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Hu X, Li J, Wang X, Guo K, Liu H, Yu Q, Kuang G, Zhang S, Liu L, Lin Z, Huang Y, Xiong N. Medical education challenges in Mainland China: An analysis of the application of problem-based learning. MEDICAL TEACHER 2024:1-16. [PMID: 39073879 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2024.2369238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The medical education system in mainland China faces numerous challenges and the lack of learner-centered approaches may contribute to passive learning and reduced student engagement. While problem-based learning (PBL) is common in Western medical schools, its feasibility in China is questioned due to cultural differences. This systematic review aims to summarize the application of PBL in medical education in mainland China based on existing literature, as well as to identify the challenges and opportunities encountered in its implementation. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted using electronic databases, including MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, Wan fang and CNKI databases. Grey literature sources were explored using Google Scholar. The search was limited to articles that include at least one English abstract up to May 1st, 2023. The inclusion criteria were studies that reported the use of PBL in medical education in mainland China. RESULTS A total of 21 articles were included in the final analysis. The findings indicate that PBL is a well-adopted and effective learning method in most medical education, especially for developing critical thinking, problem-solving, and teamwork skills. However, the application of PBL in mainland China is limited due to various challenges, including faculty resistance, inadequate resources and cultural barriers. To effectively address these challenges, it is essential to provide faculty training, develop appropriate assessment methods to evaluate student progress within the PBL framework and create conducive spaces and resources that support collaborative learning and critical thinking. CONCLUSION The utilization of PBL in mainland China holds potential for enhancing medical education. However, its successful implementation requires significant efforts to address the identified challenges. It is crucial to engage stakeholders in a collaborative effort to promote the application of PBL and ultimately improve the quality of medical education in mainland China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Kexin Guo
- Department of Ophtalmology, The First Affliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hanshu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Qinwei Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Red Cross Hospital, Hubei, China
| | - Guiying Kuang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Red Cross Hospital, Hubei, China
| | - Shurui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Red Cross Hospital, Hubei, China
| | - Zhicheng Lin
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurogenomics, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School Belmont, USA
| | - Yaling Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Nian Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
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Metabolic Syndrome and Air Pollution: A Narrative Review of Their Cardiopulmonary Effects. TOXICS 2019; 7:toxics7010006. [PMID: 30704059 PMCID: PMC6468691 DOI: 10.3390/toxics7010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) exposure and metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) are both significant global health burdens. PM exposure has been implicated in the pathogenesis of MetSyn and cardiopulmonary diseases. Individuals with pre-existing MetSyn may be more susceptible to the detrimental effects of PM exposure. Our aim was to provide a narrative review of MetSyn/PM-induced systemic inflammation in cardiopulmonary disease, with a focus on prior studies of the World Trade Center (WTC)-exposed Fire Department of New York (FDNY). We included studies (1) published within the last 16-years; (2) described the epidemiology of MetSyn, obstructive airway disease (OAD), and vascular disease in PM-exposed individuals; (3) detailed the known mechanisms of PM-induced inflammation, MetSyn and cardiopulmonary disease; and (4) focused on the effects of PM exposure in WTC-exposed FDNY firefighters. Several investigations support that inhalation of PM elicits pulmonary and systemic inflammation resulting in MetSyn and cardiopulmonary disease. Furthermore, individuals with these preexisting conditions are more sensitive to PM exposure-related inflammation, which can exacerbate their conditions and increase their risk for hospitalization and chronic disease. Mechanistic research is required to elucidate biologically plausible therapeutic targets of MetSyn- and PM-induced cardiopulmonary disease.
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Wang J, Pei Y, Chen K, Yan W, Wang A, Li Y, Li J, Wang H, An P, Zhang L, Ye Y, Jin X, Ning G, Mu Y, Gu W. Association between the Number of Childbirths and the Progress of Atherosclerosis among Women with Diabetes: A Cohort Study Based on Chinese Population. Int J Endocrinol 2019; 2019:4874121. [PMID: 30809258 PMCID: PMC6369472 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4874121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to explore the association between the number of childbirths and the progress of atherosclerosis among Chinese women with hypertension or diabetes. METHODS In total, 1159 Chinese parous women from a community longitudinal survey conducted in the communities of Shijingshan district, Beijing, China, were included in our study. They were divided into three groups according to the number of childbirths, and the change in pulse wave velocity (PWV) was as an indicator of the progression of atherosclerosis because the increased PWV reflected the more serious atherosclerosis. After 3 years, we conducted follow-up visits to the subjects. Logistical regression analyses were applied to investigate the relationship between the number of childbirths and the progression of atherosclerotic stiffness and a stratification analysis was performed for history of hypertension and diabetes. RESULTS After 3-year follow-up, among women with diabetes, the OR of women with 2 childbirths was significant [3.5 (95% confidence interval 1.5, 7.9)] in model I, [3.1 (95% confidence interval 1.3, 7.2)] in model II, and the OR of women with ≥3 childbirths was significant [4.4 (95% confidence interval 1.3, 14.5)] in model I, [4.1 (95% confidence interval 1.2, 14.3)] in model II. Among women with hypertension, the risk of the progress of atherosclerosis was not significant. CONCLUSION The increasing number of childbirths is associated with the progression of atherosclerotic stiffness among Chinese women with diabetes, independent of a variety of confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Pei
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhua Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Anping Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yijun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haibing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ping An
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Linxi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingnan Ye
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinye Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Ning
- Shanghai National Research Centre for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Mu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weijun Gu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Age and gender-specific distribution of metabolic syndrome components in East China: role of hypertriglyceridemia in the SPECT-China study. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:92. [PMID: 29678174 PMCID: PMC5910574 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chinese population are experiencing remarkably changes of economic and cultural environments. The present study was to examine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) by age between genders and to investigate the current characteristics of MetS and its components in China. METHODS SPECT-China is a population-based cross-sectional survey on Chinese adults aged ≥18 years in East China. A total of 10,441 Chinese residents participated in anthropometric and laboratory measurements. Of these, 9969 subjects (females, 5868) were eligible for the data analysis reported here. Estimates of the prevalence of MetS and its components were calculated. Presence of MetS was defined based on the IDF/AHA harmonized criteria. MetS z-score was calculated to evaluate the degree of total metabolic disorder. RESULTS The age-standardized prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 22.0% (21.9% in men and 22.0% in women). Unlike the continuous MetS rise with age in females, the MetS prevalence in males remained stable among 46-55, 56-65 and > 65 yrs. age groups (31.2%, 31.4%, 32.5%, p = 0.538). In the five components of MetS, contrary to the elevated BP and BG disorders, the frequency of TG disorders decreased with age in males (46.6%(46-55 yrs), 37.2% (56-65 yrs), 27.7%(> 65 yrs), p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression showed that in males, more TG disorders were associated with higher BMI, higher educational level and current nonsmoker. In the MetS subjects, the 3-factor combinations which included TG disorders decreased with age in both genders. The whole metabolic profile became better in older male MetS subjects, which was opposite to the female. CONCLUSION Our results showed a distinct age-related prevalence of MetS between genders in dramatically changed China, in which the TG disorders played an important role. More targeted measures need to be taken to meet the serious challenges of metabolic diseases. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR-ECS- 14005052 , Survey on Prevalence in East China for Metabolic Diseases and Risk Factors (SPECT-China).
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Kelishadi R, Heidari-Beni M, Qorbani M, Motamed-Gorji N, Motlagh ME, Ziaodini H, Taheri M, Ahadi Z, Aminaee T, Heshmat R. Association between neck and wrist circumferences and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents: The CASPIAN-V study. Nutrition 2017; 43-44:32-38. [PMID: 28935142 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The predictive potentials of neck and wrist circumferences for cardiometabolic risks in children and adolescents remain to be determined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of neck and wrist circumferences with some cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. METHODS This multicenter study was conducted during the 2014 to 2015 school year with 4200 children and adolescents ages 7 to 18 y. The children were selected by multistage cluster sampling from 30 provinces of Iran. Anthropometric indices (neck, wrist and waist circumference, and body mass index), biochemical and clinical parameters were measured. Metabolic syndrome was defined based on the Adult Treatment Panel III criteria modified for the pediatric age group. High total cholesterol, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and obesity were included as other cardiometabolic risk factors. RESULTS The participation rate for blood sampling was 91.5% (n = 3843). The mean (standard deviation) age of participants was 12.3 y (3.2 y). In a multivariate model, neck and wrist circumferences had significant association with elevated blood pressure, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, increased body mass index (overweight, excess weight, and generalized obesity), abdominal obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Additionally, obesity had the strongest associations with neck (odds ratio, 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.45-1.51) and wrist circumference (odds ratio, 2.25; 95% confidence interval, 2.15-2.36). CONCLUSION Neck and wrist circumferences are associated with some cardiometabolic risk factors. They could be used as alternative clinical tools and easy-to-use indicators of cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Motahar Heidari-Beni
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nazgol Motamed-Gorji
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hasan Ziaodini
- Office of Health and Fitness, Ministry of Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majzoubeh Taheri
- Bureau of Population, Family and School Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeinab Ahadi
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahereh Aminaee
- Bureau of Population, Family and School Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Associations of triglyceride levels with longevity and frailty: A Mendelian randomization analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41579. [PMID: 28134330 PMCID: PMC5278549 DOI: 10.1038/srep41579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Observational studies suggest associations of triglyceride levels with longevity and frailty. This study aimed to test whether the associations are causal. We used data from the Rugao Longevity and Ageing Study, a population-based cohort study performed in Rugao, China. A variant in the APOA5 gene region (rs662799) was used as the genetic instrument. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed to examine the associations of genetically predicted triglycerides with two ageing phenotypes – longevity ( ≥95 years) and frailty (modified Fried frailty phenotype and Rockwood frailty index). C allele of rs662799 was robustly associated with higher triglyceride levels in the comparison group (β = 0.301 mmol/L per allele, p < 0.001), with an F statistic of 95.3 and R2 = 0.040. However MR analysis did not provide strong evidence for an association between genetically predicted triglyceride levels and probability of longevity (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.35, 1.07 per 1 mmol/L increase in triglycerides). In the ageing arm (70–84 years), genetically predicted triglyceride levels were not associated with the frailty index (β = 0.008; 95% CI: −0.013, 0.029) or the frailty phenotype (OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 0.84, 4.37). In conclusion, there is currently a lack of sufficient evidence to support causal associations of triglyceride levels with longevity and frailty in elderly populations.
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Vermorken AJM, Andrès E, Cui Y. Bowel movement frequency, oxidative stress and disease prevention. Mol Clin Oncol 2016; 5:339-342. [PMID: 27703675 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2016.987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The significance of diet for disease prevention has long been recognised. Dietary recommendations have therefore been integrated in health promotion messages. Gastrointestinal functioning is essential for the digestion of nutrients. Oxidative stress has been observed in patients with constipation, as well as in those with colorectal cancer, cardiovascular disease and other chronic illnesses associated with constipation. The coexistence of colorectal neoplasia and coronary artery disease has been incriminated for exposure to common risk factors associated with increased oxidative stress. It was recently demonstrated that bowel movement frequency is inversely associated with cardiovascular mortality. The aim of the present study was to review the relevant literature in light of these findings. It was concluded that suboptimal functioning of the large bowel may contribute to oxidative stress and, therefore, to increased mortality. Bowel movement frequency may represent a simple quantifiable indicator of adequate colonic function and it is dependent on diet, exercise and other lifestyle factors, but also on individual characteristics, including colonic microbiota. Future health promotion actions may improve the prevention of a number of diseases by advocating lifestyle personalisation for assuring optimal intestinal functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alphons J M Vermorken
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China; National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
| | - Emmanuel Andrès
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Yali Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China; National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, P.R. China
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Zhao DW, Yu M, Hu K, Wang W, Yang L, Wang BJ, Gao XH, Guo YM, Xu YQ, Wei YS, Tian SM, Yang F, Wang N, Huang SB, Xie H, Wei XW, Jiang HS, Zang YQ, Ai J, Chen YL, Lei GH, Li YJ, Tian G, Li ZS, Cao Y, Ma L. Prevalence of Nontraumatic Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head and its Associated Risk Factors in the Chinese Population: Results from a Nationally Representative Survey. Chin Med J (Engl) 2016; 128:2843-50. [PMID: 26521779 PMCID: PMC4756878 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.168017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head (NONFH) is a debilitating disease that represents a significant financial burden for both individuals and healthcare systems. Despite its significance, however, its prevalence in the Chinese general population remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of NONFH and its associated risk factors in the Chinese population. Methods: A nationally representative survey of 30,030 respondents was undertaken from June 2012 to August 2013. All participants underwent a questionnaire investigation, physical examination of hip, and bilateral hip joint X-ray and/or magnetic resonance imaging examination. Blood samples were taken after overnight fasting to test serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. We then used multivariate logistic regression analysis to investigate the associations between various metabolic, demographic, and lifestyle-related variables and NONFH. Results: NONFH was diagnosed in 218 subjects (0.725%) and the estimated NONFH cases were 8.12 million among Chinese people aged 15 years and over. The prevalence of NONFH was significantly higher in males than in females (1.02% vs. 0.51%, χ2 = 24.997, P < 0.001). Among NONFH patients, North residents were subjected to higher prevalence of NONFH than that of South residents (0.85% vs. 0.61%, χ2 = 5.847, P = 0.016). Our multivariate regression analysis showed that high blood levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and non-HDL-cholesterol, male, urban residence, family history of osteonecrosis of the femoral head, heavy smoking, alcohol abuse and glucocorticoid intake, overweight, and obesity were all significantly associated with an increased risk of NONFH. Conclusions: Our findings highlight that NONFH is a significant public health challenge in China and underscore the need for policy measures on the national level. Furthermore, NONFH shares a number of risk factors with atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Wei Zhao
- Orthopedic Medical Research Center, Dalian University; Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, China
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Li P, Zhang M, Zhu Y, Liu W, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Huang G. Dietary patterns and changes in cardiovascular risk factors in apparently healthy Chinese women: a longitudinal study. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2016; 58:232-9. [PMID: 27257349 PMCID: PMC4865601 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.15-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known of the relationships between dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors in China. We therefore designed a 3-year longitudinal study to evaluate the impacts of dietary patterns on changes in these factors among Chinese women. A total of 1,028 subjects who received health examination in 2011 and 2014 were recruited. Three major dietary patterns (“vegetable pattern”, “meat pattern”, and “animal offal-dessert-and-alcohol pattern”) were derived by principal component analysis based on validated food frequency questionnaires. Cardiovascular risk factors were standardized to create within-cohort z-scores and the changes in them were calculated as the differences between 2011 and 2014. Relationships between dietary patterns and changes in cardiovascular risk factors were assessed using general linear model. After adjustment for potential confounders, changes in total cholesterol and fasting blood glucose decreased across the tertiles of vegetable pattern (p for trend = 0.01 and 0.04, respectively). While, changes in diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol increased across the tertiles of animal offal-dessert-and-alcohol pattern (p for trend = 0.02, 0.01, and 0.02, respectively). The findings suggest that vegetable pattern was beneficially related to cardiovascular risk factors, whereas animal offal-dessert-and-alcohol pattern was detrimental related to these factors among apparently healthy Chinese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Meilin Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yufeng Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Weiqiao Liu
- Health Education and Guidance Center of Heping District, Tianjin 300040, China
| | - Yuwen Zhang
- Health Education and Guidance Center of Heping District, Tianjin 300040, China
| | - Yuxia Gao
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Guowei Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
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Ban CX, Zhong L, Wang T, Zhu MJ, Wang JH, Zhang ZL, Wang Z, Su N, Liu YY, Shi YC, Xiao SF, Li X. Enhanced Diabetes Susceptibility in Community Dwelling Han Elders Carrying the Apolipoprotein E 3/3 Genotype. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151336. [PMID: 26998902 PMCID: PMC4801405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) being one of the main apolipoproteins in the blood, the association between its genotype and the high cholesterol or blood glucose levels commonly seen in clinical practice is inconclusive. Such research is also lacking in the Han population. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between APOE genotype, diabetes, and plasma glucose and lipid levels. We included 243 community-dwelling elderly residents in this study. Participant APOE genotypes were assessed and were simultaneously tested for weight, height, blood glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, and high- and low-density lipoprotein. In addition, gender, age, years of education, cognitive function, and medical history was recorded. Subjects were divided into 3 groups based on APOE genotype: APOE ε2 group (ε2/ε2 and ε2/ε3), APOE ε3 group (ε3/ε3), and APOE ε4 group (ε2/ε4, ε3/ε4 and ε4/ε4). Comparisons between groups were conducted for the incidence of diabetes, high blood pressure, and dementia, as well as for differences in body-mass index, fasting plasma glucose, and blood lipids. The APOE ε3/ε3 genotype exhibited the highest frequency (70.4%) among the subjects. Participants in the APOE ε3 group demonstrated significantly higher levels of fasting plasma glucose than those in the APOE ε2 and APOE ε4 groups (P<0.05). The APOE ε3 group had slightly higher abnormal fasting plasma glucose values than did the APOE ε2 group (P = 0.065). Furthermore, the APOE3 genotype was significantly correlated with both fasting plasma glucose level and glucose abnormality (P< 0.05) and trended toward statistically significant correlation with diabetes (P = 0.082). The correlation between APOE2 and low low-density lipoprotein levels also approached statistical significance (P = 0.052). Thus, elderly community dwelling residents of Han ethnicity carrying the APOE ε3/ε3 genotype might have higher plasma glucose levels and a higher occurrence of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-xia Ban
- Department of Psychogeriatrics, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhong
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Psychogeriatrics, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-jie Zhu
- Department of Psychogeriatrics, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-hua Wang
- Department of Psychogeriatrics, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-lian Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ning Su
- Department of Psychogeriatrics, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-yuan Liu
- Department of Psychogeriatrics, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-chen Shi
- Department of Psychogeriatrics, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-fu Xiao
- Department of Psychogeriatrics, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Psychogeriatrics, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Sun P, Yan H, Ranadive SM, Lane AD, Kappus RM, Bunsawat K, Baynard T, Hu M, Li S, Fernhall B. Autonomic Recovery Is Delayed in Chinese Compared with Caucasian following Treadmill Exercise. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147104. [PMID: 26784109 PMCID: PMC4718672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Caucasian populations have a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) when compared with their Chinese counterparts and CVD is associated with autonomic function. It is unknown whether autonomic function during exercise recovery differs between Caucasians and Chinese. The present study investigated autonomic recovery following an acute bout of treadmill exercise in healthy Caucasians and Chinese. Sixty-two participants (30 Caucasian and 32 Chinese, 50% male) performed an acute bout of treadmill exercise at 70% of heart rate reserve. Heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) were obtained during 5-min epochs at pre-exercise, 30-min, and 60-min post-exercise. HRV was assessed using frequency [natural logarithm of high (LnHF) and low frequency (LnLF) powers, normalized high (nHF) and low frequency (nLF) powers, and LF/HF ratio] and time domains [Root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), natural logarithm of RMSSD (LnRMSSD) and R-R interval (RRI)]. Spontaneous BRS included both up-up and down-down sequences. At pre-exercise, no group differences were observed for any HR, HRV and BRS parameters. During exercise recovery, significant race-by-time interactions were observed for LnHF, nHF, nLF, LF/HF, LnRMSSD, RRI, HR, and BRS (up-up). The declines in LnHF, nHF, RMSSD, RRI and BRS (up-up) and the increases in LF/HF, nLF and HR were blunted in Chinese when compared to Caucasians from pre-exercise to 30-min to 60-min post-exercise. Chinese exhibited delayed autonomic recovery following an acute bout of treadmill exercise. This delayed autonomic recovery may result from greater sympathetic dominance and extended vagal withdrawal in Chinese. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Register ChiCTR-IPR-15006684.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Exercise and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Huimin Yan
- Exercise and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sushant M. Ranadive
- Exercise and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Abbi D. Lane
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Exercise and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Rebecca M. Kappus
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Exercise and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kanokwan Bunsawat
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Exercise and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Tracy Baynard
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Exercise and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Min Hu
- Guangzhou Institute of Physical Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shichang Li
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Fernhall
- College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Exercise and Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
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Spatz ES, Jiang X, Lu J, Masoudi FA, Spertus JA, Wang Y, Li X, Downing NS, Nasir K, Du X, Li J, Krumholz HM, Liu X, Jiang L. Qingdao Port Cardiovascular Health Study: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e008403. [PMID: 26656011 PMCID: PMC4679897 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In China, efforts are underway to respond to rapidly increasing rates of heart disease and stroke. Yet the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease in China may be different from that of other populations. Thus, there is a critical need for population-based studies that provide insight into the risk factors, incidence and outcomes of cardiovascular disease in China. The Qingdao Port Cardiovascular Health Study is designed to investigate the burden of cardiovascular disease and the sociodemographic, biological, environmental and clinical risk factors associated with disease onset and outcomes. PARTICIPANTS For this study, from 2000 through 2013, 32,404 employees aged 18 years or older were recruited from the Qingdao Port Group in China, contributing 221,923 annual health assessments. The mean age at recruitment was 43.4 (SD=12.9); 79% were male. In this ongoing study, annual health assessments, governed by extensive quality control mechanisms, include a questionnaire (capturing demographic and employment information, medical history, medication use, health behaviours and health outcomes), physical examination, ECG, and blood and urine analysis. Additional non-annual assessments include an X-ray, echocardiogram and carotid ultrasound; bio-samples will be collected for future genetic and proteomic analyses. Cardiovascular outcomes are accessed via self-report and are actively being verified with medical insurance claims; efforts are underway to adjudicate outcomes with hospital medical records. FINDINGS TO DATE Early findings reveal a significant increase in cardiovascular risk factors from 2000 to 2010 (hypertension: 26.4-39.4%; diabetes: 3.3-8.9%; hyperlipidaemia: 5.0-33.6%; body mass index >28 m/kg(2): 14.1-18.6%). FUTURE PLANS We aim to generate novel insights about the epidemiology and outcomes of cardiovascular disease in China, with specific emphasis on the potentially unique risk factor profiles of this Chinese population. Knowledge generated will be disseminated in the peer-reviewed literature, and will inform population-based strategies to improve cardiovascular health in China. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02329886.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica S Spatz
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale University/Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xianyan Jiang
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Qingdao Fuwai Hospital, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiapeng Lu
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Frederick A Masoudi
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - John A Spertus
- Department of Health Outcomes Research, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute/University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Yongfei Wang
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale University/Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xi Li
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Nicholas S Downing
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale University/Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Khurram Nasir
- Center for Healthcare Advancement & Outcomes, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida, USA
- Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Xue Du
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Harlan M Krumholz
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale University/Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xiancheng Liu
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Qingdao Fuwai Hospital, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
- Qingdao Fuwai Hospital, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Jiang
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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13
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Crimmins EM. Physiological Differences Across Populations Reflecting Early Life and Later Life Nutritional Status and Later Life Risk for Chronic Disease. JOURNAL OF POPULATION AGEING 2015; 8:51-69. [PMID: 25750688 DOI: 10.1007/s12062-014-9109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eileen M Crimmins
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191 USA, , 1-213-740-1707 Phone
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14
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Zhao J, Schooling CM. Does falling testosterone with age among men underlie the increase in ischaemic heart disease. J Epidemiol Community Health 2015; 69:393-6. [PMID: 25563745 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2014-204483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observationally, testosterone falls with age among men and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) increases with age, so testosterone is commonly assumed to protect against IHD. Here we examined whether IHD mortality rates among men increased faster with age in the USA than China, where testosterone in men remains stable throughout adulthood, and also whether the increase with age in mortality rates for IHD is faster than for other causes of death. METHODS Age-specific mortality rates from all causes, IHD, pneumonia and prostate cancer for men in the USA and China from 1991 to 1995 were obtained from the WHO, and considered in age groups because of non-linearity. RESULTS The risk of death from IHD in US men increased with age at the same rate as the risk of death from any cause. In China, the risk of death from IHD increased with age faster than the risk of death from any cause. CONCLUSION The data are not consistent with the assumption that a fall in testosterone with age causes IHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhao
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - C M Schooling
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China School of Urban Public Health, Hunter College, CUNY School of Public Health, New York, USA
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15
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Serra R, Grande R, Montemurro R, Butrico L, Caliò FG, Mastrangelo D, Scarcello E, Gallelli L, Buffone G, de Franciscis S. The role of matrix metalloproteinases and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in central and peripheral arterial aneurysms. Surgery 2015; 157:155-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Rahmani A, Ahmadi MH, Misgavam S, Farhadi F, Shariatpanahi ZV. Body Composition and Abdominal Obesity in Patients With and Without Coronary Heart Disease. Cardiol Res 2014; 5:68-71. [PMID: 28392877 PMCID: PMC5358176 DOI: 10.14740/cr324w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The body fat and its distribution is an important risk factor for coronary artery diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between body composition and abdominal obesity in patients with and without coronary involvement in stable angina. Methods One hundred and sixty-one patients who underwent coronary angiography for stable angina were divided into two groups: patients with or without coronary heart disease (CHD). Participants underwent bioimpedance analysis for measurement of adipose tissues and lean body mass. Results No significant difference in body mass index and weight was found between two groups. Mean levels of waist circumference, waist to hip ratio and fat mass were significantly higher in CHD group (P = 0.02, P = 0.04 and P = 0.01). Fat-free mass was also significantly higher in non-CHD group (P = 0.02). Conclusions Screening for adiposity in subjects by body composition measurement method and determining fat distribution could better identify those at higher risk for CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasghar Rahmani
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | | | - Samira Misgavam
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Farhod Farhadi
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Zahra Vahdat Shariatpanahi
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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17
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Finelli C, Sommella L, Gioia S, La Sala N, Tarantino G. Should visceral fat be reduced to increase longevity? Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:996-1004. [PMID: 23764746 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemiologic studies have implicated visceral fat as a major risk factor for insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, stroke, metabolic syndrome and death. Utilizing novel models of visceral obesity, numerous studies have demonstrated that the relationship between visceral fat and longevity is causal while the accrual of subcutaneous fat does not appear to play an important role in the etiology of disease risk. Specific recommended intake levels vary based on a number of factors, including current weight, activity levels, and weight loss goals. It is discussed the need of reducing the visceral fat as a potential treatment strategy to prevent or delay age-related diseases and to increase longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Finelli
- Center of Obesity and Eating Disorders, Stella Maris Mediterraneum Foundation, Chiaromonte, Potenza, Italy.
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18
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Abstract
Numerous epidemiologic studies have implicated abdominal obesity as a major risk factor for insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, stroke, metabolic syndrome and its further expression, i.e., nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and death. Using novel models of visceral obesity, several studies have demonstrated that the relationship between visceral fat and longevity is causal, while the accrual of subcutaneous fat does not appear to play an important role in the etiology of disease risk. The need of reducing the visceral fat to improve survival, mainly taking into account the strict link between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the coronary artery disease is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Finelli
- Center of Obesity and Eating Disorder, Stella Maris Mediterraneo Foundation Chiaromonte, Potenza, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tarantino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy.
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19
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Tay YH, Nurjono M, Lee J. Increased Framingham 10-year CVD risk in Chinese patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2013; 147:187-192. [PMID: 23590873 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND & HYPOTHESIS: Schizophrenia is associated with increased mortality rates, which has been attributed to the greater incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. The Framingham risk score (FRS) is a widely-used age- and gender-specific algorithm to estimate 10-year CVD risk and vascular age. The main aim of this study was to determine the cardiovascular risk profile in schizophrenia and examine the effect of metabolic syndrome (MetS) as a predictor of CVD risk. We hypothesized that patients with schizophrenia have an increased 10-year CVD risk. METHODS 83 Chinese patients with schizophrenia and 243 Chinese community controls were recruited. Their medical and smoking histories were obtained, and anthropometric parameters measured. All subjects provided fasted venous blood samples for lipid and glucose measurements. 10-year CVD risk and the difference between vascular and actual age (VAdiff) for each participant were computed using the FRS and compared between patients and controls. RESULTS Schizophrenia patients had a higher mean 10-year CVD risk of 4.6%, as compared with 3.1% in controls, and a greater VAdiff of 4.6 years vs. 0.6 years. Both smoking and MetS contributed significantly to the 10-year CVD risk in patients with schizophrenia, with smoking having a greater effect than MetS on this risk. CONCLUSION This study found a significantly elevated mean 10-year CVD risk and VAdiff in patients with schizophrenia compared with controls. Findings point towards the importance of smoking cessation and screening for MetS to decrease the excess CVD risk in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hang Tay
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jimmy Lee
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore; Department of General Psychiatry 1, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore; Office of Clinical Sciences, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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20
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Guo X, Yoshitomi H, Gao M, Qin L, Duan Y, Sun W, Xu T, Xie P, Zhou J, Huang L, Liu T. Guava leaf extracts promote glucose metabolism in SHRSP.Z-Leprfa/Izm rats by improving insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. Altern Ther Health Med 2013; 13:52. [PMID: 23452929 PMCID: PMC3599057 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been associated with insulin-resistance; however, the effective therapies in improving insulin sensitivity are limited. This study is aimed at investigating the effect of Guava Leaf (GL) extracts on glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in SHRSP.Z-Leprfa/Izm rats (SHRSP/ZF), a model of spontaneously metabolic syndrome. Methods Male rats at 7 weeks of age were administered with vehicle water or treated by gavage with 2 g/kg GL extracts daily for six weeks, and their body weights, water and food consumption, glucose tolerance, and insulin resistance were measured. Results Compared with the controls, treatment with GL extracts did not modulate the amounts of water and food consumption, but significantly reduced the body weights at six weeks post treatment. Treatment with GL extracts did not alter the levels of fasting plasma glucose and insulin, but significantly reduced the levels of plasma glucose at 60 and 120 min post glucose challenge, also reduced the values of AUC and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) at 42 days post treatment. Furthermore, treatment with GL extracts promoted IRS-1, AKT, PI3Kp85 expression, then IRS-1, AMKP, and AKT308, but not AKT473, phosphorylation, accompanied by increasing the ratios of membrane to total Glut 4 expression and adiponectin receptor 1 transcription in the skeletal muscles. Conclusions These data indicated that GL extracts improved glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in the skeletal muscles of rats by modulating the insulin-related signaling.
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Fan L, Cao J, Liu L, Li X, Hu G, Hu Y, Zhu B. Frequency, risk factors, prognosis, and genetic polymorphism of the cyclooxygenase-1 gene for aspirin resistance in elderly Chinese patients with cardiovascular disease. Gerontology 2012; 59:122-31. [PMID: 23038044 DOI: 10.1159/000342489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important cause of mortality in elderly patients worldwide. Aspirin resistance has been well reported in CVD. OBJECTIVE The frequency, risk factors, prognosis, and genetic polymorphism of the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) gene for aspirin resistance have not been reported in elderly patients with CVD. We therefore undertook this study to evaluate these associations among elderly Chinese patients with CVD. METHODS Four hundred thirty-one elderly Chinese patients with CVD receiving daily aspirin therapy (≥75 mg) over 1 month were enrolled. Platelet aggregation was measured by light transmission aggregometry (LTA) and thromboelastography platelet mapping assay (TEG) using arachidonic acid (AA) as a stimulus. The median follow-up was 1.8 years. RESULTS After the median follow-up, aspirin-resistant patients were at an increased risk of the composite endpoint compared to nonresistant patients by LTAAA + TEGAA (23.7 vs. 9.2%, p = 0.025). Additionally, Cox proportional hazards regression modeling demonstrated that aspirin resistance and cerebrovascular disease were associated with major adverse long-term outcomes (HR for aspirin resistance = 2.31, 95% CI 1.11-4.81, p = 0.026). The variant G-allele of COX-1 rs1330344 (-1676 A/G) significantly increased the risk of aspirin resistance defined by LTAAA + TEGAA (OR = 1.82, 95% CI 1.13- 2.92, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Aspirin resistance, evaluated by LTAAA + TEGAA, is associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical events in elderly Chinese patients with CVD. The variant G-allele of COX-1 rs1330344 is significantly associated with aspirin resistance defined by LTAAA + TEGAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fan
- Clinical Department of South Building, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, PR China.
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Cao J, Liu L, Fan L, Chen T, Hu G, Hu Y, Zhu B, Li J, Wang H, Li X. The prevalence, risk factors and prognosis of aspirin resistance in elderly male patients with cardiovascular disease. Aging Male 2012; 15:140-7. [PMID: 22452804 DOI: 10.3109/13685538.2012.666584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Aspirin resistance is recognized in different population. However, the prevalence and clinical events of aspirin resistance in elderly male patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) have not been reported. METHODS We enrolled 304 elderly male patients with CVD receiving daily aspirin therapy (≥ 75 mg) more than 1 month. Platelet aggregation was measured by light transmission aggregometry (LTA) and thrombelastography platelet mapping assay (TEG). The median follow-up time was 1.8 years. The primary outcome was the composite of death, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, stroke and transient ischemic attack. RESULTS By LTA, 25 (8.2%) of elderly patients were aspirin resistant and 106 (34.9%) patients were semiresponders. According to TEG, 62 patients (20.4%) were found to be resistant to aspirin therapy. Of the 62 patients with aspirin resistance by TEG, 21 patients were aspirin resistant by LTA. Twenty-two of the 106 semiresponders by LTA were aspirin resistant by TEG. Patients with aspirin resistance or aspirin semiresponders were at increased risk of the composite outcome compared with aspirin-sensitive patients by LTA (18.3% vs 9.8%, Hazard ratio (HR) = 1.864, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.046-3.324 p = 0.039). However, aspirin resistance was not associated with an increased risk of clinical vascular events compared to aspirin-sensitive patients by TEG (17.7% vs 10.9%, p = 0.452). In addition, Cox proportional hazard regression modeling demonstrated that aspirin resistance or semiresponders (HR = 3.050, 95% CI: 1.464-6.354, p = 0.003) and diabetes (HR = 2.055, 95% CI: 1.060-3.981, p = 0.033) were associated with major adverse long-term outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Aspirin resistance or semiresponders, defined by LTA, are associated with an increased risk of adverse clinical events in elderly male patients with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cao
- First Geriatric Cardiology Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Chang YL, Pei C, Pei D, Tang SH, Hsu CH, Chen YL, Hsia TL, Lin JD, Wu CZ, Chang JB. Association Between Platelet Count and Components of Metabolic Syndrome in Geriatric Taiwanese Males. INT J GERONTOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijge.2012.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Ng AC, Wai DC, Tai ES, Ng KM, Chan LL. Visceral adipose tissue, but not waist circumference is a better measure of metabolic risk in Singaporean Chinese and Indian men. Nutr Diabetes 2012; 2:e38. [PMID: 23448802 PMCID: PMC3432182 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2012.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is an independent risk factor in cardiometabolic diseases and is commonly measured by computed tomography (CT). It is measured clinically by waist circumference (WC). The L4/5 intervertebral space VAT (L4/5 VAT) is traditionally used to represent total VAT volume. We set out to determine (1) the level of intervertebral space on CT that best approximates the total VAT volume; (2) compare the association between WC and VAT in Singaporean Chinese and Indian; and (3) examine the correlation between VAT and cardiometabolic risk factors. SUBJECTS A total of 60 Chinese and 60 Asian Indian men older than 60 years were recruited. Their medical history was taken and anthropometry was measured. Fasting glucose, insulin, lipids, adipokines and inflammatory markers were measured. Insulin resistance was evaluated by homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance. VAT was determined by CT. Total VAT volume was calculated in 22 patients from VAT areas at seven intervertebral levels. The optimal VAT area most representative of total VAT volume was determined and used for all patients to approximate total VAT volume. RESULTS The VAT area at L2/3 intervertebral space (L2/3 VAT) correlated almost perfectly with VAT volume (R(2)=0.974 and 0.946 for Chinese and Indians, respectively). SUBJECTS from the two races had similar height, weight, body mass index (BMI), WC and L2/3 VAT but more Indian men had hypertension, hyperlipidemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. WC was correlated with the L2/3 VAT area in both Chinese (r=0.484, P<0.001) and Indian subjects (r=0.366, P=0.004) without racial difference (P=0.2 for interaction term). L2/3 VAT also correlated better with cardiometabolic risk factors, adipokines and C-reactive protein than WC, BMI or L4/5 VAT. CONCLUSION The L2-L3 intervertebral space was the best anatomic level for a single-slice CT cross-sectional area measurement of VAT to approximate total body visceral adipose volume in this population of Chinese and Asian Indian men older than 60 years. L2/3 VAT was better correlated with multiple cardiovascular risk factors, adipokines and inflammatory marker than either L4/5 VAT, WC or BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Ng
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Feng RN, Zhao C, Wang C, Niu YC, Li K, Guo FC, Li ST, Sun CH, Li Y. BMI is strongly associated with hypertension, and waist circumference is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia, in northern Chinese adults. J Epidemiol 2012; 22:317-23. [PMID: 22672914 PMCID: PMC3798650 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20110120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is closely associated with chronic diseases such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and dyslipidemia. We analyzed the optimal obesity index cut-off values for metabolic syndrome (MetS), and identified the obesity index that is more closely associated with these chronic diseases, in a population of northern Chinese. Methods We surveyed 8940 adults (age, 20–74 years) living in northern China for chronic diseases. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis, relative risk, and multivariate regression were used to develop an appropriate index and optimal cut-off values for MetS and obesity-related chronic diseases. Results Waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) were good markers for MetS, WC was a good marker for T2DM and dyslipidemia, and BMI was a good marker for hypertension. The optimal BMI cut-off value of MetS was 24 kg/m2, and the optimal WC cut-offs were 86 cm and 78 cm in men and women, respectively. Relative risk regression models showed that BMI was associated with hypertension, T2DM, and hypertriglyceridemia and a higher prevalence ratio (PR) for hypertension: 2.35 (95% CI, 2.18–2.50). WC was associated with T2DM, hypertension, and hypertriglyceridemia, with PRs of 2.05 (1.63–2.55) for T2DM and 2.47 (2.04–2.85) for hypertriglyceridemia. In multivariate regression models, the standardized regression coefficients (SRCs) of BMI were greater for SBP and DBP, and the SRC of WC was greater for fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postload blood glucose, triglyceride, and total cholesterol. Conclusions Our analysis of a population of northern Chinese indicates that the optimal cut-off values for MetS are WCs of 86 cm in men and 78 cm in women and a BMI of 24 kg/m2 in both sexes. BMI was strongly associated with hypertension, while WC was strongly associated with T2DM and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Nan Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, P R China
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Wang X, Li Z, Liu Y, Lv X, Yang W. Effects of pistachios on body weight in Chinese subjects with metabolic syndrome. Nutr J 2012; 11:20. [PMID: 22472037 PMCID: PMC3383470 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that pistachios can improve blood lipid profiles in subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia which could reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, there is also a widely perceived view that eating nuts can lead to body weight gain due to their high fat content. PURPOSE To investigate the impact of different dosages of pistachios on body weight, blood pressure, blood lipids, blood glucose and insulin in subjects with metabolic syndrome. METHODS Ninety subjects with metabolic syndrome (consistent with 2005 International Diabetes Federation metabolic syndrome standard without diabetes) were enrolled in three endocrinology outpatient clinics in Beijing. All subjects received dietary counseling according to the guidelines of the American Heart Association Step I diet. After a 4 week run-in, subjects were randomized to consume either the recommended daily serving of 42 g pistachios (RSG), a higher daily serving of 70 g pistachio (HSG) or no pistachios (DCG) for 12 weeks. RESULTS Subjects in all three groups were matched at baseline for BMI: DCG 28.03 ± 4.3; RSG 28.12 ± 3.22; and HSG 28.01 ± 4.51 kg/m2. There were no significant changes in body weight or BMI in any groups during the study nor any change from baseline at any time point in any group. During the entire study, there were no significant differences in waist-to-hip ratio among the groups or any change from baseline in any group (DCG -0.00 ± 0.03, RSG -0.01 ± 0.02 and HSG 0.01 ± 0.04). There were no significant differences detected among groups in triglycerides, fasting glucose and 2 hour postprandial glucose following a 75 gram glucose challenge. Exploratory analyses demonstrated that glucose values 2 h after a 75 gm glucose challenge were significantly lower at week 12 compared with baseline values in the HSG group (-1.13 ± 2.58 mmol/L, p = 0.02), and a similar trend was noted in the RSG group (-0.77 ± 2.07 mmol/L, p = 0.06), while no significant change was seen in the DCG group (-0.15 ± 2.27 mmol/L, p = 0.530). At the end of study, serum triglyceride levels were significantly lower compared with baseline in the RSG group (-0.38 ± 0.79 mmol/L, p = 0.018), but no significant changes were observed in the HSG or DCG groups. CONCLUSION Despite concerns that pistachio nut consumption may promote weight gain, the daily ingestion of either 42 g or 70 g of pistachios for 12 weeks did not lead to weight gain or an increase in waist-to-hip ratio in Chinese subjects with metabolic syndrome. In addition, pistachio consumption may improve the risk factor associated with the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sino-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Gallagher LG, Davis LB, Ray RM, Psaty BM, Gao DL, Checkoway H, Thomas DB. Reproductive history and mortality from cardiovascular disease among women textile workers in Shanghai, China. Int J Epidemiol 2011; 40:1510-8. [PMID: 22158661 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyr134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the possible effects of reproductive factors on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks in Asian women. METHODS A cohort of 267,400 female textile workers in Shanghai, China, was administered a questionnaire at enrolment (1989-91) and followed for mortality through 2000. Relative risks (hazard ratios) for ischaemic heart disease (IHD), ischaemic stroke and haemorrhagic stroke were calculated using Cox proportional hazards modelling, adjusting for relevant co-variates. RESULTS Risks were not consistently associated with age at menopause, parity, stillbirths, miscarriages or duration of lactation. An increasing trend in IHD mortality risk, but not stroke, was observed with decreasing age at menarche. There was no evidence of increased CVD mortality risk by oral or injectable contraceptive use or induced abortions. As expected, greater mortality rates from CVD and increased CVD risks were also observed with smoking. CONCLUSIONS Use of steroid contraceptives, induced abortions and reduced parity from China's one-child-per-family policy has not had an adverse effect on risk of CVD mortality in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa G Gallagher
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Matsuda-DeFronzo insulin sensitivity index is a better predictor than HOMA-IR of hypertension in Japanese: the Tanno-Sobetsu study. J Hum Hypertens 2011; 26:325-33. [PMID: 21412265 DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2011.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Here we examined whether the Matsuda-DeFronzo insulin sensitivity index (ISI-M) is more efficient than the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) for assessing risk of hypertension. Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses were conducted using normotensive subjects who were selected among 1399 subjects in the Tanno-Sobetsu cohort. In the cross-sectional analysis (n=740), blood pressure (BP) level was correlated with HOMA-IR and with ISI-M, but correlation coefficients indicate a tighter correlation with ISI-M. Multiple linear regression analysis adjusted by age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and serum triglyceride level (TG) showed contribution of ISI-M and fasting plasma glucose, but not of HOMA-IR. In the longitudinal analysis (n=607), 241 subjects (39.7%) developed hypertension during a 10-year follow-up period, and multiple logistic regression indicated that age, TG, systolic BP and ISI-M, but not HOMA-IR, were associated with development of hypertension. In subjects <60 years old, odds ratio of new-onset hypertension was higher in the low ISI-M group (ISI-M, less than the median) than in the high ISI-M group for any tertile of BMI. In conclusion, ISI-M is a better predictor of hypertension than is HOMA-IR. Non-hepatic IR may be a determinant, which is independent of TG, BP level and BMI, of the development of hypertension.
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Kitagawa K, Choi BW, Chan C, Jinzaki M, Tsai IC, Yong HS, Yu W. ASCI 2010 appropriateness criteria for cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: a report of the Asian Society of Cardiovascular Imaging cardiac computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging guideline working group. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2010; 26:173-86. [PMID: 20734234 PMCID: PMC3252886 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-010-9687-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
There has been a growing need for standard Asian population guidelines for cardiac CT and cardiac MR due to differences in culture, healthcare system, ethnicity and disease prevalence. The Asian Society of Cardiovascular Imaging, as the only society dedicated to cardiovascular imaging in Asia, formed a cardiac CT and cardiac MR guideline working group in order to help Asian practitioners to establish cardiac CT and cardiac MR services. In this ASCI cardiac MR appropriateness criteria report, 23 Technical Panel members representing various Asian countries were invited to rate 50 indications that can frequently be encountered in clinical practice in Asia. Indications were rated on a scale of 1–9 to be categorized into ‘appropriate’ (7–9), ‘uncertain’ (4–6), or ‘inappropriate’ (1–3). According to median scores of the 23 members, the final ratings for indications were 24 appropriate, 18 uncertain and 8 inappropriate with 22 ‘highly-agreed’ (19 appropriate and 3 inappropriate) indications. This report is expected to have a significant impact on the cardiac MR practices in many Asian countries by promoting the appropriate use of cardiac MR.
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Badaruddoza, Kaur P. Familial aggregation of blood pressure with respect to anthropometric variables among the Lobana (nomadic origin) population in Punjab, India. Asia Pac J Public Health 2010; 24:104-16. [PMID: 20566522 DOI: 10.1177/1010539510372539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Familial aggregation of blood pressure with respect to anthropometric characteristics was investigated among the Lobana (a tribal origin) population in Punjab, a North Indian state. A total of 505 individuals comprised the study sample, constituting 116 families of 3 generations. The study represents a multivariate model analysis, which includes family data with respect to blood pressure phenotypes and other metric measurements such as height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and 4 skinfold measurements. A higher correlation for almost all sets of anthropometric variables with blood pressure was found among the offspring generation as compared with the parental and grandparental generations. The study confirmed that the familial aggregation of blood pressure with respect to anthropometric measurements is strong in the offspring generation. The findings suggest that sharing a household environment has a significant effect on familial aggregation especially for systolic blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badaruddoza
- Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
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