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Ramella M, Ribolla LM, Surini S, Sala K, Tonoli D, Cioni JM, Rai AK, Pelkmans L, de Curtis I. Dual specificity kinase DYRK3 regulates cell migration by influencing the stability of protrusions. iScience 2024; 27:109440. [PMID: 38510137 PMCID: PMC10952033 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane-associated platforms (PMAPs) form at specific sites of plasma membrane by scaffolds including ERC1 and Liprin-α1. We identify a mechanism regulating PMAPs assembly, with consequences on motility/invasion. Silencing Ser/Thr kinase DYRK3 in invasive breast cancer cells inhibits their motility and invasive capacity. Similar effects on motility were observed by increasing DYRK3 levels, while kinase-dead DYRK3 had limited effects. DYRK3 overexpression inhibits PMAPs formation and has negative effects on stability of lamellipodia and adhesions in migrating cells. Liprin-α1 depletion results in unstable lamellipodia and impaired cell motility. DYRK3 causes increased Liprin-α1 phosphorylation. Increasing levels of Liprin-α1 rescue the inhibitory effects of DYRK3 on cell spreading, suggesting that an equilibrium between Liprin-α1 and DYRK3 levels is required for lamellipodia stability and tumor cell motility. Our results show that DYRK3 is relevant to tumor cell motility, and identify a PMAP target of the kinase, highlighting a new mechanism regulating cell edge dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ramella
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Cell Adhesion Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Maria Ribolla
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Cell Adhesion Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Surini
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Cell Adhesion Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Kristyna Sala
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Cell Adhesion Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Diletta Tonoli
- Cell Adhesion Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Jean-Michel Cioni
- RNA Biology of the Neuron Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Arpan Kumar Rai
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Pelkmans
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ivan de Curtis
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Cell Adhesion Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
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2
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Hogg EKJ, Findlay GM. Functions of SRPK, CLK and DYRK kinases in stem cells, development, and human developmental disorders. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2375-2415. [PMID: 37607329 PMCID: PMC10952393 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Human developmental disorders encompass a wide range of debilitating physical conditions and intellectual disabilities. Perturbation of protein kinase signalling underlies the development of some of these disorders. For example, disrupted SRPK signalling is associated with intellectual disabilities, and the gene dosage of DYRKs can dictate the pathology of disorders including Down's syndrome. Here, we review the emerging roles of the CMGC kinase families SRPK, CLK, DYRK, and sub-family HIPK during embryonic development and in developmental disorders. In particular, SRPK, CLK, and DYRK kinase families have key roles in developmental signalling and stem cell regulation, and can co-ordinate neuronal development and function. Genetic studies in model organisms reveal critical phenotypes including embryonic lethality, sterility, musculoskeletal errors, and most notably, altered neurological behaviours arising from defects of the neuroectoderm and altered neuronal signalling. Further unpicking the mechanisms of specific kinases using human stem cell models of neuronal differentiation and function will improve our understanding of human developmental disorders and may provide avenues for therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth K. J. Hogg
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeUK
| | - Greg M. Findlay
- The MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeUK
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3
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Santos-Durán GN, Barreiro-Iglesias A. Roles of dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 in nervous system development and disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:994256. [PMID: 36161154 PMCID: PMC9492948 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.994256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRKs) are a group of conserved eukaryotic kinases phosphorylating tyrosine, serine, and threonine residues. The human DYRK family comprises 5 members (DYRK1A, DYRK1B, DYRK2, DYRK3, and DYRK4). The different DYRKs have been implicated in neurological diseases, cancer, and virus infection. Specifically, DYRK2 has been mainly implicated in cancer progression. However, its role in healthy and pathological nervous system function has been overlooked. In this context, we review current available data on DYRK2 in the nervous system, where the available studies indicate that it has key roles in neuronal development and function. DYRK2 regulates neuronal morphogenesis (e.g., axon growth and branching) by phosphorylating cytoskeletal elements (e.g., doublecortin). Comparative data reveals that it is involved in the development of olfactory and visual systems, the spinal cord and possibly the cortex. DYRK2 also participates in processes such as olfaction, vision and, learning. However, DYRK2 could be involved in other brain functions since available expression data shows that it is expressed across the whole brain. High DYRK2 protein levels have been detected in basal ganglia and cerebellum. In adult nervous system, DYRK2 mRNA expression is highest in the cortex, hippocampus, and retina. Regarding nervous system disease, DYRK2 has been implicated in neuroblastoma, glioma, epilepsy, neuroinflammation, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, spinal cord injury and virus infection. DYRK2 upregulation usually has a negative impact in cancer-related conditions and a positive impact in non-malignant conditions. Its role in axon growth makes DYRK2 as a promising target for spinal cord or brain injury and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antón Barreiro-Iglesias
- Department of Functional Biology, Faculty of Biology, CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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4
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Fu X, Rao L, Li P, Liu X, Wang Q, Son AI, Gennerich A, Liu JSH. Doublecortin and JIP3 are neural-specific counteracting regulators of dynein-mediated retrograde trafficking. eLife 2022; 11:82218. [PMID: 36476638 PMCID: PMC9799976 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the microtubule (MT)-binding protein doublecortin (DCX) or in the MT-based molecular motor dynein result in lissencephaly. However, a functional link between DCX and dynein has not been defined. Here, we demonstrate that DCX negatively regulates dynein-mediated retrograde transport in neurons from Dcx-/y or Dcx-/y;Dclk1-/- mice by reducing dynein's association with MTs and disrupting the composition of the dynein motor complex. Previous work showed an increased binding of the adaptor protein C-Jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 3 (JIP3) to dynein in the absence of DCX. Using purified components, we demonstrate that JIP3 forms an active motor complex with dynein and its cofactor dynactin with two dyneins per complex. DCX competes with the binding of the second dynein, resulting in a velocity reduction of the complex. We conclude that DCX negatively regulates dynein-mediated retrograde transport through two critical interactions by regulating dynein binding to MTs and regulating the composition of the dynein motor complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Fu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina,Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhouChina,Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of WenzhouWenzhouChina
| | - Lu Rao
- Department of Biochemistry and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Peijun Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina,Key Laboratory of Structural Malformations in Children of Zhejiang ProvinceWenzhouChina,Key Laboratory of Perinatal Medicine of WenzhouWenzhouChina
| | - Xinglei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Qi Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouChina
| | - Alexander I Son
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Research Institute, Children's National HospitalWashingtonUnited States
| | - Arne Gennerich
- Department of Biochemistry and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUnited States
| | - Judy Shih-Hwa Liu
- Department of Neurology, Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown UniversityProvidenceUnited States
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5
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Vijai M, Baba M, Ramalingam S, Thiyagaraj A. DCLK1 and its interaction partners: An effective therapeutic target for colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:850. [PMID: 34733368 PMCID: PMC8561619 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Doublecortin-like kinase protein 1 (DCLK1) is a microtubule-associated protein with a C-terminal serine/threonine kinase domain. Its expression was first reported in radial glial cells, where it serves an essential role in early neurogenesis, and since then, other functions of the DCLK1 protein have also been identified. Initially considered to be a marker of quiescent gastrointestinal and pancreatic stem cells, DCLK1 has recently been identified in the gastrointestinal tract as a marker of tuft cells. It has also been implicated in different types of cancer, where it regulates several vital pathways, such as Kras signaling. However, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The present review discusses the different roles of DCLK1 and its interactions with other proteins that are homologically similar to DCLK1 to develop a novel therapeutic strategy to target cancer cells more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthu Vijai
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Nagar, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Mursaleen Baba
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Nagar, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Satish Ramalingam
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Nagar, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
| | - Anand Thiyagaraj
- Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Nagar, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203, India
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6
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Lindberg MF, Meijer L. Dual-Specificity, Tyrosine Phosphorylation-Regulated Kinases (DYRKs) and cdc2-Like Kinases (CLKs) in Human Disease, an Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6047. [PMID: 34205123 PMCID: PMC8199962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRK1A, 1B, 2-4) and cdc2-like kinases (CLK1-4) belong to the CMGC group of serine/threonine kinases. These protein kinases are involved in multiple cellular functions, including intracellular signaling, mRNA splicing, chromatin transcription, DNA damage repair, cell survival, cell cycle control, differentiation, homocysteine/methionine/folate regulation, body temperature regulation, endocytosis, neuronal development, synaptic plasticity, etc. Abnormal expression and/or activity of some of these kinases, DYRK1A in particular, is seen in many human nervous system diseases, such as cognitive deficits associated with Down syndrome, Alzheimer's disease and related diseases, tauopathies, dementia, Pick's disease, Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases, Phelan-McDermid syndrome, autism, and CDKL5 deficiency disorder. DYRKs and CLKs are also involved in diabetes, abnormal folate/methionine metabolism, osteoarthritis, several solid cancers (glioblastoma, breast, and pancreatic cancers) and leukemias (acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute megakaryoblastic leukemia), viral infections (influenza, HIV-1, HCMV, HCV, CMV, HPV), as well as infections caused by unicellular parasites (Leishmania, Trypanosoma, Plasmodium). This variety of pathological implications calls for (1) a better understanding of the regulations and substrates of DYRKs and CLKs and (2) the development of potent and selective inhibitors of these kinases and their evaluation as therapeutic drugs. This article briefly reviews the current knowledge about DYRK/CLK kinases and their implications in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurent Meijer
- Perha Pharmaceuticals, Perharidy Peninsula, 29680 Roscoff, France;
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Dual Specificity Kinase DYRK3 Promotes Aggressiveness of Glioblastoma by Altering Mitochondrial Morphology and Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062982. [PMID: 33804169 PMCID: PMC8000785 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a malignant primary brain tumor with poor patient prognosis. Although the standard treatment of GBM is surgery followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy, often a small portion of surviving tumor cells acquire therapeutic resistance and become more aggressive. Recently, altered kinase expression and activity have been shown to determine metabolic flux in tumor cells and metabolic reprogramming has emerged as a tumor progression regulatory mechanism. Here we investigated novel kinase-mediated metabolic alterations that lead to acquired GBM radioresistance and malignancy. We utilized transcriptomic analyses within a radioresistant GBM orthotopic xenograft mouse model that overexpresses the dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 3 (DYRK3). We find that within GBM cells, radiation exposure induces DYRK3 expression and DYRK3 regulates mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) activity through phosphorylation of proline-rich AKT1 substrate 1 (PRAS40). We also find that DYRK3 knockdown inhibits dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1)-mediated mitochondrial fission, leading to increased oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and reduced glycolysis. Importantly, enforced DYRK3 downregulation following irradiation significantly impaired GBM cell migration and invasion. Collectively, we suggest DYRK3 suppression may be a novel strategy for preventing GBM malignancy through regulating mitochondrial metabolism.
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8
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Berntsen HF, Duale N, Bjørklund CG, Rangel-Huerta OD, Dyrberg K, Hofer T, Rakkestad KE, Østby G, Halsne R, Boge G, Paulsen RE, Myhre O, Ropstad E. Effects of a human-based mixture of persistent organic pollutants on the in vivo exposed cerebellum and cerebellar neuronal cultures exposed in vitro. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 146:106240. [PMID: 33186814 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs), encompassing chlorinated (Cl), brominated (Br) and perfluoroalkyl acid (PFAA) compounds is associated with adverse neurobehaviour in humans and animals, and is observed to cause adverse effects in nerve cell cultures. Most studies focus on single POPs, whereas studies on effects of complex mixtures are limited. We examined the effects of a mixture of 29 persistent compounds (Cl + Br + PFAA, named Total mixture), as well as 6 sub-mixtures on in vitro exposed rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). Protein expression studies of cerebella from in vivo exposed mice offspring were also conducted. The selection of chemicals for the POP mixture was based on compounds being prominent in food, breast milk or blood from the Scandinavian human population. The Total mixture and sub-mixtures containing PFAAs caused greater toxicity in rat CGNs than the single or combined Cl/Br sub-mixtures, with significant impact on viability from 500x human blood levels. The potencies for these mixtures based on LC50 values were Br + PFAA mixture > Total mixture > Cl + PFAA mixture > PFAA mixture. These mixtures also accelerated induced lipid peroxidation. Protection by the competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist 3-((R)-2-Carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP) indicated involvement of the NMDA receptor in PFAA and Total mixture-, but not Cl mixture-induced toxicity. Gene-expression studies in rat CGNs using a sub-toxic and marginally toxic concentration ((0.4 nM-5.5 µM) 333x and (1 nM-8.2 µM) 500x human blood levels) of the mixtures, revealed differential expression of genes involved in apoptosis, oxidative stress, neurotransmission and cerebellar development, with more genes affected at the marginally toxic concentration. The two important neurodevelopmental markers Pax6 and Grin2b were downregulated at 500x human blood levels, accompanied by decreases in PAX6 and GluN2B protein levels, in cerebellum of offspring mice from mothers exposed to the Total mixture throughout pregnancy and lactation. In rat CGNs, the glutathione peroxidase gene Prdx6 and the regulatory transmembrane glycoprotein gene Sirpa were highly upregulated at both concentrations. In conclusion, our results support that early-life exposure to mixtures of POPs can cause adverse neurodevelopmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Friis Berntsen
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, NMBU-School of Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 369 sentrum, N-0102 Oslo, Norway; National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 5330 Majorstuen, 0304 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Nur Duale
- Section of Molecular Toxicology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Cesilie Granum Bjørklund
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, NMBU-School of Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 369 sentrum, N-0102 Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Kine Dyrberg
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, NMBU-School of Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 369 sentrum, N-0102 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Tim Hofer
- Section of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0403, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Kirsten Eline Rakkestad
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1072, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Gunn Østby
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, NMBU-School of Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 369 sentrum, N-0102 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ruth Halsne
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, NMBU-School of Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 369 sentrum, N-0102 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Gudrun Boge
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, NMBU-School of Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 369 sentrum, N-0102 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ragnhild Elisabeth Paulsen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1072, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Oddvar Myhre
- Section of Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0403, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Erik Ropstad
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Sciences, NMBU-School of Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 369 sentrum, N-0102 Oslo, Norway.
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Correa-Sáez A, Jiménez-Izquierdo R, Garrido-Rodríguez M, Morrugares R, Muñoz E, Calzado MA. Updating dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2): molecular basis, functions and role in diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4747-4763. [PMID: 32462403 PMCID: PMC7658070 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03556-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Members of the dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase (DYRKs) subfamily possess a distinctive capacity to phosphorylate tyrosine, serine, and threonine residues. Among the DYRK class II members, DYRK2 is considered a unique protein due to its role in disease. According to the post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications, DYRK2 expression greatly differs among human tissues. Regarding its mechanism of action, this kinase performs direct phosphorylation on its substrates or acts as a priming kinase, enabling subsequent substrate phosphorylation by GSK3β. Moreover, DYRK2 acts as a scaffold for the EDVP E3 ligase complex during the G2/M phase of cell cycle. DYRK2 functions such as cell survival, cell development, cell differentiation, proteasome regulation, and microtubules were studied in complete detail in this review. We have also gathered available information from different bioinformatic resources to show DYRK2 interactome, normal and tumoral tissue expression, and recurrent cancer mutations. Then, here we present an innovative approach to clarify DYRK2 functionality and importance. DYRK2 roles in diseases have been studied in detail, highlighting this kinase as a key protein in cancer development. First, DYRK2 regulation of c-Jun, c-Myc, Rpt3, TERT, and katanin p60 reveals the implication of this kinase in cell-cycle-mediated cancer development. Additionally, depletion of this kinase correlated with reduced apoptosis, with consequences on cancer patient response to chemotherapy. Other functions like cancer stem cell formation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition regulation are also controlled by DYRK2. Furthermore, the pharmacological modulation of this protein by different inhibitors (harmine, curcumine, LDN192960, and ID-8) has enabled to clarify DYRK2 functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Correa-Sáez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n., 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología E Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Jiménez-Izquierdo
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n., 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología E Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Martín Garrido-Rodríguez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n., 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología E Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rosario Morrugares
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n., 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología E Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Eduardo Muñoz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n., 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología E Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Marco A Calzado
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n., 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología E Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain.
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10
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Wozniak JM, Silva TA, Thomas D, Siqueira-Neto JL, McKerrow JH, Gonzalez DJ, Calvet CM. Molecular dissection of Chagas induced cardiomyopathy reveals central disease associated and druggable signaling pathways. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0007980. [PMID: 32433643 PMCID: PMC7279607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0007980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, the clinical presentation of T. cruzi infection, is a major human health concern. While the acute phase of Chagas disease is typically asymptomatic and self-resolving, chronically infected individuals suffer numerous sequelae later in life. Cardiomyopathies in particular are the most severe consequence of chronic Chagas disease and cannot be reversed solely by parasite load reduction. To prioritize new therapeutic targets, we unbiasedly interrogated the host signaling events in heart tissues isolated from a Chagas disease mouse model using quantitative, multiplexed proteomics. We defined the host response to infection at both the proteome and phospho-proteome levels. The proteome showed an increase in the immune response and a strong repression of several mitochondrial proteins. Complementing the proteome studies, the phospho-proteomic survey found an abundance of phospho-site alterations in plasma membrane and cytoskeletal proteins. Bioinformatic analysis of kinase activity provided substantial evidence for the activation of NDRG2 and JNK/p38 kinases during Chagas disease. A significant activation of DYRK2 and AMPKA2 and the inhibition of casein family kinases were also predicted. We concluded our analyses by linking the diseased heart proteome profile to known therapeutic interventions, uncovering a potential to target mitochondrial proteins, secreted immune effectors and core kinases for the treatment of chronic Chagas disease. Together, this study provides molecular insight into host proteome and phospho-proteome responses to T. cruzi infection in the heart for the first time, highlighting pathways that can be further validated for functional contributions to disease and suitability as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M. Wozniak
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Tatiana Araújo Silva
- Cellular Ultrastructure Laboratory; Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ; Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diane Thomas
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Jair L. Siqueira-Neto
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - James H. McKerrow
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - David J. Gonzalez
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DJG); (CMC)
| | - Claudia M. Calvet
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences; University of California San Diego; La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- Cellular Ultrastructure Laboratory; Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ; Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- * E-mail: (DJG); (CMC)
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11
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Woo Y, Kim SJ, Suh BK, Kwak Y, Jung HJ, Nhung TTM, Mun DJ, Hong JH, Noh SJ, Kim S, Lee A, Baek ST, Nguyen MD, Choe Y, Park SK. Sequential phosphorylation of NDEL1 by the DYRK2-GSK3β complex is critical for neuronal morphogenesis. eLife 2019; 8:e50850. [PMID: 31815665 PMCID: PMC6927744 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal morphogenesis requires multiple regulatory pathways to appropriately determine axonal and dendritic structures, thereby to enable the functional neural connectivity. Yet, however, the precise mechanisms and components that regulate neuronal morphogenesis are still largely unknown. Here, we newly identified the sequential phosphorylation of NDEL1 critical for neuronal morphogenesis through the human kinome screening and phospho-proteomics analysis of NDEL1 from mouse brain lysate. DYRK2 phosphorylates NDEL1 S336 to prime the phosphorylation of NDEL1 S332 by GSK3β. TARA, an interaction partner of NDEL1, scaffolds DYRK2 and GSK3β to form a tripartite complex and enhances NDEL1 S336/S332 phosphorylation. This dual phosphorylation increases the filamentous actin dynamics. Ultimately, the phosphorylation enhances both axonal and dendritic outgrowth and promotes their arborization. Together, our findings suggest the NDEL1 phosphorylation at S336/S332 by the TARA-DYRK2-GSK3β complex as a novel regulatory mechanism underlying neuronal morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsik Woo
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Kim
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyoung Suh
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Yongdo Kwak
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Jung
- Korea Brain Research InstituteDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Truong Thi My Nhung
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Mun
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Hong
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Noh
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Kim
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Ahryoung Lee
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Seung Tae Baek
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Minh Dang Nguyen
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
| | | | - Sang Ki Park
- Department of Life SciencesPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
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12
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Yoshida S, Yoshida K. Multiple functions of DYRK2 in cancer and tissue development. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2953-2965. [PMID: 31505048 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinases (DYRKs) are evolutionarily conserved from yeast to mammals. Accumulating studies have revealed that DYRKs have important roles in regulation of the cell cycle and survival. DYRK2, a member of the class II DYRK family protein, is a key regulator of p53, and phosphorylates it at Ser46 to induce apoptosis in response to DNA damage. Moreover, recent studies have uncovered that DYRK2 regulates G1/S transition, epithelial-mesenchymal-transition, and stemness in human cancer cells. DYRK2 also appears to have roles in tissue development in lower eukaryotes. Thus, the elucidation of mechanisms for DYRK2 during mammalian tissue development will promote the understanding of cell differentiation, tissue homeostasis, and congenital diseases as well as cancer. In this review, we discuss the roles of DYRK2 in tumor cells. Moreover, we focus on DYRK2-dependent developmental mechanisms in several species including fly (Drosophila), worm (Caenorhabditis elegans), zebrafish (Danio rerio), and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saishu Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyotsugu Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Quantitative Phosphoproteomics Reveals System-Wide Phosphorylation Network Altered by Spry in Mouse Mammary Stromal Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215400. [PMID: 31671542 PMCID: PMC6862705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the fundamental role of the stroma in normal development and cancer progression has been an emerging focus in recent years. The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling pathway has been reported playing critical roles in regulating the normal and cancer microenvironment, but the underlying mechanism is still not very clear. By applying the quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of Sprouty proteins (SPRYs), generic modulators of RTK signaling and deleted mouse mammary fibroblasts, we quantified a total of 11,215 unique phosphorylation sites. By contrast, 554 phosphorylation sites on 425 proteins had SPRY-responsive perturbations. Of these, 554 phosphosites, 362 sites on 277 proteins, were significantly increased, whereas 192 sites on 167 proteins were decreased. Among the regulated proteins, we identified 31 kinases, 7 phosphatases, and one phosphatase inhibitor that were not systematically characterized before. Furthermore, we reconstructed a phosphorylation network centered on RTK signaling regulated by SPRY. Collectively, this study uncovered a system-wide phosphorylation network regulated by SPRY, providing an additional insight into the complicated RTK signaling pathways involved in the mammary gland microenvironment.
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14
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Dowjat K, Adayev T, Wojda U, Brzozowska K, Barczak A, Gabryelewicz T, Hwang YW. Abnormalities of DYRK1A-Cytoskeleton Complexes in the Blood Cells as Potential Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 72:1059-1075. [PMID: 31683476 PMCID: PMC6971831 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DYRK1A is implicated in mental retardation and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia of Down syndrome (DS) individuals. The protein is associated with cytoskeleton and altered expression has been shown to impair the cytoskeletal network via dosage effect. OBJECTIVE Our original observations of marked reduction of cytoskeletal proteins associated with DYRK1A in brains and lymphoblastoid cell lines from DS and AD prompted an investigation whether cytoskeleton abnormalities could potentially be used as biomarkers of AD. METHODS Our assay relied on quantification of co-immunoprecipitated cytoskeletal proteins with DYRK1A (co-IP assay) and analysis of the profile of G- and F-actin fractions obtained by high-speed centrifugations (spin-down assay). RESULTS In co-IP assay, both DS and AD samples displayed reduced abundance of associated cytoskeletal proteins. In spin-down assay, G-actin fractions of controls displayed two closely spaced bands of actin in SDS-PAGE; while in AD and DS, only the upper band of the doublet was present. In both assays, alterations of actin cytoskeleton were present in DS, sporadic and familial AD cases, and in asymptomatic persons who later progressed to confirmed AD, but not in non-AD donors. In blind testing involving six AD and six controls, the above tests positively identified ten cases. Analysis of blood samples revealed the diversity of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) cases regarding the presence of the AD biomarker allowing distinction between likely prodromal AD and non-AD MCI cases. CONCLUSIONS Both brain tissue and lymphocytes from DS and AD displayed similar semi-quantitative and qualitative alterations of actin cytoskeleton. Their specificity for AD-type dementia and the presence before clinical onset of the disease make them suitable biomarker candidates for early and definite diagnosis of AD. The presence of alterations in peripheral tissue points to systemic underlying mechanisms and suggests that early dysfunction of cytoskeleton may be a predisposing factor in the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Dowjat
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tatyana Adayev
- Department of Genetics, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, NY, USA
| | - Urszula Wojda
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Brzozowska
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standard, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Barczak
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gabryelewicz
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yu-Wen Hwang
- Department of Molecular Biology, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Darwish SS, Abdel-Halim M, Salah M, Abadi AH, Becker W, Engel M. Development of novel 2,4-bispyridyl thiophene-based compounds as highly potent and selective Dyrk1A inhibitors. Part I: Benzamide and benzylamide derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:1031-1050. [PMID: 30193214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinase Dyrk1A modulates several processes relevant to the development or progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), e. g. through phosphorylation of tau protein, amyloid precursor protein (APP) as well as proteins involved in the regulation of alternative splicing of tau pre-mRNA. Therefore, Dyrk1A has been proposed as a potential target for the treatment of AD. However, the co-inhibition of other closely related kinases of the same family of protein kinases (e.g. Dyrk1B and Dyrk2) or kinases from other families such as Clk1 limits the use of Dyrk1A inhibitors, as this may cause unpredictable side effects especially over long treatment periods. Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of a series of amide functionalized 2,4-bispyridyl thiophene compounds, of which the 4-fluorobenzyl amide derivative (31b) displayed the highest potency against Dyrk1A and remarkable selectivity over closely related kinases (IC50: Dyrk1A = 14.3 nM; Dyrk1B = 383 nM, Clk1 > 2 μM). This degree of selectivity over the frequently hit off-targets has rarely been achieved to date. Additionally, 31b inhibited Dyrk1A in intact cells with high efficacy (IC50 = 79 nM). Furthermore, 31b displayed a high metabolic stability in vitro with a half-life of 2 h. Altogether, the benzamide and benzylamide extension at the 2,4-bispyridyl thiophene core improved several key properties, giving access to compound suitable for future in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Abdel-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Salah
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ashraf H Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Walter Becker
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Engel
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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16
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Alldred MJ, Chao HM, Lee SH, Beilin J, Powers BE, Petkova E, Strupp BJ, Ginsberg SD. CA1 pyramidal neuron gene expression mosaics in the Ts65Dn murine model of Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease following maternal choline supplementation. Hippocampus 2018; 28:251-268. [PMID: 29394516 PMCID: PMC5874173 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although there are changes in gene expression and alterations in neuronal density and afferent inputs in the forebrain of trisomic mouse models of Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), there is a lack of systematic assessments of gene expression and encoded proteins within individual vulnerable cell populations, precluding translational investigations at the molecular and cellular level. Further, no effective treatment exists to combat intellectual disability and basal forebrain cholinergic neurodegeneration seen in DS. To further our understanding of gene expression changes before and following cholinergic degeneration in a well-established mouse model of DS/AD, the Ts65Dn mouse, we assessed RNA expression levels from CA1 pyramidal neurons at two adult ages (∼6 months of age and ∼11 months of age) in both Ts65Dn and their normal disomic (2N) littermates. We further examined a therapeutic intervention, maternal choline supplementation (MCS), which has been previously shown to lessen dysfunction in spatial cognition and attention, and have protective effects on the survival of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in the Ts65Dn mouse model. Results indicate that MCS normalized expression of several genes in key gene ontology categories, including synaptic plasticity, calcium signaling, and AD-associated neurodegeneration related to amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) clearance. Specifically, normalized expression levels were found for endothelin converting enzyme-2 (Ece2), insulin degrading enzyme (Ide), Dyrk1a, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (Camk2a), among other relevant genes. Single population expression profiling of vulnerable CA1 pyramidal neurons indicates that MCS is a viable therapeutic for long-term reprogramming of key transcripts involved in neuronal signaling that are dysregulated in the trisomic mouse brain which have translational potential for DS and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J. Alldred
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY
- Departments of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Helen M. Chao
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY
- Departments of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Sang Han Lee
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY
- Child Psychiatry, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY
- Departments of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Judah Beilin
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY
| | | | - Eva Petkova
- Child Psychiatry, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Barbara J. Strupp
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Stephen D. Ginsberg
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY
- Departments of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
- Neuroscience & Physiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
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17
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Guterman-Ram G, Pesic M, Orenbuch A, Czeiger T, Aflalo A, Levaot N. Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 regulates osteoclast fusion in a cell heterotypic manner. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:617-629. [PMID: 28332708 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte fusion into osteoclasts, bone resorbing cells, plays a key role in bone remodeling and homeostasis; therefore, aberrant cell fusion may be involved in a variety of debilitating bone diseases. Research in the last decade has led to the discovery of genes that regulate osteoclast fusion, but the basic molecular and cellular regulatory mechanisms underlying the fusion process are not completely understood. Here, we reveal a role for Dyrk2 in osteoclast fusion. We demonstrate that Dyrk2 down regulation promotes osteoclast fusion, whereas its overexpression inhibits fusion. Moreover, Dyrk2 also promotes the fusion of foreign-body giant cells, indicating that Dyrk2 plays a more general role in cell fusion. In an earlier study, we showed that fusion is a cell heterotypic process initiated by fusion-founder cells that fuse to fusion-follower cells, the latter of which are unable to initiate fusion. Here, we show that Dyrk2 limits the expansion of multinucleated founder cells through the suppression of the fusion competency of follower cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gali Guterman-Ram
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Milena Pesic
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ayelet Orenbuch
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tal Czeiger
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Anastasia Aflalo
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Noam Levaot
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell (RMSC) Research Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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18
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Venø MT, Venø ST, Rehberg K, van Asperen JV, Clausen BH, Holm IE, Pasterkamp RJ, Finsen B, Kjems J. Cortical Morphogenesis during Embryonic Development Is Regulated by miR-34c and miR-204. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:31. [PMID: 28232790 PMCID: PMC5299138 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The porcine brain closely resembles the human brain in aspects such as development and morphology. Temporal miRNA profiling in the developing embryonic porcine cortex revealed a distinct set of miRNAs, including miR-34c and miR-204, which exhibited a highly specific expression profile across the time of cortical folding. These miRNAs were found to target Doublecortin (DCX), known to be involved in neuron migration during cortical folding of gyrencephalic brains. In vivo modulation of miRNA expression in mouse embryos confirmed that miR-34c and miR-204 can control neuronal migration and cortical morphogenesis, presumably by posttranscriptional regulation of DCX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten T Venø
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Susanne T Venø
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kati Rehberg
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jessy V van Asperen
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bettina H Clausen
- Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark Odense, Denmark
| | - Ida E Holm
- Laboratory for Experimental Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Randers Hospital Randers, Denmark
| | - R Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Bente Finsen
- Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark Odense, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Aarhus University Aarhus, Denmark
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19
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Gonçalves SA, Outeiro TF. Traffic jams and the complex role of α-Synuclein aggregation in Parkinson disease. Small GTPases 2016; 8:78-84. [PMID: 27314512 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2016.1199191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A common pathological event among various neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) is the misfolding and aggregation of different proteins in the brain. This is thought to potentiate aberrant protein-protein interactions that culminate in the disruption of several biological processes and, ultimately, in neuronal cell loss. Although protein aggregates are a common hallmark in several disorders, the molecular pathways leading to their generation remain unclear. The misfolding and aggregation of α-Synuclein (aSyn) is the pathological hallmark of Parkinson disease (PD), the second most common age related ND. It has been postulated that oligomeric species of aSyn, rather than more mature aggregated forms of the protein, are the causative agents of cytotoxicity. In recent years, we have been investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying the initial steps of aSyn accumulation in living cells. Using an unbiased genome-wide lentiviral RNAi screen we identified trafficking and kinase genes as modulators of aSyn oligomerization, aggregation, and toxicity. Among those, Rab8b, Rab11a, Rab13 and Slp5 were found to promote the clearance of aSyn inclusions and reduce aSyn toxicity. Moreover, we found that endocytic recycling and secretion of aSyn was enhanced upon expression of Rab11a or Rab13 in cells accumulating aSyn inclusions. Altogether, our findings suggest specific trafficking steps may prove beneficial as targets for therapeutic intervention in synucleinopathies, and should be further investigated in other models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana A Gonçalves
- a CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas , Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- a CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas , Universidade NOVA de Lisboa , Lisboa , Portugal.,b Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research , University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen , Germany.,c Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine , Göttingen , Germany
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20
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Gonçalves SA, Macedo D, Raquel H, Simões PD, Giorgini F, Ramalho JS, Barral DC, Ferreira Moita L, Outeiro TF. shRNA-Based Screen Identifies Endocytic Recycling Pathway Components That Act as Genetic Modifiers of Alpha-Synuclein Aggregation, Secretion and Toxicity. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005995. [PMID: 27123591 PMCID: PMC4849646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-Synuclein (aSyn) misfolding and aggregation is common in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, which are known as synucleinopathies. Accumulating evidence suggests that secretion and cell-to-cell trafficking of pathological forms of aSyn may explain the typical patterns of disease progression. However, the molecular mechanisms controlling aSyn aggregation and spreading of pathology are still elusive. In order to obtain unbiased information about the molecular regulators of aSyn oligomerization, we performed a microscopy-based large-scale RNAi screen in living cells. Interestingly, we identified nine Rab GTPase and kinase genes that modulated aSyn aggregation, toxicity and levels. From those, Rab8b, Rab11a, Rab13 and Slp5 were able to promote the clearance of aSyn inclusions and rescue aSyn induced toxicity. Furthermore, we found that endocytic recycling and secretion of aSyn was enhanced upon Rab11a and Rab13 expression in cells accumulating aSyn inclusions. Overall, our study resulted in the identification of new molecular players involved in the aggregation, toxicity, and secretion of aSyn, opening novel avenues for our understanding of the molecular basis of synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana A. Gonçalves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diana Macedo
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Pedro D. Simões
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Flaviano Giorgini
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - José S. Ramalho
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Duarte C. Barral
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Center, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Neurodegeneration and Restorative Research, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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21
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Schulpen SH, Theunissen PT, Pennings JL, Piersma AH. Comparison of gene expression regulation in mouse- and human embryonic stem cell assays during neural differentiation and in response to valproic acid exposure. Reprod Toxicol 2015; 56:77-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Yan R, Hu X, Zhang Q, Song L, Zhang M, Zhang Y, Zhao S. Spag6 Negatively Regulates Neuronal Migration During Mouse Brain Development. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 57:463-9. [PMID: 26130477 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0608-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sperm-associated antigen 6 (Spag6) is a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii PF16 homologous gene detected in the human testis and is crucial for sperm motility. Neuronal migration is a dynamic process requiring coordinated cytoskeletal remodeling, and Spag6 is co-localized with microtubules in Chinese hamster ovary cells and COS-1 cells. However, the role of Spag6 in neuronal migration remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that Spag6 was continuously expressed in the developing cerebral cortex. Using in utero electroporation (IUE), we found that overexpression of Spag6 delayed the rate of neuronal migration, rather than affecting the ultimate fate of cortical neurons. Furthermore, overexpression of Spag6 caused a significant decrease in neurite number and length of cortical neurons. Our results indicated that Spag6 controlled neuronal migration as well as neurite branching and elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runchuan Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinde Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingzhen Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yamei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanting Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Asokan A, Ball AR, Laird CD, Hermer L, Ormerod BK. Desvenlafaxine may accelerate neuronal maturation in the dentate gyri of adult male rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98530. [PMID: 24896246 PMCID: PMC4045676 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis has been linked to the effects of anti-depressant drugs on behavior in rodent models of depression. To explore this link further, we tested whether the serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) venlafaxine impacted adult hippocampal neurogenesis differently than its primary active SNRI metabolite desvenlafaxine. Adult male Long Evans rats (n = 5-6 per group) were fed vehicle, venlafaxine (0.5 or 5 mg) or desvenlafaxine (0.5 or 5 mg) twice daily for 16 days. Beginning the third day of drug treatment, the rats were given a daily bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU; 50 mg/kg) injection for 5 days to label dividing cells and then perfused 2 weeks after the first BrdU injection to confirm total new hippocampal cell numbers and their phenotypes. The high desvenlafaxine dose increased total new BrdU+ cell number and appeared to accelerate neuronal maturation because fewer BrdU+ cells expressed maturing neuronal phenotypes and more expressed mature neuronal phenotypes in the dentate gyri of these versus vehicle-treated rats. While net neurogenesis was not increased in the dentate gyri of rats treated with the high desvenlafaxine dose, significantly more mature neurons were detected. Our data expand the body of literature showing that antidepressants impact adult neurogenesis by stimulating NPC proliferation and perhaps the survival of neuronal progeny and by showing that a high dose of the SNRI antidepressant desvenlafaxine, but neither a high nor low venlafaxine dose, may also accelerate neuronal maturation in the adult rat hippocampus. These data support the hypothesis that hippocampal neurogenesis may indeed serve as a biomarker of depression and the effects of antidepressant treatment, and may be informative for developing novel fast-acting antidepressant strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Asokan
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering and Evelyn F. & William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Alan R. Ball
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering and Evelyn F. & William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Christina D. Laird
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering and Evelyn F. & William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Linda Hermer
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Neuroscience Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Brandi K. Ormerod
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering and Evelyn F. & William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
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24
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Schmitt C, Kail D, Mariano M, Empting M, Weber N, Paul T, Hartmann RW, Engel M. Design and synthesis of a library of lead-like 2,4-bisheterocyclic substituted thiophenes as selective Dyrk/Clk inhibitors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87851. [PMID: 24676346 PMCID: PMC3968014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Dyrk family of protein kinases is implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer and neurodegeneration. Pharmacological inhibitors were mainly described for Dyrk1A so far, but in fewer cases for Dyrk1B, Dyrk2 or other isoforms. Herein, we report the development and optimization of 2,4-bisheterocyclic substituted thiophenes as a novel class of Dyrk inhibitors. The optimized hit compounds displayed favorable pharmacokinetic properties and high ligand efficiencies, and inhibited Dyrk1B in intact cells. In a larger selectivity screen, only Clk1 and Clk4 were identified as additional targets of compound 48, but no other kinases frequently reported as off-targets. Interestingly, Dyrk1A is implicated in the regulation of alternative splicing, a function shared with Clk1/Clk4; thus, some of the dual inhibitors might be useful as efficient splicing modulators. A further compound (29) inhibited Dyrk1A and 1B with an IC50 of 130 nM, showing a moderate selectivity over Dyrk2. Since penetration of the central nervous system (CNS) seems possible based on the physicochemical properties, this compound might serve as a lead for the development of potential therapeutic agents against glioblastoma. Furthermore, an inhibitor selective for Dyrk2 (24) was also identified, which might be are suitable as a pharmacological tool to dissect Dyrk2 isoform-mediated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schmitt
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Marica Mariano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Martin Empting
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz-Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nadja Weber
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tamara Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz-Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Matthias Engel
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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25
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Kaczmarski W, Barua M, Mazur-Kolecka B, Frackowiak J, Dowjat W, Mehta P, Bolton D, Hwang YW, Rabe A, Albertini G, Wegiel J. Intracellular distribution of differentially phosphorylated dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A). J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:162-73. [PMID: 24327345 PMCID: PMC3951420 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The gene encoding dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is located within the Down syndrome (DS) critical region of chromosome 21. DYRK1A interacts with a plethora of substrates in the cytosol, cytoskeleton, and nucleus. Its overexpression is a contributing factor to the developmental alterations and age-associated pathology observed in DS. We hypothesized that the intracellular distribution of DYRK1A and cell-compartment-specific functions are associated with DYRK1A posttranslational modifications. Fractionation showed that, in both human and mouse brain, almost 80% of DYRK1A was associated with the cytoskeleton, and the remaining DYRK1A was present in the cytosolic and nuclear fractions. Coimmunoprecipitation revealed that DYRK1A in the brain cytoskeleton fraction forms complexes with filamentous actin, neurofilaments, and tubulin. Two-dimensional gel analysis of the fractions revealed DYRK1A with distinct isoelectric points: 5.5-6.5 in the nucleus, 7.2-8.2 in the cytoskeleton, and 8.7 in the cytosol. Phosphate-affinity gel electrophoresis demonstrated several bands of DYRK1A with different mobility shifts for nuclear, cytoskeletal, and cytosolic DYRK1A, indicating modification by phosphorylation. Mass spectrometry analysis disclosed one phosphorylated site in the cytosolic DYRK1A and multiple phosphorylated residues in the cytoskeletal DYRK1A, including two not previously described. This study supports the hypothesis that intracellular distribution and compartment-specific functions of DYRK1A may depend on its phosphorylation pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Kaczmarski
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NYS Institute for Basic
Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Madhabi Barua
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NYS Institute for Basic
Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Bozena Mazur-Kolecka
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NYS Institute for Basic
Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Janusz Frackowiak
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NYS Institute for Basic
Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Wieslaw Dowjat
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NYS Institute for Basic
Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Pankaj Mehta
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NYS Institute for Basic
Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - David Bolton
- Department of Molecular Biology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in
Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Yu-Wen Hwang
- Department of Molecular Biology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in
Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Ausma Rabe
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NYS Institute for Basic
Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
| | - Giorgio Albertini
- Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, San Raffaele
Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Jerzy Wegiel
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NYS Institute for Basic
Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, New York, USA
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26
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USP47 and C terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP) antagonistically regulate katanin-p60-mediated axonal growth. J Neurosci 2013; 33:12728-38. [PMID: 23904609 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0698-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Katanin is a heterodimeric enzyme that severs and disassembles microtubules. While the p60 subunit has the enzyme activity, the p80 subunit regulates the p60 activity. The microtubule-severing activity of katanin plays an essential role in axonal growth. However, the mechanisms by which neuronal cells regulate the expression of katanin-p60 remains unknown. Here we showed that USP47 and C terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP) antagonistically regulate the stability of katanin-p60 and thereby axonal growth. USP47 was identified as a katanin-p60-specific deubiquitinating enzyme for its stabilization. We also identified CHIP as a ubiquitin E3 ligase that promotes proteasome-mediated degradation of katanin-p60. Moreover, USP47 promoted axonal growth of cultured rat hippocampal neurons, whereas CHIP inhibited it. Significantly, treatment with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), an inducer of axonal growth, increased the levels of USP47 and katanin-p60, but not CHIP. Consistently, bFGF treatment resulted in a marked decrease in the level of ubiquitinated katanin-p60 and thereby in the promotion of axonal growth. On the other hand, the level of USP47, but not CHIP, decreased concurrently with that of katanin-p60 as axons reached their target cells. These results indicate that USP47 plays a crucial role in the control of axonal growth during neuronal development by antagonizing CHIP-mediated katanin-p60 degradation.
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