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Andreoli Miyake J, Nascimento Gomes R, Colquhoun A. Gamma-Linolenic acid alters migration, proliferation and apoptosis in human and rat glioblastoma cells. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 150:106452. [PMID: 32439412 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant astrocytoma, the main treatments consist of surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Patients, after diagnosed, have a survival rate of one year. GBM cells have an invasive, proliferative and migratory characteristic, also they do not respond properly for usual cancer treatment (radiotherapy, chemotherapy). Fatty acids have been studied as an adjuvant cancer treatment in breast, colorectal and GBM. The fatty acid can alter tumoural cell metabolism causing a modification of eicosanoids production. This study has observed some cellular aspects modified by fatty acid treatment in vitro, using GBM cells (human and rat). Modifications in cell behaviour were analyzed like cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion cell capacity after treatment with fatty acid (gamma-linolenic acid). The treatment suggested in this study showed an increased number of apoptotic cells and a decreased number of proliferative and migratory cells. These data recognize that gamma-linolenic acid could be used as an alternative treatment for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano Andreoli Miyake
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus Trindade, Mailbox 476, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Renata Nascimento Gomes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 1374, Prof. Lineu Prestes Av. 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Alison Colquhoun
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, 1374, Prof. Lineu Prestes Av. 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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2
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Prostaglandins in cancer cell adhesion, migration, and invasion. Int J Cell Biol 2012; 2012:723419. [PMID: 22505934 PMCID: PMC3299390 DOI: 10.1155/2012/723419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins exert a profound influence over the adhesive, migratory, and invasive behavior of cells during the development and progression of cancer. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase-1 (mPGES-1) are upregulated in inflammation and cancer. This results in the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which binds to and activates G-protein-coupled prostaglandin E1–4 receptors (EP1–4). Selectively targeting the COX-2/mPGES-1/PGE2/EP1–4 axis of the prostaglandin pathway can reduce the adhesion, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Once stimulated by prostaglandins, cadherin adhesive connections between epithelial or endothelial cells are lost. This enables cells to invade through the underlying basement membrane and extracellular matrix (ECM). Interactions with the ECM are mediated by cell surface integrins by “outside-in signaling” through Src and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and/or “inside-out signaling” through talins and kindlins. Combining the use of COX-2/mPGES-1/PGE2/EP1–4 axis-targeted molecules with those targeting cell surface adhesion receptors or their downstream signaling molecules may enhance cancer therapy.
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3
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Shah PN, Yun YH. Cellular interactions with biodegradable polyurethanes formulated from L-tyrosine. J Biomater Appl 2011; 27:1017-31. [PMID: 22207610 DOI: 10.1177/0885328211432325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
L-Tyrosine polyurethanes (LTUs) have been synthesized by structural modification of the poly (amino acid) backbone to circumvent the problems associated with the processing of poly (amino acids) arising from their high crystallinity, insolubility in common organic solvents, and high glass-transition and melting temperatures. Additionally, problems such as unpredictable swelling characteristics, change in conformation, and uncontrolled enzymatic degradation have severely restricted the use of poly (amino acids). In contrast, LTUs are designed to retain their superior physico-chemical properties, while incorporating biodegradability through enzymatic, hydrolytic, and oxidative pathways. The aim of this study is to evaluate initially the biocompatibility of LTUs and their degradation products. Studies involving primary dermal human fibroblasts cultured in contact with LTU films or degradation products suggest a lack of toxicity (cell viabilities >93% with p < 0.05 compared to the control for all studies). The diversity of LTU polymer chemistry and the ability of LTUs to phase separate seem to present a heterogeneous surface with variable wettability. This phenomenon influences the adhesion and proliferation of human fibroblasts on polymeric surfaces, wherein fibroblast adhesion on polycaprolactone diol (PCL) based LTUs is characterized by higher cell counts (81,250 ± 18,390 for PCL-C-DTH (desaminotyrosine-tyrosyl hexyl, DTH), 58,360 ± 7370 for PCL-L-DTH, 38,480 ± 12,680 for PEG-C-DTH (polyethylene glycol, PEG), and 46,430 ± 16,000 for PEG-L-DTH at 120 h with p < 0.001 for comparison between PCL-C-DTH and all other LTUs), more rapid cellular proliferation (doubling time of 37-49 h for PCL-based LTUs compared to 68-90 h for PEG-based LTUs), and a uniform cell distribution compared to PEG-based LTUs. However, immunofluorescence assay for F-actin suggests that the cells are well attached. Thus, the lack of cytotoxicity and the ability to control cellular adhesion through polymer chemistry make LTUs attractive candidates for tissue-engineering applications that require elastomeric, biodegradable, and biocompatible polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth N Shah
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3906, USA
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4
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Unravelling the antimetastatic potential of pentoxifylline, a methylxanthine derivative in human MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 358:141-51. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-0929-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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5
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Sievers C, Billig G, Gottschalk K, Rudel T. Prohibitins are required for cancer cell proliferation and adhesion. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12735. [PMID: 20856874 PMCID: PMC2939069 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prohibitin 1 (PHB1) is a highly conserved protein that together with its homologue prohibitin 2 (PHB2) mainly localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane. Although it was originally identified by its ability to inhibit G1/S progression in human fibroblasts, its role as tumor suppressor is debated. To determine the function of prohibitins in maintaining cell homeostasis, we generated cancer cell lines expressing prohibitin-directed shRNAs. We show that prohibitin proteins are necessary for the proliferation of cancer cells. Down-regulation of prohibitin expression drastically reduced the rate of cell division. Furthermore, mitochondrial morphology was not affected, but loss of prohibitins did lead to the degradation of the fusion protein OPA1 and, in certain cancer cell lines, to a reduced capability to exhibit anchorage-independent growth. These cancer cells also exhibited reduced adhesion to the extracellular matrix. Taken together, these observations suggest prohibitins play a crucial role in adhesion processes in the cell and thereby sustaining cancer cell propagation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Sievers
- Research Group for Molecular Infection and Cancer Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gwendolyn Billig
- Research Group for Molecular Infection and Cancer Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kathleen Gottschalk
- Research Group for Molecular Infection and Cancer Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Research Group for Molecular Infection and Cancer Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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6
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Suzuki R, Niimura S. Hatching and distribution of actin filaments in mouse blastocysts whose activities of protein kinase A were suppressed by H-89. J Reprod Dev 2009; 56:103-9. [PMID: 19881218 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.09-144m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of actin filaments and contractions in hatching was determined in mouse blastocysts whose actin filament bundling abilities had been suppressed by H-89, an inhibitor of protein kinase A. The hatching rate of blastocysts developed from morulae in a medium containing H-89 at a concentration of 4.0 microM was 17.2%, which was significantly lower than the 76.7% of the control blastocysts developed from morulae in a medium without H-89. The rates of blastocysts starting hatching and forming a slit in the zona pellucida were significantly lower in H-89-treated blastocysts (84.4 and 21.9%) than in control blastocysts (100.0 and 90.6%). The lengths of time needed for slit formation in the zona pellucida and for completion of hatching were significantly longer in the H-89-treated blastocysts (27.4 and 43.3 h) than in the control blastocysts (6.5 and 18.8 h). Over the course of 32 h after blastocoel formation, the number of strong contractions was similar in the H-89-treated and control blastocysts, but the number of weak contractions was significantly fewer in the H-89-treated blastocysts (2.41 times) than in the control blastocysts (4.19 times). Although the distribution of actin filaments was similar in the H-89-treated and control blastocysts in the pre-hatching, hatching and post-hatching periods, the rate of H-89-treated blastocysts in which most trophectoderm cells possessed the fluorescence of actin filaments (12.7%) was significantly lower than the 95.0% of the control blastocysts in the pre-hatching period. These results suggest that actin filament-mediated movements of trophectoderm cells contribute to hatching by facilitating the protrusion of trophectoderm cells from a small hole in the zona pellucida and by enlarging the protrusion. We also suggest that the low hatching ability of the treated blastocysts is related to weak contractions with a low frequency and to strong contractions requiring a longer time for re-expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Suzuki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Japan
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7
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Hsu YM, Chen CN, Chiu JJ, Chang SH, Wang YJ. The effects of fiber size on MG63 cells cultured with collagen based matrices. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 91:737-745. [PMID: 19572296 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of human osteoblast-like MG63 cells cultured on electrospun collagen fibers of three different sizes (50-200 nm, 200-500 nm, and 500-1000 nm in diameter) were investigated. The growth of MG63 cells on all three electrospun collagen fibers are the same and about 70% higher than those cultured on monomeric collagen and tissue-culture polystyrene (TCPS). The migration speed of MG63 cells, on the other hand, decreased as the diameter of nanofibers increased. There were more distinct actin stress fibers formed in MG63 cells when the cells cultured on collagen substrates as compared with TCPS. In addition, MG63 cells displayed different adhesion and spreading patterns on different sizes of collagen fibers. Size variation of collagen nanofibers apparently has more impact on cell migration distance and cell morphology as compared with cell growth. It was demonstrated that collagen nanofibers promoted MG63 cell interaction with matrices by providing a suitably rough nanometer surface. The results of this study present important information for the development of collagen-based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Ming Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Nan Chen
- Biomedical Engineering Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jeng-Jiann Chiu
- Division of Medical Engineering Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Hsin Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yng-Jiin Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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8
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Calcium and cyclic nucleotides affect TNF-alpha-induced stem cell migration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 382:241-6. [PMID: 19233128 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to study the effect of calcium, cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP) on embryonic stem cell (ESC) motility during TNF-alpha-induced chemotaxis. ESCs were monitored using a chemotaxis chamber, with different concentrations of calcium or cAMP or cGMP added to the medium. Changes in intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) were measured with the fluorescent dye fura-2/AM. We combined migratory parameters in a mathematical model and described it as "mobility". After adding calcium, a dose-dependant increase in cell speed was found. Cyclic AMP increased mobility as well as the [Ca(2+)](i). In contrast, adding dbcGMP resulted in a significant decrease in the mobility of the ESCs. During migration ESCs showed an increase in [Ca(2+)](i). Furthermore, TNF-alpha dramatically increased the movement as well as the directionality of ESCs. These results demonstrate that ESCs are highly motile and respond to different concentrations of calcium in a dose-related manner.
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9
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Gordon SR. Cell Migration along the Basement Membrane during Wound Repair. The Corneal Endothelium as a Model System. BIOENGINEERING RESEARCH OF CHRONIC WOUNDS 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-00534-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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10
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Meloni I, Parri V, De Filippis R, Ariani F, Artuso R, Bruttini M, Katzaki E, Longo I, Mari F, Bellan C, Dotti CG, Renieri A. The XLMR gene ACSL4 plays a role in dendritic spine architecture. Neuroscience 2008; 159:657-69. [PMID: 19166906 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 11/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ACSL4 is a gene involved in non-syndromic X-linked mental retardation. It encodes for a ubiquitous protein that adds coenzyme A to long-chain fatty acids, with a high substrate preference for arachidonic acid. It presents also a brain-specific isoform deriving from an alternative splicing and containing 41 additional N-terminal amino acids. To start to unravelling the link between ACSL4 and mental retardation, we have performed molecular and cell biological studies. By retro-transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses we identified a new transcript with a shorter 5'-UTR region. By immunofluorescence microscopy in embryonic rat hippocampal neurons we report that ACSL4 is associated preferentially to endoplasmic reticulum tubules. ACSL4 knockdown by siRNAs in hippocampal neurons indicated that this protein is largely dispensable for these cells' gross architectural features (i.e. axonal and dendritic formation and final length) yet it is required for the presence of normal spines. In fact, reduced levels of ACSL4 led to a significant reduction in dendritic spine density and an alteration in spine/filopodia distribution. The possible mechanisms behind this phenotype are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Meloni
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, Policlinico Le Scotte, Viale Bracci 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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11
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Liu YR, Ye WL, Zeng XM, Ren WH, Zhang YQ, Mei YA. K+ channels and the cAMP-PKA pathway modulate TGF-beta1-induced migration of rat vascular myofibroblasts. J Cell Physiol 2008; 216:835-43. [PMID: 18551429 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies have indicated that TGF-beta1 exerts its effect on the expression of A-type potassium channels (I(A)) in rat vascular myofibroblasts by activation of protein kinase C during the phenotypic transformation of vascular fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. In the present study, patch-clamp whole-cell recording and transwell-migration assays were used to examine the effects of TGF-beta1- and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced expression of I(A) channels on myofibroblast migration and its modulation by the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. Our results reveal that incubation of fibroblasts with TGF-beta1 or PMA up-regulates the expression of I(A) channels and increases myofibroblast migration. Blocking I(A) channel expression by 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) significantly inhibits TGF-beta1- and PMA-induced myofibroblast migration. Incubation of fibroblasts with forskolin does not result in increased expression of I(A) channels but does cause a slight increase in fibroblast migration at higher concentrations. In addition, forskolin increases the TGF-beta1- and PMA-induced myofibroblast migration but inhibits TGF-beta1- and PMA-induced the expression of I(A) channels. Whole-cell current recordings showed that forskolin augments the delayed rectifier outward K(+) (I(K)) current amplitude of fibroblasts, but not the I(A) of myofibroblasts. Our results also indicate that TGF-beta1- and PMA-induced expression of I(A) channels might be related to increase TGF-beta1- or PMA-induced myofibroblast migration. Promoting fibroblast and myofibroblast migration via the PKA pathway does not seem to involve the expression of I(A) channels, but the modulation of I(K) and I(A) channels might be implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Rong Liu
- Institute of Brain Science, School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Touitou E, Godin B, Klein H, Ron A. In vitro estimation of effective NSAIDs plasma concentrations in humans by measuring morphometric changes in Tetrahymena. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(07)50030-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Karas K, Brauer P, Petzel D. Actin redistribution in mosquito malpighian tubules after a blood meal and cyclic AMP stimulation. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 51:1041-54. [PMID: 15993891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2005.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2004] [Revised: 05/05/2005] [Accepted: 05/05/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluid secretion by mosquito Malpighian tubules is critical to maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance after a blood meal. Endogenous cAMP levels increase in Malpighian tubules after a blood meal. Here, we determined if corresponding changes in intracellular actin distribution occur after a blood meal or dibutyryl-cAMP (db-cAMP) stimulation and whether altering actin turnover inhibits secretion. In untreated Malpighian tubules, beta-actin immunostaining was more intense in the apical region of adult Malpighian tubules than in the cytoplasm. Stimulation by a blood meal or db-cAMP significantly decreased beta-actin immunostaining in the non-apical region of the cell. Db-cAMP had similar effects in larvae and pupae Malpighian tubules. In contrast, no detectable shift in F-actin distribution was detected; however, F-actin bundles within the cytoplasm increased in size after treatment with db-cAMP. Pretreatment of Malpighian tubules with agents perturbing actin fiber assembly and disassembly decreased basal secretion rates and inhibited the stimulatory effects of db-cAMP. Our results show (1) beta-actin redistributes toward the apical membrane after a blood meal and this correlates temporally with increase urine flow rate and intracellular cAMP levels, (2) Malpighian tubules from all developmental stages exhibit this same response to db-cAMP-stimulation, and (3) dynamic assembly and disassembly of beta-actin is required for db-cAMP-stimulated secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Karas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
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14
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Tsai IY, Kimura M, Stockton R, Green JA, Puig R, Jacobson B, Russell TP. Fibroblast adhesion to micro- and nano-heterogeneous topography using diblock copolymers and homopolymers. J Biomed Mater Res A 2005; 71:462-9. [PMID: 15484209 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric substrates of different surface chemistry and length scales were found to have profound influence on cell adhesion. The adhesion of fibroblasts on surfaces of oxidized polystyrene (PS), on surfaces modified with random copolymers of PS and poly(methyl methacrylate) [P(S-r-MMA)] with topographic features, and chemically patterned surfaces that varied in lateral length scales from nanometers to microns were studied. Surfaces with heterogeneous topographies were generated from thin film mixtures of a block copolymer, PS-b-MMA, with homopolymers of PS and PMMA. The two homopolymers macroscopically phase separated and, with the addition of diblock copolymer, the size scales of the phases decreased to nanometer dimensions. Cell spreading area analysis showed that a thin film of oxidized PS surface promoted adhesion whereas a thin film of P(S-r-MMA) surface did not. Fibroblast adhesion was examined on surfaces in which the lateral length scale varied from 60 nm to 6 microm. It was found that, as the lateral length scale between the oxidized PS surfaces decreased, cell spreading area and degree of actin stress fiber formation increased. In addition, scanning electron microscopy was used to evaluate the location of filopodia and lamellipodia. It was found that most of the filopodia and lamellipodia interacted with the oxidized PS surfaces. This can be attributed to both chemical and topographic surface interactions that prevent cells from interacting with the P(S-r-MMA) at the base of the topographic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Y Tsai
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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15
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Howe AK. Regulation of actin-based cell migration by cAMP/PKA. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2004; 1692:159-74. [PMID: 15246685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2004.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2004] [Accepted: 03/29/2004] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of soluble signaling substances utilize the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) pathway to regulate cellular behaviors including intermediary metabolism, ion channel conductivity, and transcription. A growing literature suggests that integrin-mediated cell adhesion may also utilize PKA to modulate adhesion-associated events such as actin cytoskeletal dynamics and migration. PKA is dynamically regulated by integrin-mediated cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM). Furthermore, while some hallmarks of cell migration and cytoskeletal organization require PKA activity (e.g. activation of Rac and Cdc42; actin filament assembly), others are inhibited by it (e.g. activation of Rho and PAK; interaction of VASP with the c-Abl tyrosine kinase). Also, cell migration and invasion can be impeded by either inhibition or hyper-activation of PKA. Finally, a number of A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) serve to associate PKA with various components of the actin cytoskeleton, thereby enhancing and/or specifying cAMP/PKA signaling in those regions. This review discusses the growing literature that supports the hypothesis that PKA plays a central role in cytoskeletal regulation and cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan K Howe
- Department of Pharmacology, Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, HSRF# 322, Burlington 05405-0075, USA.
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16
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Hirsh L, Dantes A, Suh BS, Yoshida Y, Hosokawa K, Tajima K, Kotsuji F, Merimsky O, Amsterdam A. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors as anti-cancer drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 2004; 68:981-8. [PMID: 15313391 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2004.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2004] [Accepted: 05/24/2004] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that high intracellular levels of cAMP can effectively kill cancer cells in vitro. Unfortunately substances elevating cAMP such as forskolin, 8-bromo-cAMP, 8-chloro-cAMP, monobutiryl or dibutiryl cAMP are not recommended to be used as anti-cancer drugs because of their high cytotoxicity. In contrast blockers of phosphodieterases such as theophylline and aminophylline, which could elevate intracellular cAMP, are commonly used as anti-asthma drugs reaching concentrations in the blood of 10-20 microg/ml. We tested the effectiveness of theophylline and aminophylline to induce cell death alone or in combination with common anti-cancer drugs such as cisplatin and gemcitabine (gemzar). We examined such drug combinations in the induction of cell death in a variety of carcinoma cell lines derived from human ovarian, prostate and lung cancer and in granulosa cell line transformed by SV40 and Ras oncogene. While theophylline could induce moderate cell death alone, at 20-25 microg/ml concentrations, aminophylline was ineffective at this concentration. Theophylline (at 15-25 ng/ml) was found in all four representative cell lines to synergize with gemcitabine or cisplatin to induce programmed cell death, which permits a reduction in the effective doses of cisplatin and gemcitabine by 2-3-fold. The effect of theophylline in induction of apoptosis involved reduction of intracellular levels of Bcl2. Such a reduction was proportional to the extent of apoptosis induced by theophylline as well as by the combined drug treatments. Therefore, we propose that theophylline should be considered as a potential anti-cancer drug in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs. Screening of other phosphodiesterase blockers, which are not severely toxic, could open a possibility to improved chemotherapeutic cancer treatments with reduced undesired side-effects. A clinical trial, using theophylline as an anti-cancer drug, is currently being conducted in lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liron Hirsh
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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17
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N/A. N/A. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2004; 12:1711-1714. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v12.i7.1711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
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18
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Green JA, Stockton RA, Johnson C, Jacobson BS. 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase regulate wound closure in NIH/3T3 fibroblast monolayers. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2004; 287:C373-83. [PMID: 15197007 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00509.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing involves multiple cell signaling pathways, including those regulating cell-extracellular matrix adhesion. Previous work demonstrated that arachidonate oxidation to leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) by 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) signals fibroblast spreading on fibronectin, whereas cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-catalyzed prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) formation facilitates subsequent cell migration. We investigated arachidonate metabolite signaling in wound closure of perturbed NIH/3T3 fibroblast monolayers. We found that during initial stages of wound closure (0-120 min), all wound margin cells spread into the wound gap perpendicularly to the wound long axis. At regular intervals, between 120 and 300 min, some cells elongated to project across the wound and meet cells from the opposite margin, forming distinct cell bridges spanning the wound that act as foci for later wound-directed cell migration and resulting closure. 5-LOX inhibition by AA861 demonstrated a required LTB(4) signal for initial marginal cell spreading and bridge formation, both of which must precede wound-directed cell migration. 5-LOX inhibition effects were reversible by exogenous LTB(4). Conversely, COX inhibition by indomethacin reduced directed migration into the wound but enhanced early cell spreading and bridge formation. Exogenous PGE(2) reversed this effect and increased cell migration into the wound. The differential effects of arachidonic acid metabolites produced by LOX and COX were further confirmed with NIH/3T3 fibroblast cell lines constitutively over- and underexpressing the 5-LOX and COX-2 enzymes. These data suggest that two competing oxidative enzymes in arachidonate metabolism, LOX and COX, differentially regulate sequential aspects of fibroblast wound closure in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Angelo Green
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Cho JY, Kim AR, Joo HG, Kim BH, Rhee MH, Yoo ES, Katz DR, Chain BM, Jung JH. Cynaropicrin, a sesquiterpene lactone, as a new strong regulator of CD29 and CD98 functions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 313:954-61. [PMID: 14706635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cynaropicrin is a sesquiterpene lactone displaying immunomodulatory effects on the production of cytokine and nitric oxide from macrophages/monocytes. In this study we have examined inhibitory effect of cynaropicrin on activation of major adhesion molecules [CD29 (beta1 integrins), CD43, and CD98] on the cells assessed by U937 (promonocytic cells) homotypic aggregation. Cynaropicrin potently blocked CD29 (beta1 integrins)- and CD98-induced homotypic aggregation with IC(50) values of 3.46 and 2.98 microM, respectively, without displaying cytotoxicity. Similarly, flow cytometric analysis exhibited that cynaropicrin down-regulated strikingly surface level of CD29 and CD147, a functional regulator of CD98, but not CD43. More importantly, cynaropicrin inhibition was linked to blockade of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) activation and distinct from other enzyme inhibitors including rottlerin, propranolol, forskolin, and chloroquine, but not cytochalasin B. Therefore, our finding is the first demonstration that cynaropicrin may be a potent functional regulator of CD29 and CD98 via interrupting ERK activation which may be linked to cytoskeleton rearrangement, suggesting further application to CD29- and CD98-mediated diseases such as virus-induced chronic inflammation, and invasion, migration, and metastasis of leukocyte cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Youl Cho
- School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 200-701, Republic of Korea.
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Chuang SS, Helvig C, Taimi M, Ramshaw HA, Collop AH, Amad M, White JA, Petkovich M, Jones G, Korczak B. CYP2U1, a novel human thymus- and brain-specific cytochrome P450, catalyzes omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxylation of fatty acids. J Biol Chem 2003; 279:6305-14. [PMID: 14660610 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m311830200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Long chain fatty acids have recently emerged as critical signaling molecules in neuronal, cardiovascular, and renal processes, yet little is presently known about the precise mechanisms controlling their tissue distribution and bioactivation. We have identified a novel cytochrome P450, CYP2U1, which may play an important role in modulating the arachidonic acid signaling pathway. Northern blot and real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that CYP2U1 transcripts were most abundant in the thymus and the brain (cerebellum), indicating a specific physiological role for CYP2U1 in these tissues. Recombinant human CYP2U1 protein, expressed in baculovirus-infected Sf9 insect cells, was found to metabolize arachidonic acid exclusively to two region-specific products as determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. These metabolites were identified as 19- and 20-hydroxy-modified arachidonic acids by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. In addition to omega/omega-1 hydroxylation of arachidonic acid, CYP2U1 protein also catalyzed the hydroxylation of structurally related long chain fatty acid (docosahexaenoic acid) but not fatty acids such as lauric acid or linoleic acid. This is the first report of the cloning and functional expression of a new human member of P450 family 2, CYP2U1, which metabolizes long chain fatty acids. Based on the ability of CYP2U1 to generate bioactive eicosanoid derivatives, we postulate that CYP2U1 plays an important physiological role in fatty acid signaling processes in both cerebellum and thymus.
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