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Díaz-Salazar H, Osorio-Ocampo G, Porcel S. Straightforward Access to Isoindoles and 1,2-Dihydrophthalazines Enabled by a Gold-Catalyzed Three-Component Reaction. J Org Chem 2024; 89:10163-10174. [PMID: 38989839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
We describe herein a gold-catalyzed three-component reaction of o-alkynylbenzaldehydes, aryldiazonium salts, and trimethoxybenzene. This process enables the one-pot formation of valuable isoindoles and 1,2-dihydrophathalazines. The regioselectivity of the reaction is dictated by the nature of the aryldiazonium salt. Noticeably, the reaction is performed at room temperature under mild conditions and tolerates a variety of functional groups on both the o-alkynylbenzaldehyde and the aryldiazonium salt. Experimental mechanistic studies suggest that it is catalyzed by arylAu(III) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard Díaz-Salazar
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Gabriel Osorio-Ocampo
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Susana Porcel
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
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2
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Rogowska A, Szultka-Młyńska M, Kanawati B, Pomastowski P, Arendowski A, Gołębiowski A, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Fordymacka M, Sukiennik J, Krzywik J, Buszewski B. Advanced Mass Spectrometric Techniques for the Comprehensive Study of Synthesized Silicon-Based Silyl Organic Compounds: Identifying Fragmentation Pathways and Characterization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093563. [PMID: 37176445 PMCID: PMC10179955 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize novel silicon-based silyl organic compounds in order to gain a deeper understanding of their potential applications and interactions with other compounds. Four new artificial silyl organic compounds were successfully synthesized: 1-O-(Trimethylsilyl)-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranose (compound 1), 1-[(1,1-dimethylehtyl)diphenylsilyl]-1H-indole (compound 2), O-tert-butyldiphenylsilyl-(3-hydroxypropyl)oleate (compound 3), and 1-O-tert-Butyldiphenylsilyl-myo-inositol (compound 4). To thoroughly characterize these synthesized compounds, a combination of advanced mass spectrometric techniques was employed, including nanoparticle-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (NALDI-MS), Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS), and triple quadrupole electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (QqQ ESI-MS/MS). These analytical methods enabled the accurate identification and characterization of the synthesized silyl organic compounds, providing valuable insights into their properties and potential applications. Furthermore, the electrospray ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR-MS/MS) technique facilitated the proposal of fragmentation pathways for the ionized silyl organic compounds, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of their behavior during mass spectrometric analysis. These findings suggest that mass spectrometric techniques offer a highly effective means of investigating and characterizing naturally occurring silicon-based silyl organic compounds, with potential implications for advancing research in various fields and applications in different industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Rogowska
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szultka-Młyńska
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Basem Kanawati
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Paweł Pomastowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Adrian Arendowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Adrian Gołębiowski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Phillipe Schmitt-Kopplin
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marta Fordymacka
- TriMen Chemicals Sp. z o.o., Al. Piłsudskiego 141, 92-318 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Julia Krzywik
- TriMen Chemicals Sp. z o.o., Al. Piłsudskiego 141, 92-318 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bogusław Buszewski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Wileńska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Department of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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3
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Reisenbauer JC, Green O, Franchino A, Finkelstein P, Morandi B. Late-stage diversification of indole skeletons through nitrogen atom insertion. Science 2022; 377:1104-1109. [PMID: 36048958 DOI: 10.1126/science.add1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Compared with peripheral late-stage transformations mainly focusing on carbon-hydrogen functionalizations, reliable strategies to directly edit the core skeleton of pharmaceutical lead compounds still remain scarce despite the recent flurry of activity in this area. Herein, we report the skeletal editing of indoles through nitrogen atom insertion, accessing the corresponding quinazoline or quinoxaline bioisosteres by trapping of an electrophilic nitrene species generated from ammonium carbamate and hypervalent iodine. This reactivity relies on the strategic use of a silyl group as a labile protecting group that can facilitate subsequent product release. The utility of this highly functional group-compatible methodology in the context of late-stage skeletal editing of several commercial drugs is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ori Green
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Allegra Franchino
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Bill Morandi
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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4
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Liu Y, Zhu R, Liu C, Zhang D. Key role of a π–π complex in diaryl cross-coupling between aryldiazonium salts and arylboronic acids using photosensitizer-free gold/photoredox catalysis. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01464a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In a new mechanism for photosensitizer-free visible-light-mediated gold-catalyzed cross-coupling, the π–π complex between aryldiazonium salts and arylboronic acids acts as a photoinitiator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Rongxiu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Chengbu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Dongju Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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5
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Medina-Mercado I, Colin-Molina A, Barquera-Lozada JE, Rodríguez-Molina B, Porcel S. Gold-Catalyzed Ascorbic Acid-Induced Arylative Carbocyclization of Alkynes with Aryldiazonium Tetrafluoroborates. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Medina-Mercado
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Abraham Colin-Molina
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - José Enrique Barquera-Lozada
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Braulio Rodríguez-Molina
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Susana Porcel
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México 04510, México
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Mo F, Qiu D, Zhang L, Wang J. Recent Development of Aryl Diazonium Chemistry for the Derivatization of Aromatic Compounds. Chem Rev 2021; 121:5741-5829. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanyang Mo
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Di Qiu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules, College of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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7
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Xu HF, Pan YL, Li GJ, Hu XY, Chen JZ. Copper(II)-Catalyzed Direct C-H (Hetero)arylation at the C3 Position of Indoles Assisted by a Removable N, N-Bidentate Auxiliary Moiety. J Org Chem 2021; 86:1789-1801. [PMID: 33393296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The regioselective arylation of inert C3-H bonds in indoles reacting with arylboronates via effective copper-mediated catalysis with the aid of a facile and removable 2-pyridinylisopropyl (PIP) group without ligand participation is reported. This newly established method features high compatibility with diverse functional groups between coupling partners, including both indole substrates and arylboron reagents, consequentially leading to operational simplicity and providing access to generate the desired arylated products in good to excellent yields of up to 97%. Synthetically, the PIP-derived amide moiety could subsequently be readily removed under mild reaction conditions to produce useful indole carboxylic acids for further transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - You-Lu Pan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Gang-Jian Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Yang Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Zhong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China
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8
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Rocchigiani L, Bochmann M. Recent Advances in Gold(III) Chemistry: Structure, Bonding, Reactivity, and Role in Homogeneous Catalysis. Chem Rev 2020; 121:8364-8451. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Rocchigiani
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR47TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR47TJ, United Kingdom
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9
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Medina‐Mercado I, Porcel S. Insights into the Mechanism of Gold(I) Oxidation with Aryldiazonium Salts. Chemistry 2020; 26:16206-16221. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Medina‐Mercado
- Instituto de Química Universidad Nacional Autónoma de, México Circuito Exterior s/n Ciudad Universitaria, Cd. Mx. 04510 México
| | - Susana Porcel
- Instituto de Química Universidad Nacional Autónoma de, México Circuito Exterior s/n Ciudad Universitaria, Cd. Mx. 04510 México
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10
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Sherborne GJ, Gevondian AG, Funes‐Ardoiz I, Dahiya A, Fricke C, Schoenebeck F. Modular and Selective Arylation of Aryl Germanes (C−GeEt
3
) over C−Bpin, C−SiR
3
and Halogens Enabled by Light‐Activated Gold Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Grant J. Sherborne
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Avetik G. Gevondian
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Ignacio Funes‐Ardoiz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Amit Dahiya
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Christoph Fricke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Franziska Schoenebeck
- Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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11
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Sherborne GJ, Gevondian AG, Funes‐Ardoiz I, Dahiya A, Fricke C, Schoenebeck F. Modular and Selective Arylation of Aryl Germanes (C-GeEt 3 ) over C-Bpin, C-SiR 3 and Halogens Enabled by Light-Activated Gold Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15543-15548. [PMID: 32392397 PMCID: PMC7496160 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Selective Csp 2 -Csp 2 couplings are powerful strategies for the rapid and programmable construction of bi- or multiaryls. To this end, the next frontier of synthetic modularity will likely arise from harnessing the coupling space that is orthogonal to the powerful Pd-catalyzed coupling regime. This report details the realization of this concept and presents the fully selective arylation of aryl germanes (which are inert under Pd0 /PdII catalysis) in the presence of the valuable functionalities C-BPin, C-SiMe3 , C-I, C-Br, C-Cl, which in turn offer versatile opportunities for diversification. The protocol makes use of visible light activation combined with gold catalysis, which facilitates the selective coupling of C-Ge with aryl diazonium salts. Contrary to previous light-/gold-catalyzed couplings of Ar-N2 + , which were specialized in Ar-N2 + scope, we present conditions to efficiently couple electron-rich, electron-poor, heterocyclic and sterically hindered aryl diazonium salts. Our computational data suggest that while electron-poor Ar-N2 + salts are readily activated by gold under blue-light irradiation, there is a competing dissociative deactivation pathway for excited electron-rich Ar-N2 + , which requires an alternative photo-redox approach to enable productive couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant J. Sherborne
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Avetik G. Gevondian
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Ignacio Funes‐Ardoiz
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Amit Dahiya
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
| | - Christoph Fricke
- Institute of Organic ChemistryRWTH Aachen UniversityLandoltweg 152074AachenGermany
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