational freedom, allowing for a stereocontrolled [4 + 4] cycloaddition. FMO analysis unveiled that the HOMO and LUMO of the two reacting partners resemble those of butadiene. The methodology allows for the construction of cyclooctadiene derivatives decorated with various functionalities. The cyclooctadienes were synthetically elaborated, allowing for structural diversity demonstrating their synthetic utility for the formation of, for example, chiral cyclobutene- or cyclooctane scaffolds. DFT computational studies shed light on the reaction mechanism identifying the preference for an initial but reversible [4 + 2] cycloaddition delivering an off-cycle catalyst resting state, from which catalyst elimination is not possible. The off-cycle catalyst-bound intermediate undergoes a retro-[4 + 2] cycloaddition, followed by a [4 + 4] cycloaddition generating a cycloadduct from which catalyst elimination is possible. The reaction pathway accounts for the observed peri-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity of the organocatalytic [4 + 4] cycloaddition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Corti
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
| | | | | | - Anne Kristensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C DK-8000, Denmark
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xie L, Hu L, Wu P, Zhao Y, Li G, Cui J, Gao Z, Wu L, Nie S. [8 + 3]‐cycloaddition reactions of heptafulvenes or azaheptafulvenes with a‐halohydroxamates. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xie
- Liaocheng University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences No. 1 Hunan Road, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, China 252000 Liao cheng CHINA
| | - Lina Hu
- Liao Cheng University: Liaocheng University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences No. 1 Hunan Road, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, China 25200 Liao Cheng CHINA
| | - Ping Wu
- Liaocheng University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences No. 1 Hunan Road, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, China 25200 Liao Cheng CHINA
| | - Yunxu Zhao
- Liaocheng University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences No. 1 Hunan Road, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, China 25200 Liao Cheng CHINA
| | - Guiling Li
- Liaocheng University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences No. 1 Hunan Road, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, China 25200 Liao Cheng CHINA
| | - Jichun Cui
- Liaocheng University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering No. 1 Hunan Road, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, China 25200 Liao Cheng CHINA
| | - Zhenzhen Gao
- Liaocheng University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences No. 1 Hunan Road, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, China 25200 Liao Cheng CHINA
| | - Ligang Wu
- Liaocheng University College of Chemistry and Chemical engineering No. 1, Hunan Road 252000 Liaocheng CHINA
| | - Shaozhen Nie
- Liaocheng University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences No. 1 Hunan Road, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, China 25200 Liao Cheng CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Peňaška T, Modrocká V, Stankovianska K, Mečiarová M, Rakovský E, Šebesta R. Organocatalytic Diastereodivergent Enantioselective Formal oxa-Diels-Alder Reaction of Unsaturated Ketones with Enoates Under Liquid-Assisted Grinding Conditions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200028. [PMID: 35146952 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chiral heterocycles occur in many compounds of interest, but their efficient synthesis is challenging. This study concerns the enantioselective and diastereoselective synthesis of densely substituted chiral pyran derivatives. Diastereodivergence of the oxa-Diels-Alder reaction is achieved by using either a bifunctional amino-thiourea or a monofunctional quinine organocatalyst under ball-milling conditions. Liquid-assisted grinding proves a highly efficient means of affording pyrans in high yield, with high enantiomeric purities and short reaction times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Peňaška
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Viktória Modrocká
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Klára Stankovianska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mária Mečiarová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Erik Rakovský
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radovan Šebesta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Romaniszyn M, Sieroń L, Albrecht Ł. 5-Substituted-furan-2(3 H)-ones in [8 + 2]-Cycloaddition with 8,8-Dicyanoheptafulvene. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5296-5302. [PMID: 35349288 PMCID: PMC9016758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
This study demonstrates
the use of organocatalytic Brønsted
base activation of 5-substituted-furan-2(3H)-ones
to generate 2π-components for the diastereoselective [8 + 2]-cycloaddition
involving 8,8-dicyanoheptafulvene as an 8π-component. The use
of dienolates in a higher-order cycloaddition reaction leads to the
formation of biologically relevant polycyclic products bearing a γ-butyrolactone
structural motif, thus broadening the synthetic potential of Brønsted
base activated higher-order cycloadditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Romaniszyn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Lesław Sieroń
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Łukasz Albrecht
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Przydacz A, Topolska A, Skrzyńska A, Frankowski S, Albrecht Ł. Aminocatalytic Alkylation of Indene‐2‐Carbaldehydes via Pentaenamine Activation. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
14
|
Zhao JQ, Zhou S, Qian HL, Wang ZH, Zhang YP, You Y, Yuan WC. Higher-order [10 + 2] cycloaddition of 2-alkylidene-1-indanones enables the dearomatization of 3-nitroindoles: access to polycyclic cyclopenta[ b]indoline derivatives. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00289b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The higher-order [10 + 2] cycloaddition of 3-nitroindoles and 2-alkylidene-1-indanones enables the dearomatization of 3-nitroindoles and affords a range of structurally diverse cyclopenta[b]indolines with excellent results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qiang Zhao
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Shun Zhou
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hui-Ling Qian
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Zhen-Hua Wang
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhang
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Yong You
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Wei-Cheng Yuan
- Innovation Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Belen’kii LI, Gazieva GA, Evdokimenkova YB, Soboleva NO. The literature of heterocyclic chemistry, Part XX, 2020. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
|
16
|
Li A, Gao Y, Lu JB, Chen ZC, Du W, Chen YC. Asymmetric higher-order [10+n] cycloadditions of palladium-containing 10π-cycloaddends. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9265-9270. [PMID: 36092999 PMCID: PMC9384823 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc02985e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We uncovered an asymmetric higher-order [10 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between diverse activated alkenes and a new type of π-allylpalladium complex-containing dipole-type 10π-cycloaddend, which was generated in situ from 2-methylene-1-indanols via a dehydrative insertion and deprotonation strategy under double activation of Pd(0) and phosphoric acid. A similar strategy was applied to an asymmetric higher-order [10 + 8] cycloaddition reaction or [10 + 4] cycloaddition reaction by using a heptafulvene derivative or a cyclic enone, respectively, as the acceptor. A variety of polycyclic frameworks imbedding an indene core were generally furnished in moderate to excellent yields with high levels of enantioselectivity by employing a newly designed chiral phosphoramidite ligand. A type of π-allylpalladium complex-containing 10π-cycloaddend generated from 2-methylene-1-indanols under double activation of Pd(0) and phosphoric acid undergoes asymmetric higher-order [10 + 2] cycloadditions with diverse activated alkenes.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ao Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China +86 28 85502609
| | - Yang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China +86 28 85502609
| | - Jian-Bin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China +86 28 85502609
| | - Zhi-Chao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China +86 28 85502609
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China +86 28 85502609
| | - Ying-Chun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China +86 28 85502609
- College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University Shapingba, Chongqing 400038 China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhao J, Zheng X, Gao Y, Mao J, Wu S, Yang W, Luo X, Deng W. Organocatalytic Enantioselective [8+4] Cycloadditions of Isobenzofulvenes for the Construction of Bicyclo[4.2.1]nonanes. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and School of Pharmacy East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xing Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and School of Pharmacy East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yan‐Shan Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and School of Pharmacy East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jia Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and School of Pharmacy East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Shu‐Xiao Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and School of Pharmacy East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Wu‐Lin Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and School of Pharmacy East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xiaoyan Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and School of Pharmacy East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Wei‐Ping Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and School of Pharmacy East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jessen NI, Bura M, Bertuzzi G, Jørgensen KA. Aminocatalytic [8+2] Cycloaddition Reactions toward Chiral Cyclazines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18527-18531. [PMID: 34101936 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and exceptionally stereoselective synthesis of chiral cycl[3.2.2]azines has been realized by means of the rational design and utilization of novel (E)-3-benzylidene-3H-pyrrolizines in iminium-ion-catalyzed [8+2] cycloaddition reactions. The presented protocol allows for the incorporation of diverse enals, including cinnamaldehydes, enolizable aldehydes, and substrates of extended conjugation. The obtained products contain both an electron-rich alkenyl pyrrole moiety and an electron-deficient carbaldehyde substituent, and both moieties can undergo selective transformations with retention of the stereochemical information established in the [8+2] cycloaddition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maksimilian Bura
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Giulio Bertuzzi
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Karl Anker Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jessen NI, Bura M, Bertuzzi G, Jørgensen KA. Aminocatalytic [8+2] Cycloaddition Reactions toward Chiral Cyclazines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maksimilian Bura
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Giulio Bertuzzi
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Karl Anker Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry Aarhus University Langelandsgade 140 8000 Aarhus C Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Feliciano A, Vázquez JL, Benítez-Puebla LJ, Velazco-Cabral I, Cruz Cruz D, Delgado F, Vázquez MA. Fischer Carbene Complexes: A Glance at Two Decades of Research on Higher-Order Cycloaddition Reactions. Chemistry 2021; 27:8233-8251. [PMID: 33871119 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The structure of Fischer carbene complexes (FCCs) is electron deficient. If bearing an α,β-unsaturated system, it can generate a wide variety of compounds by undergoing many different transformations, including higher-order cycloadditions. The latter are described as pericyclic reactions in which more than six electrons participate. These reactions have been employed in various areas of organic synthesis, resulting in highly selective compounds with a broad range of scaffolds. The first studies on higher-order cycloadditions involving FCCs frequently yielded competing byproducts. Many groups have attempted to increase selectivity by exploring distinct reaction conditions, reagents and co-catalysts (e. g., metal-mediated cycloadditions). The present review is the first to focus exclusively on using higher-order cycloadditions involving FCCs to synthesize carbocycles and heterocycles. Based on two decades of reports, an analysis is made of the main aspects of the mechanisms proposed for higher-order cycloadditions and the structural diversity obtained by the substituent effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Feliciano
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto, Mexico
| | - Juan L Vázquez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto, Mexico
| | - Luis J Benítez-Puebla
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto, Mexico
| | - Iván Velazco-Cabral
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto, Mexico
| | - David Cruz Cruz
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto, Mexico
| | - Francisco Delgado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, 11340, Cd. de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Miguel A Vázquez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, 36050, Guanajuato, Gto, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Suárez-Rodríguez T, Suárez-Sobrino ÁL, Ballesteros A. Gold(I)-Catalyzed [8+2]-Cycloaddition of 8-Aryl-8-azaheptafulvenes with Allenamides and Ynamides: Regioselective Synthesis of Dihydrocycloheptapyrrole Derivatives. Chemistry 2021; 27:7154-7159. [PMID: 33567146 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gold(I)-catalyzed higher-order [8+2] cycloadditions of 8-aryl-8-azaheptafulvenes 1 with allenamides 2 and ynamides 3 were studied. 1,8-Dihydrocycloheptapyrroles 4 were achieved by a regioselective [8+2] cycloaddition of azaheptafulvenes 1 and allenamides 2 in the presence of (2,4-ditBuC6 H3 O)3 PAuNTf2 as catalyst. Besides, ynamides 3 and 8-aryl-8-azaheptafulvenes 1, undergo a regioselective [8+2] cycloaddition, to give 2-amido-1,4-dihydrocycloheptapyrroles 7 in the presence of JohnPhosAuNTf2 as catalyst. Both reactions take place with good yields and with a variety of substituents. A plausible mechanism hypothesis suggests a nucleophilic attack of the 8-azaheptafulvene to the gold activated electron rich allene or alkyne moieties of the allenamide and ynamide, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Suárez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ángel L Suárez-Sobrino
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alfredo Ballesteros
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto de Química Organometálica "Enrique Moles", Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ge Z, Fan Y, Deng W, Zheng C, Li T, Yue J. Cephalodiones A–D: Compound Characterization and Semisynthesis by [6+6] Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202015332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan‐Peng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zuchongzhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yao‐Yue Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zuchongzhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Wen‐De Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health Macau University of Science and Technology Avenida Wai Long Taipa, Macau 999078 China
| | - Cheng‐Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zuchongzhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health Macau University of Science and Technology Avenida Wai Long Taipa, Macau 999078 China
| | - Jian‐Min Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences 555 Zuchongzhi Road Shanghai 201203 China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Przydacz A, Bojanowski J, Albrecht A, Albrecht Ł. Hydroxyl-group-activated azomethine ylides in organocatalytic H-bond-assisted 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions and beyond. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3075-3086. [PMID: 33885562 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02380a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition constitutes a powerful means for the synthesis of five-membered heterocycles. Recently, the potential of this field of chemistry has been expanded by the employment of organocatalytic activation strategies. One group of substrates, namely imines derived from salicylaldehydes, is particularly useful. Additional activation via intramolecular H-bonding interactions offered by the presence of an ortho-hydroxyl phenolic group in their structure results in increased reactivity of these reactants. Furthermore, it can be utilized in subsequent reactions creating chemical and stereochemical diversity. This minireview provides a summary of the recent progress in this field of organocatalysis and indicates other important applications of hydroxyl-group-activated azomethine ylides in asymmetric organocatalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artur Przydacz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ge ZP, Fan YY, Deng WD, Zheng CY, Li T, Yue JM. Cephalodiones A-D: Compound Characterization and Semisynthesis by [6+6] Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9374-9378. [PMID: 33527661 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202015332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cephalodiones A-D (1-4), the first example of C19 -norditerpenoid dimers, were isolated and fully characterized from a Cephalotaxus plant. These new skeletal natural products shared a unique tricyclo[6.4.1.12,7 ]tetradeca-3,5,9,11-tetraene-13,14-dione core that was capped in both ends with rigid multicyclic ring systems either C2 -symmetrically or asymmetrically. Compounds 1-4 were proposed to be biosynthetically produced by the [6+6]-cycloaddition of two identical C19 -norditerpenoid troponoids, which was validated by the semisyntheses of dimers 2-4. Moreover, some compounds showed significant inhibition on Th17 cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Peng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yao-Yue Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wen-De Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Cheng-Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Jian-Min Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cui Q, Chen Y, Herndon JW, Yu ZX. Density Functional Theory Study of Mechanisms of [8 + 2] Cycloadditions of Dienylfurans/Dienylisobenzofurans with DMAD. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1419-1429. [PMID: 33399448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms of [8 + 2] cycloaddition reactions between dienylfurans/dienylisobenzofurans and the activated alkyne, DMAD (dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate), have been investigated by DFT calculations. The former [8 + 2] reaction is stepwise, starting from attack of the diene substituent on furan, not the furyl moiety in dienylfurans, to DMAD to give a diradical intermediate, which then undergoes ring closure to form the second bond between DMAD and the furan moiety, generating the final [8 + 2] cycloadducts. In contrast, the latter [8 + 2] reaction starts from [4 + 2] cycloaddition of the diene in the furan ring of dienylisobenzofurans toward DMAD, followed by the rate-determining stepwise [1,5]-vinyl shift, forming the [8 + 2] products. The different mechanisms of [8 + 2] reactions are attributed to the facts that for dienylfurans, the reactive diene part is the diene substituent on furan, but in the case of dienylisobenzofurans, it is the diene in the furan ring (its reaction with DMAD to generate an aromatic benzene ring is the driving force for this regiochemistry). Consequently, the [8 + 2] reactions begin with the reaction of the most reactive part of tetraene (either the diene substituent on furan for dienylfurans or the diene in the furan ring for dienylisobenzofurans) with DMAD. FMO analysis and kinetic study have been carried out to gain more information of the reaction mechanisms. Two [8 + 2] reactions of dienylisobenzofurans with different substituents toward DMAD have also been further analyzed by DFT calculations in this paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - James W Herndon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, MSC 3C, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bertuzzi G, McLeod D, Mohr LM, Jørgensen KA. Organocatalytic Enantioselective 1,3-Dipolar [6+4] Cycloadditions of Tropone. Chemistry 2020; 26:15491-15496. [PMID: 32677710 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A highly stereoselective 1,3-dipolar [6+4] cycloaddition towards bridged azabicyclo[4.3.1]decane scaffolds has been developed, reacting aldehydes, 2-aminomalonates and tropone under mild conditions in the presence of a chiral phosphoric acid catalyst. The scope is demonstrated for a series of aldehydes and 2-aminomalonates, and the reaction proceeds in high yields, >95:5 d.r. and up to 99 % ee. A series of transformations, as well as a mechanistic proposal, are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Bertuzzi
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - David McLeod
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lisa-Marie Mohr
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Karl Anker Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Skrzyńska A, Frankowski S, Albrecht Ł. Cyclic 1‐Azadienes in the Organocatalytic Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Aza‐Diels‐Alder Cycloadditions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skrzyńska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Lodz University of Technology Żeromskiego 116 90-924 Łódź Poland
| | - Sebastian Frankowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Lodz University of Technology Żeromskiego 116 90-924 Łódź Poland
| | - Łukasz Albrecht
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry Lodz University of Technology Żeromskiego 116 90-924 Łódź Poland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Manzano R, Romaniega A, Prieto L, Díaz E, Reyes E, Uria U, Carrillo L, Vicario JL. γ-Substituted Allenic Amides in the Phosphine-Catalyzed Enantioselective Higher Order Cycloaddition with Azaheptafulvenes. Org Lett 2020; 22:4721-4725. [PMID: 32464065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Racemic γ-substituted allenes undergo enantioselective higher order [8 + 2]-cycloaddition with azaheptafulvenes using a chiral amino acid derived amidophosphine as catalyst, providing the corresponding azaazulenoid cycloadducts with excellent levels of regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivities. In this reaction, the activated allylic phosphonium ylide intermediate participates as the C2-component of the reaction, in contrast to the conventional reactivity of this type of zwitterionic intermediates as C3-components in cycloaddition reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Manzano
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Aketza Romaniega
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Liher Prieto
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Estíbaliz Díaz
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Efraim Reyes
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Uxue Uria
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Luisa Carrillo
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jose L Vicario
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| |
Collapse
|