1
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Alzaidi O, Wirth T. Continuous Flow Electroselenocyclization of Allylamides and Unsaturated Oximes to Selenofunctionalized Oxazolines and Isoxazolines. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2024; 4:350-355. [PMID: 38855333 PMCID: PMC11157512 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.4c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of selenofunctionalized oxazolines and isoxazolines from N-allyl benzamides and unsaturated oximes with diselenides was studied by utilizing a continuous flow electrochemical approach. At mild reaction conditions and short reaction times of 10 min product yields of up to 90% were achieved including a scale-up reaction. A broad substrate scope was studied and the reaction was shown to have a wide functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ohud Alzaidi
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science –
Al Khurma, Taif University, P.O. Box
11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Wirth
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Main Building, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K.
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2
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Wang T, He F, Jiang W, Liu J. Electrohydrogenation of Nitriles with Amines by Cobalt Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316140. [PMID: 38124405 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic hydrogenation of nitriles represents an efficient and sustainable one-step synthesis of valuable bulk and fine chemicals. We report herein a molecular cobalt electrocatalyst for selective hydrogenative coupling of nitriles with amines using protons as the hydrogen source. The key to success for this reductive reaction is the use of an electrocatalytic approach for efficient cobalt-hydride generation through a sequence of cathodic reduction and protonation. As only electrons (e- ) and protons (H+ ) as the redox equivalent and hydrogen source, this general electrohydrogenation protocol is showcased by highly selective and straightforward synthesis of various functionalized and structurally diverse amines, as well as deuterium isotope labeling applications. Mechanistic studies reveal that the electrogenerated cobalt-hydride transfer to nitrile process is the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
| | - Fangfang He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
- Greater Bay Area Institute for Innovation, Hunan University, 511300, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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3
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Li P, Tian Y, Tian L, Wang Y. Selective electrochemical acceptorless dehydrogenation reactions of tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:725-730. [PMID: 38169000 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01930f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Selective dehydrogenation reactions of tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives through electrochemical oxidation are disclosed. In the presence of nitric acid, the selective partial dehydrogenation of tetrahydroisoquinolines to form 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines was achieved via anodic oxidation. The results of CV (Cyclic Voltammograms) experiments and DFT calculations showed the 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines protonated by an external Brønsted acid to be less prone than their unprotonated counterparts to oxidation under electrochemical conditions, thus avoiding their further dehydrogenation. Moreover, a TEMPO-mediated electrochemical oxidation enabled a complete dehydrogenation to yield fully aromatized isoquinolines. Thus, tunable processes involving electrochemical dehydrogenation of tetrahydroisoquinolines could be used to selectively produce various 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines and isoquinoline derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Yue Tian
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Lifang Tian
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Yahui Wang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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4
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Luo J, Luo Z, Zhang B, Zhao Q, Liu L, Liu Y. B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 -Catalyzed [2+3]-Cyclative o,m-diC-H Functionalization of Phenols. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301595. [PMID: 37759356 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Metal-free catalytic C-H functionalization is highly desired for the construction of C-C bonds. We herein report a highly chemoselective consecutive C-H [2+3]-cyclative functionalization for the simultaneous formation of two C-C bonds with construction of polycyclic phenols catalyzed by commercially available and low-cost B(C6 F5 )3 . This catalytic system tolerates a wide range of substrate scope, providing a series of 2,6,7,8-tetrahydroacenaphthylen-3-ol-type polycyclic compounds efficiently. Several derivatizations of the catalytic products have also been conducted to show the potential application of this method in synthesis of polycyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Luo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Zhou Luo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Biqi Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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5
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Jiang W, Wang B, Song C, Liu J. Electrocatalytic Desulfurizative Amination of Thioureas to Guanidines. J Org Chem 2023; 88:14601-14609. [PMID: 37788335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Guanidine has been known as an important class of N-containing molecules with a wide range of applications. Described here is a selective and efficient electrochemical approach to the synthesis of guanidines from easily accessible thioureas and amines. The key to success for this reaction is the in situ generation of a hypervalent iodine reagent as a catalyst from iodoarene by anodic oxidation. This mild desulfurizative amination presents ample substrate scope and good functional group tolerance without the use of extra stoichiometric chemical oxidants. As only electrons serve as the oxidation reagents, this method offers a more straightforward and sustainable manner toward versatile guanidines, including late-stage functionalization of pharmaceutically relevant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
| | - Chunlan Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, 410082, Changsha, China
- Greater Bay Area Institute for Innovation, Hunan University, Guangzhou 511300, Guangdong Province, China
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6
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Hayrapetyan D, Yussupova L, Kaipov A, Galyamova A. Electrochemical synthesis of spirocyclic morpholines and tetrahydrofurans via an oxidative dearomatisation strategy. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7090-7094. [PMID: 37605629 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01176c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Simple and scalable electrochemical oxidation of the electron-rich benzene ring followed by intramolecular capture of reactive cation-radical intermediates opens access to spirocyclic morpholines and tetrahydrofurans. The obtained molecules can be readily modified to value-added building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davit Hayrapetyan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave., 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Lyailya Yussupova
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave., 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Almaz Kaipov
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave., 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - Aigerim Galyamova
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave., 010000 Astana, Kazakhstan.
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7
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Li S, Fang L, Dou Q, Wang T, Cheng B. Recent advances in phosphorylation of hetero-nucleophilic reagents via P–H bond cleavage. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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8
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Lodh J, Paul S, Sun H, Song L, Schöfberger W, Roy S. Electrochemical organic reactions: A tutorial review. Front Chem 2023; 10:956502. [PMID: 36704620 PMCID: PMC9871948 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.956502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the core of electrochemistry involves simple oxidation and reduction reactions, it can be complicated in real electrochemical organic reactions. The principles used in electrochemical reactions have been derived using physical organic chemistry, which drives other organic/inorganic reactions. This review mainly comprises two themes: the first discusses the factors that help optimize an electrochemical reaction, including electrodes, supporting electrolytes, and electrochemical cell design, and the second outlines studies conducted in the field over a period of 10 years. Electrochemical reactions can be used as a versatile tool for synthetically important reactions by modifying the constant electrolysis current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyeeta Lodh
- Eco-Friendly Applied Materials Laboratory (EFAML), Materials Science Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Mohanpur Campus, Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shounik Paul
- Eco-Friendly Applied Materials Laboratory (EFAML), Materials Science Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Mohanpur Campus, Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - He Sun
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Laboratory for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis (LSusCat), Johannes Kepler University (JKU), Linz, Austria
| | - Luyang Song
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Laboratory for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis (LSusCat), Johannes Kepler University (JKU), Linz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Schöfberger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Laboratory for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis (LSusCat), Johannes Kepler University (JKU), Linz, Austria,*Correspondence: Wolfgang Schöfberger, ; Soumyajit Roy,
| | - Soumyajit Roy
- Eco-Friendly Applied Materials Laboratory (EFAML), Materials Science Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Mohanpur Campus, Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India,*Correspondence: Wolfgang Schöfberger, ; Soumyajit Roy,
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9
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Priyanka, Rani P, Kiran, Sindhu J. Indolizine: A Promising Framework for Developing a Diverse Array of C−H Functionalized Hybrids. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H CCSHAU Hisar 125004 India
| | - Payal Rani
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H CCSHAU Hisar 125004 India
| | - Kiran
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H CCSHAU Hisar 125004 India
| | - Jayant Sindhu
- Department of Chemistry, COBS&H CCSHAU Hisar 125004 India
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10
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Mitsudo K, Tachibana Y, Sato E, Suga S. Electrochemical Synthesis of Dibenzothiophenes via Intramolecular C-S Cyclization with a Halogen Mediator. Org Lett 2022; 24:8547-8552. [PMID: 36367294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical synthesis of dibenzothiophene derivatives was achieved. Several bis(biaryl) disulfides are efficiently converted to dibenzothiophenes by electrochemical oxidation. The use of Bu4NBr as a halogen mediator was essential, and wide varieties of dibenzothiophene derivatives were obtained in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Mitsudo
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yuri Tachibana
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Eisuke Sato
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Seiji Suga
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
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11
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Budnikova YH, Dolengovsky EL, Tarasov MV, Gryaznova TV. Recent advances in electrochemical C—H phosphorylation. Front Chem 2022; 10:1054116. [DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1054116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of C–H bond, and its direct one-step functionalization, is one of the key synthetic methodologies that provides direct access to a variety of practically significant compounds. Particular attention is focused on modifications obtained at the final stages of the synthesis of complicated molecules, which requires high tolerance to the presence of existing functional groups. Phosphorus is an indispensable element of life, and phosphorus chemistry is now experiencing a renaissance due to new emerging applications in medicinal chemistry, materials chemistry (polymers, flame retardants, organic electronics, and photonics), agricultural chemistry (herbicides, insecticides), catalysis (ligands) and other important areas of science and technology. In this regard, the search for new, more selective, low-waste synthetic routes become relevant. In this context, electrosynthesis has proven to be an eco-efficient and convenient approach in many respects, where the reagents are replaced by electrodes, where the reactants are replaced by electrodes, and the applied potential the applied potential determines their “oxidizing or reducing ability”. An electrochemical approach to such processes is being developed rapidly and demonstrates some advantages over traditional classical methods of C-H phosphorylation. The main reasons for success are the exclusion of excess reagents from the reaction system: such as oxidants, reducing agents, and sometimes metal and/or other improvers, which challenge isolation, increase the wastes and reduce the yield due to frequent incompatibility with these functional groups. Ideal conditions include electron as a reactant (regulated by applied potential) and the by-products as hydrogen or hydrocarbon. The review summarizes and analyzes the achievements of electrochemical methods for the preparation of various phosphorus derivatives with carbon-phosphorus bonds, and collects data on the redox properties of the most commonly used phosphorus precursors. Electrochemically induced reactions both with and without catalyst metals, where competitive oxidation of precursors leads to either the activation of C-H bond or to the generation of phosphorus-centered radicals (radical cations) or metal high oxidation states will be examined. The review focuses on publications from the past 5 years.
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12
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Sun K, Xu Z, Ramadoss V, Tian L, Wang Y. Electrochemical deoxygenative reduction of ketones. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11155-11158. [PMID: 36106949 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04548f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical reduction via paired electrolysis has been used to achieve deoxygenative reduction of ketones. As a result of the complexing of ketones with the triphenylphosphine radical cation generated by anodic oxidation, the reduction of carbonyl groups occurs readily. Through spontaneous β-scission of phosphoranyl radicals, C-O bonds are cleaved to form benzylic radical intermediates. These radical species are either able to abstract hydrogen from MeCN or undergo reduction at the cathode to give carbanions, upon workup forming reductive hydrogenation of ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunhui Sun
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Zhimin Xu
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Velayudham Ramadoss
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Lifang Tian
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
| | - Yahui Wang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China.
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13
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Liu L, Xu Z, Liu T, Xu C, Zhang W, Hua X, Ling F, Zhong W. Electrosynthesis of 2-Substituted Benzoxazoles via Intramolecular Shono-Type Oxidative Coupling of Glycine Derivatives. J Org Chem 2022; 87:11379-11386. [PMID: 35951541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein, an atom-economical and eco-friendly electrochemical oxidation/cyclization of glycine derivatives through intramolecular Shono-type oxidative coupling is disclosed, leading to a variety of 2-substituted benzoxazoles in 51-85% yields. This oxidative cyclization proceeded in transition metal- and oxidant-free conditions and generated H2 as only a byproduct. Additionally, gram-scale reactions and a broad substrate scope demonstrated the synthetic usefulness of this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang 161006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhui Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangqin Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangqi Hua
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Ling
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihui Zhong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, People's Republic of China
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14
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Fu ZM, Ye JS, Huang JM. Electrochemical Oxidative C(sp 2)-H Amination of Aldehyde Hydrazones with Azoles. Org Lett 2022; 24:5874-5878. [PMID: 35943430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A general and highly efficient method for the electrochemical C(sp2)-H amination of aldehyde hydrazones with azoles has been developed. This reaction proceeds under exogenous metal-, catalyst-, and oxidant-free conditions to provide aminated hydrazone derivatives in good to excellent yields. This strategy applies to both aromatic and aliphatic aldehyde hydrazones and tolerates a broad range of functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Mei Fu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Jian-Shan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
| | - Jing-Mei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, China
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15
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Ravindar L, Hasbullah SA, Hassan NI, Qin HL. Cross‐Coupling of C‐H and N‐H Bonds: a Hydrogen Evolution Strategy for the Construction of C‐N Bonds. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lekkala Ravindar
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Teknologi dan Sains Maklumat Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Siti Aishah Hasbullah
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Nurul Izzaty Hassan
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- Wuhan University of Technology School of Chemistry 430070 Hubei CHINA
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16
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Chang X, Chen X, Lu S, Zhao Y, Ma Y, Zhang D, Yang L, Sun P. Electrochemical [3+2] Cycloaddition of Anilines and 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds: Construction of Multisubstituted Indoles. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Chang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Institute of Chinese Materia Medica CHINA
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China CHINA
| | - Sixian Lu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Institute of Chinese Materia Medica CHINA
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica and Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, P. R. China CHINA
| | | | | | - Lan Yang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Institute of Chinese Materia Medica CHINA
| | - Peng Sun
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Institute of Chinese Materia Medica CHINA
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17
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Cai CY, Zheng YT, Li JF, Xu HC. Cu-Electrocatalytic Diazidation of Alkenes at ppm Catalyst Loading. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11980-11985. [PMID: 35772000 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The 1,2-diamine motif is prevalent in natural products, small-molecule pharmaceuticals, and catalysts for asymmetric synthesis. Transition metal catalyzed alkene diazidation has evolved to be an attractive strategy to access vicinal primary diamines but remains challenging, especially for practical applications, due to the restriction to a certain type of olefins, the frequent use of chemical oxidants, and the requirement for high loadings of metal catalysts (1 mol % or above). Herein we report a scalable Cu-electrocatalytic alkene diazidation reaction with 0.02 mol % (200 ppm) of copper(II) acetylacetonate as the precatalyst without exogenous ligands. In addition to its use of low catalyst loading, the electrocatalytic method is scalable, compatible with a broad range of functional groups, and applicable to the diazidation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and mono-, di-, tri-, and tetrasubstituted unactivated alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Tao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Fu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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18
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Li Z, Shuai B, Ma C, Fang P, Mei T. Nickel‐Catalyzed
Electroreductive Syntheses of Triphenylenes Using
ortho
‐Dihalobenzene‐Derived
Benzynes. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao‐Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Bin Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Cong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Ping Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Tian‐Sheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
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19
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Xing Q, Xiao F, Mao G, Deng GJ. A Four-Component Reaction for the Synthesis of Thienopyrrolediones under Transition Metal Free Conditions. Org Lett 2022; 24:4377-4382. [PMID: 35695322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A three-starting-material four-component reaction strategy is described to construct thienopyrrolediones (TPDs) from the simplest raw materials, elemental sulfur, aldehydes, and β-ketoamides, under transition metal free conditions. Compared with traditional multistep reaction sequences, this process is simple, efficient, environmentally friendly, and atom-economic and has laid the foundation for further development of an easily synthesized TPD unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyan Xing
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Green Organic Synthesis and Application, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Fuhong Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Green Organic Synthesis and Application, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Guojiang Mao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Guo-Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Application of Ministry of Education, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Green Organic Synthesis and Application, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
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20
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Zhuang W, Zhang J, Ma C, Wright JS, Zhang X, Ni SF, Huang Q. Scalable Electrochemical Aerobic Oxygenation of Indoles to Isatins without Electron Transfer Mediators by Merging with an Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Org Lett 2022; 24:4229-4233. [PMID: 35678516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An approach to electrochemical oxygenation of indoles leading to isatins was developed by merging with a complementary cathode oxygen reduction reaction. The features of this green protocol include the use of molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant, it being free of an electron transfer mediator, and gram-scale preparation. Mechanistic studies suggested a radical process, and the two oxygen atoms in the isatins were both most likely from molecular oxygen. A detailed mechanism of the reaction utilizing density functional theory calculations was elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihui Zhuang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - James S Wright
- Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, U.K
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, P. R. China
| | - Qiufeng Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, P. R. China
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21
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Electrochemically driven regioselective C-H phosphorylation of group 8 metallocenes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3496. [PMID: 35715392 PMCID: PMC9206016 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31178-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallocenes are privileged backbones for synthesis and catalysis. However, the direct dehydrogenative C−H functionalization of unsymmetric metallocenes suffers from reactivity and selectivity issues. Herein, we report an electrochemically driven regioselective C−H phosphorylation of group 8 metallocenes. Mechanistic investigations indicate this dehydrogenative cross coupling occurs through an electrophilic radical substitution of the metallocene with a phosphoryl radical, facilitated by the metallocene itself. This work not only offers an efficient and divergent synthesis of phosphorylated metallocenes, but also provides a guide to interpret the reactivity and regioselectivity for the C−H functionalization of unsymmetric metallocenes. Metallocene-based phosphines are compounds with potential use in catalysis. Here, the authors report the electrochemical regioselective functionalization of group 8 metallocenes with phosphine oxides; over 60 examples of phosphorylated (benzo)ferrocenes and ruthenocenes can be accessed via this method without the need for a preinstalled directing group.
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22
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Karmaker PG, huo F. Organic Selenocyanates: Rapid Advancements and Applications in the Field of Organic Chemistry. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pran Gopal Karmaker
- Neijiang Normal University Chemistry & Chemical Engineering 705#, Dongtong Road, Neijiang, China, 641100Neijiang Normal University 641100 Neijiang CHINA
| | - feng huo
- Neijiang Normal University Chemistry Dongtong Rood #705 641100 Neijiang CHINA
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23
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Chen Z, He Q, Guo H, Fan R. Anodic dearomatization of 2-alkynylanilines for the synthesis of multi-functionalized indoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6797-6800. [PMID: 35611853 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01766k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An anodic oxidative dearomatization reaction of 2-alkynylanilines was developed. The formed dearomatized compounds were used as versatile precursors in the synthesis of a variety of benzenoid ring multi-functionalized indoles through simple conversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuowen Chen
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qiuqin He
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China.,Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Renhua Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
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24
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Catalyst-free electrochemical dearomatization of pyridine derivatives. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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25
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Wang H, Wang Z, Zhao G, Ramadoss V, Tian L, Wang Y. Electrochemical Deoxygenative Barbier-Type Reaction. Org Lett 2022; 24:3668-3673. [PMID: 35579356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An effective deoxygenative C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond formation reaction is achieved through electrochemical reduction of alcoholic phosphates or sulfonates with aldehydes or ketones. Alcohol derivatives of phosphates undergo single-electron reduction under electrochemical conditions followed by a spontaneous cleavage of the C-O bond with the exothermic loss of phosphate resulting in an alkyl radical species. Subsequently, radical intermediates are further reduced to carbanions at the cathode, which are in situ trapped by carbonyl compounds, thus accomplishing a deoxygenative Barbier-type reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Guo Zhao
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Velayudham Ramadoss
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Lifang Tian
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yahui Wang
- Technical Institute of Fluorochemistry (TIF), State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering (MCE), School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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26
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Zhang Y, Ma C, Cai Z, Struwe J, Chen S, Xu J, Li S, Zeng W, Ackermann L. Electrooxidative tricyclic 6-7-6 fused-system domino assembly to allocolchicines by a removable radical strategy. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2022; 24:3697-3703. [PMID: 35694222 PMCID: PMC9086860 DOI: 10.1039/d2gc00684g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Natural allocolchicine and analogues derived thereof a tricyclic 6-7-6-system have been found as key scaffold of various biologically relevant molecules. However, the direct preparation of the allocolchicine motif remains difficult to date. Herein, we report on an electrooxidative radical cyclization of biarylynones with various carbon- and heteroatom-centered radical precursors via a sequential radical addition/7-endo-trig/radical cyclization domino reaction. This approach provides a step-economical and strategically novel disconnection for the facile assembly of a wide range of carbocyclic 6-7-6 fused ring systems. Remarkably, the sulfonyl group on the products could be easily removed by photocatalysis at room temperature with high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, and Drug discovery & innovation center, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University China
| | - Chanchan Ma
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, and Drug discovery & innovation center, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University China
| | - Zhenzhi Cai
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, and Drug discovery & innovation center, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University China
| | - Julia Struwe
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Germany
| | - Shengjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, and Drug discovery & innovation center, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University China
| | - Jinming Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, and Drug discovery & innovation center, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University China
| | - Shiyin Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, and Drug discovery & innovation center, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University China
| | - Wangyu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, and Drug discovery & innovation center, College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University China
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Germany
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27
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Sadowski B, Yuan B, Lin Z, Ackermann L. Rhodaelectro-Catalyzed peri-Selective Direct Alkenylations with Weak O-Coordination Enabled by the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202117188. [PMID: 35179817 PMCID: PMC9311442 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202117188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Direct C−H functionalizations by electrocatalysis is dominated by strongly coordinating N(sp2)‐directing groups. In sharp contrast, direct electrocatalytic transformations of weakly‐coordinating phenols remain underdeveloped. Herein, electrooxidative peri C−H alkenylations of challenging 1‐naphthols were achieved by versatile rhodium(III) catalysis via user‐friendly constant current electrolysis. The rhodaelectrocatalysis employed readily‐available alkenes and a protic reaction medium and features ample scope, good functional group tolerance and high site‐ and stereoselectivity. The strategy was successfully applied to high‐value, nitrogen‐containing heterocycles, thereby providing direct access to uncommon heterocyclic motifs based on the dihydropyranoquinoline skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Sadowski
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Binbin Yuan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Zhipeng Lin
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstraße 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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28
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Yang L, Zhang ZJ, Bongsuiru Jei B, Ackermann L. Electrochemical Cage Activation of Carboranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200323. [PMID: 35148009 PMCID: PMC9310615 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carboranes are boron–carbon molecular clusters that possess unique properties, such as their icosahedron geometry, high boron content, and delocalized three‐dimensional aromaticity. These features render carboranes valuable building blocks for applications in supramolecular design, nanomaterials, optoelectronics, organometallic coordination chemistry, and as boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) agents. Despite tremendous progress in this field, stoichiometric chemical redox reagents are largely required for the oxidative activation of carborane cages. In this context, electrosyntheses represent an alternative strategy for more sustainable molecular syntheses. It is only in recent few years that considerable progress has been made in electrochemical cage functionalization of carboranes, which are summarized in this Minireview. We anticipate that electrocatalysis will serve as an increasingly powerful stimulus within the current renaissance of carborane electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Zi-Jing Zhang
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Becky Bongsuiru Jei
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Gottingen, Germany.,Woehler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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29
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Bityukov OV, Kirillov AS, Serdyuchenko PY, Kuznetsova MA, Demidova VN, Vil' VA, Terent'ev AO. Electrochemical thiocyanation of barbituric acids. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3629-3636. [PMID: 35420113 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00343k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical thiocyanation of barbituric acids with NH4SCN was disclosed in an undivided cell under constant current conditions. The electrosynthesis is the most efficient at a record high current density (janode ≈50-70 mA cm-2). NH4SCN has a dual role as the source of the SCN group and as the electrolyte. Electrochemical thiocyanation of barbituric acids starts with the generation of (SCN)2 from the thiocyanate anion. The addition of thiocyanogen to the double bond of the enol tautomer of barbituric acid gives thiocyanated barbituric acid. A variety of thiocyanated barbituric acids bearing different functional groups were obtained in 18-95% yields and were shown to exhibit promising antifungal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V Bityukov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Andrey S Kirillov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Pavel Yu Serdyuchenko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation. .,D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya Square, Moscow 125047, Russian Federation
| | - Maria A Kuznetsova
- All-Russian Research Institute for Phytopathology, B. Vyazyomy, 143050, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Valentina N Demidova
- All-Russian Research Institute for Phytopathology, B. Vyazyomy, 143050, Moscow Region, Russian Federation
| | - Vera A Vil'
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander O Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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30
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Bi H, Zhou Y, Jiang W, Liu J. Electrophotocatalytic C−H Hydroxyalkylation of Heteroaromatics with Aldehydes. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huihua Bi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology Hunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology Hunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology Hunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecular Chemical Biology Hunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics Hunan University Changsha 410082 People's Republic of China
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31
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de Souza AAN, Bartolomeu ADA, Brocksom TJ, Noël T, de Oliveira KT. Direct Synthesis of α-Sulfenylated Ketones under Electrochemical Conditions. J Org Chem 2022; 87:5856-5865. [PMID: 35417160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the electrochemical sulfenylation reaction in both batch and continuous flow regimes, involving thiophenols/thiols and enol-acetates to yield α-sulfenylated ketones, without using additional oxidants or catalysts. Studies with different electrolytes were also performed, revealing that quaternary ammonium salts are the best mediators for this reaction. Notably, during the study of the reaction scope, a Boc-cysteine proved to be extremely tolerant to our protocol, thus increasing its relevance. The methodology also proved to be scalable in both batch and continuous flow conditions, opening up possibilities for further studies since these relevant functional groups are important moieties in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline A N de Souza
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Aloisio de A Bartolomeu
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Timothy J Brocksom
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Timothy Noël
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam (UVA), Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Kleber T de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
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32
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Long CJ, He YH, Guan Z. Asymmetric oxidative Mannich reactions promoted by photocatalysis and electrochemistry. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2544-2561. [PMID: 35266948 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00054g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The asymmetric Mannich reaction is an essential method in contemporary organic chemistry. As a representative of clean and green synthesis methods, photochemical and electrochemical oxidation strategies have re-emerged in recent years, providing new ideas for asymmetric Mannich reactions. Numerous chiral β-amino carbonyl compounds have been accessed in satisfactory yields with excellent enantioselectivity via such novel asymmetric oxidative Mannich reactions. This minireview highlights plentiful advances in asymmetric oxidative Mannich reactions that rely on photoredox or anodic-oxidation and covers the literature from 2014 to date. Furthermore, the future development of this field is envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Jiu Long
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yan-Hong He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Zhi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Chongqing Municipality, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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33
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Pokhrel T, B K B, Giri R, Adhikari A, Ahmed N. C-H Bond Functionalization under Electrochemical Flow Conditions. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202100338. [PMID: 35315954 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical C-H functionalization is a rapidly growing area of interest in organic synthesis. To achieve maximum atom economy, the flow electrolysis process is more sustainable. This allows shorter reaction times, safer working environments, and better selectivities. Using this technology, the problem of overoxidation can be reduced and less emergence of side products or no side products are possible. Flow electro-reactors provide high surface-to-volume ratios and contain electrodes that are closely spaced where the diffusion layers overlap to give the desired product, electrochemical processes can now be managed without the need for a deliberately added supporting electrolyte. Considering the importance of flow electrochemical C-H functionalization, a comprehensive review is presented. Herein, we summarize flow electrolysis for the construction of C-C and C-X (X=O, N, S, and I) bonds formation. Also, benzylic oxidation and access to biologically active molecules are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamlal Pokhrel
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, 44618, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Bijaya B K
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, 44618, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ramesh Giri
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, 44618, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Achyut Adhikari
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, 44618, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Nisar Ahmed
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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34
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Liang Y, Niu L, Liang X, Wang S, Wang P, Lei A. Electrooxidation‐Induced
C(sp
3
)‐H/ C(sp
2
)‐H
Radical‐Radical
Cross‐coupling between Xanthanes and Electron‐rich Arenes. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Liang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Linbin Niu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Xing‐An Liang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Shengchun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
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35
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Sadowski B, Yuan B, Lin Z, Ackermann L. Rhodaelectro‐catalyzed peri‐selective direct alkenylations with weak O‐coordination enabled by hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202117188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Binbin Yuan
- University of Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen IOBC GERMANY
| | - Zhipeng Lin
- University of Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen IOBC GERMANY
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Georg-August-Universitaet Goettingen Institut fuer Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Tammannstr. 2 37077 Goettingen GERMANY
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36
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Yang L, Zhang ZJ, Jei BB, Ackermann L. Electrochemical Cage Activation of Carboranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- University of Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen IOBC GERMANY
| | - Zi-Jing Zhang
- University of Göttingen: Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen IOBC GERMANY
| | | | - Lutz Ackermann
- Georg-August-Universitaet Goettingen Institut fuer Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie Tammannstr. 2 37077 Goettingen GERMANY
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37
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Tao SK, Chen SY, Feng ML, Xu JQ, Yuan ML, Fu HY, Li RX, Chen H, Zheng XL, Yu XQ. Electrochemical Cross-Dehydrogenative Aromatization Protocol for the Synthesis of Aromatic Amines. Org Lett 2022; 24:1011-1016. [PMID: 35057623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c04129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of amines onto aromatics without metal catalysts and chemical oxidants is synthetically challenging. Herein, we report the first example of an electrochemical cross-dehydrogenative aromatization (ECDA) reaction of saturated cyclohexanones and amines to construct anilines without additional metal catalysts and chemical oxidants. This reaction exhibits a broad scope of cyclohexanones including heterocyclic ketones, affording a variety of aromatic amines with various functionalities, and shows great potential in the synthesis of biologically active compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Kun Tao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Shan-Yong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Mei-Lin Feng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Qi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Mao-Lin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Rui-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Li Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
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Vil' V, Grishin S, Baberkina E, Alekseenko A, Glinushkin A, Kovalenko A, Terent'ev A. Electrochemical Synthesis of Tetrahydroquinolines from Imines and Cyclic Ethers via Oxidation/Aza‐Diels‐Alder Cycloaddition. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Vil'
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Sergei Grishin
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Elena Baberkina
- Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Anna Alekseenko
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | | | - Alexey Kovalenko
- Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia RUSSIAN FEDERATION
| | - Alexander Terent'ev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences RUSSIAN FEDERATION
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39
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Munda M, Niyogi S, Shaw K, Kundu S, Nandi R, Bisai A. Electrocatalysis as a key strategy for the total synthesis of natural products. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:727-748. [PMID: 34989383 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02115j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical strategies have been a powerful approach for the synthesis of valuable intermediates, in particular heterocyclic motifs. Because of the mild nature, a wide range of nonclassical bond disconnections have been achieved via in situ-generated radical intermediates in a highly efficient manner. In particular, anodic electrochemical oxidative strategies have been utilized for the total synthesis of many structurally intriguing natural products. In this review article, we have discussed a number of total syntheses of structurally intriguing alkaloids and terpenoids in which electrochemical processes play an important role as a key methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mintu Munda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sovan Niyogi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia-741246, West Bengal, India.
| | - Kundan Shaw
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sourav Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rhituparna Nandi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Alakesh Bisai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal - 462 066, Madhya Pradesh, India.,Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia-741246, West Bengal, India.
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40
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Wang H, Yu M, Zhang P, Wan H, Cong H, Lei A. Electrochemical dual-oxidation strategy enables access to α-chlorosulfoxides from sulfides. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:79-84. [PMID: 36545963 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemistry contributes a strong tool for the manufacture of molecules, addressing intractable challenges in synthetic chemistry by enabling innovative reaction pathways. Herein, a bifunctional reagent, aqueous hydrochloric acid, is used to establish an electrochemical selective dual-oxidation approach that gives access to α-chlorosulfoxides from sulfides. This strategy presents broad substrate scope, high diastereoselectivity, and regioselectivity. The late-stage modification of amino acids and pharmaceutical derivatives further highlights the utility. Furthermore, detailed mechanistic studies reveal that the key success for this selective chemical transformation is the dual-oxidation process at the anode. This electrochemical dual-oxidation strategy may have wide universality; we anticipate diverse applications of this protocol across the many fields of chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamin Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Mingming Yu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Panyue Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hao Wan
- National Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Hengjiang Cong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Aiwen Lei
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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41
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Peng Q, Xu L, Wang W, Zhang L, Tang L, Liu J, Sheng L. Electrochemical synthesis of dipyrazolo/dipyrimidine-fused pyridines via oxidative domino cyclization of C(sp3)–H bonds. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01641e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemically oxidative domino cyclization reaction of methyl azaarenes/ketones with pyrazol-5-amines and 6-amino-pyrimidine-2,4-diones was developed, providing a variety of dipyrazolo[3,4-b:4',3'-e]pyridines and dipyrimidine-fused pyridines with moderate to good yields. The reaction...
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42
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Karmaker PG, Alam MA, Huo F. Recent advances in photochemical and electrochemically induced thiocyanation: a greener approach for SCN-containing compound formation. RSC Adv 2022; 12:6214-6233. [PMID: 35424569 PMCID: PMC8981651 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09060g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Techniques utilizing photo- and electrochemically induced reactions have been developed to accelerate organic processes. These techniques use light or electrical energy (electron transfer) as a direct energy source without using an initiator or reagent. Thiocyanates are found in biologically active and pharmacological compounds and can be converted into various functional groups. It is one of the most prominent organic scaffolds. Significant development in photo- and electro-chemically induced thiocyanation procedures has been made in recent years for the conception of carbon-sulfur bonds and synthesis of pharmaceutically important molecules. This review discusses different photo- and electro-chemically driven thiocyanation C(sp3)–SCN, C(sp2)–SCN, and C(sp)–SCN bond conception processes that may be useful to green organothiocyanate synthesis. We focus on the synthetic and mechanistic characteristics of organic photo- and electrochemically accelerated C–SCN bond formation thiocyanation reactions to highlight major advances in this novel green and sustainable research field. Techniques utilizing photo- and electrochemically induced reactions have been developed to accelerate organic processes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pran Gopal Karmaker
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analytical Testing Center, Institute of Micro & Nano Intelligent Sensing, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, P. R. China
| | - Md. Asraful Alam
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Feng Huo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analytical Testing Center, Institute of Micro & Nano Intelligent Sensing, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, P. R. China
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43
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Panja S, Ahsan S, Pal T, Kolb S, Ali W, Sharma S, Das C, Grover J, Dutta A, Werz DB, Paul A, Maiti D. Non-directed Pd-catalysed electrooxidative olefination of arenes. Chem Sci 2022; 13:9432-9439. [PMID: 36093017 PMCID: PMC9383708 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03288k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fujiwara–Moritani reaction is a powerful tool for the olefination of arenes by Pd-catalysed C–H activation. However, the need for superstoichiometric amounts of toxic chemical oxidants makes the reaction unattractive from an environmental and atom-economical view. Herein, we report the first non-directed and regioselective olefination of simple arenes via an electrooxidative Fujiwara–Moritani reaction. The versatility of this operator-friendly approach was demonstrated by a broad substrate scope which includes arenes, heteroarenes and a variety of olefins. Electroanalytical studies suggest the involvement of a Pd(ii)/Pd(iv) catalytic cycle via a Pd(iii) intermediate. The Fujiwara–Moritani reaction using electric current is a powerful tool for the olefination of arenes by Pd-catalysed C–H activation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Subir Panja
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry and IDP, Climate Studies, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Salman Ahsan
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Department of Chemistry, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Tanay Pal
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry and IDP, Climate Studies, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Simon Kolb
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Wajid Ali
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry and IDP, Climate Studies, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sulekha Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Department of Chemistry, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Chandan Das
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry and IDP, Climate Studies, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Jagrit Grover
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry and IDP, Climate Studies, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Arnab Dutta
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry and IDP, Climate Studies, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Amit Paul
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Department of Chemistry, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Debabrata Maiti
- IIT Bombay, Department of Chemistry and IDP, Climate Studies, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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44
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Khodonov VM, Kudinova AS, Kokorekin VA, Petrosyan VA, Egorov MP. Effective metal-free electrooxidative thiocyanation of anilines. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2022.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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45
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Xie W, Chen X, Li Y, Lin J, Chen W, Shi J. Electrooxidative Annulation of Unsaturated Molecules via Directed C—H Activation. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202110028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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46
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Hou X, Kaplaneris N, Yuan B, Frey J, Ohyama T, Messinis AM, Ackermann L. Ruthenaelectro-Catalyzed C–H Acyloxylation for Late-Stage Tyrosine and Oligopeptide Diversification. Chem Sci 2022; 13:3461-3467. [PMID: 35432858 PMCID: PMC8943857 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc07267f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruthenaelectro(ii/iv)-catalyzed intermolecular C–H acyloxylations of phenols have been developed by guidance of experimental, CV and computational insights. The use of electricity bypassed the need for stoichiometric chemical oxidants. The sustainable electrocatalysis strategy was characterized by ample scope, and its unique robustness enabled the late-stage C–H diversification of tyrosine-derived peptides. Ruthenaelectro(ii/iv)-catalyzed intermolecular C–H acyloxylations of oligopeptides have been developed by the guidance of key experimental, CV and computational insights.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Hou
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Nikolaos Kaplaneris
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Binbin Yuan
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Johanna Frey
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Tsuyoshi Ohyama
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Antonis M Messinis
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tammannstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) Potsdamer Straße 58 10785 Berlin Germany
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47
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Choi I, Messinis AM, Hou X, Ackermann L. A Strategy for Site‐ and Chemoselective C−H Alkenylation through Osmaelectrooxidative Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Choi
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh) Georg-August-Universität Tammanstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Antonis M. Messinis
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh) Georg-August-Universität Tammanstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Xiaoyan Hou
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh) Georg-August-Universität Tammanstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh) Georg-August-Universität Tammanstraße 2 37077 Göttingen Germany
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48
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Choi I, Messinis AM, Hou X, Ackermann L. A Strategy for Site- and Chemoselective C-H Alkenylation through Osmaelectrooxidative Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:27005-27012. [PMID: 34665924 PMCID: PMC9298884 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we disclose osmaelectrocatalyzed C-H activations that set the stage for electrooxidative alkyne annulations by benzoic acids. The osmium electrocatalysis enables site- and chemoselective electrooxidative C-H activations with unique levels of selectivity. The isolation of unprecedented osmium(0) and osmium(II) intermediates, along with crystallographic characterization and analyses by spectrometric and spectroscopic in operando techniques delineate a synergistic osmium redox catalyst regime. Detailed mechanistic studies revealed a facile C-H cleavage, which allows for an ample substrate scope, providing provide robust and user-friendly access to annulated heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Choi
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-UniversitätTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Antonis M. Messinis
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-UniversitätTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Xiaoyan Hou
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-UniversitätTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh)Georg-August-UniversitätTammanstraße 237077GöttingenGermany
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49
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Ma C, Fang P, Liu ZR, Xu SS, Xu K, Cheng X, Lei A, Xu HC, Zeng C, Mei TS. Recent advances in organic electrosynthesis employing transition metal complexes as electrocatalysts. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:2412-2429. [PMID: 36654127 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrosynthesis has been widely used as an environmentally conscious alternative to conventional methods for redox reactions because it utilizes electric current as a traceless redox agent instead of chemical redox agents. Indirect electrolysis employing a redox catalyst has received tremendous attention, since it provides various advantages compared to direct electrolysis. With indirect electrolysis, overpotential of electron transfer can be avoided, which is inherently milder, thus wide functional group tolerance can be achieved. Additionally, chemoselectivity, regioselectivity, and stereoselectivity can be tuned by the redox catalysts used in indirect electrolysis. Furthermore, electrode passivation can be avoided by preventing the formation of polymer films on the electrode surface. Common redox catalysts include N-oxyl radicals, hypervalent iodine species, halides, amines, benzoquinones (such as DDQ and tetrachlorobenzoquinone), and transition metals. In recent years, great progress has been made in the field of indirect organic electrosynthesis using transition metals as redox catalysts for reaction classes including C-H functionalization, radical cyclization, and cross-coupling of aryl halides-each owing to the diverse reactivity and accessible oxidation states of transition metals. Although various reviews of organic electrosynthesis are available, there is a lack of articles that focus on recent research progress in the area of indirect electrolysis using transition metals, which is the impetus for this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ping Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhao-Ran Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shi-Shuo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kun Xu
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Xu Cheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Aiwen Lei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Hai-Chao Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Chengchu Zeng
- Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Tian-Sheng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
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50
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Wu Y, Xu S, Wang H, Shao D, Qi Q, Lu Y, Ma L, Zhou J, Hu W, Gao W, Chen J. Directing Group Enables Electrochemical Selectively Meta-Bromination of Pyridines under Mild Conditions. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16144-16150. [PMID: 34128672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Without the use of catalysts and oxidants, a facile and sustainable electrochemical bromination protocol was developed. By introducing the directing groups, the regioselectivity of pyridine derivatives could be controlled at the meta-position utilizing the inexpensive and safe bromine salts at room temperature. A variety of brominated pyridine derivatives were obtained in 28-95% yields, and the reaction could be readily performed at a gram scale. By combining the installation and removing the directing group, the concept of meta-bromination of pyridines could be verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Wu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanghui Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxu Shao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiqi Qi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Lu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China.,Archives of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbin Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, People's Republic of China
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