1
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Wen G, Feng X, Lin L. Water-enabling strategies for asymmetric catalysis. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2510-2522. [PMID: 38450421 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02122j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Water possesses unique advantages, including abundance, environmental friendliness and mild effects. Undoubtedly, it is an ideal solvent or reagent in chemical syntheses. Water also shows unique abilities in catalytic asymmetric synthesis. It can accelerate reaction rates, improve diastereo- or enantioselectivities, initiate reactions, diversify chemo, diastereo- or enantioselectivities through various effects (hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding, protonation). Several reviews have demonstrated the positive effects of water in asymmetric synthesis. In this review, we summarize water-enabling strategies in the last decade, and focus on advances which reveal how water affects a reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Lili Lin
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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2
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Wang Y, Dana S, Long H, Xu Y, Li Y, Kaplaneris N, Ackermann L. Electrochemical Late-Stage Functionalization. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11269-11335. [PMID: 37751573 PMCID: PMC10571048 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Late-stage functionalization (LSF) constitutes a powerful strategy for the assembly or diversification of novel molecular entities with improved physicochemical or biological activities. LSF can thus greatly accelerate the development of medicinally relevant compounds, crop protecting agents, and functional materials. Electrochemical molecular synthesis has emerged as an environmentally friendly platform for the transformation of organic compounds. Over the past decade, electrochemical late-stage functionalization (eLSF) has gained major momentum, which is summarized herein up to February 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yang Xu
- Institut für Organische
und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for
Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Yanjun Li
- Institut für Organische
und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for
Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Kaplaneris
- Institut für Organische
und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for
Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische
und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for
Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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3
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Bhatt D, Kim HY, Oh K. Chemodivergent Sulfonylation of Enynones via Ionic and Radical Addition Modes of Sulfinic Acids. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37494288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Different addition modes of sulfinic acids were developed for the chemodivergent sulfonylation of enynones, where the ionic sulfonylation to an alkyne moiety of enynones was effected through a salt-controlled syn-addition pathway. The radical sulfonylation of an alkene moiety also provided the stereodefined sulfonylated alkenes. A one-pot tandem sequence of the Ti(Oi-Pr)4-catalyzed α-vinyl aldol condensation of (E)-β-chlorovinyl ketones followed by the chemodivergent sulfonylations was also explored, allowing for ready access to highly substituted dienes and enynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Bhatt
- Center for Metareceptome Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Young Kim
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Oh
- Center for Metareceptome Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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4
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Boyle BT, Levy JN, de Lescure L, Paton RS, McNally A. Halogenation of the 3-position of pyridines through Zincke imine intermediates. Science 2022; 378:773-779. [PMID: 36395214 PMCID: PMC10631470 DOI: 10.1126/science.add8980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Pyridine halogenation reactions are crucial for obtaining the vast array of derivatives required for drug and agrochemical development. However, despite more than a century of synthetic endeavors, halogenation processes that selectively functionalize the carbon-hydrogen bond in the 3-position of a broad range of pyridine precursors remain largely elusive. We report a reaction sequence of pyridyl ring opening, halogenation, and ring closing whereby the acyclic Zincke imine intermediates undergo highly regioselective halogenation reactions under mild conditions. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies indicate that the nature of the halogen electrophile can modify the selectivity-determining step. Using this method, we produced a diverse set of 3-halopyridines and demonstrated late-stage halogenation of complex pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Louis de Lescure
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Robert S. Paton
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Andrew McNally
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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5
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Lagueux-Tremblay PL, Augereau C, Nair P, Tam KM, Arndtsen BA. Palladium Catalyzed Conversion of Aryl Triflates to Acyl-DMAP Salts: A Mild and Versatile Approach to Carbonylations. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Célestin Augereau
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Pranav Nair
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Kwan Ming Tam
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Bruce A. Arndtsen
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street W., Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
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6
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Norman JP, Neufeldt SR. The Road Less Traveled: Unconventional Site Selectivity in Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Couplings of Dihalogenated N-Heteroarenes. ACS Catal 2022; 12:12014-12026. [PMID: 36741273 PMCID: PMC9894105 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The vast majority (≥90%) of literature reports agree on the regiochemical outcomes of Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions for most classes of dihalogenated N-heteroarenes. Despite a well-established mechanistic rationale for typical selectivity, several examples reveal that changes to the catalyst can switch site selectivity, leading to the unconventional product. In this Perspective, we survey these unusual cases in which divergent selectivity is controlled by ligands or catalyst speciation. In some cases, the mechanistic origin of inverted selectivity has been established, but in others the mechanism remains unknown. This Perspective concludes with a discussion of remaining challenges and opportunities for the field of site-selective cross-coupling. These include developing a better understanding of oxidative addition mechanisms, understanding the role of catalyst speciation on selectivity, establishing an explanation for the influence of ring substituents on regiochemical outcome, inverting selectivity for some "stubborn" classes of substrates, and minimizing unwanted over-reaction of di- and polyhalogenated substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P. Norman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Sharon R. Neufeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
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7
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Wang F, Tong Y, Zou G. Nickel-Catalyzed, Manganese-Assisted Denitrogenative Cross-Electrophile-Coupling of Benzotriazinones with Alkyl Halides for ortho-Alkylated Benzamides. Org Lett 2022; 24:5741-5745. [PMID: 35916781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A nickel-catalyzed denitrogenative cross-electrophile-coupling of benzotriazinones with unactivated alkyl halides (X = Cl, Br, I) in the presence of manganese powder as a reductant has been developed. The reaction furnishes ortho-alkylated secondary benzamides in modest to good yields under mild conditions. The scope of the reaction is demonstrated with 25 examples, showing good tolerance of steric hindrance and common functional groups, thus providing an efficient protocol to ortho-alkylated benzamide derivatives without the use of preprepared organometallic reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengze Wang
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Tong
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Zou
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
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8
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Iwasaki T, Ishiga W, Pal S, Nozaki K, Kambe N. Mechanistic Insight into Rh-Catalyzed C(sp 2)–O Bond Cleavage Applied to Cross-Coupling Reaction of Benzofurans with Aryl Grignard Reagents. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Iwasaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Wataru Ishiga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 560-0871, Japan
| | - Shrinwantu Pal
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Kambe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 560-0871, Japan
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9
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Wei X, Xue B, Handelmann J, Hu Z, Darmandeh H, Gessner VH, Gooßen LJ. Ylide‐Functionalized Diisopropyl Phosphine (prYPhos): A Ligand for Selective Suzuki‐Miyaura Couplings of Aryl Chlorides. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Jing Wei
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Bingxiang Xue
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Jens Handelmann
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Heidar Darmandeh
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Lukas J. Gooßen
- Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr Universität Bochum 44801 Bochum Germany
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10
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Aragón J, Sun S, Pascual D, Jaworski S, Lloret-Fillol J. Photoredox Activation of Inert Alkyl Chlorides for the Reductive Cross-Coupling with Aromatic Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202114365. [PMID: 35289039 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The inertness of chloroalkanes has precluded them as coupling partners for cross-coupling reactions. Herein we disclose a general strategy for the activation of inert alkyl chlorides through photoredox catalysis and their use as coupling partners with alkenes. The catalytic system is formed by [Ni(OTf)(Py2 Ts tacn)](OTf) (1Ni ), which is responsible for the Csp3 -Cl bond activation, and [Ir(NMe2 bpy)(ppy)2 ]PF6, (PCIr NMe2 ), which is the photoredox catalyst. Combined experimental and theoretical studies show an in situ photogenerated NiI intermediate ([Ni(Py2 Ts tacn)]+ ) which is catalytically competent for the Csp3 -Cl bond cleavage via a SN 2 mechanism for primary alkyl chlorides, forming carbon-centered free radicals, which react with the olefin leading to the formation of the Csp3 -Csp3 bond. These results suggest inert alkyl chlorides can be electrophiles for developing new intermolecular strategies in which low-valent aminopyridine nickel complexes act as key catalytic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Aragón
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Organica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Suyun Sun
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Organica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - David Pascual
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Organica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Carrer Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sebastian Jaworski
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Julio Lloret-Fillol
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Thane TA, Jarvo ER. Ligand-Based Control of Nickel Catalysts: Switching Chemoselectivity from One-Electron to Two-Electron Pathways in Competing Reactions of 4-Halotetrahydropyrans. Org Lett 2022; 24:5003-5008. [PMID: 35559652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Development of nickel-catalyzed transformations would be facilitated by an improved ability to predict which ligands promote and suppress competing mechanisms. We evaluate ligand-based modulation of catalyst preference for one- or two-electron pathways employing 4-halotetrahydropyrans as model substrates that can undergo divergent reaction pathways. Chemoselectivity for one- or two-electron oxidative addition is predicted by ligand class. Phosphine-ligated nickel catalysts favor closed-shell oxidative addition. In contrast, nitrogen-ligated nickel catalysts prefer the one-electron pathway, initiating with halogen atom transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Thane
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Jarvo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, United States
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12
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Chen Z, Gu C, Yuen OY, So CM. Palladium-catalyzed chemoselective direct α-arylation of carbonyl compounds with chloroaryl triflates at the C-Cl site. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4762-4769. [PMID: 35655875 PMCID: PMC9067565 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06701j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study described palladium-catalyzed chemoselective direct α-arylation of carbonyl compounds with chloroaryl triflates in the Ar–Cl bond. The Pd/SelectPhos system showed excellent chemoselectivity toward the Ar–Cl bond in the presence of the Ar–OTf bond with a broad substrate scope and excellent product yields. The electronic and steric hindrance offered by the –PR2 group of the ligand with the C2-alkyl group was found to be the key factor affecting the reactivity and chemoselectivity of the α-arylation reaction. The chemodivergent approach was also successfully employed in the synthesis of flurbiprofen and its derivatives (e.g., –OMe and –F). Palladium-catalyzed chemoselective direct α-arylation of carbonyl compounds with chloroaryl triflates in the Ar–Cl bond is reported. The effects of –PR2 and C2-alkyl groups of the ligands are investigated using experimental and computational methods.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Changxue Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - On Ying Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Chau Ming So
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong SAR China .,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057 Guangdong China
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13
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Bhatt D, Chae S, Kim HY, Oh K. One-Pot Synthesis of N-Hydroxypyrroles via Soft α-Vinyl Enolization of ( E)-β-Chlorovinyl Ketones: A Traceless Arylsulfinate Mediator Strategy. Org Lett 2022; 24:2636-2640. [PMID: 35385289 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A traceless arylsulfinate mediator strategy has been developed to switch the reaction course of β-chlorovinyl ketones with N-hydroxyamine. The soft α-vinyl enolization of (E)-β-chlorovinyl ketones was conducted in the presence of sodium arylsulfinate to give transient alkenyl sulfones that in turn reacted with NH2OH to give novel access to N-hydroxypyrroles. The mechanistic studies revealed the initial formation of oxazine intermediates that rearranged to thermodynamically stable aromatic products, N-hydroxypyrroles, under microwave-assisted heating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Bhatt
- Center for Metareceptome Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Chae
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Young Kim
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsoo Oh
- Center for Metareceptome Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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14
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Aragón J, Sun S, Pascual D, Jaworski S, Lloret‐Fillol J. Photoredox Activation of Inert Alkyl Chlorides for the Reductive Cross‐Coupling with Aromatic Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Aragón
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Organica i Analítica Universitat Rovira i Virgili Carrer Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Suyun Sun
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Organica i Analítica Universitat Rovira i Virgili Carrer Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - David Pascual
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Organica i Analítica Universitat Rovira i Virgili Carrer Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Sebastian Jaworski
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Julio Lloret‐Fillol
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Technology Avda. Països Catalans, 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA) Passeig Lluís Companys, 23 08010 Barcelona Spain
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15
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Ng SS, Chen Z, Yuen OY, So CM. Palladium‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Borylation of (Poly)halogenated Aryl Triflates and Their Application in Consecutive Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Shan Ng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong People's Republic of China
| | - Zicong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong People's Republic of China
| | - On Ying Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong People's Republic of China
| | - Chau Ming So
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon Hong Kong People's Republic of China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518000 People's Republic of China
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16
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Trobe M, Vareka M, Schreiner T, Dobrounig P, Doler C, Holzinger EB, Steinegger A, Breinbauer R. Modular Synthesis of Teraryl‐based alpha ‐Helix Mimetics, Part 3: Iodophenyltriflate Core Fragments Featuring Side Chains of Proteinogenic Amino Acids. European J Org Chem 2022; 2022:e202101278. [PMID: 35910459 PMCID: PMC9306992 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Teraryl‐based α‐helix mimetics have proven to be useful compounds for the inhibition of protein‐protein interactions (PPI). We have developed a modular and flexible approach for the synthesis of teraryl‐based α‐helix mimetics using a benzene core unit featuring two leaving groups of differentiated reactivity in the Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling used for teraryl assembly. In previous publications we have introduced the methodology of 4‐iodophenyltriflates decorated with the side chains of some of the proteinogenic amino acids. We herein report the core fragments corresponding to the previously missing amino acids Arg, Asn, Asp, Met, Trp and Tyr. Therefore, our set now encompasses all relevant amino acid analogues with the exception of His. In order to be compatible with the triflate moiety, some of the nucleophilic side chains had to be provided in a protected form to serve as stable building blocks. Additionally, cross‐coupling procedures for the assembly of teraryls were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Trobe
- Graz University of Technology: Technische Universitat Graz Institute of Organic Chemistry AUSTRIA
| | - Martin Vareka
- Graz University of Technology: Technische Universitat Graz Institute of Organic Chemistry AUSTRIA
| | - Till Schreiner
- Graz University of Technology: Technische Universitat Graz Institute of Organic Chemistry AUSTRIA
| | - Patrick Dobrounig
- Graz University of Technology: Technische Universitat Graz Institute of Organic Chemistry AUSTRIA
| | - Carina Doler
- Graz University of Technology: Technische Universitat Graz Institute of Organic Chemistry AUSTRIA
| | - Ella B. Holzinger
- Graz University of Technology: Technische Universitat Graz Institute of Organic Chemistry AUSTRIA
| | - Andreas Steinegger
- Graz University of Technology: Technische Universitat Graz Institute of Organic Chemistry AUSTRIA
| | - Rolf Breinbauer
- Technische Universitat Graz Institute of Organic Chemistry Stremayrgasse 9 A-8010 Graz AUSTRIA
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17
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Elias EK, Rehbein SM, Neufeldt SR. Solvent coordination to palladium can invert the selectivity of oxidative addition. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1618-1628. [PMID: 35282616 PMCID: PMC8827013 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05862b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reaction solvent was previously shown to influence the selectivity of Pd/P t Bu3-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-couplings of chloroaryl triflates. The role of solvents has been hypothesized to relate to their polarity, whereby polar solvents stabilize anionic transition states involving [Pd(P t Bu3)(X)]- (X = anionic ligand) and nonpolar solvents do not. However, here we report detailed studies that reveal a more complicated mechanistic picture. In particular, these results suggest that the selectivity change observed in certain solvents is primarily due to solvent coordination to palladium. Polar coordinating and polar noncoordinating solvents lead to dramatically different selectivity. In coordinating solvents, preferential reaction at triflate is likely catalyzed by Pd(P t Bu3)(solv), whereas noncoordinating solvents lead to reaction at chloride through monoligated Pd(P t Bu3). The role of solvent coordination is supported by stoichiometric oxidative addition experiments, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and catalytic cross-coupling studies. Additional results suggest that anionic [Pd(P t Bu3)(X)]- is also relevant to triflate selectivity in certain scenarios, particularly when halide anions are available in high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Elias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University Bozeman Montana 59717 USA
| | - Steven M Rehbein
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University Bozeman Montana 59717 USA
| | - Sharon R Neufeldt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University Bozeman Montana 59717 USA
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Oechsner RM, Wagner JP, Fleischer I. Acetate Facilitated Nickel Catalyzed Coupling of Aryl Chlorides and Alkyl Thiols. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c04895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Regina M. Oechsner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - J. Philipp Wagner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ivana Fleischer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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19
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Lu J, Donnecke S, Paci I, Leitch DC. A reactivity model for oxidative addition to palladium enables quantitative predictions for catalytic cross-coupling reactions. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3477-3488. [PMID: 35432873 PMCID: PMC8943861 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00174h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Making accurate, quantitative predictions of chemical reactivity based on molecular structure is an unsolved problem in chemical synthesis, particularly for complex molecules. We report an approach to reactivity prediction for...
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Sofia Donnecke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - Irina Paci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
| | - David C Leitch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria 3800 Finnerty Rd Victoria BC V8P 5C2 Canada
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20
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Fujita T, Kobayashi Y, Takahashi I, Morioka R, Ichitsuka T, Ichikawa J. Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Allyl-Aryl Cross-Electrophile Coupling via Allylic C-F Bond Activation. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103643. [PMID: 34881467 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nickel-catalyzed reductive cross-coupling of allylic difluorides with aryl iodides was achieved via allylic C-F bond activation. Based on this protocol, a series of γ-arylated monofluoroalkenes were synthesized in moderate to high yields with high Z-selectivities. Mechanistic studies suggest that the C-I bonds of the aryl iodides and the C-F bonds of the allylic difluorides were cleaved via oxidative addition and β-fluorine elimination, respectively, where the oxidative addition of less reactive C-F bonds was avoided to permit their transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fujita
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yutaro Kobayashi
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Ikko Takahashi
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Morioka
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ichitsuka
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan.,Research Institute of Chemical Process Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sendai, Miyagi, 983-8551, Japan
| | - Junji Ichikawa
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8571, Japan
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21
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Abstract
AbstractChemoselective cross-coupling of phenol derivatives is valuable for generating products that retain halides. Here we discuss recent developments in selective cross-couplings of chloroaryl phenol derivatives, with a particular focus on reactions of chloroaryl tosylates. The first example of a C–O-selective Ni-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of chloroaryl tosylates is discussed in detail.1 Introduction2 Density Functional Theory Studies on Oxidative Addition at Nickel(0)3 Stoichiometric Oxidative Addition Studies4 Development of a Tosylate-Selective Suzuki Coupling5 Conclusion and Outlook
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