1
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Amit E, Mondal R, Berg I, Nairoukh Z, Gross E. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Monolayers on Metal-Oxide Films: Correlations between Adsorption Mode and Surface Functionality. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:10374-10383. [PMID: 38701356 PMCID: PMC11100006 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have been self-assembled on various metal and semimetal surfaces, creating a covalent bond with surface metal atoms that led to high thermal and chemical stability of the self-assembled monolayer. This study explores the self-assembly of NHCs on metal-oxide films (CuOx, FeOx, and TiOx) and reveals that the properties of these metal-oxide substrates play a pivotal role in dictating the adsorption behavior of NHCs, influencing the decomposition route of the monolayer and its impact on work function values. While the attachment of NHCs onto CuOx is via coordination with surface oxygen atoms, NHCs interact with TiOx through coordination with surface metal atoms and with FeOx via coordination with both metal and oxygen surface atoms. These distinct binding modes arise due to variances in the electronic properties of the metal atoms within the investigated metal-oxide films. Contact angle and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy measurements have shown a significantly higher impact of F-NHC adsorption on CuOx than on TiOx and FeOx , correlated to a preferred, averaged upright orientation of F-NHC on CuOx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einav Amit
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The
Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Rajarshi Mondal
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Iris Berg
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The
Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Zackaria Nairoukh
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Elad Gross
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- The
Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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2
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Lee DS, Singh I, Veinot AJ, Aloisio MD, Lomax JT, Ragogna PJ, Crudden CM. Mesoionic carbene-based self-assembled monolayers on gold. Chem Sci 2024; 15:2480-2485. [PMID: 38362421 PMCID: PMC10866350 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04720b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) have been widely studied as ligands for surface chemistry, and have shown advantages compared to existing ligands (e.g. thiols). Herein, we introduce mesoionic carbenes (MICs) as a new type of surface ligand. MICs exhibit higher σ-donor ability compared to typical NHCs, yet they have received little attention in the area of surface chemistry. The synthesis of MICs derived from imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine was established and fully characterized by spectroscopic methods. The self-assembly of these MICs on gold was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Additionally, XPS was used to compare bonding ability in MICs compared to the typical NHCs. These results show that MIC overlayers on gold are robust, resistant to replacement by NHCs, and may be superior to NHCs for applications that require even greater levels of robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne S Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
- Carbon to Metal Coating Institute, C2MCI, Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 4V1 Canada
| | - Ishwar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
- Carbon to Metal Coating Institute, C2MCI, Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 4V1 Canada
| | - Alex J Veinot
- Carbon to Metal Coating Institute, C2MCI, Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 4V1 Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Western University London Ontario N6A 3K7 Canada
- Surface Science Western 999 Collip Cir London Ontario N6G 0J3 Canada
| | - Mark D Aloisio
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
- Carbon to Metal Coating Institute, C2MCI, Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 4V1 Canada
| | - Justin T Lomax
- Carbon to Metal Coating Institute, C2MCI, Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 4V1 Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Western University London Ontario N6A 3K7 Canada
- Surface Science Western 999 Collip Cir London Ontario N6G 0J3 Canada
| | - Paul J Ragogna
- Carbon to Metal Coating Institute, C2MCI, Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 4V1 Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Western University London Ontario N6A 3K7 Canada
| | - Cathleen M Crudden
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
- Carbon to Metal Coating Institute, C2MCI, Queen's University 90 Bader Lane Kingston Ontario K7L 4V1 Canada
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3
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Das M, Kohlstädt M, Enders M, Burger S, Sasmal HS, Zimmermann B, Schäfer A, Tyler BJ, Arlinghaus HF, Krossing I, Würfel U, Glorius F. Surface Modification of ITO with N-Heterocyclic Carbene Precursors Results in Electron Selective Contacts in Organic Photovoltaic Devices. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301482. [PMID: 37488067 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification of indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes with organic molecules is known to tune their work function which results in higher charge carrier selectivity in corresponding organic electronic devices and hence influences the performance of organic solar cells. In recent years, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have also been proven to be capable to modify the work function of metals and semimetals compared to the unfunctionalized surface via the formation of strong covalent bonds. In this report, we have designed and performed the modification of the ITO surface with NHC by using the zwitterionic bench stable IPr-CO2 as the NHC precursor, applied via spin coating. Upon modification, the work function of ITO electrodes was reduced significantly which resulted in electron selective contacts in corresponding organic photovoltaic devices. In addition, various characterization techniques and analytical methods are used to elucidate the nature of the bound species and the corresponding binding mechanism of the material to the ITO surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mowpriya Das
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Kohlstädt
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum FMF, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maria Enders
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Burger
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum FMF, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Himadri Sekhar Sasmal
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Birger Zimmermann
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäfer
- NanoAnalytics GmbH, Heisenbergstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bonnie J Tyler
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Heinrich F Arlinghaus
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Straße 10, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum FMF, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Uli Würfel
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Solare Energiesysteme ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum FMF, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
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4
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Pasyukov DV, Shevchenko MA, Astakhov AV, Minyaev ME, Zhang Y, Chernyshev VM, Ananikov VP. New class of RSO 2-NHC ligands and Pd/RSO 2-NHC complexes with tailored electronic properties and high performance in catalytic C-C and C-N bonds formation. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12067-12086. [PMID: 37581341 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02296j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Imidazolium salts have found ubiquitous applications as N-heterocyclic carbene precursors and metal nanoparticle stabilizers in catalysis and metallodrug research. Substituents directly attached to the imidazole ring can have a significant influence on the electronic, steric, and other properties of NHC-proligands as well as their metal complexes. In the present study, for the first time, a new type of Pd/NHC complex with the RSO2 group directly attached to the imidazol-2-ylidene ligand core was designed and synthesized. The electronic properties as well as structural features of the new ligands were evaluated by means of experimental and computational methods. Interestingly, the introduction of a 4-aryl(alkyl)sulfonyl group only slightly decreased the electron donation, but it significantly increased the π-acceptance and slightly enhanced the buried volume (%Vbur) of new imidazol-2-ylidenes. New Pd/NHC complexes were obtained through selective C(2)H-palladation of some of the synthesized 4-RSO2-functionalized imidazolium salts under mild conditions. Several complexes demonstrated good activity in the catalysis of model cross-coupling reactions, outperforming the activity of similar complexes with non-substituted NHC ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Pasyukov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russian Federation.
| | - Maxim A Shevchenko
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander V Astakhov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russian Federation.
| | - Mikhail E Minyaev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 2, Nengyuan Road, Wushan Street, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Victor M Chernyshev
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russian Federation.
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI), Prosveschenya 132, 346428 Novocherkassk, Russian Federation.
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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5
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Richstein R, Eisen C, Ge L, Chalermnon M, Mayer F, Keppler BK, Chin JM, Reithofer MR. NHC stabilized copper nanoparticles via reduction of a copper NHC complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:9738-9741. [PMID: 37477599 PMCID: PMC10408246 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02745g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The bottom-up synthesis of plasmonic NHC@CuNPs from common starting reagents, via the formation of the synthetically accessible NHC-Cu(I)-Br complex and its reduction by NH3·BH3 is reported. The resulting NHC@CuNPs have been characterized in detail by XPS, TEM and NMR spectroscopy. The stability of NHC@CuNPs was investigated under both inert and ambient conditions using UV-Vis analysis. While the NHC@CuNPs are stable under inert conditions for an extended period of time, the NPs oxidize under air to form CuxO with concomitant release of the stabilizing NHC ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Richstein
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | - Constantin Eisen
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | - Lingcong Ge
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | - Monnaya Chalermnon
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | - Florian Mayer
- Institute of Materials Chemistry and Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Bernhard K Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | - Jia Min Chin
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry - Functional Materials, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, Vienna 1090, Austria.
| | - Michael R Reithofer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, Vienna 1090, Austria.
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6
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Wei Z, Price A, Wei K, Luo Q, Thanneeru S, Sun S, He J. Polymer N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Ligands for Silver Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:55227-55237. [PMID: 36459050 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polymer N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are a class of robust surface ligands to provide superior colloidal stability for metal nanoparticles (NPs) under various harsh conditions. We report a general method to prepare polymeric NHCs and demonstrate that these polymer NHC-AgNPs are stable against oxidative etching and show high peroxidase activity. We prepared three imidazolium-terminated poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), and poly(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate) (PMEO2MA) through atom-transfer radical polymerization with an imidazole-containing initiator. The imidazolium end group was further converted to NHC-Ag(I) in the presence of Ag2O at room temperature. Polymer NHC-Ag(I) can transmetalate to AgNPs through ligand exchange at the interface of oil/water within 2 min. All the three polymers can modify metal NPs, such as AgNPs, Ag nanowires, and AuNPs, providing excellent thermal, oxidative, and chemical stabilities for AgNPs. As an example, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, AgNPs modified by polymer NHCs were resistant against oxidative etching with a rate of ∼700 times slower than those grafted with thiolates. AgNPs modified by polymer NHCs also showed higher peroxidase activity, 4 times more active than those capped by citrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and 2 times more active than those with polymer thiolate. Our studies demonstrate a great potential of using polymer NHCs to stabilize metallic NPs for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichao Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut06269, United States
| | - Aleisha Price
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut06269, United States
| | - Kecheng Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island02912, United States
| | - Qiang Luo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut06269, United States
| | - Srinivas Thanneeru
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut06269, United States
| | - Shouheng Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island02912, United States
| | - Jie He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut06269, United States
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut06269, United States
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7
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Navarro JJ, Das M, Tosoni S, Landwehr F, Bruce JP, Heyde M, Pacchioni G, Glorius F, Roldan Cuenya B. Covalent Adsorption of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes on a Copper Oxide Surface. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:16267-16271. [PMID: 36049156 PMCID: PMC9479068 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Tuning the properties of oxide surfaces through the adsorption
of designed ligands is highly desirable for several applications,
such as catalysis. N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have been successfully
employed as ligands for the modification of metallic surfaces. On
the other hand, their potential as modifiers of ubiquitous oxide surfaces
still needs to be developed. Here we show that a model NHC binds covalently
to a copper oxide surface under UHV conditions. In particular, we
report the first example of a covalent bond between NHCs and oxygen
atoms from the oxide layer. This study demonstrates that NHC can also
act as a strong anchor on oxide surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Navarro
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mowpriya Das
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sergio Tosoni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Felix Landwehr
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jared P Bruce
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Heyde
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Gianfranco Pacchioni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, 20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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8
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Navarro JJ, Das M, Tosoni S, Landwehr F, Koy M, Heyde M, Pacchioni G, Glorius F, Roldan Cuenya B. Growth of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Assemblies on Cu(100) and Cu(111): From Single Molecules to Magic-Number Islands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202127. [PMID: 35468246 PMCID: PMC9401596 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
N‐Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have superior properties as building blocks of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs). Understanding the influence of the substrate in the molecular arrangement is a fundamental step before employing these ligands in technological applications. Herein, we study the molecular arrangement of a model NHC on Cu(100) and Cu(111). While mostly disordered phases appear on Cu(100), on Cu(111) well‐defined structures are formed, evolving from magic‐number islands to molecular ribbons with coverage. This work presents the first example of magic‐number islands formed by NHC assemblies on flat surfaces. Diffusion and commensurability are key factors explaining the observed arrangements. These results shed light on the molecule‐substrate interaction and open the possibility of tuning nanopatterned structures based on NHC assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J Navarro
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Department of Interface Science, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mowpriya Das
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Sergio Tosoni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Felix Landwehr
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Department of Interface Science, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Koy
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Heyde
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Department of Interface Science, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gianfranco Pacchioni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, 20125, Milano, Italy
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Corrensstraße 40, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Department of Interface Science, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Berg I, Amit E, Hale L, Toste FD, Gross E. N-Heterocyclic Carbene Based Nanolayer for Copper Film Oxidation Mitigation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201093. [PMID: 35315187 PMCID: PMC9321544 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The wide use of copper is limited by its rapid oxidation. Main oxidation mitigation approaches involve alloying or surface passivation technologies. However, surface alloying often modifies the physical properties of copper, while surface passivation is characterized by limited thermal and chemical stability. Herein, we demonstrate an electrochemical approach for surface‐anchoring of an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) nanolayer on a copper electrode by electro‐deposition of alkyne‐functionalized imidazolium cations. Water reduction reaction generated a high concentration of hydroxide ions that induced deprotonation of imidazolium cations and self‐assembly of NHCs on the copper electrode. In addition, alkyne group deprotonation enabled on‐surface polymerization by coupling surface‐anchored and solvated NHCs, which resulted in a 2 nm thick NHC‐nanolayer. Copper film coated with a NHC‐nanolayer demonstrated high oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures and under alkaline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Berg
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Einav Amit
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Lillian Hale
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - F Dean Toste
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Elad Gross
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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10
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Navarro JJ, Das M, Tosoni S, Landwehr F, Koy M, Heyde M, Pacchioni G, Glorius F, Roldan Cuenya B. Wachstum von N‐heterocyclischen Carbenen auf Cu(100) und Cu(111): von einzelnen Molekülen bis hin zu Inseln mit magischen Zahlen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Navarro
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Abteilung für Grenzflächenwissenschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Mowpriya Das
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Sergio Tosoni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali Università di Milano-Bicocca Via Cozzi 55 20125 Milano Italien
| | - Felix Landwehr
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Abteilung für Grenzflächenwissenschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Maximilian Koy
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Markus Heyde
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Abteilung für Grenzflächenwissenschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
| | - Gianfranco Pacchioni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali Università di Milano-Bicocca Via Cozzi 55 20125 Milano Italien
| | - Frank Glorius
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Organisch-Chemisches Institut Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Abteilung für Grenzflächenwissenschaft Faradayweg 4–6 14195 Berlin Deutschland
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11
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Berg I, Amit E, Hale L, Toste FD, Gross E. N
‐Heterocyclic Carbene Nanolayer for Copper Film Oxidation Mitigation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Berg
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology The Hebrew University Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Einav Amit
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology The Hebrew University Jerusalem 91904 Israel
| | - Lillian Hale
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - F. Dean Toste
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Elad Gross
- Institute of Chemistry and the Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology The Hebrew University Jerusalem 91904 Israel
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12
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Dery S, Alshanski I, Mervinetsky E, Feferman D, Yitzchaik S, Hurevich M, Gross E. The influence of surface proximity on photoswitching activity of stilbene-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene monolayers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:6233-6236. [PMID: 34095904 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02491d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Self-assembly of photo-responsive molecules is a robust technology for reversibly tuning the properties of functional materials. Herein, we probed the crucial role of surface-adsorbate interactions on the adsorption geometry of stilbene-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbenes (stilbene-NHCs) monolayers and its impact on surface potential. Stilbene-NHCs on Au film accumulated in a vertical orientation that enabled high photoisomerization efficiency and reversible changes in surface potential. Strong metal-adsorbate interactions led to flat-lying adsorption geometry of stilbene-NHCs on Pt film, which quenched the photo-isomerization influence on surface potential. It is identified that photo-induced response can be optimized by positioning the photo-active group in proximity to weakly-interacting surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Dery
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Israel Alshanski
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Evgeniy Mervinetsky
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Daniel Feferman
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Shlomo Yitzchaik
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Mattan Hurevich
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
| | - Elad Gross
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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13
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Knecht P, Zhang B, Reichert J, Duncan DA, Schwarz M, Haag F, Ryan PTP, Lee TL, Deimel PS, Feulner P, Allegretti F, Auwärter W, Médard G, Seitsonen AP, Barth JV, Papageorgiou AC. Assembly and Manipulation of a Prototypical N-Heterocyclic Carbene with a Metalloporphyrin Pedestal on a Solid Surface. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4433-4439. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c01229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Knecht
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James Franck Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bodong Zhang
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James Franck Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Joachim Reichert
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James Franck Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - David A. Duncan
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Martin Schwarz
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James Franck Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Felix Haag
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James Franck Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Paul T. P. Ryan
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, U.K
| | - Tien-Lin Lee
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - Peter S. Deimel
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James Franck Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Feulner
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James Franck Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Francesco Allegretti
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James Franck Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James Franck Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Guillaume Médard
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, Technical University of Munich, Emil Erlenmeyer Forum 5, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Ari Paavo Seitsonen
- Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
- Université de Recherche Paris-Sciences-et-Lettres, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Johannes V. Barth
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James Franck Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Anthoula C. Papageorgiou
- Physics Department E20, Technical University of Munich, James Franck Straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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