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Parafioriti M, Elli S, Muñoz-García JC, Ramírez-Cárdenas J, Yates EA, Angulo J, Guerrini M. Differential Solvent DEEP-STD NMR and MD Simulations Enable the Determinants of the Molecular Recognition of Heparin Oligosaccharides by Antithrombin to Be Disentangled. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4669. [PMID: 38731888 PMCID: PMC11083112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The interaction of heparin with antithrombin (AT) involves a specific sequence corresponding to the pentasaccharide GlcNAc/NS6S-GlcA-GlcNS3S6S-IdoA2S-GlcNS6S (AGA*IA). Recent studies have revealed that two AGA*IA-containing hexasaccharides, which differ in the sulfation degree of the iduronic acid unit, exhibit similar binding to AT, albeit with different affinities. However, the lack of experimental data concerning the molecular contacts between these ligands and the amino acids within the protein-binding site prevents a detailed description of the complexes. Differential epitope mapping (DEEP)-STD NMR, in combination with MD simulations, enables the experimental observation and comparison of two heparin pentasaccharides interacting with AT, revealing slightly different bound orientations and distinct affinities of both glycans for AT. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the differential solvent DEEP-STD NMR approach in determining the presence of polar residues in the recognition sites of glycosaminoglycan-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Parafioriti
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche “G. Ronzoni”, Via Giuseppe Colombo 81, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.P.); (S.E.)
| | - Stefano Elli
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche “G. Ronzoni”, Via Giuseppe Colombo 81, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.P.); (S.E.)
| | - Juan C. Muñoz-García
- Instituto de Investigationes Químicas (IIQ)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Americo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (J.C.M.-G.); (J.R.-C.)
| | - Jonathan Ramírez-Cárdenas
- Instituto de Investigationes Químicas (IIQ)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Americo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (J.C.M.-G.); (J.R.-C.)
| | - Edwin A. Yates
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK;
- Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Newcastle-Under-Lyme ST5 5BG, UK
| | - Jesús Angulo
- Instituto de Investigationes Químicas (IIQ)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Avenida Americo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; (J.C.M.-G.); (J.R.-C.)
| | - Marco Guerrini
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche “G. Ronzoni”, Via Giuseppe Colombo 81, 20133 Milano, Italy; (M.P.); (S.E.)
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Hogwood J, Mulloy B, Lever R, Gray E, Page CP. Pharmacology of Heparin and Related Drugs: An Update. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:328-379. [PMID: 36792365 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin has been used extensively as an antithrombotic and anticoagulant for close to 100 years. This anticoagulant activity is attributed mainly to the pentasaccharide sequence, which potentiates the inhibitory action of antithrombin, a major inhibitor of the coagulation cascade. More recently it has been elucidated that heparin exhibits anti-inflammatory effect via interference of the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps and this may also contribute to heparin's antithrombotic activity. This illustrates that heparin interacts with a broad range of biomolecules, exerting both anticoagulant and nonanticoagulant actions. Since our previous review, there has been an increased interest in these nonanticoagulant effects of heparin, with the beneficial role in patients infected with SARS2-coronavirus a highly topical example. This article provides an update on our previous review with more recent developments and observations made for these novel uses of heparin and an overview of the development status of heparin-based drugs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This state-of-the-art review covers recent developments in the use of heparin and heparin-like materials as anticoagulant, now including immunothrombosis observations, and as nonanticoagulant including a role in the treatment of SARS-coronavirus and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Hogwood
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Barbara Mulloy
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Rebeca Lever
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Elaine Gray
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Clive P Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., E.G., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.) and School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
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Krishnamoorthi R, Anbazhagan R, Thankachan D, Thuy Dinh VT, Tsai HC, Lai JY, Wang CF. Antiblood Cell Adhesion of Mussel-Inspired Chondroitin Sulfate- and Caffeic Acid-Modified Polycarbonate Membranes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:717-727. [PMID: 36584671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We fabricated a mussel-inspired hemocompatible polycarbonate membrane (PC) modified by the cross-linking of chondroitin sulfate and caffeic acid polymer using CA-CS via a Schiff base and Michael addition reaction and named it CA-CS-PC. The as-fabricated CA-CS-PC membrane shows excellent hydrophilicity with a water contact angle of 0° and a negative surface charge with a zeta potential of -32 mV. The antiadhesion property of the CA-CS-modified PC membrane was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using human plasma protein fibrinogen adsorption studies, and proved to have excellent antiadhesion properties, because of the lower fibrinogen adsorption. In addition, the CA-CS-PC membrane also shows enhanced hemocompatibility. Finally, blood cell attachment tests of the CA-CS-PC membrane were observed by CLSM and SEM, and the obtained results proved that CA-CS-PC effectively resisted cell adhesion, such as platelets and leucocytes. Therefore, this work disclosed a new way to design a simple and versatile modification of the membrane surface by caffeic acid and chondroitin sulfate and apply it for cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajakumari Krishnamoorthi
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Advanced Membrane Materials Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei106, Taiwan
| | - Rajeshkumar Anbazhagan
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Advanced Membrane Materials Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei106, Taiwan
| | - Darieo Thankachan
- Department of materials science and engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Van Thi Thuy Dinh
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Advanced Membrane Materials Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei106, Taiwan
| | - Hsieh-Chih Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Advanced Membrane Materials Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei106, Taiwan
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Juin-Yih Lai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Advanced Membrane Materials Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei106, Taiwan
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Feng Wang
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Advanced Membrane Materials Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei106, Taiwan
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
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Zhang W, Jin W, Pomin VH, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ. Interactions of marine sulfated glycans with antithrombin and platelet factor 4. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:954752. [PMID: 36200072 PMCID: PMC9527323 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.954752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular interactions of sulfated glycans, such as heparin, with antithrombin (AT) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) are essential for certain biological events such as anticoagulation and heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). In this study, a library including 84 sulfated glycans (polymers and oligomers) extracted from marine algae along with several animal-originated polysaccharides were subjected to a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study regarding their specific molecular interactions with AT and PF4 using surface plasmon resonance. In this SAR study, multiple characteristics were considered including different algal species, different methods of extraction, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, sulfate content and pattern and branching vs. linear chains. These factors were found to influence the binding affinity of the studied glycans with AT. Many polysaccharides showed stronger binding than the low molecular weight heparin (e.g., enoxaparin). Fourteen polysaccharides with strong AT-binding affinities were selected to further investigate their binding affinity with PF4. Eleven of these polysaccharides showed strong binding to PF4. It was observed that the types of monosaccharides, molecular weight and branching are not very essential particularly when these polysaccharides are oversulfated. The sulfation levels and sulfation patterns are, on the other hand, the primary contribution to strong AT and PF4 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weihua Jin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States,College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Weihua Jin, ; Fuming Zhang, ; Robert J. Linhardt,
| | - Vitor H. Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Weihua Jin, ; Fuming Zhang, ; Robert J. Linhardt,
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States,Departments of Biological Science, Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Weihua Jin, ; Fuming Zhang, ; Robert J. Linhardt,
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Mourier P. Building Block Analysis of ATIII Affinity Fractions of Heparins: Application to the ATIII Binding Capacity of Non-conventional 3-O-Sulfated Sequences. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:841738. [PMID: 35514744 PMCID: PMC9063521 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.841738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In heparin, some 3-O-sulfated sequences do not meet the structural requirements of the ATIII binding pentasaccharide. These “non-conventional” sequences are the object of this study. In a previous paper (Mourier P. Heparinase digestion of 3-O-sulfated sequences: selective heparinase II digestion for separation and identification of binding sequences present in ATIII affinity fractions of bovine intestine heparins), we demonstrated that unsaturated 3-O-sulfated disaccharides detected in exhaustive heparin digests were specifically cleaved by heparinase I. Consequently, building blocks analyses of heparins using heparinases I+II+III digestion could be compared with experiments where only heparinase II is used. In these latter conditions of depolymerization, the 3-O-sulfated sequences digested into unsaturated 3-O-sulfated disaccharides with heparinases I+II+III, were heparinase II-resistant on their non-reducing side, resulting in longer new building blocks. These properties were used to study the structural neighborhood of these 3-O-sulfated moieties, which have still-undefined biological functions. In this part, heparinases I+II+III and heparinase II digestions of porcine mucosa, bovine mucosa and bovine lung heparins were compared in six fractions of increasing affinity for ATIII. Tagging of building blocks by reductive amination with sulfanilic acid was used. The distribution of 3-O-sulfated building blocks in the ATIII affinity fractions was used to examine the ATIII binding of these sequences.
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Mourier P. Heparinase Digestion of 3-O-Sulfated Sequences: Selective Heparinase II Digestion for Separation and Identification of Binding Sequences Present in ATIII Affinity Fractions of Bovine Intestinal Heparins. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:841726. [PMID: 35433769 PMCID: PMC9009448 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.841726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding to antithrombin-III (ATIII) determines the anticoagulant activity of heparin. The complexes formed between heparin and ATIII result from a specific pentasaccharide sequence containing a 3-O-sulfated glucosamine in medium position. Building block analysis of heparins, following heparinase digestion, is a critical method in quality control that provides a simple structural characterization of a complex product. Hence, in these applications, study of the digestion of 3-O-sulfated moieties merits special attention. With heparinase II, specific inhibition of cleavage of the non-reducing bond of 3-O-sulfated units is observed. This specificity was erroneously generalized to other heparinases when it was observed that in exhaustive digests of heparins with the heparinase mixture, resistant 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides were also obtained from the specific ATIII-binding pentasaccharides. In fact, the detection of unsaturated 3-O-sulfated disaccharides in digests of heparin by heparinases I+II+III, resulting from the cleavage of the 3-O sulfated unit by heparinase I in non-conventional sequences, shows that this inhibition has exceptions. Thus, in experiments where heparinase II is selectively applied, these sequences can only be digested into tetra- or hexasaccharides where the 3-O-sulfated glucosamine is shifted on the reducing end. Heparinase I+II+III and heparinase II digests with additional tagging by reductive amination with sulfanilic acid were used to study the structural neighborhood of 3-O-sulfated disaccharides in bovine mucosal heparin fractions with increasing affinity for ATIII. The 3-O-sulfated disaccharides detected in heparinase I+II+III digests turn into numerous specific 3-O-sulfated tetrasaccharides in heparinase II digests. Additionally, ATIII-binding pentasaccharides with an extra 3-O-sulfate at the reducing glucosamine are detected in fractions of highest affinity as heparinase II-resistant hexasaccharides with two consecutive 3-O-sulfated units.
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Bu C, Jin L. NMR Characterization of the Interactions Between Glycosaminoglycans and Proteins. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:646808. [PMID: 33796549 PMCID: PMC8007983 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.646808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) constitute a considerable fraction of the glycoconjugates found on cellular membranes and in the extracellular matrix of virtually all mammalian tissues. The essential role of GAG-protein interactions in the regulation of physiological processes has been recognized for decades. However, the underlying molecular basis of these interactions has only emerged since 1990s. The binding specificity of GAGs is encoded in their primary structures, but ultimately depends on how their functional groups are presented to a protein in the three-dimensional space. This review focuses on the application of NMR spectroscopy on the characterization of the GAG-protein interactions. Examples of interpretation of the complex mechanism and characterization of structural motifs involved in the GAG-protein interactions are given. Selected families of GAG-binding proteins investigated using NMR are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changkai Bu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Jin
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
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Khrunyk Y, Lach S, Petrenko I, Ehrlich H. Progress in Modern Marine Biomaterials Research. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E589. [PMID: 33255647 PMCID: PMC7760574 DOI: 10.3390/md18120589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing demand for new, sophisticated, multifunctional materials has brought natural structural composites into focus, since they underwent a substantial optimization during long evolutionary selection pressure and adaptation processes. Marine biological materials are the most important sources of both inspiration for biomimetics and of raw materials for practical applications in technology and biomedicine. The use of marine natural products as multifunctional biomaterials is currently undergoing a renaissance in the modern materials science. The diversity of marine biomaterials, their forms and fields of application are highlighted in this review. We will discuss the challenges, solutions, and future directions of modern marine biomaterialogy using a thorough analysis of scientific sources over the past ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Khrunyk
- Department of Heat Treatment and Physics of Metal, Ural Federal University, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia;
- Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 620990 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Slawomir Lach
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Iaroslav Petrenko
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;
| | - Hermann Ehrlich
- Institute of Electronics and Sensor Materials, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany;
- Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61614 Poznan, Poland
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Drago F, Gozzo L, Li L, Stella A, Cosmi B. Use of Enoxaparin to Counteract COVID-19 Infection and Reduce Thromboembolic Venous Complications: A Review of the Current Evidence. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:579886. [PMID: 33041824 PMCID: PMC7525088 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.579886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been dramatic worldwide, with China, Italy, and now US at its epicenter. Researchers and clinicians are studying and testing different approaches in the attempt to prevent the infection and minimize its severity. Major efforts are focused on optimizing mechanical ventilation, antiviral, and supportive treatment; however, the role of heparin and low molecular weight (LMW) heparin in this setting has been largely overlooked. This review summarizes the available evidence about the role of heparan sulfate as a key entry mechanism for SARS-CoV-2; the efficacy of heparin and LMW heparin in counteracting its entry into the cell, the recent experimental findings obtained in in vitro studies using the LMW heparin enoxaparin Inhixa®, the role of heparin and LMW heparin in modulating the cytokine storm, and the evidence for the use of LMW heparin in the prevention and treatment of the thromboembolic complications of COVID-19. The available evidence suggests that LMW heparin appears as a promising tool in the treatment of COVID-19. Whether its systematic use is associated with a reduction in complications and ultimately mortality of these patients is being tested in several studies starting worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Gozzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University Hospital of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Li Li
- Laboratory Hepalink, Shenzen, China
| | - Andrea Stella
- Department of Specialty, Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Benilde Cosmi
- Division of Angiology and Blood Coagulation, Department of Specialty Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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