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Kato S, Koshino A, Lasota J, Komura M, Wang C, Ebi M, Ogasawara N, Kojima K, Tsuzuki T, Kasai K, Takahashi S, Miettinen M, Kasugai K, Inaguma S. Use of SATB2 and CDX2 Immunohistochemistry to Characterize and Diagnose Colorectal Cancer. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2024; 32:362-370. [PMID: 39076030 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
SATB2 has been reported to be highly specific for lower gastrointestinal tract tumors. On the basis of its ileum-colon conversion effects, which involve the activation of colonic genes in cooperation with CDX2 and HNF4A, we hypothesized that SATB2 and CDX2 might define the characteristics of colorectal cancers (CRCs). In the present study, the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of 269 CRCs were analyzed according to SATB2 and CDX2 expression. CRCs with SATB2- and/or CDX2- phenotypes showed associations with poorly differentiated histotypes ( P <0.00001), mucus production ( P =0.0019), and mismatch repair-deficient phenotypes ( P <0.00001). SATB2-/CDX2- CRCs were significantly associated with CK20-negativity, with or without CK7 expression ( P <0.00001), as well as with MUC5AC-positivity ( P <0.00001), and CD10-negativity ( P =0.00047). Negativity for SATB2 or CDX2 was associated with the expression of PD-L1 in both all CRC ( P <0.00001) and mismatch repair-proficient CRC ( P =0.000091). Multivariate Cox hazard regression analysis identified negativity for SATB2 and/or CDX2 as potential independent risk factors for patients with CRC. Regarding the diagnostic utility of SATB2, all of the 44 CRC metastases could be diagnosed as colorectal in origin if the immunohistochemical phenotypes (including CK7, CK20, and p53) of the primary lesions and patient history were considered. Among the other 684 tumors, we were unable to distinguish a case of CK7-/CK20+/CDX2+/SATB2+ ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma from metastatic CRC without the patient history and clinical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Kato
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology
| | - Akira Koshino
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology
| | - Jerzy Lasota
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Masayuki Komura
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Chengbo Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Masahide Ebi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology
| | | | | | | | - Kenji Kasai
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Markku Miettinen
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Kunio Kasugai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology
| | - Shingo Inaguma
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
- Pathology, Nagoya City University East Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
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2
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Ugai T, Shimizu T, Kawamura H, Ugai S, Takashima Y, Usui G, Väyrynen JP, Okadome K, Haruki K, Akimoto N, Masugi Y, da Silva A, Mima K, Zhang X, Chan AT, Wang M, Garrett WS, Freeman GJ, Meyerhardt JA, Nowak JA, Song M, Giannakis M, Ogino S. Inverse relationship between Fusobacterium nucleatum amount and tumor CD274 (PD-L1) expression in colorectal carcinoma. Clin Transl Immunology 2023; 12:e1453. [PMID: 37538192 PMCID: PMC10394676 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The CD274 (programmed cell death 1 ligand 1, PD-L1)/PDCD1 (programmed cell death 1, PD-1) immune checkpoint axis is known to regulate the antitumor immune response. Evidence also supports an immunosuppressive effect of Fusobacterium nucleatum. We hypothesised that tumor CD274 overexpression might be inversely associated with abundance of F. nucleatum in colorectal carcinoma. Methods We assessed tumor CD274 expression by immunohistochemistry and F. nucleatum DNA within tumor tissue by quantitative PCR in 812 cases among 4465 incident rectal and colon cancer cases that had occurred in two prospective cohort studies. Multivariable logistic regression analyses with inverse probability weighting were used to adjust for selection bias because of tissue data availability and potential confounders including microsatellite instability status, CpG island methylator phenotype, LINE-1 methylation level and KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations. Results Fusobacterium nucleatum DNA was detected in tumor tissue in 109 (13%) cases. Tumor CD274 expression level was inversely associated with the amount of F. nucleatum in colorectal cancer tissue (P = 0.0077). For one category-unit increase in three ordinal F. nucleatum categories (negative vs. low vs. high), multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (with 95% confidence interval) of the low, intermediate and high CD274 categories (vs. negative) were 0.78 (0.41-1.51), 0.64 (0.32-1.28) and 0.50 (0.25-0.99), respectively (P trend = 0.032). Conclusions Tumor CD274 expression level was inversely associated with the amount of F. nucleatum in colorectal cancer tissue, suggesting that different immunosuppressive mechanisms (i.e. PDCD1 immune checkpoint activation and tumor F. nucleatum enrichment) tend to be used by different tumor subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Ugai
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of PathologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - Takashi Shimizu
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of PathologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Hidetaka Kawamura
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of PathologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Satoko Ugai
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - Yasutoshi Takashima
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of PathologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Genki Usui
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of PathologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Juha P Väyrynen
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of PathologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center OuluOulu University Hospital and University of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Kazuo Okadome
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of PathologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Koichiro Haruki
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of PathologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Naohiko Akimoto
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of PathologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Yohei Masugi
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of PathologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | | | - Kosuke Mima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Department of NutritionHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology UnitMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Division of GastroenterologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious DiseasesHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - Molin Wang
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Department of BiostatisticsHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Department of Immunology and Infectious DiseasesHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
- Department of Molecular MetabolismHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
- Harvard T.H. Chan Microbiome in Public Health CenterBostonMAUSA
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Jeffrey A Meyerhardt
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of PathologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of NutritionHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology UnitMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Division of GastroenterologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
- Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of PathologyBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
- Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
- Cancer Immunology and Cancer Epidemiology ProgramsDana‐Farber Harvard Cancer CenterBostonMAUSA
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DAL Z, ARU B. The role of curcumin on apoptosis and NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis on colorectal cancer in vitro. Turk J Med Sci 2023; 53:883-893. [PMID: 38031951 PMCID: PMC10760590 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Many factors such as stress, lifestyle, and dietary habits are known to play a role in the initiation and progression of the disease. Herbal therapeutic agents including curcumin can hold a great potential against cancer treatment; however, their efficacy on CRC is still under investigation. Herein, we evaluated the anticancer mechanism of curcumin on four different CRC cell lines. METHODS Cells were treated with curcumin for 24, 48 and 72 h, and IC50 doses for each cell line were calculated. Mechanistic studies were conducted with the lowest IC50 dose determined for each cell line by evaluating apoptosis and necrosis, cell division, and NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis. RESULTS Curcumin treatment significantly decreased viability while increasing the SubG1 phase in all cell lines tested, indicating apoptosis is the main programmed cell death pathway activated upon curcumin treatment in CRC. In terms of pyroptosis, components of NLRP3 inflammasome were found to be elevated in SW480 and HCT116 cell lines, although to a lesser extent in the latter, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation was not observed in LoVo and HT29 cells. DISCUSSION Our results reveal that while curcumin effectively induces apoptosis, its effects on NLRP3-inflammasome mediated pyroptosis vary. Our results underline the need for further research focusing on the other inflammasome complexes to confirm the differential effects of curcumin on CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep DAL
- 6th Phase Student, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
| | - Başak ARU
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, İstanbul,
Turkiye
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4
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Sampaio-Ribeiro G, Ruivo A, Silva A, Santos AL, Oliveira RC, Gama J, Cipriano MA, Tralhão JG, Paiva A. Innate Immune Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment of Liver Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer: Contribution to a Comprehensive Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3222. [PMID: 37370832 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent type of cancer, and liver metastasis is the most common site of metastatic development. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), various innate immune cells are known to influence cancer progression and metastasis occurrence. CD274 (PD-L1) and CD206 (MRC1) are proteins that have been associated with poor prognosis and disease progression. We conducted a study on tumoral and non-tumoral biopsies from 47 patients with CRC liver metastasis, using flow cytometry to phenotypically characterize innate immune cells. Our findings showed an increase in the expression of CD274 on classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocytes when comparing tumor with non-tumor samples. Furthermore, tumor samples with a desmoplastic growth pattern exhibited a significantly decreased percentage of CD274- and CD206-positive cells in all monocyte populations compared to non-desmoplastic samples. We found a correlation between a lower expression of CD206 or CD274 on classical, intermediate, and non-classical monocytes and increased disease-free survival, which points to a better prognosis for these patients. In conclusion, our study has identified potential new targets and biomarkers that could be incorporated into a personalized medicine approach to enhance the outcome for colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Sampaio-Ribeiro
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra EPE, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Ruivo
- Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Silva
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra EPE, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Lúcia Santos
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra EPE, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui Caetano Oliveira
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Germano de Sousa-Centro de Diagnóstico Histopatológico CEDAP, 3000-377 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre of Investigation on Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Gama
- Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Augusta Cipriano
- Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Guilherme Tralhão
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Surgery Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Centre of Investigation on Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical and Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur Paiva
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Clinical Pathology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra EPE, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Ciências Biomédicas Laboratoriais, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
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5
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Yamada S, Osakabe M, Uesugi N, Yanagawa N, Matsumoto T, Suzuki H, Sugai T. Genome-wide analysis of colorectal cancer based on gene-based somatic copy number alterations during neoplastic progression within the same tumor. Cancer Med 2023; 12:4446-4454. [PMID: 35920319 PMCID: PMC9972084 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to elucidate the association between neoplastic progression and somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) occurring within the same colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor. METHODS We investigated SCNAs to identify the progression from a high-grade intramucosal lesion (HGIL) to an invasive front lesion (IFL), via an invasive submucosal lesion (ISL), within the same tumor using a crypt isolation method combined with a SNP array. Immunohistochemistry was also performed. RESULTS We identified 51 amplified genes that potentially promote progression from HGIL to ISL and 6 amplified genes involved in the progression from ISL to IFL. Of the 51 genes involved in HGIL to ISL progression, TORC1, MSLN, and STUB1, which are closely associated with CRC, were identified as candidate markers of submucosal invasion. However, no candidate genes were identified among the six genes associated with ISL to IFL progression. In addition, the number of total SCNAs and the number of gains were correlated with cancer progression (from HGIL to IFL). Finally, immunohistochemistry revealed higher expression of TORC1, MSLN, and STUB1 in ISL than in HGIL. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that specific SCNAs are required for acquisition of invasive ability in CRC, and the affected genes are potential markers of invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yamada
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of MedicineIwate Medical UniversityYahabaJapan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal MedicineIwate Medical UniversityYahabaJapan
| | - Mitsumasa Osakabe
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of MedicineIwate Medical UniversityYahabaJapan
| | - Noriyuki Uesugi
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of MedicineIwate Medical UniversityYahabaJapan
| | - Naoki Yanagawa
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of MedicineIwate Medical UniversityYahabaJapan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal MedicineIwate Medical UniversityYahabaJapan
| | - Hiromu Suzuki
- Department of Molecular BiologySapporo Medical UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Tamotsu Sugai
- Department of Molecular Diagnostic Pathology, School of MedicineIwate Medical UniversityYahabaJapan
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6
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Ueki A, Komura M, Koshino A, Wang C, Nagao K, Homochi M, Tsukada Y, Ebi M, Ogasawara N, Tsuzuki T, Kasai K, Kasugai K, Takahashi S, Inaguma S. Stromal POSTN Enhances Motility of Both Cancer and Stromal Cells and Predicts Poor Survival in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030606. [PMID: 36765564 PMCID: PMC9913098 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence for the tumor-supporting capacities of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) has rapidly been accumulating. To uncover clinicopathological importance of periostin (POSTN) expression in colorectal cancer (CRC), the present study immunohistochemically examined its expression status. Furthermore, to reveal its mechanisms involved, molecular experiments were performed. In CRC tissues, 44% of the cases (119/269) exhibited POSTN expression in the CAFs. In contrast, CRC cells expressed POSTN at almost undetectable levels. Survival analyses identified that patients with POSTN-positive CRC had a significantly worse 5-year survival rate (63.2% vs. 81.2%; p = 0.011). Univariate analyses revealed that POSTN positivity was associated with peritoneal (p = 0.0031) and distant organ metastasis (p < 0.001). Furthermore, immunohistochemical analyses identified a significant association between POSTN and p53 complete loss status in CRC cells. Decorin and fibroblast activation protein expression in CAFs was also associated with POSTN. POSTN significantly enhanced the migration of both CRC cells and fibroblasts with FAK and AKT or STAT3 activation, and co-culture assays demonstrated the communication between CRC cells and fibroblasts, which enhanced STAT3 activation in fibroblasts. On the basis of our results, we speculated that stromal POSTN accelerated metastasis via stromal remodeling capacity and activated the migration of both tumor and stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Ueki
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Masayuki Komura
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Akira Koshino
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 408-1195, Japan
| | - Chengbo Wang
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nagao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 408-1195, Japan
| | - Mai Homochi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Yuki Tsukada
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Masahide Ebi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 408-1195, Japan
| | - Naotaka Ogasawara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 408-1195, Japan
| | - Toyonori Tsuzuki
- Surgical Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 408-1195, Japan
| | - Kenji Kasai
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 408-1195, Japan
| | - Kunio Kasugai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 408-1195, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Shingo Inaguma
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 408-1195, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya City University East Medical Center, Nagoya 464-8547, Japan
- Correspondence:
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7
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Koshino A, Nagano A, Ota A, Hyodo T, Ueki A, Komura M, Sugimura-Nagata A, Ebi M, Ogasawara N, Kasai K, Hosokawa Y, Kasugai K, Takahashi S, Inaguma S. PBK Enhances Cellular Proliferation With Histone H3 Phosphorylation and Suppresses Migration and Invasion With CDH1 Stabilization in Colorectal Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:772926. [PMID: 35115926 PMCID: PMC8804381 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.772926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent gastrointestinal malignancies with high morbidity and mortality rates. Several biological markers for the prognostication of patient outcome of CRCs are available. Recently, our group identified two favorable factors for the survival of CRC patients: PDZ-binding kinase (PBK) and phospho-histone H3 (PHH3). Both showed a significant inverse association to pT stage. The aim of this study was to uncover the mechanism through which these cellular proliferation–associated protein expressions lead to favorable clinical outcome in CRC patients. We first confirmed co-expression of PBK and PHH3 in CRC cells. Further investigation showed that aberrantly expressed PBK up-regulated the cellular proliferation of CRC cells with accumulation of PHH3. The PBK inhibitor OTS514 suppressed cellular proliferation of CRC cells through down-regulation of PHH3 and induction of apoptosis. In vitro studies revealed that PBK suppressed the migration and invasion of CRC cells with suppression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and CDH1 stabilization. Exogeneous PBK up-regulated the phosphorylated CDH1 at S840, S846, and S847 residues in cultured cells. Recombinant PBK directly phosphorylated HH3; however, it failed to phosphorylate CDH1 directly in vitro. The present study demonstrated the association of two markers PBK and PHH3 in CRC. We further identified one of the potential mechanisms by which higher expression of these cellular proliferation–associated proteins leads to the better survival of CRC patients, which likely involves PBK-mediated suppression of the migration and invasion of CRC cells. Our findings suggest that PBK-targeting therapeutics may be useful for the treatment of CRC patients with PBK-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Koshino
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Aya Nagano
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akinobu Ota
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Toshinori Hyodo
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Akane Ueki
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masayuki Komura
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akane Sugimura-Nagata
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Masahide Ebi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Naotaka Ogasawara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kenji Kasai
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hosokawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kunio Kasugai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shingo Inaguma
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya City University East Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shingo Inaguma,
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8
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Kachi K, Kato H, Naiki-Ito A, Komura M, Nagano-Matsuo A, Naitoh I, Hayashi K, Kataoka H, Inaguma S, Takahashi S. Anti-Allergic Drug Suppressed Pancreatic Carcinogenesis via Down-Regulation of Cellular Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147444. [PMID: 34299067 PMCID: PMC8304964 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a fatal disease, and thus its chemoprevention is an important issue. Based on the recent report that patients with allergic diseases have a low risk for pancreatic cancer, we examined the potential chemopreventive effect of anti-allergic agents using a hamster pancreatic carcinogenesis model. Among the three anti-allergic drugs administered, montelukast showed a tendency to suppress the incidence of pancreatic cancer. Further animal study revealed a significantly decreased incidence of pancreatic cancer in the high-dose montelukast group compared with controls. The development of the pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia lesions was also significantly suppressed. The Ki-67 labeling index was significantly lower in pancreatic carcinomas in the high-dose montelukast group than in controls. In vitro experiments revealed that montelukast suppressed proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner with decreased expression of phospho-ERK1/2. Montelukast induced G1 phase arrest. Conversely, leukotriene D4 (LTD4), an agonist of CYSLTR1, increased cellular proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells with an accumulation of phospho-ERK1/2. In our cohort, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients with high CYSLTR1 expression showed a significantly unfavorable clinical outcome compared with those with low expression. Our results indicate that montelukast exerts a chemopreventive effect on pancreatic cancer via the LTD4–CYSLTR1 axis and has potential for treatment of pancreatic carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Kachi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (K.K.); (I.N.); (K.H.); (H.K.)
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (H.K.); (A.N.-I.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.)
| | - Aya Naiki-Ito
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (H.K.); (A.N.-I.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.)
| | - Masayuki Komura
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (H.K.); (A.N.-I.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.)
| | - Aya Nagano-Matsuo
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (H.K.); (A.N.-I.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.)
| | - Itaru Naitoh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (K.K.); (I.N.); (K.H.); (H.K.)
| | - Kazuki Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (K.K.); (I.N.); (K.H.); (H.K.)
| | - Hiromi Kataoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (K.K.); (I.N.); (K.H.); (H.K.)
| | - Shingo Inaguma
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (H.K.); (A.N.-I.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.)
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya City University East Medical Center, Nagoya 464-8547, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (S.T.)
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; (H.K.); (A.N.-I.); (M.K.); (A.N.-M.)
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (S.T.)
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9
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Xu J, Zhao W, Liao K, Tu L, Jiang X, Dai H, Yu Y, Xiong Q, Xiong Z. Clinical retrospective study on the expression of the PD-L1 molecule in sporadic colorectal cancer and its correlation with K-ras gene mutations in Chinese patients. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:6142-6155. [PMID: 34306353 PMCID: PMC8290729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect the expression of PD-L1 and K-ras gene status in colorectal cancer tissues and analyze the relationship between PD-L1 expression and the clinicopathological features and K-ras gene status in colorectal cancer. METHODS Two hundred fifty colorectal cancer tissues were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. The normal intestinal mucosal tissues of 20 patients were randomly selected for inclusion in the control group. PD-L1 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. K-ras gene mutation in colorectal cancer tissues was detected by sequencing. The clinical significance of PD-L1 expression and relationship between PD-L1 expression and K-ras gene mutation were analyzed. RESULTS The immunohistochemistry assay showed that PD-L1 was highly expressed in colorectal cancer. The positive expression of PD-L1 was increased with lymph node metastasis and high TNM stage. The 5-year survival rate of PD-L1-positive patients was significantly lower than that of PD-L1-negative patients. The K-ras gene mutation rate was 35.6%, and the main mutation site was in codon 12. The positive PD-L1 expression rate in patients with K-ras gene mutations was significantly higher than that in patients with wild-type K-ras gene mutations. CONCLUSION PD-L1 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer, and its expression is related to metastasis and tumor stage. PD-L1 expression is closely related to K-ras gene mutation, and the K-ras gene status may affect PD-L1 expression. TRIAL REGISTRATION retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasheng Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNo. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNo. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kaili Liao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNo. 1 Minde Road, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Luxia Tu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNo. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaozhen Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNo. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hua Dai
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNo. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yanqing Yu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNo. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiuying Xiong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNo. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhenfang Xiong
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNo. 17 Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi, China
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10
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Nagano-Matsuo A, Inoue S, Koshino A, Ota A, Nakao K, Komura M, Kato H, Naiki-Ito A, Watanabe K, Nagayasu Y, Hosokawa Y, Takiguchi S, Kasugai K, Kasai K, Inaguma S, Takahashi S. PBK expression predicts favorable survival in colorectal cancer patients. Virchows Arch 2021; 479:277-284. [PMID: 33638656 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03062-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal cancers worldwide with high morbidity and mortality rates. The discovery of small molecule anticancer reagents has significantly affected cancer therapy. However, the anticancer effects of these therapies are not sufficient to completely cure CRC. PDZ-binding kinase (PBK) was initially identified as a mitotic kinase for mitogen-activated protein kinase and is involved in cytokinesis and spermatogenesis. Aberrant expression of PBK has been reported to be closely associated with malignant phenotypes of many cancers and/or patient survival. However, the expression of PBK and its association to patient survival in CRC have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, 269 primary CRCs were evaluated immunohistochemically for PBK expression to assess its ability as a prognostic factor. CRC tumor cells variably expressed PBK (range, 0-100%; median, 32%) in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Univariate analyses identified a significant inverse correlation between PBK expression and pT stage (P<0.0001). Furthermore, patients carrying CRC with higher PBK expression showed significantly favorable survival (P=0.0094). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed high PBK expression (HR, 0.52; P=0.015) as one of the potential favorable factors for CRC patients. PBK expression showed significant correlation to Ki-67 labeling indices (ρ=0.488, P<0.0001). In vitro, the PBK inhibitor OTS514 suppressed cellular proliferation of CRC cells with PBK expression through downregulation of P-ERK and induction of apoptosis. These results suggest that PBK-targeting therapeutics may be useful for the treatment of PBK-expressing CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Nagano-Matsuo
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Akira Koshino
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Akinobu Ota
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kenju Nakao
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masayuki Komura
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Aya Naiki-Ito
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kawori Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuko Nagayasu
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Hosokawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Shuji Takiguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kunio Kasugai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kenji Kasai
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Shingo Inaguma
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan. .,Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan. .,Department of Pathology, Nagoya City East Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan. .,Educational Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology and Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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11
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Luchini C, Bibeau F, Ligtenberg MJL, Singh N, Nottegar A, Bosse T, Miller R, Riaz N, Douillard JY, Andre F, Scarpa A. ESMO recommendations on microsatellite instability testing for immunotherapy in cancer, and its relationship with PD-1/PD-L1 expression and tumour mutational burden: a systematic review-based approach. Ann Oncol 2020; 30:1232-1243. [PMID: 31056702 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 582] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancers with a defective DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) system contain thousands of mutations most frequently located in monomorphic microsatellites and are thereby defined as having microsatellite instability (MSI). Therefore, MSI is a marker of dMMR. MSI/dMMR can be identified using immunohistochemistry to detect loss of MMR proteins and/or molecular tests to show microsatellite alterations. Together with tumour mutational burden (TMB) and PD-1/PD-L1 expression, it plays a role as a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy. METHODS To define best practices to implement the detection of dMMR tumours in clinical practice, the ESMO Translational Research and Precision Medicine Working Group launched a collaborative project, based on a systematic review-approach, to generate consensus recommendations on the: (i) definitions related to the concept of MSI/dMMR; (ii) methods of MSI/dMMR testing and (iii) relationships between MSI, TMB and PD-1/PD-L1 expression. RESULTS The MSI-related definitions, for which a consensus frame-work was used to establish definitions, included: 'microsatellites', 'MSI', 'DNA mismatch repair' and 'features of MSI tumour'. This consensus also provides recommendations on MSI testing; immunohistochemistry for the mismatch repair proteins MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2 represents the first action to assess MSI/dMMR (consensus with strong agreement); the second method of MSI/dMMR testing is represented by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assessment of microsatellite alterations using five microsatellite markers including at least BAT-25 and BAT-26 (strong agreement). Next-generation sequencing, coupling MSI and TMB analysis, may represent a decisive tool for selecting patients for immunotherapy, for common or rare cancers not belonging to the spectrum of Lynch syndrome (very strong agreement). The relationships between MSI, TMB and PD-1/PD-L1 expression are complex, and differ according to tumour types. CONCLUSIONS This ESMO initiative is a response to the urgent questions raised by the growing success of immunotherapy and provides also important insights on the relationships between MSI, TMB and PD-1/PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Luchini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - F Bibeau
- Department of Pathology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - M J L Ligtenberg
- Departments of Human Genetics Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Departments of Pathology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - N Singh
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - A Nottegar
- Department of Surgery, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - T Bosse
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R Miller
- Department of Oncology, University College London, London, UK
| | - N Riaz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA
| | - J-Y Douillard
- European Society for Medical Oncology, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - F Andre
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
| | - A Scarpa
- ARC-Net Research Centre, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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12
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A Review of ULK1-Mediated Autophagy in Drug Resistance of Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020352. [PMID: 32033142 PMCID: PMC7073181 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The difficulty of early diagnosis and the development of drug resistance are two major barriers to the successful treatment of cancer. Autophagy plays a crucial role in several cellular functions, and its dysregulation is associated with both tumorigenesis and drug resistance. Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1) is a serine/threonine kinase that participates in the initiation of autophagy. Many studies have indicated that compounds that directly or indirectly target ULK1 could be used for tumor therapy. However, reports of the therapeutic effects of these compounds have come to conflicting conclusions. In this work, we reviewed recent studies related to the effects of ULK1 on the regulation of autophagy and the development of drug resistance in cancers, with the aim of clarifying the mechanistic underpinnings of this therapeutic target.
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13
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Inoue S, Tsunoda T, Riku M, Ito H, Inoko A, Murakami H, Ebi M, Ogasawara N, Pastan I, Kasugai K, Kasai K, Ikeda H, Inaguma S. Diffuse mesothelin expression leads to worse prognosis through enhanced cellular proliferation in colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:1741-1750. [PMID: 32194667 PMCID: PMC7039175 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesothelin (MSLN) is a glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-linked cell surface protein that is highly expressed in several types of malignant tumor, including malignant pleural mesothelioma, ovarian cancer and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Recently, a comprehensive immunohistochemical study using MN-1 monoclonal antibody identified a significant number of colorectal tumors in which MSLN was expressed. However, the clinicopathological profiles and survival of patients with MSLN-positive colorectal cancer have not been fully analyzed. In the current study, the expression of MSLN in 270 primary and 44 metastatic colorectal tumors was immunohistochemically analyzed to determine the clinical usefulness of MSLN immunohistochemistry and to identify potential candidates for future anti-MSLN therapy. In vitro experiments using colon cancer cell lines were performed to investigate the biological significance of MSLN expression in tumors. The results of univariate analyses identified a significant correlation between MSLN expression and females (P=0.0042). Furthermore, an inverse correlation between MSLN expression and solid/sheet-like proliferation (P=0.014) was also revealed. Additionally, overall survival was significantly shorter in patients with diffuse luminal/membranous expression of MSLN (P=0.018). Multivariable Cox hazards regression analysis revealed diffuse MSLN expression (hazard ratio, 2.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.04-4.91; P=0.039) as a potential risk factor. When comparing primary CRCs and the metastasis of each, a weakly positive correlation was identified for MSLN positivity (% positive cells; R=0.484; P<0.0001). The in vitro experiments revealed a positive role for MSLN in colon cancer cell proliferation. Thus, MSLN immunohistochemistry may be useful in the prognostication of patients with CRC. The results demonstrated that significant numbers of patients with MSLN-positive CRC exhibiting metastasis could be targeted by anti-MSLN therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Inoue
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Takumi Tsunoda
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Miho Riku
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ito
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Akihito Inoko
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hideki Murakami
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Masahide Ebi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Naotaka Ogasawara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Ira Pastan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kunio Kasugai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Kenji Kasai
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Shingo Inaguma
- Department of Pathology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
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14
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Intratumoral Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Density and PD-L1 Expression Are Prognostic Biomarkers for Patients with Colorectal Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55110723. [PMID: 31683723 PMCID: PMC6915478 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55110723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated inflammatory response to tumors plays a crucial role in preventing the progression of some cancers. Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), a cell-surface glycoprotein, has been reported to repress T-cell-mediated immune responses against tumors. However, the clinical significance of PD-L1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Our aim was to elucidate the prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression and CD8+ CTL density in CRC. Materials and methods: CD8 and PD-L1 immunostaining was conducted on 157 pathologic specimens from patients with CRC. The CD8+ CTL density and PD-L1 expression within the tumor microenvironment were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Tumor invasion (pT) was significantly correlated with intratumoral (p = 0.011) and peritumoral (p = 0.016) CD8+ CTLs density in the tumor microenvironment. In addition, there was a significant difference in the intensity of CD8+ CTLs between patients with and without distant metastases (intratumoral p = 0.007; peritumoral p = 0.037, T-test). Lymph node metastasis (pN) and TNM stage were significantly correlated with PD-L1 expression in CRC cells (p = 0.015, p = 0.029, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between the intratumoral CD8+ CTL density and disease-free survival (DFS) (hazard ratio [HR] 2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–4.23; p = 0.043). The DFS was considerably shorter in patients with a high expression of PD-L1 in cancer cells than those with a low expression (univariate HR 2.55; 95% CI 1.50–4.34; p = 0.001; multivariate HR 0.48; 95% CI 0.28–0.82; p = 0.007). Conversely, patients with high PD-L1 expression in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes had a longer DFS in both univariate analysis (HR 0.25; 95% CI: 0.14–0.44; p < 0.001) and multivariate analysis (HR 3.42; 95% CI: 1.95–6.01; p < 0.001). Conclusion: The CD8+ CTL density and PD-L1 expression are prognostic biomarkers for the survival of patients with CRC.
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15
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CD70 expression in tumor-associated fibroblasts predicts worse survival in colorectal cancer patients. Virchows Arch 2019; 475:425-434. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-019-02565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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16
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Liu S, Kong P, Wang X, Yang L, Jiang C, He W, Quan Q, Huang J, Xie Q, Xia X, Zhang B, Xia L. Tumor microenvironment classification based on T-cell infiltration and PD-L1 in patients with mismatch repair-proficient and -deficient colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 17:2335-2343. [PMID: 30675299 PMCID: PMC6341814 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The classification of tumor microenvironments according to the presence or absence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression has been used to predict the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor antibodies in several cancer types, not including colorectal cancer (CRC). The current study investigated the TIL/PD-L1 status of patients with CRC, particularly patients who presented as mismatch repair-proficient (pMMR) and mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR). A total of 243 patients with CRC were enrolled and defined as pMMR (121 patients) or dMMR (122 patients). Using Pearson's χ2 test and multivariable multinomial logistic regression analysis, the associations between MMR status, TIL presence and PD-L1 expression were investigated, in addition to the association between TIL/PD-L1 status and clinicopathological features. The results demonstrated that the dMMR group more frequently exhibited TIL+ (85/122 vs. 61/121) and PD-L1+ (49/122 vs. 32/121) phenotypes compared with the pMMR group. PD-L1+ expression was identified in 42.4% of TIL+ cases in the dMMR group, while only 18.0% of TIL+ cases were PD-L1+ in the pMMR group. High programmed death-1 expression and dMMR status were revealed as two independent risk factors for TIL+ PD-L1+ status. In conclusion, compared with the pMMR group, the dMMR group was more likely to present with a TIL+ PD-L1+ status, which suggests that a TIL+ PD-L1+ tumor microenvironment may partly contribute to the improved response of dMMR patients to anti-PD-1/L1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shousheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China.,Department of The VIP Region, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China.,Department of The VIP Region, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopai Wang
- Department of Pathology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China.,Department of The VIP Region, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Chang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China.,Department of The VIP Region, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhuo He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China.,Department of The VIP Region, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Qi Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China.,Department of The VIP Region, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Jinsheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China.,Department of The VIP Region, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Qiankun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China.,Department of The VIP Region, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Bei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China.,Department of The VIP Region, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Liangping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China.,Department of The VIP Region, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
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17
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Cantero-Cid R, Casas-Martin J, Hernández-Jiménez E, Cubillos-Zapata C, Varela-Serrano A, Avendaño-Ortiz J, Casarrubios M, Montalbán-Hernández K, Villacañas-Gil I, Guerra-Pastrián L, Peinado B, Marcano C, Aguirre LA, López-Collazo E. PD-L1/PD-1 crosstalk in colorectal cancer: are we targeting the right cells? BMC Cancer 2018; 18:945. [PMID: 30285662 PMCID: PMC6171318 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4853-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The analysis of tumour-infiltrating immune cells within patients’ tumour samples in colorectal cancer (CRC) has become an independent predictor of patient survival. The tumour microenvironment and the immune checkpoints, such as PD-L1/PD-1, are relevant to the prognoses and also appear to be relevant for further CRC therapies. Methods We analysed the presence and features of the infiltrated monocyte/macrophage and lymphocyte populations in both tumour and peritumour samples from patients with CRC (n = 15). Results We detected a large number of CD14+ monocytes/macrophages with an alternative phenotype (CD64+CD163+) and CD4+ lymphocytes that infiltrated the tumour, but not the peritumour area. The monocytes/macrophages expressed PD-L1, whereas the lymphocytes were PD-1+; however, we did not find high PD-L1 levels in the tumour cells. Coculture of circulating naïve human monocytes/macrophages and lymphocytes with tumour cells from patients with proficient mismatch repair CRC induced both an alternative phenotype with higher expression of PD-L1 in CD14+ cells and the T-cell exhaustion phenomenon. The addition of an α-PD-1 antibody restored lymphocyte proliferation. Conclusion These results emphasise the interesting nature of immune checkpoint shifting therapies, which have potential clinical applications in the context of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cantero-Cid
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Tumour Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Surgery Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Casas-Martin
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Tumour Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Hernández-Jiménez
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Tumour Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research Network, CIBEres, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Cubillos-Zapata
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Tumour Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.,Centre for Biomedical Research Network, CIBEres, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aníbal Varela-Serrano
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Tumour Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Avendaño-Ortiz
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Tumour Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Casarrubios
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Tumour Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karla Montalbán-Hernández
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Tumour Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Villacañas-Gil
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Tumour Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Begoña Peinado
- Surgery Department, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luis A Aguirre
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain. .,Tumour Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eduardo López-Collazo
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain. .,Tumour Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain. .,Centre for Biomedical Research Network, CIBEres, Madrid, Spain.
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18
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Ogino S, Nowak JA, Hamada T, Phipps AI, Peters U, Milner DA, Giovannucci EL, Nishihara R, Giannakis M, Garrett WS, Song M. Integrative analysis of exogenous, endogenous, tumour and immune factors for precision medicine. Gut 2018; 67:1168-1180. [PMID: 29437869 PMCID: PMC5943183 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy strategies targeting immune checkpoints such as the CTLA4 and CD274 (programmed cell death 1 ligand 1, PD-L1)/PDCD1 (programmed cell death 1, PD-1) T-cell coreceptor pathways are revolutionising oncology. The approval of pembrolizumab use for solid tumours with high-level microsatellite instability or mismatch repair deficiency by the US Food and Drug Administration highlights promise of precision immuno-oncology. However, despite evidence indicating influences of exogenous and endogenous factors such as diet, nutrients, alcohol, smoking, obesity, lifestyle, environmental exposures and microbiome on tumour-immune interactions, integrative analyses of those factors and immunity lag behind. Immune cell analyses in the tumour microenvironment have not adequately been integrated into large-scale studies. Addressing this gap, the transdisciplinary field of molecular pathological epidemiology (MPE) offers research frameworks to integrate tumour immunology into population health sciences, and link the exposures and germline genetics (eg, HLA genotypes) to tumour and immune characteristics. Multilevel research using bioinformatics, in vivo pathology and omics (genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) technologies is possible with use of tissue, peripheral blood circulating cells, cell-free plasma, stool, sputum, urine and other body fluids. This immunology-MPE model can synergise with experimental immunology, microbiology and systems biology. GI neoplasms represent exemplary diseases for the immunology-MPE model, given rich microbiota and immune tissues of intestines, and the well-established carcinogenic role of intestinal inflammation. Proof-of-principle studies on colorectal cancer provided insights into immunomodulating effects of aspirin, vitamin D, inflammatory diets and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The integrated immunology-MPE model can contribute to better understanding of environment-tumour-immune interactions, and effective immunoprevention and immunotherapy strategies for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Ogino
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan A Nowak
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Amanda I Phipps
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ulrike Peters
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Danny A Milner
- American Society for Clinical Pathology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Reiko Nishihara
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wendy S Garrett
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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19
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PD-L1 Expression Predicts a Distinct Prognosis in Krukenberg Tumor with Corresponding Origins. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:9485285. [PMID: 29854854 PMCID: PMC5964418 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9485285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Krukenberg tumor (KT) is an uncommon ovarian metastatic signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma that mostly metastasizes from gastrointestinal carcinoma. Optimal treatment options for KTs are limited. Programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors have shown remarkable activity in clinical trials for metastatic tumors. Here, we evaluated PD-L1 expression and T cell infiltration in KTs and their corresponding primary tumors. Positive tumor PD-L1 expression was detected in 9 (25.7%) KTs from gastric carcinomas (GCs) and in 20 (66.7%) KTs from colorectal carcinomas (CRCs). Patient survival was assessed according to the PD-L1 status and CD8+ T cell density. Positive tumor PD-L1 expression in KTs from GCs was associated with poor prognosis. In contrast, positive tumor PD-L1 expression in KTs from CRCs was associated with an improved prognosis. We analyzed copy number variations of the PD-L1 gene in KTs. PD-L1 expression was higher in cases with copy number gains. The T cell densities within KTs and their corresponding primary tumors were compared. The densities of CD8+ T cells correlated significantly between the primary tumors and KTs from the same case. Taken together, the research further highlighted targets for immune-based therapy in KTs from GCs and CRCs.
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