1
|
Wei W, Tang M, Wang Q, Li X. Circ_HECW2 regulates ox-LDL-induced dysfunction of cardiovascular endothelial cells by miR-942-5p/TLR4 axis. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2022:CH221550. [PMID: 36213989 DOI: 10.3233/ch-221550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common coronary artery disease. The functional mechanism of circular RNA (circRNA) HECT, C2 and WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 2 (circ_HECW2, hsa_circ_0057583) in ox-LDL-treated human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (hCMECs) is still unclear. METHODS Expression levels of circ_HECW2, microRNA (miR)-942-5p, and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot assays. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were analyzed by 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay, and flow cytometry, respectively. Tube formation assay was performed to analyze the angiogenesis of cells. Luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays were performed to analyze the target relationship among circ_HECW2, miR-942-5p and TLR4. RESULTS Circ_HECW2 and TLR4 expression levels were up-regulated and miR-942-5p expression was decreased in the serum of CAD patients and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced hCMECs. Knockdown of circ_HECW2 enhanced cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis in ox-LDL-treated hCMECs. MiR-942-5p was the target of circ_HECW2 and directly targeted TLR4. Moreover, the effect of circ_HECW2 knockdown could be weakened by anti-miR-942-5p, and TLR4 could restore the function of miR-942-5p on cell damage of ox-LDL-induced hCMECs. CONCLUSION Circ_HECW2 could regulate ox-LDL-induced cardiovascular endothelial cell dysfunction through targeting miR-942-5p/TLR4 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Jiangning Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Emergency Department, Ben Q Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing City, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Papanikolaou M, Crump SM, Abbott GW. The focal adhesion protein Testin modulates KCNE2 potassium channel β subunit activity. Channels (Austin) 2021; 15:229-238. [PMID: 33464998 PMCID: PMC7833772 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2021.1874119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) typically kills more people globally each year than any other single cause of death. A better understanding of genetic predisposition to CAD and the underlying mechanisms will help to identify those most at risk and contribute to improved therapeutic approaches. KCNE2 is a functionally versatile, ubiquitously expressed potassium channel β subunit associated with CAD and cardiac arrhythmia susceptibility in humans and mice. Here, to identify novel KCNE2 interaction partners, we employed yeast two-hybrid screening of adult and fetal human heart libraries using the KCNE2 intracellular C-terminal domain as bait. Testin (encoded by TES), an endothelial cell-expressed, CAD-associated, focal adhesion protein, was identified as a high-confidence interaction partner for KCNE2. We confirmed physical association between KCNE2 and Testin in vitro by co-immunoprecipitation. Whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology revealed that KCNE2 negative-shifts the voltage dependence and increases the rate of activation of the endothelial cell and cardiomyocyte-expressed Kv channel α subunit, Kv1.5 in CHO cells, whereas Testin did not alter Kv1.5 function. However, Testin nullified KCNE2 effects on Kv1.5 voltage dependence and gating kinetics. In contrast, Testin did not prevent KCNE2 regulation of KCNQ1 gating. The data identify a novel role for Testin as a tertiary ion channel regulatory protein. Future studies will address the potential role for KCNE2-Testin interactions in arterial and myocyte physiology and CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papanikolaou
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Shawn M. Crump
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Geoffrey W. Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Smith MC, Baker JR, Gleaves E, Singh A, Kazimuddin M. Twinning: Coronary Artery Disease in Monozygotic Twins. Cureus 2021; 13:e16139. [PMID: 34367763 PMCID: PMC8330499 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a patient whose monozygotic twin brother suffered a fatal myocardial infarction at the age of 40. The patient presented with similar symptoms as his brother. Given the family history, ischemic evaluation was undertaken and revealed similar coronary anatomy and severe coronary artery disease (CAD). We review the current literature regarding genetic and environmental factors regarding coronary anatomy, locations of atherosclerotic lesions, and screening in twins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Smith
- Cardiology, University of Kentucky, Bowling Green, USA
| | - John R Baker
- Cardiology, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Bowling Green, USA
| | - Evan Gleaves
- Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Bowling Green, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Najd Hassan Bonab L, Moazzam-Jazi M, Miri Moosavi RS, Fallah MS, Lanjanian H, Masjoudi S, Daneshpour MS. Low HDL concentration in rs2048327-G carriers can predispose men to develop coronary heart disease: Tehran Cardiometabolic genetic study (TCGS). Gene 2021; 778:145485. [PMID: 33581269 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) highlighted the importance of genetic variations on SLC22A3 and MIA3 genes in developing coronary heart disease (CHD) among different ethnicities. However, the influence of these variations is not recognized within the Iranian population. Hence, in the present study, we aim to investigate two key single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on CHD incidence in this population. For this purpose, from Tehran Cardiometabolic Genetic Study (TCGS), 453 individuals with CHD were selected as a case and 453 individuals as a control that matched their age and gender. After quality control of two selected SNPs, rs2048327 (SLC22A3) and rs17465637 (MIA3), we used genotyps resulted from chip-typing technology and conducted the logistic regression analysis adjusted for non-genetic risk factors to detect the possible association of these SNPs with the CHD development. Our findings demonstrated the rs2048327-G and rs17465637-C can significantly increase the risk of CHD development about two times in only males and females, respectively. Interestingly, in the male carriers of the risk allele (G) of rs2048327, the low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level can significantly predispose them to develop coronary heart disease in the future. According to our results, paying more attention to gender and genetic markers can help more efficient coronary heart disease screening and diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Najd Hassan Bonab
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Moazzam-Jazi
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Hossein Lanjanian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sajedeh Masjoudi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam S Daneshpour
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long noncoding RNAs have gradually been reported to be an important class of RNAs with pivotal roles in the development and progression of myocardial infarction (MI). In this study, we hypothesized that genetic variant of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B antisense RNA (ANRIL) may affect the prognosis of MI patients. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies including 11,269 cases and 10,707 controls on the association of 5 ANRIL single nucleotide polymorphism and the overall risk of MI or coronary artery disease (CAD) was performed. RESULTS In the meta-analysis, rs4977574 A > G, rs1333040 C > T, rs1333042 A > G and rs10757274 A > G ANRIL polymorphisms were correlated with overall MI or CAD risk. No significant associations were found between ANRIL rs1333049 G > C polymorphism and CAD risk. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that ANRIL polymorphism (rs4977574, rs1333040, rs1333042, and rs10757274) were more generally associated with CAD or MI risk. Further experimental studies to evaluate the limits of this hypothesis are warranted, and future functional studies are required to clarify the possible mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-nan Zhang
- Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Institute of Technology
| | - Bo Qiang
- Department of orthopedics, Harbin fifth hospital, Harbin
| | - Li-juan Fu
- Department of infectious medicine, xiang ’an hospital of xiamen university, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Y, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Xu X, Bi L, Zhang M, Yu B, Zhang Y. Association of lncRNA polymorphisms with triglyceride and total cholesterol levels among myocardial infarction patients in Chinese population. Gene 2019; 724:143684. [PMID: 30898706 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.02.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM The long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have gradually been reported to be an important class of RNAs with pivotal roles in the development and progression of myocardial infarction (MI). In this study, we hypothesized that genetic variant of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B antisense RNA (ANRIL) and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) may affect the prognosis of MI patients. METHODS The study included 401 Han Chinese MI patients and 409 controls. Four lncRNA tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)-ANRIL rs9632884 and rs1537373, MALAT1 rs619586 and rs3200401-were selected. SNP genotyping was performed by an improved multiplex ligation detection reaction assay. RESULTS rs9632884 and rs3200401 SNPs were significantly associated with lipid levels in both controls and MI patients (P < 0.003-0.046). Several SNPs interacted with sex and age to modify total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and creatinine levels to modify the risk of MI. No association between the lncRNAs SNPs and susceptibility to MI was found (P > 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, this study provides additional evidence that genetic variation of the ANRIL rs9632884 and MALAT1 rs3200401 can mediate lipid levels in MI patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilan Li
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yanxiu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xueming Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Lei Bi
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China; Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gamal R. Progress in genetics of coronary artery disease. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
8
|
Janggen C, Gräni C, Brunner J, Trachsel LD, Windecker S, Eser P, Räber L, Wilhelm M. Sports engagement and age at first myocardial infarction in men under 55 years of age. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184035. [PMID: 28934213 PMCID: PMC5608204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Low levels of physical activity in childhood are associated with clustering of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) as predisposition for atherosclerosis. We assessed the association between sports engagement and age at first myocardial infarction (MI) in a cohort of men under 55 years of age. Methods The Bern percutaneous coronary intervention Registry (NCT 02241291) was analyzed from March 2009 until January 2012. Male patients with first MI, age 18 to 54 years and body mass index ≤25kg/m2 were included. Patients were stratified into two groups based on their starting age with organized sports ≥1 h/week outside school (EARLY: <18, CONTROL: ≥18 years or never). We assessed age at time of first MI, CVRF, and volume of sports training. Results Of 4,394 consecutive patients, 123 fulfilled the inclusion criteria (EARLY n = 81, CONTROL n = 42). Age at the time of first MI was 3 years younger in the EARLY compared to the CONTROL group (46.8±6.0 vs. 49.8±4.6 years, p = 0.006). Total lifetime training hours, and average yearly training hours, both, before and after age 18, were significantly greater in the EARLY group. Years of training <18 years were weakly inversely correlated with age at first MI (r2 = 0.075, p = 0.002). The proportion of sports-related MI was not different between EARLY and CONTROL (13.6% vs. 11.9%). Patients in the EARLY group had fewer CVRF (2 vs. 3; p = 0.001). Prevalence of smoking was equally high in both groups (63.0% and 64.3%). Conclusions In our patients aged 54 and younger, the first MI occurred 3 years earlier in those who started regular sports activity before age 18, despite a more active lifestyle and favorable CVRF profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Janggen
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Gräni
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Brunner
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lukas D. Trachsel
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Windecker
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Prisca Eser
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Räber
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Wilhelm
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wu BW, Zhu J, Shi HM, Jin B, Wen ZC. Association between Toll-like receptor 4 Asp299Gly polymorphism and coronary heart disease susceptibility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 50:e6306. [PMID: 28793055 PMCID: PMC5572853 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20176306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Published data on the association between Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) Asp299Gly polymorphism and coronary heart disease (CHD) susceptibility are inconclusive. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, a meta-analysis was performed. English-language studies were identified by searching PubMed and Embase databases (up to November 2016). All epidemiological studies were regarding Caucasians because no TLR4 Asp/Gly and Gly/Gly genotypes have been detected in Asians. A total of 20 case-control studies involving 14,416 cases and 10,764 controls were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, no significant associations were found between TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism and CHD susceptibility in the dominant model (OR=0.89; 95%CI=0.74 to 1.06; P=0.20) pooled in the meta-analysis. In the subgroup analysis by CHD, non-significant associations were found in cases compared to controls. When stratified by control source, no significantly decreased risk was found in the additive model or dominant model. The present meta-analysis suggests that the TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism was not associated with decreased CHD risk in Caucasians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B W Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - J Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - H M Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - B Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z C Wen
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Noorabad-Ghahroodi F, Abdi S, Zand AH, Najafi M. HGDB: A web retrieving cardiovascular-associated gene data. Int J Cardiol 2017; 232:117-120. [PMID: 28087174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of data obtained from high throughput techniques in genetics studies is an essential subject in biology. The system approaches of networking and enriching may improve the data management. Here, we annotated the molecular features for cardiovascular-associated genes and presented the HGDB search-based database (www.hgdb.ir). METHODS The initial seed data was primarily used from Gene Ontology and was automatically enriched with other molecular features. The data was managed in a SQL popular and open source. RESULTS The search tabs on the HGDB homepage were applied for ID/Name Gene, chromosome, cell organelle and all gene options. The search results were presented on the gene text-based and source link-based descriptions. CONCLUSIONS The HGDB is a friendly website to present gene data in the cardiovascular field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Samaneh Abdi
- West Tehran Islamic Azad University, School of Engineering, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Zand
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Biochemistry Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mohammad Najafi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Biochemistry Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Implications of ACE (I/D) Gene Variants to the Genetic Susceptibility of Coronary Artery Disease in Asian Indians. Indian J Clin Biochem 2016; 32:163-170. [PMID: 28428690 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-016-0588-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE) gene has established substantial attention in the recent years as a candidate gene for hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of ACE (I/D) polymorphism with coronary artery disease (CAD) in a north Indian population. A total of 662 subjects (330 CAD patients and 332 healthy controls) were examined for association of ACE gene (I/D) polymorphism and environmental risk factors. The mean age of the CAD patients and control subjects was 60.53 ± 8.6 years and 56.55 ± 7.7 years, respectively (p = 0.000). Anthropometric and demographic data showed BMI values significantly higher among CAD patients and control subjects (26.98 ± 4.9 vs 24.04 ± 4.7, p = 0.000). We observed pronounced central obesity in both CAD patients and controls, even at the lowest BMI values (<23 kg/m2). Dyslipidemia was highly prevalent in CAD patients compared to control subjects. Genotypic data showed significantly higher frequency of DD genotype in CAD patients than that of control subjects (40 vs 28.3 %). No significant difference was observed in the distribution of ID genotypes between CAD patients and control subjects. Logistic regression analysis of data demonstrate that DD genotype was associated with 1.8 fold increased risk of development of CAD in Asian Indians (OR 1.8; 95 % CI 1.22-2.66; p = 0.003). The frequency of D allele was significantly higher in CAD patients (p = 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the clinical and biochemical characteristics of CAD patients and controls when the data was stratified according to the genotypes of ACE gene. In conclusion, DD genotype of ACE gene may be associated with increased risk of CAD in Asian Indian population.
Collapse
|
12
|
Dai X, Wiernek S, Evans JP, Runge MS. Genetics of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. World J Cardiol 2016; 8:1-23. [PMID: 26839654 PMCID: PMC4728103 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v8.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD) comprises a broad spectrum of clinical entities that include asymptomatic subclinical atherosclerosis and its clinical complications, such as angina pectoris, myocardial infarction (MI) and sudden cardiac death. CAD continues to be the leading cause of death in industrialized society. The long-recognized familial clustering of CAD suggests that genetics plays a central role in its development, with the heritability of CAD and MI estimated at approximately 50% to 60%. Understanding the genetic architecture of CAD and MI has proven to be difficult and costly due to the heterogeneity of clinical CAD and the underlying multi-decade complex pathophysiological processes that involve both genetic and environmental interactions. This review describes the clinical heterogeneity of CAD and MI to clarify the disease spectrum in genetic studies, provides a brief overview of the historical understanding and estimation of the heritability of CAD and MI, recounts major gene discoveries of potential causal mutations in familial CAD and MI, summarizes CAD and MI-associated genetic variants identified using candidate gene approaches and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and summarizes the current status of the construction and validations of genetic risk scores for lifetime risk prediction and guidance for preventive strategies. Potential protective genetic factors against the development of CAD and MI are also discussed. Finally, GWAS have identified multiple genetic factors associated with an increased risk of in-stent restenosis following stent placement for obstructive CAD. This review will also address genetic factors associated with in-stent restenosis, which may ultimately guide clinical decision-making regarding revascularization strategies for patients with CAD and MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Dai
- Xuming Dai, Szymon Wiernek, Marschall S Runge, Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Szymon Wiernek
- Xuming Dai, Szymon Wiernek, Marschall S Runge, Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - James P Evans
- Xuming Dai, Szymon Wiernek, Marschall S Runge, Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Marschall S Runge
- Xuming Dai, Szymon Wiernek, Marschall S Runge, Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Maurovich-Horvat P, Tárnoki DL, Tárnoki ÁD, Horváth T, Jermendy ÁL, Kolossváry M, Szilveszter B, Voros V, Kovács A, Molnár AÁ, Littvay L, Lamb HJ, Voros S, Jermendy G, Merkely B. Rationale, Design, and Methodological Aspects of the BUDAPEST-GLOBAL Study (Burden of Atherosclerotic Plaques Study in Twins-Genetic Loci and the Burden of Atherosclerotic Lesions). Clin Cardiol 2015; 38:699-707. [PMID: 26492817 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The heritability of coronary atherosclerotic plaque burden, coronary geometry, and phenotypes associated with increased cardiometabolic risk are largely unknown. The primary aim of the Burden of Atherosclerotic Plaques Study in Twins-Genetic Loci and the Burden of Atherosclerotic Lesions (BUDAPEST-GLOBAL) study is to evaluate the influence of genetic and environmental factors on the burden of coronary artery disease. By design this is a prospective, single-center, classical twin study. In total, 202 twins (61 monozygotic pairs, 40 dizygotic same-sex pairs) were enrolled from the Hungarian Twin Registry database. All twins underwent non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) for the detection and quantification of coronary artery calcium and for the measurement of epicardial fat volumes. In addition, a single non-contrast-enhanced image slice was acquired at the level of L3-L4 to assess abdominal fat distribution. Coronary CT angiography was used for the detection and quantification of plaque, stenosis, and overall coronary artery disease burden. For the primary analysis, we will assess the presence and volume of atherosclerotic plaques. Furthermore, the 3-dimensional coronary geometry will be assessed based on the coronary CT angiography datasets. Additional phenotypic analyses will include per-patient epicardial and abdominal fat quantity measurements. Measurements obtained from monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs will be compared to evaluate the genetic or environmental effects of the given phenotype. The BUDAPEST-GLOBAL study provides a unique framework to shed some light on the genetic and environmental influences of cardiometabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pál Maurovich-Horvat
- MTA-SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid L Tárnoki
- Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám D Tárnoki
- Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Horváth
- Department of Hydrodynamic Systems, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám L Jermendy
- MTA-SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márton Kolossváry
- MTA-SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Szilveszter
- MTA-SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Viktor Voros
- Scientific Affairs, Global Institute for Research, LLC, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Attila Kovács
- MTA-SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Á Molnár
- Department of Cardiology, Military Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Levente Littvay
- Department of Political Science, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hildo J Lamb
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Szilard Voros
- Scientific Affairs, Global Institute for Research, LLC, Richmond, Virginia
| | - György Jermendy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bajcsy-Zsilinszky Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Merkely
- MTA-SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Neelankavil J, Rau CD, Wang Y. The Genetic Basis of Coronary Artery Disease and Atrial Fibrillation: A Search for Disease Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2015; 29:1328-32. [PMID: 25976605 PMCID: PMC4539278 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2015.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yibin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology; Department of Medicine and Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hua L, Xia H, Zhou P, Li D, Li L. Combination of microRNA expression profiling with genome-wide SNP genotyping to construct a coronary artery disease-related miRNA-miRNA synergistic network. Biosci Trends 2015; 8:297-307. [PMID: 25641175 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2014.01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, microRNAs (miRNAs) were found to play critical roles in many important biological processes. On the other hand, the rapid development of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) help identify potential genetic variants associated with the disease phenotypic variance. Therefore, we suggested a combined analysis of microRNA expression profiling with genome-wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) genotyping to identify potential disease-related biomarkers. Considering functional SNPs in miRNA genes or target sites might be important signals associated with human complex diseases, we constructed a miRNA-miRNA synergistic network related to coronary artery disease (CAD) by performing a genome-wide scan for SNPs in human miRNA 3' -untranslated regions (UTRs) target sites and computed potential SNP cooperation effects contributing to disease based on potential miRNA-SNP interactions reported recently. Furthermore, we identified some potential CAD-related miRNAs by analyzing the constructed miRNAmiRNA synergistic network. As a result, the predicted miRNA-miRNA network and miRNA clusters were validated by significantly high interaction effects of CAD-related miRNAs. Accurate classification performances were obtained for all of the identified miRNA clusters, and the sensitivity and specificity were all more than 90%. The network topological analysis confirmed some novel CAD-related miRNAs identified recently by experiments. Our method might help to understand miRNA function and CAD disease, as well as to explore the novel mechanisms involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Hua
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University; Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lee SM, Nguyen D, Hu Z, Abbott GW. Kcne2 deletion promotes atherosclerosis and diet-dependent sudden death. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 87:148-51. [PMID: 26307149 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. An estimated half of cases involve genetic predisposition. Sequence variants in human KCNE2, which encodes a cardiac and epithelial K(+) channel β subunit, cause inherited cardiac arrhythmias. Unexpectedly, human KCNE2 polymorphisms also associate with predisposition to atherosclerosis, with unestablished causality or mechanisms. Here, we report that germline Kcne2 deletion promotes atherosclerosis in mice, overcoming the relative resistance of this species to plaque deposition. In female western diet-fed mice, Kcne2 deletion increased plaque deposition >6-fold and also caused premature ventricular complexes and sudden death. The data establish causality for the first example of ion channel-linked atherosclerosis, and demonstrate that the severity of Kcne2-linked cardiac arrhythmias is strongly diet-dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Min Lee
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Dept. of Pharmacology, Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Dara Nguyen
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Dept. of Pharmacology, Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Zhaoyang Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Geoffrey W Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Dept. of Pharmacology, Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Juma S, Imrhan V, Vijayagopal P, Prasad C. Prescribing Personalized Nutrition for Cardiovascular Health: Are We Ready? JOURNAL OF NUTRIGENETICS AND NUTRIGENOMICS 2015; 7:153-60. [DOI: 10.1159/000370213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
18
|
Abraham G, Bhalala OG, de Bakker PIW, Ripatti S, Inouye M. Towards a molecular systems model of coronary artery disease. Curr Cardiol Rep 2015; 16:488. [PMID: 24743898 PMCID: PMC4050311 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-014-0488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complex disease driven by myriad interactions of genetics and environmental factors. Traditionally, studies have analyzed only 1 disease factor at a time, providing useful but limited understanding of the underlying etiology. Recent advances in cost-effective and high-throughput technologies, such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping, exome/genome/RNA sequencing, gene expression microarrays, and metabolomics assays have enabled the collection of millions of data points in many thousands of individuals. In order to make sense of such 'omics' data, effective analytical methods are needed. We review and highlight some of the main results in this area, focusing on integrative approaches that consider multiple modalities simultaneously. Such analyses have the potential to uncover the genetic basis of CAD, produce genomic risk scores (GRS) for disease prediction, disentangle the complex interactions underlying disease, and predict response to treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gad Abraham
- Medical Systems Biology, Department of Pathology and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
He YH, Lu X, Bi MX, Yang LQ, Xu LY, Kong QP. The reduction of vascular disease risk mutations contributes to longevity in the Chinese population. Meta Gene 2014; 2:761-8. [PMID: 25606459 PMCID: PMC4287879 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Genetic factors play important roles in determining human lifespan. Although some “longevity genes” have been identified to be implicated in human longevity, many disease-associated variants were also observed in the long-lived individuals. The oldest old and their offspring usually have a lower prevalence of age-related diseases, which is likely attributed to a reduction or an absence of disease risk variants. Methods and results To test this hypothesis, 23 disease risk single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), identified by previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs), were selected and genotyped in 1074 samples consisting of 574 longevity subjects (over 90 years old) and 500 younger controls. Our results revealed that 5 SNPs (rs2144300, rs1864163, rs2200733, rs1967017, and rs7193343) displayed significantly lower allelic frequencies and odds ratios (ORs) in the longevity group than that in the control group. The frequencies of homozygous mutation genotypes and corresponding ORs of the rs1864163, rs2200733, rs127430, rs1967017, and rs12413409 were lower in the longevity subjects. Interestingly, most of the abovementioned SNPs convey susceptibility to cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading cause of deaths in old adults but shows a much lower incidence in the longevity individuals and their offspring. Conclusion Taking into account the observation that the longevity subjects and their offspring have lower rate of cardiovascular mortality, it is then most plausible that the lack of disease risk variants, especially the CVD, is a genetic contributor to longevity in the Chinese population. 23 disease risk gene polymorphisms were determined in 1074 subjects. 5 polymorphisms displayed lower allelic frequencies in longevity subjects. Lack of disease risk variants contributes to longevity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Han He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Ming-Xin Bi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Li-Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Liang-You Xu
- Dujiangyan Longevity Research Centre, Dujiangyan 611830, China
| | - Qing-Peng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
- KIZ/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming 650223, China
- Corresponding author at: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China. Tel./fax: + 86 871 65197967.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Design and evaluation of mixed self-assembled monolayers for a potential use in everolimus eluting coronary stents. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 112:330-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
21
|
Kones R. Molecular sources of residual cardiovascular risk, clinical signals, and innovative solutions: relationship with subclinical disease, undertreatment, and poor adherence: implications of new evidence upon optimizing cardiovascular patient outcomes. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2013; 9:617-70. [PMID: 24174878 PMCID: PMC3808150 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s37119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Residual risk, the ongoing appreciable risk of major cardiovascular events (MCVE) in statin-treated patients who have achieved evidence-based lipid goals, remains a concern among cardiologists. Factors that contribute to this continuing risk are atherogenic non-low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles and atherogenic processes unrelated to LDL cholesterol, including other risk factors, the inherent properties of statin drugs, and patient characteristics, ie, genetics and behaviors. In addition, providers, health care systems, the community, public policies, and the environment play a role. Major statin studies suggest an average 28% reduction in LDL cholesterol and a 31% reduction in relative risk, leaving a residual risk of about 69%. Incomplete reductions in risk, and failure to improve conditions that create risk, may result in ongoing progression of atherosclerosis, with new and recurring lesions in original and distant culprit sites, remodeling, arrhythmias, rehospitalizations, invasive procedures, and terminal disability. As a result, identification of additional agents to reduce residual risk, particularly administered together with statin drugs, has been an ongoing quest. The current model of atherosclerosis involves many steps during which disease may progress independently of guideline-defined elevations in LDL cholesterol. Differences in genetic responsiveness to statin therapy, differences in ability of the endothelium to regenerate and repair, and differences in susceptibility to nonlipid risk factors, such as tobacco smoking, hypertension, and molecular changes associated with obesity and diabetes, may all create residual risk. A large number of inflammatory and metabolic processes may also provide eventual therapeutic targets to lower residual risk. Classically, epidemiologic and other evidence suggested that raising high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol would be cardioprotective. When LDL cholesterol is aggressively lowered to targets, low HDL cholesterol levels are still inversely related to MCVE. The efflux capacity, or ability to relocate cholesterol out of macrophages, is believed to be a major antiatherogenic mechanism responsible for reduction in MCVE mediated in part by healthy HDL. HDL cholesterol is a complex molecule with antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, antiplatelet, and vasodilatory properties, among which is protection of LDL from oxidation. HDL-associated paraoxonase-1 has a major effect on endothelial function. Further, HDL promotes endothelial repair and progenitor cell health, and supports production of nitric oxide. HDL from patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and autoimmune disease may fail to protect or even become proinflammatory or pro-oxidant. Mendelian randomization and other clinical studies in which raising HDL cholesterol has not been beneficial suggest that high plasma levels do not necessarily reduce cardiovascular risk. These data, coupled with extensive preclinical information about the functional heterogeneity of HDL, challenge the "HDL hypothesis", ie, raising HDL cholesterol per se will reduce MCVE. After the equivocal AIM-HIGH (Atherothrombosis Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome With Low HDL/High Triglycerides: Impact on Global Health Outcomes) study and withdrawal of two major cholesteryl ester transfer protein compounds, one for off-target adverse effects and the other for lack of efficacy, development continues for two other agents, ie, anacetrapib and evacetrapib, both of which lower LDL cholesterol substantially. The negative but controversial HPS2-THRIVE (the Heart Protection Study 2-Treatment of HDL to Reduce the Incidence of Vascular Events) trial casts further doubt on the HDL cholesterol hypothesis. The growing impression that HDL functionality, rather than abundance, is clinically important is supported by experimental evidence highlighting the conditional pleiotropic actions of HDL. Non-HDL cholesterol reflects the cholesterol in all atherogenic particles containing apolipoprotein B, and has outperformed LDL cholesterol as a lipid marker of cardiovascular risk and future mortality. In addition to including a measure of residual risk, the advantages of using non-HDL cholesterol as a primary lipid target are now compelling. Reinterpretation of data from the Treating to New Targets study suggests that better control of smoking, body weight, hypertension, and diabetes will help lower residual risk. Although much improved, control of risk factors other than LDL cholesterol currently remains inadequate due to shortfalls in compliance with guidelines and poor patient adherence. More efficient and greater use of proven simple therapies, such as aspirin, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers, combined with statin therapy, may be more fruitful in improving outcomes than using other complex therapies. Comprehensive, intensive, multimechanistic, global, and national programs using primordial, primary, and secondary prevention to lower the total level of cardiovascular risk are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kones
- Cardiometabolic Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|