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Milajerdi A, Bagheri F, Mousavi SM, Hassanzadeh Keshteli A, Saneei P, Esmaillzadeh A, Adibi P. Breakfast skipping and prevalence of heartburn syndrome among Iranian adults. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:2173-2181. [PMID: 33184767 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-01065-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Limited data are available linking breakfast consumption to Heart Burn Syndrome (HBS). This study was done to investigate to find whether breakfast consumption is associated with HBS. This cross-sectional study was done to investigate the association between breakfast consumption and HBS among Iranian adults. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed among 4763 general adults of Isfahan, Iran. Participants' patterns of breakfast eating were assessed by asking two questions from them. How often do you eat breakfast in a week?" Participants were able to respond as: "never or 1 day/wk", "2-4 days/wk", "5-6 days/wk", "every day". HBS was defined as the presence of HBS at sometimes, often or always using a Persian version of validated self-administered modified ROME III questionnaire. RESULTS Totally, 4763 patients with HBS completed this cross-sectional study, where about 32.4% of them intake breakfast less than one time per week. After controlling for potential confounders, participants who consumed breakfast every day had a 43% lower risk for having HBS as compared with those who had breakfast ≤ 1 times/wk (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.41-0.80). A significant inverse relationship was found between breakfast consumption and frequent than scare HBS (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.40-0.77) among the whole population, not in patients with HBS. No significant association was observed between breakfast intake and severity of HBS (OR 0.56; 95% CI 0.31-1.04). CONCLUSION We found an inverse association between frequency of breakfast consumption and odds of HBS as well as the frequency of HBS among the adult population. Prospective studies are required to confirm these findings. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Milajerdi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fariba Bagheri
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ammar Hassanzadeh Keshteli
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Integrative Functional Gastroenterology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Polamreddy P, Vishwakarma V, Saxena P. Identification of potential anti-hepatitis C virus agents targeting non structural protein 5B using computational techniques. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:8574-8587. [PMID: 30058078 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) is an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that plays a key role in HCV replication, and, hence, NS5B is an attractive target for hepatitis C drug discovery. Hepatitis C is a chronic liver disease affecting the global population significantly. Many NS5B inhibitors targeting active site were launched in recent years, however, still there exists a pressing need for cost-effective therapies with pan genotypic activity and therapies targeting niche HCV population with comorbities and resistant to earlier therapies. The objective of the current study is to identify potential anti-HCV agents from FDA approved drugs that are already in the market for a different disease-Drug repurposing approach. A combination of computational chemistry and computational biology techniques was used to discover potential therapies for hepatitis C targeting the NS5B Thumb I allosteric site. Computational chemistry analysis emphasized the fact that fluvastatin, a lipid lowering agent, and olopatadine, an antihistamine, exhibited good binding affinity to NS5B. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis brought to light the significant overlap between disease characteristic features and the mechanism of action of fluvastatin and olopatadine. The current study concludes the potentially beneficial use of fluvastatin in niche hepatitis C patient population suffering from nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanthi Polamreddy
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India.,Pharma Analytics Department, Excelra Knowledge Solutions Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, India
| | - Vinita Vishwakarma
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | - Puneet Saxena
- Pharma Analytics Department, Excelra Knowledge Solutions Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad, India
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluvastatin is thought to be the least potent statin on the market, however, the dose-related magnitude of effect of fluvastatin on blood lipids is not known. OBJECTIVES Primary objectiveTo quantify the effects of various doses of fluvastatin on blood total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL cholesterol), high-density lipoprotein (HDL cholesterol), and triglycerides in participants with and without evidence of cardiovascular disease.Secondary objectivesTo quantify the variability of the effect of various doses of fluvastatin.To quantify withdrawals due to adverse effects (WDAEs) in randomised placebo-controlled trials. SEARCH METHODS The Cochrane Hypertension Information Specialist searched the following databases for randomised controlled trials up to February 2017: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (2017, Issue 1), MEDLINE (1946 to February Week 2 2017), MEDLINE In-Process, MEDLINE Epub Ahead of Print, Embase (1974 to February Week 2 2017), the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, CDSR, DARE, Epistemonikos and ClinicalTrials.gov. We also contacted authors of relevant papers regarding further published and unpublished work. No language restrictions were applied. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised placebo-controlled and uncontrolled before and after trials evaluating the dose response of different fixed doses of fluvastatin on blood lipids over a duration of three to 12 weeks in participants of any age with and without evidence of cardiovascular disease. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed eligibility criteria for studies to be included, and extracted data. We entered data from placebo-controlled and uncontrolled before and after trials into Review Manager 5 as continuous and generic inverse variance data, respectively. WDAEs information was collected from the placebo-controlled trials. We assessed all trials using the 'Risk of bias' tool under the categories of sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding, incomplete outcome data, selective reporting, and other potential biases. MAIN RESULTS One-hundred and forty-five trials (36 placebo controlled and 109 before and after) evaluated the dose-related efficacy of fluvastatin in 18,846 participants. The participants were of any age with and without evidence of cardiovascular disease, and fluvastatin effects were studied within a treatment period of three to 12 weeks. Log dose-response data over doses of 2.5 mg to 80 mg revealed strong linear dose-related effects on blood total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and a weak linear dose-related effect on blood triglycerides. There was no dose-related effect of fluvastatin on blood HDL cholesterol. Fluvastatin 10 mg/day to 80 mg/day reduced LDL cholesterol by 15% to 33%, total cholesterol by 11% to 25% and triglycerides by 3% to 17.5%. For every two-fold dose increase there was a 6.0% (95% CI 5.4 to 6.6) decrease in blood LDL cholesterol, a 4.2% (95% CI 3.7 to 4.8) decrease in blood total cholesterol and a 4.2% (95% CI 2.0 to 6.3) decrease in blood triglycerides. The quality of evidence for these effects was judged to be high. When compared to atorvastatin and rosuvastatin, fluvastatin was about 12-fold less potent than atorvastatin and 46-fold less potent than rosuvastatin at reducing LDL cholesterol. Very low quality of evidence showed no difference in WDAEs between fluvastatin and placebo in 16 of 36 of these short-term trials (risk ratio 1.52 (95% CI 0.94 to 2.45). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Fluvastatin lowers blood total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride in a dose-dependent linear fashion. Based on the effect on LDL cholesterol, fluvastatin is 12-fold less potent than atorvastatin and 46-fold less potent than rosuvastatin. This review did not provide a good estimate of the incidence of harms associated with fluvastatin because of the short duration of the trials and the lack of reporting of adverse effects in 56% of the placebo-controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Adams
- University of British ColumbiaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics2176 Health Sciences Mall, Medical Block CVancouverBCCanadaV6T 1Z3
| | - Sarpreet S Sekhon
- University of British ColumbiaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics2176 Health Sciences Mall, Medical Block CVancouverBCCanadaV6T 1Z3
| | - Michael Tsang
- McMaster UniversityDepartment of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine Residency Office, Faculty of Medicine1200 Main Street WestHSC 3W10HamiltonONCanadaL8N 3N5
| | - James M Wright
- University of British ColumbiaDepartment of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics2176 Health Sciences Mall, Medical Block CVancouverBCCanadaV6T 1Z3
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Ferretti G, Bacchetti T, Banach M, Simental-Mendía LE, Sahebkar A. Impact of Statin Therapy on Plasma MMP-3, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 Concentrations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials. Angiology 2017; 68:850-862. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319716688301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are associated with the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Statin therapy has been shown to modulate MMPs and TIMP-1 levels, but clinical findings have not been conclusive. This study aimed to systematically review the clinical findings on the impact of statin therapy on plasma MMP-9, MMP-3, and TIMP-1 levels and calculate an effect size for the mentioned effect through a meta-analysis of available data. A total of 10 eligible studies with 11 treatment arms were included in the meta-analysis. Statin therapy had no significant effect on plasma MMP-9 (standardized mean difference [SMD]: −0.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.69 to 0.24, P = .345) nor MMP-3 concentrations (SMD: −0.004, 95% CI: −0.60 to 0.59, P = .990). However, meta-analysis demonstrated that statin therapy significantly decreases plasma TIMP-1 levels (SMD: −0.30, 95% CI: −0.56 to −0.03, P = .029). Random-effects meta-regression indicated that neither treatment duration nor changes in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are associated with changes in plasma MMP-9 levels following statin therapy. The results of the present meta-analysis suggested a significant reduction in plasma concentrations of TIMP-1, but not MMP-9 and MMP-3, following statin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Ferretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bacchetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Metabolic Research Centre, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Amin M, Pushpakumar S, Muradashvili N, Kundu S, Tyagi SC, Sen U. Regulation and involvement of matrix metalloproteinases in vascular diseases. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2016; 21:89-118. [PMID: 26709763 PMCID: PMC5462461 DOI: 10.2741/4378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc dependent endopeptidases whose main function is to degrade and deposit structural proteins within the extracellular matrix (ECM). A dysregulation of MMPs is linked to vascular diseases. MMPs are classified into collagenases, gelatinases, membrane-type, metalloelastase, stromelysins, matrilysins, enamelysins, and unclassified subgroups. The production of MMPs is stimulated by factors such as oxidative stress, growth factors and inflammation which lead to its up- or down-regulation with subsequent ECM remodeling. Normally, excess activation of MMPs is controlled by their endogenous inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). An imbalance of MMPs and TIMPs has been implicated in hypertension, atherosclerotic plaque formation and instability, aortic aneurysms and varicose vein wall remodeling. Also, recent evidence suggests epigenetic regulation of some MMPs in angiogenesis and atherosclerosis. Over the years, pharmacological inhibitors of MMPs have been used to modify or prevent the development of the disease with some success. In this review, we discuss recent advances in MMP biology, and their involvement in the manifestation of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Amin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY-40202
| | - Sathnur Pushpakumar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY-40202
| | - Nino Muradashvili
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY-40202
| | - Sourav Kundu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY-40202
| | - Suresh C Tyagi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY-40202
| | - Utpal Sen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY-40202,
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Momenizadeh A, Heidari R, Sadeghi M, Tabesh F, Ekramzadeh M, Haghighatian Z, Golshahi J, Baseri M. Effects of oat and wheat bread consumption on lipid profile, blood sugar, and endothelial function in hypercholesterolemic patients: A randomized controlled clinical trial. ARYA ATHEROSCLEROSIS 2014; 10:259-65. [PMID: 25477983 PMCID: PMC4251477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased lipid profile after each meal can disturb the endothelial function. The present study assessed the effects of bread supplemented with oat bran on serum lipids and endothelial dysfunction in patients with hypercholesterolemia. METHODS This clinical trial was conducted on 60 isolated hypercholesterolemic patients. The subjects were randomly allocated to either intervention (consuming at least five daily servings of oat bread with 6 g beta-glucan) or control (receiving at least five servings of wheat bread). Anthropometric indicators, fasting blood sugar and lipid profiles ere measured at baseline and after 6 weeks (in the end of the intervention). Endothelial function was assessed using flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Within the group and between group differences were investigated using paired t-test and Student's t-test, respectively. RESULTS Oat bread consumption could significantly reduce total cholesterol (P = 0.029). A significant increase in baseline and after ischemia brachial artery diameters at the end of the study was seen. However, it did not have a significant effect on FMD (P = 0.825). In the control group, none of the measured indices had changed significantly at the end of the study. Finally, only the mean change of brachial artery diameter after ischemia and baseline brachial artery diameter were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (P = 0.036 and P = 0.012 respectively). CONCLUSION Oat bread with beta-glucan could successfully reduce cholesterol levels. Furthermore, in this study oat bread did not reduce FMD more than wheat bread. Since hypercholesterolemia is a proven risk factor for endothelial dysfunction, hypercholesterolemic patients can hence be advised to eat oat bread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Momenizadeh
- Resident, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ramin Heidari
- Assistant Professor, Hypertension Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Sadeghi
- Associate Professor, Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Correspondence to: Masoumeh Sadeghi,
| | - Faezeh Tabesh
- Cardiologist, Heart Failure Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Ekramzadeh
- PhD Candidate, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Haghighatian
- Resident, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jafar Golshahi
- Associate Professor, Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Baseri
- Resident, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Inflammatory biomarkers CRP, MCP-1, serum amyloid alpha and interleukin-18 in patients with HTN and dyslipidemia: impact of diabetes mellitus on metabolic syndrome and the effect of statin therapy. Hypertens Res 2013; 36:550-8. [DOI: 10.1038/hr.2012.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Fujioka Y, Fukuda A, Ishida T, Kagimoto S, Nakamura Y, Iwakura A, Hara K, Yamamoto T, Kuroe A, Ohya M, Fujimoto S, Hamamoto Y, Honjo S, Ikeda H, Nabe K, Tsuda K, Taniguchi A, Tanaka K, Koshiyama H, Kume N, Hirata KI. Pitavastatin Reduces Elevated IL-18 Levels in Japanese Subjects with Hypercholesterolemia: Sub-analysis of Kansai Investigation of Statin for Hyperlipidemic Intervention in Metabolism and Endocrinology (KISHIMEN). J Atheroscler Thromb 2011; 18:8-15. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.5942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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9
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Trøseid M, Seljeflot I, Arnesen H. The role of interleukin-18 in the metabolic syndrome. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2010; 9:11. [PMID: 20331890 PMCID: PMC2858122 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-9-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome is thought to be associated with a chronic low-grade inflammation, and a growing body of evidence suggests that interleukin-18 (IL-18) might be closely related to the metabolic syndrome and its consequences. Circulating levels of IL-18 have been reported to be elevated in subjects with the metabolic syndrome, to be closely associated with the components of the syndrome, to predict cardiovascular events and mortality in populations with the metabolic syndrome and to precede the development of type 2 diabetes. IL-18 is found in the unstable atherosclerotic plaque, in adipose tissue and in muscle tissue, and is subject to several regulatory steps including cleavage by caspase-1, inactivation by IL-18 binding protein and the influence of other cytokines in modulating its interaction with the IL-18 receptor. The purpose of this review is to outline the role of IL-18 in the metabolic syndrome, with particular emphasis on cardiovascular risk and the potential effect of life style interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Trøseid
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Oslo, Norway.
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Konstantino Y, Nguyen TT, Wolk R, Aiello RJ, Terra SG, Fryburg DA. Potential implications of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in assessment and treatment of coronary artery disease. Biomarkers 2009; 14:118-29. [PMID: 19330590 DOI: 10.1080/13547500902765140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, a member of the MMP superfamily is consistently implicated in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and plaque rupture, the most common mechanism responsible for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). AIM To summarize the role of MMP-9 in atherosclerosis and its potential implications in assessment and treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS We reviewed the PubMed database for relevant data regarding the role of MMP-9 in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. In the light of these data, we postulate potential implications of MMP-9 in the management and treatment of CAD. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Existing data strongly support the role of MMP-9 in plaque destabilization and rupture. Based on the current knowledge, MMP-9 can potentially serve as a diagnostic biomarker in ACS and a prognostic biomarker in ACS and chronic CAD patients. MMP-9 is reduced by therapies that are associated with favourable outcome in atherosclerosis and thus may serve as a surrogate biomarker of treatment efficacy. However, large morbidity and mortality trials are still required to confirm that MMP-9 reduction is associated with improved outcome independent of the traditional risk factors (i.e. low-density lipoprotein cholesterol). Given its role in plaque rupture, inhibition of MMP-9 may promote plaque stabilization and consequently reduce cardiovascular events. Yet, the efficacy and safety of MMPs inhibitors should be first studied in preclinical models of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuval Konstantino
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton, CT, USA.
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11
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Domanski M, Tian X, Fleg J, Coady S, Gosen C, Kirby R, Sachdev V, Knatterud G, Braunwald E. Pleiotropic effect of lovastatin, with and without cholestyramine, in the post coronary artery bypass graft (Post CABG) trial. Am J Cardiol 2008; 102:1023-7. [PMID: 18929703 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2008] [Revised: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated patients in the Post Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (Post CABG) trial for evidence of statin pleiotropic effects in preventing atherosclerotic progression in saphenous vein grafts (SVGs). We studied 1,116 of the 1,351 patients in the Post CABG trial who were randomized to aggressive (low-density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol target <85 mg/dl) or moderate (target LDL cholesterol <140 mg/dl) lovastatin treatment and who had sufficient data available. The generalized estimating equation models, adjusting for important covariates, were applied to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and probability of substantial atherosclerotic SVG progression (decrease in lumen diameter >or=0.6 mm) and the difference in minimum lumen diameter change between treatment groups. Aggressive lovastatin treatment compared with moderate treatment was associated with a significant decrease in risk of significant SVG atherosclerotic progression after adjustment for baseline cholesterol level, LDL cholesterol on treatment, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride changes on treatment and other independent predictors (OR 0.68, 95% confidence interval 0.49 to 0.94, p = 0.019). Results were similar when the change or percent change from baseline of LDL cholesterol level on treatment was adjusted for rather than on-treatment LDL cholesterol and in the subset achieving a year-1 LDL cholesterol level from 90 to 135 mg/dl (OR 0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.42 to 0.98, p = 0.042). Mean decrease in minimum lumen diameter was also significantly smaller in the aggressive than the moderate treatment arm (-0.256 vs -0.343 mm, p = 0.042). In conclusion, aggressive versus moderate lovastatin treatment appeared therapeutic in slowing the atherosclerotic process in SVGs from Post CABG patients, independent of its greater LDL cholesterol-lowering effect.
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12
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Elmali M, Gulel O, Bahcivan M. Coexistence of pulmonary embolism, aortic dissection, and persistent left superior vena cava in the same patient. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2008; 9:1180-1. [PMID: 18852601 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0b013e32830ce51e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a patient with pulmonary embolism, dissection in the descending and abdominal aorta, and persistent left superior vena cava. To our knowledge, coexistence of these three clinical entities has never been described before in the same patient.
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13
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Baseline serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 level predicts long-term prognosis after coronary revascularizations in stable coronary artery disease. Clin Biochem 2008; 41:292-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2007] [Revised: 09/29/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Morikawa T, Toyama T, Kudo N, Kawashima Y. Reducing effect of matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors on serum triacylglycerol in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and Zucker fa/fa rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2007; 30:1461-7. [PMID: 17666804 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.30.1461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the course of the investigation of effects of newly synthesized matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (MMPIs), FYK-1388, FYK-1352 and F61-1008, which have strong and broad matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitory activity, on wound healing in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, strong reducing effects on serum triacylglycerol (TG) have been found. Namely, when examined using breaking wound strength as an index, MMPIs did not significantly facilitate wound healing in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Unexpectedly, however, the treatment of STZ-induced diabetic rats with MMPIs markedly lowered the serum level of TG without changing the blood glucose level. Among these compounds tested, FYK-1388 was the most effective, and the compound reduced serum concentrations of TG and cholesterol and levels of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol in a dose-dependent manner. FYK-1388 did not affect serum levels of free fatty acids, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, mass of body fat, liver weights, and hepatic contents of TG and cholesterol. Moreover, treatment of Zucker fa/fa rats with FYK-1388 lowered serum levels of TG and cholesterol without changing blood levels of glucose and insulin. Since the structures of these MMPIs markedly differ from those of the hypotriglyceridemic drugs that are used clinically, it seems plausible that these MMPIs could be used as a new type of hypotriglyceridemic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadanori Morikawa
- Research Institute, Daiichi Fine Chemical Co. Ltd., 530 Chokeiji, Takaoka, Toyama 933-8511, Japan
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15
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Profumo E, Esposito C, Buttari B, Tosti ME, Ortona E, Margutti P, Siracusano A, Sposato A, Costanzo A, Capoano R, Salvati B, Riganò R. Intracellular expression of cytokines in peripheral blood from patients with atherosclerosis before and after carotid endarterectomy. Atherosclerosis 2006; 191:340-7. [PMID: 16678185 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2006] [Revised: 03/21/2006] [Accepted: 03/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the possible association of intracellular cytokine profiles in peripheral mononuclear cells in whole blood from patients with carotid atherosclerosis in whom follow-up after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) showed the onset or progression of contralateral disease. METHODS AND RESULTS Intracellular expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interferon (IFN)-gamma, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-4 and IL-10 was determined in 43 patients with carotid atherosclerosis, at baseline and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after CEA, and in 16 healthy subjects. When follow-up ended patients were divided into two groups, those with cured or stable disease (no onset of disease or unchanged stenosis in the contralateral vessel) and those with progressive disease (onset of disease or increased stenosis in the contralateral vessel). In patients with cured or stable disease, cytokine-positive cells significantly decreased or remained unchanged (IL-8 and IL-10) during follow-up, whereas in patients with progressive disease they increased or remained unchanged (TNF-alpha). Multivariate ANOVA confirmed that the trend of cytokine expression between baseline and 12 months differed significantly in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Intracellular expression of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-4 and IL-10 in peripheral mononuclear cells is associated with the outcome of contralateral disease after CEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Profumo
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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