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Ebrahimi N, Manavi MS, Nazari A, Momayezi A, Faghihkhorasani F, Rasool Riyadh Abdulwahid AH, Rezaei-Tazangi F, Kavei M, Rezaei R, Mobarak H, Aref AR, Fang W. Nano-scale delivery systems for siRNA delivery in cancer therapy: New era of gene therapy empowered by nanotechnology. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117263. [PMID: 37797672 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a unique treatment approach used to decrease a disease's excessive gene expression, including cancer. SiRNAs may find and destroy homologous mRNA sequences within the cell thanks to RNAi processes. However, difficulties such poor cellular uptake, off-target effects, and susceptibility to destruction by serum nucleases in the bloodstream restrict the therapeutic potential of siRNAs. Since some years ago, siRNA-based therapies have been in the process of being translated into the clinic. Therefore, the primary emphasis of this work is on sophisticated nanocarriers that aid in the transport of siRNA payloads, their administration in combination with anticancer medications, and their use in the treatment of cancer. The research looks into molecular manifestations, difficulties with siRNA transport, the design and development of siRNA-based delivery methods, and the benefits and drawbacks of various nanocarriers. The trapping of siRNA in endosomes is a challenge for the majority of delivery methods, which affects the therapeutic effectiveness. Numerous techniques for siRNA release, including as pH-responsive release, membrane fusion, the proton sponge effect, and photochemical disruption, have been studied to overcome this problem. The present state of siRNA treatments in clinical trials is also looked at in order to give a thorough and systematic evaluation of siRNA-based medicines for efficient cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Ebrahimi
- Genetics Division, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Nazari
- Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirali Momayezi
- School of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science, and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Science, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mohammed Kavei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Roya Rezaei
- Department of Microbiology, College of Science, Agriculture and Modern Technology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Halimeh Mobarak
- Clinical Pathologist, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Xsphera Biosciences, Translational Medicine Group, 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA, 02210, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Wei Fang
- Department of Laser and Aesthetic Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Mostafavi E, Iravani S, Varma RS, Khatami M, Rahbarizadeh F. Eco-friendly synthesis of carbon nanotubes and their cancer theranostic applications. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 3:4765-4782. [PMID: 35812837 PMCID: PMC9207599 DOI: 10.1039/d2ma00341d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with attractive physicochemical characteristics such as high surface area, mechanical strength, functionality, and electrical/thermal conductivity have been widely studied in different fields of science. However, the preparation of these nanostructures on a large scale is either expensive or sometimes ecologically unfriendly. In this context, plenty of studies have been conducted to discover innovative methods to fabricate CNTs in an eco-friendly and inexpensive manner. CNTs have been synthesized using various natural hydrocarbon precursors, including plant extracts (e.g., tea-tree extract), essential oils (e.g., eucalyptus and sunflower oil), biodiesel, milk, honey, and eggs, among others. Additionally, agricultural bio-wastes have been widely studied for synthesizing CNTs. Researchers should embrace the usage of natural and renewable precursors as well as greener methods to produce various types of CNTs in large quantities with the advantages of cost-effectiveness and environmentally benign features. In addition, multifunctionalized CNTs with improved biocompatibility and targeting features are promising candidates for cancer theranostic applications owing to their attractive optical, chemical, thermal, and electrical properties. This perspective discusses the recent developments in eco-friendly synthesis of CNTs using green chemistry-based techniques, natural renewable resources, and sustainable catalysts, with emphasis on important challenges and future perspectives and highlighting techniques for the functionalization or modification of CNTs. Significant and promising cancer theranostic applications as well as their biocompatibility and cytotoxicity issues are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Mostafavi
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine CA 94305 USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305 USA
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences 81746-73461 Isfahan Iran
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University in Olomouc Slechtitelu 27 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Mehrdad Khatami
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences Bam Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
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3
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Hassan EM, Zou S. Novel nanocarriers for silencing anti-phagocytosis CD47 marker in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 217:112609. [PMID: 35667200 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a malignant disorder of Hematopoietic stem cells, can escape immunosurveillance by over expression of the cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) marker, which functions as an inhibitory signal, suppressing phagocytosis by binding to signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα) on macrophages. AML is treated mainly by chemotherapy, which has drastic side effects and poor outcomes for the patients. Most AML patients develop drug resistance, so other methods to treat AML are highly required. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is considered as an antitumor therapeutic due to its ability to silence genes associated with the overexpressed cancer markers and subsequently re-sensitize cancer cells. However, delivering siRNA into cells faces challenges, and the development of an effective delivery system is desired for successful silencing at the gene level. Herein, we report the usage of different formulations of graphene oxide (GO) as carriers for the delivery of CD47_siRNA (siRNA against CD47) into AML cells in vitro. The polyethylene glycol (PEG) and dendrimers (PAMAM) modified GO with small flake sizes achieved the highest silencing efficiency of the anti-phagocytosis marker CD47 gene, resulted CD47 protein down-regulation in AML cells. Moreover, the concentration at which the GO-based formulations was used has shown no cytotoxicity in AML cells or normal blood cells, which could be used to screen potential drugs for targeted gene therapy in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Hassan
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Shan Zou
- Metrology Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
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4
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Ghidini M, Silva SG, Evangelista J, do Vale MLC, Farooqi AA, Pinheiro M. Nanomedicine for the Delivery of RNA in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2677. [PMID: 35681657 PMCID: PMC9179531 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity, and the diversity of the different types of cancers allied to the tendency to form metastasis make treatment efficiency so tricky and often impossible due to the advanced stage of the disease in the diagnosis. In recent years, due to tremendous scientific breakthroughs, we have witnessed exponential growth in the elucidation of mechanisms that underlie carcinogenesis and metastasis. The development of more selective therapies made it possible to improve cancer treatment. Although interdisciplinary research leads to encouraging results, scientists still have a long exploration journey. RNA technology represents a promise as a therapeutic intervention for targeted gene silencing in cancer, and there are already some RNA-based formulations in clinical trials. However, the use of RNA as a therapeutic tool presents severe limitations, mainly related to its low stability and poor cellular uptake. Thus, the use of nanomedicine employing nanoparticles to encapsulate RNA may represent a suitable platform to address the major challenges hampering its therapeutic application. In this review, we have revisited the potential of RNA and RNA-associated therapies to fight cancer, also providing, as support, a general overview of nanoplatforms for RNA delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ghidini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Sandra G. Silva
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.G.S.); (M.L.C.d.V.)
| | - Jessica Evangelista
- Thoracic Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Luísa C. do Vale
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; (S.G.S.); (M.L.C.d.V.)
| | - Ammad Ahmad Farooqi
- Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Marina Pinheiro
- REQUIMTE, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- ICVS, Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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5
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Kumar N, Chamoli P, Misra M, Manoj MK, Sharma A. Advanced metal and carbon nanostructures for medical, drug delivery and bio-imaging applications. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3987-4017. [PMID: 35244647 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07643d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) offer great promise for biomedical, environmental, and clinical applications due to their several unique properties as compared to their bulk counterparts. In this review article, we overview various types of metal NPs and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in monolithic form as well as embedded into polymer matrices for specific drug delivery and bio-imaging fields. The second part of this review covers important carbon nanostructures that have gained tremendous attention recently in such medical applications due to their ease of fabrication, excellent biocompatibility, and biodegradability at both cellular and molecular levels for phototherapy, radio-therapeutics, gene-delivery, and biotherapeutics. Furthermore, various applications and challenges involved in the use of NPs as biomaterials are also discussed following the future perspectives of the use of NPs in biomedicine. This review aims to contribute to the applications of different NPs in medicine and healthcare that may open up new avenues to encourage wider research opportunities across various disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, SOE, O.P. Jindal University, Raigarh 496109, India
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, NIT Raipur, Raipur, 492010, India
| | - Pankaj Chamoli
- School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Department of Physics, Shri Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun-248001, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mrinmoy Misra
- Department of Mechatronics, School of Automobile, Mechanical and Mechatronics, Manipal University Jaipur, 303007 Rajasthan, India
| | - M K Manoj
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, NIT Raipur, Raipur, 492010, India
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon-16499, South Korea.
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6
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de Carvalho Lima EN, Octaviano ALM, Piqueira JRC, Diaz RS, Justo JF. Coronavirus and Carbon Nanotubes: Seeking Immunological Relationships to Discover Immunotherapeutic Possibilities. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:751-781. [PMID: 35241912 PMCID: PMC8887185 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s341890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019, the world has faced an unprecedented pandemic crisis due to a new coronavirus disease, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), which has instigated intensive studies on prevention and treatment possibilities. Here, we investigate the relationships between the immune activation induced by three coronaviruses associated with recent outbreaks, with special attention to SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, and the immune activation induced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to understand the points of convergence in immune induction and modulation. Evidence suggests that CNTs are among the most promising materials for use as immunotherapeutic agents. Therefore, this investigation explores new possibilities of effective immunotherapies for COVID-19. This study aimed to raise interest and knowledge about the use of CNTs as immunotherapeutic agents in coronavirus treatment. Thus, we summarize the most important immunological aspects of various coronavirus infections and describe key advances and challenges in using CNTs as immunotherapeutic agents against viral infections and the activation of the immune response induced by CNTs, which can shed light on the immunotherapeutic possibilities of CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elidamar Nunes de Carvalho Lima
- Telecommunication and Control Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Electronic Systems Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-010, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Moraes Octaviano
- Telecommunication and Control Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Castilho Piqueira
- Telecommunication and Control Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Sobhie Diaz
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Francisco Justo
- Electronic Systems Engineering Department, Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-010, Brazil
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7
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Ansari AS, K C R, Jiang X, Uludaǧ H. Investigation of water-insoluble hydrophobic polyethylenimines as RNAi vehicles in chronic myeloid leukemia therapy. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:2306-2321. [PMID: 33964112 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) more than two decades ago opened avenues for avant-garde cancer treatments that possess the ability to evade issues hampering current chemotherapeutic strategies, owing to its specific gene sequence-driven mechanism of action. A potent short interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery vehicle designed to overcome physiological barriers is imperative for successful RNAi therapy. For this purpose, this study explored the characteristics and therapeutic efficacy of low-molecular weight (MW) polyethylenimine (PEI) with high cholesterol substitution, yielding water-insoluble polymers, in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) K562 cells. A strong impact of cholesterol grafting on the physicochemical attributes of the resultant polymers and their corresponding complexes with siRNA was observed, with the siRNA binding capacity of polymers increasing and complex dissociation sensitivity decreasing with increase in cholesterol content of the polymers. The modified polymer complexes were significantly smaller in size and possessed higher cationic charge compared to the parent polymer. The interaction with anionic heparan sulfate preoteoglycans present on the cell surface was significant in cellular uptake of the complexes. The therapeutic efficacy of siRNA/polymer complexes was reflected in their ability to effectively silence the reporter green fluorescent protein gene and endogenous CML oncogene BCR-ABL as well as significantly inhibit colony formation by K562 cells post BCR-ABL silencing. The results of this study demonstrated beneficial effects of high levels of hydrophobic substitution on low MW PEI on their functional performance bestowing them the potential to be potent RNAi agents for CML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha S Ansari
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Remant K C
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Hasan Uludaǧ
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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8
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Sajjadi M, Nasrollahzadeh M, Jaleh B, Soufi GJ, Iravani S. Carbon-based nanomaterials for targeted cancer nanotherapy: recent trends and future prospects. J Drug Target 2021; 29:716-741. [PMID: 33566719 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2021.1886301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials are becoming attractive materials due to their unique structural dimensions and promising mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical and chemical characteristics. Carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide, carbon and graphene quantum dots have numerous applications in diverse areas, including biosensing, drug/gene delivery, tissue engineering, imaging, regenerative medicine, diagnosis, and cancer therapy. Cancer remains one of the major health problems all over the world, and several therapeutic approaches are focussed on designing targeted anticancer drug delivery nanosystems by applying benign and less hazardous resources with high biocompatibility, ease of functionalization, remarkable targeted therapy issues, and low adverse effects. This review highlights the recent development on these carbon based-nanomaterials in the field of targeted cancer therapy and discusses their possible and promising diagnostic and therapeutic applications for the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Sajjadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
| | | | - Babak Jaleh
- Department of Physics, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | | | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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9
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Aoki K, Ogihara N, Tanaka M, Haniu H, Saito N. Carbon nanotube-based biomaterials for orthopaedic applications. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:9227-9238. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01440k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes can enhance the functionality of orthopedic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Aoki
- Physical Therapy Division
- School of Health Sciences
- Shinshu University
- Nagano 390-8621
- Japan
| | - Nobuhide Ogihara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- Ina Central Hospital
- Nagano 396-8555
- Japan
| | - Manabu Tanaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery
- Okaya City Hospital
- Nagano 394-8512
- Japan
| | - Hisao Haniu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Graduate School of Medicine
- Science and Technology
- Shinshu University
- Nagano 390-8621
| | - Naoto Saito
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research
- Shinshu University
- Matsumoto
- Nagano 390-8621
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10
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Ghosn Y, Kamareddine MH, Tawk A, Elia C, El Mahmoud A, Terro K, El Harake N, El-Baba B, Makdessi J, Farhat S. Inorganic Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems and Their Potential Role in the Treatment of Chronic Myelogenous Leukaemia. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2019; 18:1533033819853241. [PMID: 31138064 PMCID: PMC6542119 DOI: 10.1177/1533033819853241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia is a myeloproliferative disease where cells of myeloid linage display a t(9;22) chromosomal translocation leading to the formation of the BCR/ABL fusion gene and the continuous activation of tyrosine kinases. This malignancy has a peak incidence at 45 to 85 years, accounting for 15% of all leukemias in adults. Controlling the activity of tyrosine kinase became the main strategy in chronic myeloid leukemia treatment, with imatinib being placed at the forefront of current treatment protocols. New approaches in future anticancer therapy are emerging with nanomedicine being gradually implemented. Setting through a thorough survey of published literature, this review discusses the use of inorganic nanoparticles in chronic myeloid leukemia therapy. After an introduction on the basics of chronic myeloid leukemia, a description of the current treatment modalities of chronic myeloid leukemia and drug-resistance mechanisms is presented. This is followed by a general view on the applications of nanostrategies in medicine and then a detailed breakdown of inorganic nanocarriers and their uses in chronic myeloid leukemia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Ghosn
- 1 Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, El-Koura, Lebanon
| | | | - Antonios Tawk
- 1 Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, El-Koura, Lebanon
| | - Carlos Elia
- 2 Faculty of Engineering, Chemical Engineering, University of Balamand, El-Koura, Lebanon
| | - Ahmad El Mahmoud
- 1 Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, El-Koura, Lebanon
| | - Khodor Terro
- 1 Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, El-Koura, Lebanon
| | - Nadia El Harake
- 1 Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, El-Koura, Lebanon
| | - Bachar El-Baba
- 1 Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, El-Koura, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Makdessi
- 3 Department of Hematology - Oncology, Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Said Farhat
- 4 Department of Gastroenterology, Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Achrafieh-Beirut, Lebanon
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11
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Valencia-Serna J, Kucharski C, Chen M, Kc R, Jiang X, Brandwein J, Uludağ H. siRNA-mediated BCR-ABL silencing in primary chronic myeloid leukemia cells using lipopolymers. J Control Release 2019; 310:141-154. [PMID: 31430499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite development of effective tyrosine kinase inhibitors for treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), some patients do not effectively respond to the therapy and can display resistance in response to the drug therapy. To develop an alternative approach to CML therapy, we are exploring siRNA mediated silencing of the primary CML oncogene, BCR-ABL, by using non-viral (polymeric) delivery systems. In this study, a group of lipopolymers derived from low molecular PEIs substituted with linoleic acid (LA), α-linolenic acid (αLA) and cholesterol (Chol) was investigated for the first time for siRNA delivery to CML primary samples. The delivery efficiency in primary cells was equivalent to CML K562 cell line, and the lipopolymers gave effective internalization of siRNA depending on the nature of lipid substituent. The PEI-αLA (2.5 αLA/PEI), PEI-Chol (2.2 Chol/PEI), and PEI-LA (2.6 LA/PEI) lipopolymers used as BCR-ABL siRNA carriers (at 60 nM siRNA) reduced the BCR-ABL mRNA expression by 17% to 45%, and inhibited the formation of colonies by 24% to 41% in comparison with control siRNA in mononuclear cells. BCR-ABL siRNA treatment reduced the BCR-ABL mRNA expression by 50% in one of two CD34+ samples tested, and combination of BCR-ABL siRNA with imatinib (IM) treatment decreased the colony formation by 65% in one of two samples evaluated. The fact that no single polymer was universally effective in all patient samples may suggest patient-to-patient variability in terms of therapeutic responses to siRNA therapy. These results showed that a low dose of BCR-ABL siRNA could be used with lipopolymers to reduce BCR-ABL mRNA expression, CML cell survival and colony formation. This proof of principle study in CML primary cells can be applied to silencing of other therapeutic targets besides BCR-ABL and a study with larger patient samples is warranted for better identification of effective siRNA carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Valencia-Serna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, AB, Canada.
| | - Cezary Kucharski
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, AB, Canada
| | - Min Chen
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Remant Kc
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, AB, Canada
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Joseph Brandwein
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hasan Uludağ
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, AB, Canada; Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, AB, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, AB, Canada.
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12
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13
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Mohajeri M, Behnam B, Sahebkar A. Biomedical applications of carbon nanomaterials: Drug and gene delivery potentials. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:298-319. [PMID: 30078182 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
One of the major components in the development of nanomedicines is the choice of the right biomaterial, which notably determines the subsequent biological responses. The popularity of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) has been on the rise due to their numerous applications in the fields of drug delivery, bioimaging, tissue engineering, and biosensing. Owing to their considerably high surface area, multifunctional surface chemistry, and excellent optical activity, novel functionalized CNMs possess efficient drug-loading capacity, biocompatibility, and lack of immunogenicity. Over the past few decades, several advances have been made on the functionalization of CNMs to minimize their health concerns and enhance their biosafety. Recent evidence has also implied that CNMs can be functionalized with bioactive peptides, proteins, nucleic acids, and drugs to achieve composites with remarkably low toxicity and high pharmaceutical efficiency. This review focuses on the three main classes of CNMs, including fullerenes, graphenes, and carbon nanotubes, and their recent biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mohajeri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Behzad Behnam
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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14
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Caoduro C, Hervouet E, Girard-Thernier C, Gharbi T, Boulahdour H, Delage-Mourroux R, Pudlo M. Carbon nanotubes as gene carriers: Focus on internalization pathways related to functionalization and properties. Acta Biomater 2017; 49:36-44. [PMID: 27826000 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes represent promising transporters for delivery of DNA and other biomolecules into living cells. Various methods of CNTs surface functionalization have been developed. These are essential to improve CNTs dispersibility and permit their interactions with biological structures that broaden their use in advanced biomedical applications. The present review discusses the different single walled carbon nanotubes and multiwalled carbon nanotubes functionalization methods, leading to the formation of optimized and functionalized-CNT complexes with DNA. F-CNTs are recognized as efficient and promising gene carriers. Emphasis is then placed on the processes used by f-CNTs/DNA complexes to cross cell membranes. Energy independent pathways and uptake mechanisms dependent on energy, such as endocytosis or phagocytosis, are reported by many studies, and if these mechanisms seem contradictory at first sight, a detailed review of the literature illustrates that they are rather complementary. Preferential use of one or the other depends on the DNA and CNTs chemical nature and physical parameters, experimental procedures and cell types. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Efficient non-viral gene delivery is desirable, yet challenging. CNTs appear as a promising solution to penetrate into cells and successfully deliver DNA. Moreover, the field of use of CNTs as gene carrier is large and is currently growing. This critical review summarizes the development and evaluation of CNTs as intracellular gene delivery system and provides an overview of functionalized CNTs/DNA cellular uptake mechanisms, depending on several parameters of CNTs/DNA complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Caoduro
- Nanomedicine, Imagery and Therapeutics Laboratory, EA4662, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Eric Hervouet
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, EA3922, Expression Génique et Pathologies du Système Nerveux Central, SFRIBCT FED 4234, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Corine Girard-Thernier
- Fonctions et Dysfonctions Epithéliales, EA4267, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Tijani Gharbi
- Nanomedicine, Imagery and Therapeutics Laboratory, EA4662, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Hatem Boulahdour
- Nanomedicine, Imagery and Therapeutics Laboratory, EA4662, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Régis Delage-Mourroux
- Laboratoire de Biochimie, EA3922, Expression Génique et Pathologies du Système Nerveux Central, SFRIBCT FED 4234, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France
| | - Marc Pudlo
- Fonctions et Dysfonctions Epithéliales, EA4267, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France.
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15
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Hwang Y, Park SH, Lee JW. Applications of Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes for the Therapy and Diagnosis of Cancer. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E13. [PMID: 30970690 PMCID: PMC6432390 DOI: 10.3390/polym9010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are attractive nanostructures that serve as multifunctional transporters in biomedical applications, especially in the field of cancer therapy and diagnosis. Owing to their easily tunable nature and remarkable properties, numerous functionalizations and treatments of CNTs have been attempted for their utilization as hybrid nano-carriers in the delivery of various anticancer drugs, genes, proteins, and immunotherapeutic molecules. In this review, we discuss the current advances in the applications of CNT-based novel delivery systems with an emphasis on the various functionalizations of CNTs. We also highlight recent findings that demonstrate their important roles in cancer imaging applications, demonstrating their potential as unique agents with high-level ultrasonic emission, strong Raman scattering resonance, and magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsung Hwang
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31151, Korea.
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31151, Korea.
| | - Sung-Hoon Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Soongsil University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06978, Korea.
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
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Kumar S, Rani R, Dilbaghi N, Tankeshwar K, Kim KH. Carbon nanotubes: a novel material for multifaceted applications in human healthcare. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:158-196. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00517a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable advances achieved in modern material technology, especially in device fabrication, have facilitated diverse materials to expand the list of their application fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology
- Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology
- Hisar
- India
| | - Ruma Rani
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology
- Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology
- Hisar
- India
| | - Neeraj Dilbaghi
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology
- Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology
- Hisar
- India
| | - K. Tankeshwar
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology
- Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology
- Hisar
- India
- Department of Physics
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering
- Hanyang University
- Seoul 04763
- Republic of Korea
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17
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Ansari AS, Santerre PJ, Uludağ H. Biomaterials for polynucleotide delivery to anchorage-independent cells. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:7238-7261. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01833a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Comparison of various chemical vectors used for polynucleotide delivery to mammalian anchorage-independent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha S. Ansari
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Paul J. Santerre
- Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering
- University of Toronto
- Toronto
- Canada
| | - Hasan Uludağ
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- University of Alberta
- Edmonton
- Canada
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18
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Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have received increasing attention in biomedical fields because of their unique structures and properties, including high aspect ratios, large surface areas, rich surface chemical functionalities, and size stability on the nanoscale. Particularly, they are attractive as carriers and mediators for cancer therapy. Through appropriate functionalization, CNTs have been used as nanocarriers for anticancer drugs including doxorubicin, camptothecin, carboplatin, cisplatin, paclitaxel, Pt(II), and Pt(IV), and genes including plasmid DNA, small-interfering RNA, oligonucleotides, and RNA/DNA aptamers. CNTs can also deliver proteins and immunotherapy components. Using combinations of light energy, they have also been applied as mediators for photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy to directly destroy cancer cells without severely damaging normal tissue. If limitations such as a long-term cytotoxicity in the body, lack of size uniformity during the synthetic process, loading deviations for drug–CNT complexes, and release controllability at the target point are overcome, CNTs will become one of the strongest tools that are available for various other biomedical fields as well as for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center
| | | | - Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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19
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PEGylation of 6-amino-6-deoxy-curdlan for efficient in vivo siRNA delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 141:92-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Li H, Hao Y, Wang N, Wang L, Jia S, Wang Y, Yang L, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. DOTAP functionalizing single-walled carbon nanotubes as non-viral vectors for efficient intracellular siRNA delivery. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:840-8. [PMID: 24892622 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.919542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) with 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) were used as novel and more convenient carriers of small interfering RNA (siRNA). OBJECTIVE To utilize the unique capability of SWNT to be easily modified by functional groups and readily internalized by mammalian cells to bind, condense, stabilize siRNA and enhance its transfection efficiency. METHODS After SWNT were non-covalently functionalized by cationic DOTAP (SWNT-DOTAP), siRNA interacted with SWNT-DOTAP via static electricity (SWNT-DOTAP/siRNA). Subsequently, the size, zeta potential and morphology of SWNT-DOTAP/siRNA were analyzed. The optimal compression ratio and stability of siRNA were assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, in prostate carcinoma PC-3 cells, RT-PCR, flow cytometry and sulforhodamine B assays were used to evaluate the silencing activity, transfection efficiency and cell proliferation, respectively. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The characteristics of SWNT-DOTAP, i.e. an average size of 194.49 nm, a zeta potential of 45.16 mV and lower cytotoxicity than Lipofectamine 2000, indicated that this vector was suitable for siRNA delivery. Moreover, after interaction with SWNT-DOTAP, siRNA of human telomerase reverse transcriptase was bound, condensed and stabilized. In PC-3 cells, SWNT-DOTAP/siRNA exhibited 82.6% silencing activity and 92% transfection efficiency. Furthermore, the complexes inhibited cell proliferation by 42.1%. CONCLUSION SWNT-DOTAP may be a promising siRNA delivery vector for gene-based therapeutic applications in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Li
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450002 , China
| | - Yongwei Hao
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450002 , China
| | - Ning Wang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450002 , China .,b Department of pharmacy , the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University , Xinxiang 453100 , China
| | - Lei Wang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450002 , China
| | - Shasha Jia
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450002 , China
| | - Yali Wang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450002 , China
| | - Lijia Yang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450002 , China
| | - Yun Zhang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450002 , China
| | - Zhenzhong Zhang
- a School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450002 , China
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21
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Guo C, Al-Jamal WT, Toma FM, Bianco A, Prato M, Al-Jamal KT, Kostarelos K. Design of Cationic Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes as Efficient siRNA Vectors for Lung Cancer Xenograft Eradication. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:1370-9. [PMID: 26036843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polo-Like Kinase (PLK1) has been identified as a potential target in cancer gene therapy via chemical or genetic inhibitory approaches. The biomedical applications of chemically functionalized carbon nanotubes (f-CNTs) in cancer therapy have been studied due to their ability to efficiently deliver siRNA intracellularly. In this study, we established the capacity of cationic MWNT-NH3(+) to deliver the apoptotic siRNA against PLK1 (siPLK1) in Calu6 tumor xenografts by direct intratumoral injections. A direct comparison with cationic liposomes was made. This study validates the PLK1 gene as a potential target in cancer gene therapy including lung cancer, as demonstrated by the therapeutic efficacy of siPLK1:MWNT-NH3(+) complexes and their ability to significantly improve animal survival. Biological analysis of the siPLK1:MWNT-NH3(+) treated tumors by qRT-PCR and Western blot, in addition to TUNEL staining confirmed the biological functionality of the siRNA intratumorally, suggesting that tumor eradication was due to PLK1 knockdown. Furthermore, by using a fluorescently labeled, noncoding siRNA sequence complexed with MWNT-NH3(+), we established for the first time that the improved therapeutic efficacy observed in f-CNT-based siRNA delivery is directly proportional to the enhanced siRNA retention in the solid tumor and subsequent uptake by tumor cells after local administration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Guo
- †Nanomedicine Lab, UCL School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Wafa T Al-Jamal
- †Nanomedicine Lab, UCL School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Francesca M Toma
- ‡Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alberto Bianco
- §CNRS, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UPR 3572, Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Maurizio Prato
- ‡Center of Excellence for Nanostructured Materials, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Khuloud T Al-Jamal
- †Nanomedicine Lab, UCL School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- †Nanomedicine Lab, UCL School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London, London WC1N 1AX, United Kingdom
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22
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Karimi M, Solati N, Ghasemi A, Estiar MA, Hashemkhani M, Kiani P, Mohamed E, Saeidi A, Taheri M, Avci P, Aref AR, Amiri M, Baniasadi F, Hamblin MR. Carbon nanotubes part II: a remarkable carrier for drug and gene delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1089-105. [PMID: 25613837 PMCID: PMC4475451 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.1004309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have recently been studied as novel and versatile drug and gene delivery vehicles. When CNT are suitably functionalized, they can interact with various cell types and are taken up by endocytosis. AREAS COVERED Anti-cancer drugs cisplatin and doxorubicin have been delivered by CNT, as well as methotrexate, taxol and gemcitabine. The delivery of the antifungal compound amphotericin B and the oral administration of erythropoietin have both been assisted using CNT. Frequently, targeting moieties such as folic acid, epidermal growth factor or various antibodies are attached to the CNT-drug nanovehicle. Different kinds of functionalization (e.g., polycations) have been used to allow CNT to act as gene delivery vectors. Plasmid DNA, small interfering RNA and micro-RNA have all been delivered by CNT vehicles. Significant concerns are raised about the nanotoxicology of the CNT and their potentially damaging effects on the environment. EXPERT OPINION CNT-mediated drug delivery has been studied for over a decade, and both in vitro and in vivo studies have been reported. The future success of CNTs as vectors in vivo and in clinical application will depend on achievement of efficacious therapy with minimal adverse effects and avoidance of possible toxic and environmentally damaging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Karimi
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Department of Nanotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Solati
- Iran University of Science and Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ghasemi
- Sharif University of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Polymeric Materials Research Group, Tehran, 11365-9466, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Asghari Estiar
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Hashemkhani
- Iran University of Science and Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Kiani
- Iran University of Science and Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Mohamed
- Iran University of Science and Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahad Saeidi
- Iran University of Science and Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdiar Taheri
- Iran University of Science and Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pinar Avci
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amir R Aref
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Genetics, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mohammad Amiri
- Sharif University of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Polymeric Materials Research Group, Tehran, 11365-9466, Iran
| | - Fazel Baniasadi
- Sharif University of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Polymeric Materials Research Group, Tehran, 11365-9466, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Messaoudi K, Clavreul A, Lagarce F. Toward an effective strategy in glioblastoma treatment. Part II: RNA interference as a promising way to sensitize glioblastomas to temozolomide. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:772-9. [PMID: 25892456 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a strategy of gene regulation that has opened up many opportunities for the treatment of cancers, especially glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). This strategy reduced the expression of many proteins involved in the resistance of these tumors to anticancer drugs, particularly to temozolomide (TMZ). A significant research effort has gone into RNAi delivery and target selection for clinical application of this new discovery in the treatment of GBMs. However, some limitations must be resolved to enhance the safety of RNAi-based therapeutics and to reduce their immune response. In this review, the mechanism of RNAi will be described. Moreover, the opportunities offered by RNAi strategy to reverse the phenotype of these tumor cells as well as prospects and challenges ahead in the RNAi-based therapy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Messaoudi
- LUNAM Université, Angers, France; Inserm U1066, Micro et Nanomédicines Biomimétiques, IBS, Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Anne Clavreul
- LUNAM Université, Angers, France; Inserm U1066, Micro et Nanomédicines Biomimétiques, IBS, Angers Cedex 9, France
| | - Frédéric Lagarce
- LUNAM Université, Angers, France; Inserm U1066, Micro et Nanomédicines Biomimétiques, IBS, Angers Cedex 9, France; Service Pharmacie, CHU Angers, France.
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24
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Progress in RNAi-mediated Molecular Therapy of Acute and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2015; 4:e240. [DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2015.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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25
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Draz MS, Fang BA, Zhang P, Hu Z, Gu S, Weng KC, Gray JW, Chen FF. Nanoparticle-mediated systemic delivery of siRNA for treatment of cancers and viral infections. Am J Cancer Res 2014; 4:872-92. [PMID: 25057313 PMCID: PMC4107289 DOI: 10.7150/thno.9404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is an endogenous post-transcriptional gene regulatory mechanism, where non-coding, double-stranded RNA molecules interfere with the expression of certain genes in order to silence it. Since its discovery, this phenomenon has evolved as powerful technology to diagnose and treat diseases at cellular and molecular levels. With a lot of attention, short interfering RNA (siRNA) therapeutics has brought a great hope for treatment of various undruggable diseases, including genetic diseases, cancer, and resistant viral infections. However, the challenge of their systemic delivery and on how they are integrated to exhibit the desired properties and functions remains a key bottleneck for realizing its full potential. Nanoparticles are currently well known to exhibit a number of unique properties that could be strategically tailored into new advanced siRNA delivery systems. This review summarizes the various nanoparticulate systems developed so far in the literature for systemic delivery of siRNA, which include silica and silicon-based nanoparticles, metal and metal oxides nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, graphene, dendrimers, polymers, cyclodextrins, lipids, hydrogels, and semiconductor nanocrystals. Challenges and barriers to the delivery of siRNA and the role of different nanoparticles to surmount these challenges are also included in the review.
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Wu L, Wang J, Yin M, Ren J, Miyoshi D, Sugimoto N, Qu X. Reduced graphene oxide upconversion nanoparticle hybrid for electrochemiluminescent sensing of a prognostic indicator in early-stage cancer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:330-336. [PMID: 23913787 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201301273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been proposed as a promising new class of biological luminescent labels because of their weak auto-fluorescence background, strong penetration ability under near-infrared (NIR) radiation, resistance to photobleaching, and low toxicity. Although UCNPs hold great promise in nanotechnology and nanomedicine, their applications in ECL fields still remain unexplored. Herein, a label-free, ultra-sensitive and selective electrochemiluminescence (ECL) assay is developed for detection of cyclin A2 by using highly efficient ECL graphene-upconversion hybrid. Being an important member of the cyclin family, cyclin A2 is involved in the initiation of DNA replication, transcription and cell cycle reg-ulation through the association of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK). Cyclin A2 is a prognostic indicator in early-stage cancers and a target for treatment of different types of cancers. However, the expression level of cyclin A2 is quite low, direct detection of cyclin A2 in crude cancer cell extracts is challenging and important for both clinical diagnosis of cancer in the early stage and the treatment. By chemically grafting cyclin A2 detection specific probe, a PEGlyted hexapeptide, to graphene-upconversion hybrid, the constructed ECL biosensor displays a superior performance for cyclin A2 , which can not only detect cyclin A2 directly in cancer cell extracts, but also discriminate between normal cells and cancer cells. More importantly, the ECL biosensor has different responses between clinical used anticancer drug-treated and non-treated cancer cells, which demonstrates that the sensor can be potentially used for drug screening, and for evaluation of therapeutic treatments in early-stage cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Division of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth, Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of the Chinese, Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China
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27
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Risi G, Bloise N, Merli D, Icaro-Cornaglia A, Profumo A, Fagnoni M, Quartarone E, Imbriani M, Visai L. Invitro study of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with adsorbed mitoxantrone (MTO) as a drug delivery system to treat breast cancer. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02366h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitoxantrone 600 dpi in TIF format)??>(MTO) is a well-known anticancer drug. In order to improve its therapeutic effect, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were studied in vitro as a drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Risi
- Dept. of Chemistry
- University of Pavia
- Italy
- Dept. of Occupational Medicine, Ergonomy and Disability
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology
| | - Nora Bloise
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine
- Center for Tissue Engineering (C.I.T.)
- INSTM UdR of Pavia
- University of Pavia
- Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcello Imbriani
- Dept. of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine
- University of Pavia
- Italy
- Dept. of Occupational Medicine, Ergonomy and Disability
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology
| | - Livia Visai
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine
- Center for Tissue Engineering (C.I.T.)
- INSTM UdR of Pavia
- University of Pavia
- Italy
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28
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Concepts and Methodology of Interaction of Carbon Nanostructures with Cellular Systems. Nanotoxicology 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8993-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bates K, Kostarelos K. Carbon nanotubes as vectors for gene therapy: past achievements, present challenges and future goals. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:2023-33. [PMID: 24184373 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Promising therapeutic and prophylactic effects have been achieved following advances in the gene therapy research arena, giving birth to the new generation of disease-modifying therapeutics. The greatest challenge that gene therapy vectors still face is the ability to deliver sufficient genetic payloads in order to enable efficient gene transfer into target cells. A wide variety of viral and non-viral gene therapy vectors have been developed and explored over the past 10years, including carbon nanotubes. In this review we will address the application of carbon nanotubes as non-viral vectors in gene therapy with the aim to give a perspective on the past achievements, present challenges and future goals. A series of important topics concerning carbon nanotubes as gene therapy vectors will be addressed, including the benefits that carbon nanotubes offer over other non-viral delivery systems. Furthermore, a perspective is given on what the ideal genetic cargo to deliver using carbon nanotubes is and finally the geno-pharmacological impact of carbon nanotube-mediated gene therapy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Bates
- Nanomedicine Lab, Faculty of Medical & Human Sciences and National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, AV Hill Building, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
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Valencia-Serna J, Gul-Uludağ H, Mahdipoor P, Jiang X, Uludağ H. Investigating siRNA delivery to chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells with lipophilic polymers for therapeutic BCR-ABL down-regulation. J Control Release 2013; 172:495-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Apartsin EK, Buyanova MY, Novopashina DS, Ryabchikova EI, Venyaminova AG. Non-Covalent Immobilization of Oligonucleotides on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. SPRINGER PROCEEDINGS IN PHYSICS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-7675-7_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Qiao J, Hong T, Triana TS, Guo H, Chung DH, Xu YQ. Magneto-Fluorescent Carbon Nanotube-Mediated siRNA for Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor Silencing in Neuroblastoma. RSC Adv 2013; 3:4544-4551. [PMID: 25657845 DOI: 10.1039/c3ra23023f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate a newly-developed magneto-fluorescent carbon nanotube (CNT) mediated siRNA (CNT-siRNA) delivery system, which significantly silences our target of interest, gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRP-R), in neuroblastoma. CNT-siGRP-R resulted in a 50% silencing efficiency and a sustained efficacy of 9 days for one-time siRNA treatment in vitro, whereas siRNA delivered by the commercial transfection reagent couldn't knockdown GRP-R expression. We further show that CNT-siRNA efficiently inhibits the growth of subcutaneous xenograft tumors in vivo. This system allows us to track the CNT-siRNA distribution via both near-infrared fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging. Moreover, our delivery system can be used to knockdown GRP-R expression in other cancer cell types, such as human breast cancer cells. The high efficiency and sustained efficacy may indicate that the natural stacking interactions between CNTs and siRNAs can protect siRNAs from degradation and enhance their stability during the delivery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Qiao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Tu Hong
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Taylor S Triana
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Honglian Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
| | - Dai H Chung
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 ; Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Ya-Qiong Xu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235
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Kesharwani P, Gajbhiye V, Jain NK. A review of nanocarriers for the delivery of small interfering RNA. Biomaterials 2012; 33:7138-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Landry B, Aliabadi HM, Samuel A, Gül-Uludağ H, Jiang X, Kutsch O, Uludağ H. Effective non-viral delivery of siRNA to acute myeloid leukemia cells with lipid-substituted polyethylenimines. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44197. [PMID: 22952927 PMCID: PMC3432090 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a promising approach for AML treatment as the siRNA molecule can be designed to specifically target proteins that contribute to aberrant cell proliferation in this disease. However, a clinical-relevant means of delivering siRNA molecules must be developed, as the cellular delivery of siRNA is problematic. Here, we report amphiphilic carriers combining a cationic polymer (2 kDa polyethyleneimine, PEI2) with lipophilic moieties to facilitate intracellular delivery of siRNA to AML cell lines. Complete binding of siRNA by the designed carriers was achieved at a polymer:siRNA ratio of ∼0.5 and led to siRNA/polymer complexes of ∼100 nm size. While the native PEI2 did not display cytotoxicity on AML cell lines THP-1, KG-1 and HL-60, lipid-modification on PEI2 slightly increased the cytotoxicity, which was consistent with increased interaction of polymers with cell membranes. Cellular delivery of siRNA was dependent on the nature of lipid substituent and the extent of lipid substitution, and varied among the three AML cell lines used. Linoleic acid-substituted polymers performed best among the prepared polymers and gave a siRNA delivery equivalent to better performing commercial reagents. Using THP-1 cells and a reporter (GFP) and an endogenous (CXCR4) target, effective silencing of the chosen targets was achieved with 25 to 50 nM of siRNA concentrations, and without adversely affecting subsequent cell growth. We conclude that lipid-substituted PEI2 can serve as an effective delivery of siRNA to leukemic cells and could be employed in molecular therapy of leukemia.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Death
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Down-Regulation/genetics
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Gene Silencing
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- Genes, Reporter
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Indicators and Reagents
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Lipids/chemistry
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Polyethyleneimine/chemistry
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Serum/metabolism
- Temperature
- Trypan Blue
- Viruses/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanne Landry
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hamidreza Montazeri Aliabadi
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anuja Samuel
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hilal Gül-Uludağ
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Terry Fox Laboratories, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Olaf Kutsch
- Centre for AIDS Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Hasan Uludağ
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Geng J, Li M, Wu L, Chen C, Qu X. Mesoporous silica nanoparticle-based H2O2 responsive controlled-release system used for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Adv Healthc Mater 2012. [PMID: 23184750 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Metal ions play important roles in amyloid aggregation and neurotoxicity. Metal-ion chelation therapy has been used in clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment. However, clinical trial studies have shown that long-term use of metal chelator can cause adverse side effect, subacute myelo-optic neuropathy. Nanoparticle engineering processes have become promising approaches for efficiently drugs delivery. A series of modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) using redox, pH, competitive binding, light, and enzyme as actuators have been demonstrated. Recently, significant advances in sensing oxidative stress have been made by taking advantage of specific chemistry between cellular oxidants such as H(2) O(2) . Here we report a biocompatible delivery platform by using H(2) O(2) responsive controlled-release system to realize target delivery of AD therapeutic metal chelator. The advantage of this novel strategy is that metal chelator can only be released by the increased levels of H(2) O(2) , thus, it would not interfere with the healthy metal homeostasis and can overcome strong side effect of metal chelator after long-term use. By taking advantage of the good biocompatibility, cellular uptake properties, and efficient intracellular release of metal chelators, the delivery system is promising for future in vivo controlled-release biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Geng
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Division of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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Feng L, Wu L, Wang J, Ren J, Miyoshi D, Sugimoto N, Qu X. Detection of a prognostic indicator in early-stage cancer using functionalized graphene-based peptide sensors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:125-131. [PMID: 22139890 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201103205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Feng
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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Elhissi AMA, Ahmed W, Hassan IU, Dhanak VR, D'Emanuele A. Carbon nanotubes in cancer therapy and drug delivery. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2011; 2012:837327. [PMID: 22028974 PMCID: PMC3199121 DOI: 10.1155/2012/837327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been introduced recently as a novel carrier system for both small and large therapeutic molecules. CNTs can be functionalized (i.e., surface engineered) with certain functional groups in order to manipulate their physical or biological properties. In addition to the ability of CNTs to act as carriers for a wide range of therapeutic molecules, their large surface area and possibility to manipulate their surfaces and physical dimensions have been exploited for use in the photothermal destruction of cancer cells. This paper paper will discuss the therapeutic applications of CNTs with a major focus on their applications for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelbary M. A. Elhissi
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Bioengineering, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Waqar Ahmed
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Bioengineering, School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
| | - Israr Ul Hassan
- Mathematics and Sciences Unit, College of Art and Applied Sciences, Dhofar University, P.O. Box 2509, 211 Salalah, Oman
| | - Vinod. R. Dhanak
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Antony D'Emanuele
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Bioengineering, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK
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SiRNA delivery with functionalized carbon nanotubes. Int J Pharm 2011; 416:419-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 02/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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40
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Label-free colorimetric and quantitative detection of cancer marker protein using noncrosslinking aggregation of Au/Ag nanoparticles induced by target-specific peptide probe. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 26:4804-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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41
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Sobhani Z, Dinarvand R, Atyabi F, Ghahremani M, Adeli M. Increased paclitaxel cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines using a novel functionalized carbon nanotube. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:705-19. [PMID: 21556345 PMCID: PMC3084317 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s17336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Potential applications of carbon nanotubes have attracted many researchers in the field of drug delivery systems. In this study, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were first functionalized using hyperbranched poly citric acid (PCA) to improve their hydrophilicity and functionality. Then, paclitaxel (PTX), a potent anticancer agent, was conjugated to the carboxyl functional groups of poly citric acid via a cleavable ester bond to obtain a MWNT-g-PCA-PTX conjugate. Drug content of the conjugate was about 38% (w/w). The particle size of MWNT-g-PCA and MWNT-g-PCA-PTX was approximately 125 and 200 nm, respectively. Atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed a curved shape for MWNT-g-PCA and MWNT-g-PCA-PTX, which was in contrast with the straight or linear conformation expected from carbon nanotubes. It seems that the high hydrophilicity of poly citric acid and high hydrophobicity of MWNTs led to conformational changes from a linear state to a curved state. Paclitaxel can be released from the MWNT-g-PCA-PTX conjugates faster at pH 6.8 and 5.0 than at pH 7.4, which was suitable for the release of the drug in tumor tissues and tumor cells. In vitro cytotoxicity studies were evaluated in the A549 and SKOV3 cell lines. MWNT-g-PCA had an insignificant cytotoxic effect on both cell lines. MWNT-g-PCA-PTX had more of a cytotoxic effect than the free drug over a shorter incubation time (eg, 24 hours versus 48 hours), which suggests improved cell penetration of MWNT-g-PCA-PTX. Therefore, paclitaxel conjugated to MWNT-g-PCA is promising for cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Sobhani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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42
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Beg S, Rizwan M, Sheikh AM, Hasnain MS, Anwer K, Kohli K. Advancement in carbon nanotubes: basics, biomedical applications and toxicity. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 63:141-63. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2010.01167.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted much attention by researchers worldwide in recent years for their small dimensions and unique architecture, and for having immense potential in nanomedicine as biocompatible and supportive substrates, as a novel tool for the delivery of therapeutic molecules including peptides, RNA and DNA, and also as sensors, actuators and composites.
Key findings
CNTs have been employed in the development of molecular electronic, composite materials and others due to their unique atomic structure, high surface area-to-volume ratio and excellent electronic, mechanical and thermal properties. Recently they have been exploited as novel nanocarriers in drug delivery systems and biomedical applications. Their larger inner volume as compared with the dimensions of the tube and easy immobilization of their outer surface with biocompatible materials make CNTs a superior nanomaterial for drug delivery. Literature reveals that CNTs are versatile carriers for controlled and targeted drug delivery, especially for cancer cells, because of their cell membrane penetrability.
Summary
This review enlightens the biomedical application of CNTs with special emphasis on utilization in controlled and targeted drug delivery, as a diagnostics tool and other possible uses in therapeutic systems. The review also focuses on the toxicity aspects of CNTs, and revealed that genotoxic potential, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects of different types of CNTs must be explored and overcome by formulating safe biomaterial for drug delivery. The review also describes the regulatory aspects and clinical and market status of CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarwar Beg
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Rizwan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Asif M Sheikh
- Formulation Research, Wockhardt Research Center, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | - M Saquib Hasnain
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Khalid Anwer
- King Saud University, Al-Kharj, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kanchan Kohli
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a post-transcriptional gene-silencing mechanism that involves the degradation of messenger RNA in a highly sequence-specific manner. Double-stranded small interfering RNA (siRNA), consisting of 21-25 nucleotides, can induce RNAi and inhibit the expression of target proteins. Therefore, siRNA is considered a promising therapeutic for treatment of a variety of diseases, including genetic and viral diseases, and cancer. Clinical trials of siRNA are ongoing or have been planned, although some issues need to be addressed. For example, cellular uptake of naked siRNA is extremely low due to its polyanionic nature. Furthermore, siRNA is easily degraded by enzymes in blood, tissues, and cells. Several types of chemically modified siRNA have been produced and investigated to improve stability; these have involved modification of the siRNA backbone, the sugar moiety, and the nucleotide bases of antisense and/or sense strands. Because the accumulation at the target site after administration is extremely low, even if stability is improved, an effective delivery system is required to induce RNAi at the site of action. Delivery strategies can be categorized into physical methods, conjugation methods, and drug delivery system carrier-mediated methods. Physical techniques can enhance siRNA uptake at a specific tissue site using electroporation, pressure, mechanical massage, etc. Terminal modification of siRNAs can enhance their resistance to degradation by exonucleases in serum and tissue. Moreover, modification with a suitable ligand can achieve targeted delivery. Several types of carrier for drug delivery have been developed for siRNA in addition to traditional cationic liposome and cationic polymer systems. Ultrasound and microbubbles or liposomal bubbles have also been used in combination with a carrier for siRNA delivery. New materials with unique characteristics such as carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles, and gold nanorods have attracted attention as innovative carriers for siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Higuchi
- Institute for Innovative NanoBio Drug Discovery and Development, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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Al‐Jamal KT, Toma FM, Yilmazer A, Ali‐Boucetta H, Nunes A, Herrero M, Tian B, Eddaoudi A, Al‐Jamal W, Bianco A, Prato M, Kostarelos K. Enhanced cellular internalization and gene silencing with a series of cationic dendron‐multiwalled carbon nanotube:siRNA complexes. FASEB J 2010; 24:4354-65. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-141036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khuloud T. Al‐Jamal
- Nanomedicine LaboratoryCentre for Drug Delivery ResearchSchool of PharmacyUniversity of London London UK
| | - Francesca M. Toma
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured MaterialsDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Trieste Trieste Italy
| | - Acelya Yilmazer
- Nanomedicine LaboratoryCentre for Drug Delivery ResearchSchool of PharmacyUniversity of London London UK
| | - Hanene Ali‐Boucetta
- Nanomedicine LaboratoryCentre for Drug Delivery ResearchSchool of PharmacyUniversity of London London UK
| | - Antonio Nunes
- Nanomedicine LaboratoryCentre for Drug Delivery ResearchSchool of PharmacyUniversity of London London UK
| | - Maria‐Antonia Herrero
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured MaterialsDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Trieste Trieste Italy
- Departamento de Química OrgánicaFacultad de QuímicaUniversidad de Castilla‐La Mancha Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Bowen Tian
- Nanomedicine LaboratoryCentre for Drug Delivery ResearchSchool of PharmacyUniversity of London London UK
| | - Ayad Eddaoudi
- Flow Cytometry Core FacilityUniversity College LondonInstitute of Child Health London UK
| | - Wafa'T. Al‐Jamal
- Nanomedicine LaboratoryCentre for Drug Delivery ResearchSchool of PharmacyUniversity of London London UK
| | - Alberto Bianco
- Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueInstitut de Biologie Moleculaire et CellulaireUPR 9021 Immunologie et Chimie Thérapeutiques Strasbourg France
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Center of Excellence for Nanostructured MaterialsDepartment of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Trieste Trieste Italy
| | - Kostas Kostarelos
- Nanomedicine LaboratoryCentre for Drug Delivery ResearchSchool of PharmacyUniversity of London London UK
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Song Y, Wang X, Zhao C, Qu K, Ren J, Qu X. Label-free colorimetric detection of single nucleotide polymorphism by using single-walled carbon nanotube intrinsic peroxidase-like activity. Chemistry 2010; 16:3617-21. [PMID: 20191629 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Song
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Division of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, China
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McCarroll J, Baigude H, Yang CS, Rana TM. Nanotubes functionalized with lipids and natural amino acid dendrimers: a new strategy to create nanomaterials for delivering systemic RNAi. Bioconjug Chem 2010; 21:56-63. [PMID: 19957956 DOI: 10.1021/bc900296z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) have unique electronic, mechanical, and structural properties as well as chemical stability that make them ideal nanomaterials for applications in materials science and medicine. Here, we report the design and creation of a novel strategy for functionalizing SWNT to systemically silence a target gene in mice by delivering siRNA at doses of <1 mg/kg. SWNT were functionalized with lipids and natural amino acid-based dendrimers (TOT) and complexed to siRNA. Our model study of the silencing efficiency of the TOT-siRNA complex showed that, in mice injected at 0.96 mg/kg, an endogenous gene for apoliproprotein B (ApoB) was silenced in liver, plasma levels of ApoB decreased, and total plasma cholesterol decreased. TOT-siRNA treatment was nontoxic and did not induce an immune response. Most (80%) of the RNA trigger molecules assembled with TOT were cleared from the body 48 h after injection, suggesting that the nanotubes did not cause siRNA aggregation or inhibit biodegradation and drug clearance in vivo. These results provide the first evidence that nanotubes can be functionalized with lipids and amino acids to systemically deliver siRNA. This new technology not only can be used for systemic RNAi, but may also be used to deliver other drugs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua McCarroll
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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Cheung W, Pontoriero F, Taratula O, Chen AM, He H. DNA and carbon nanotubes as medicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2010; 62:633-49. [PMID: 20338203 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The identification of disease-related genes and their complete nucleotide sequence through the human genome project provides us with a remarkable opportunity to combat a large number of diseases with designed genes as medicine. However, gene therapy relies on the efficient and nontoxic transport of therapeutic genetic medicine through the cell membranes, and this process is very inefficient. Carbon nanotubes, due to their large surface areas, unique surface properties, and needle-like shape, can deliver a large amount of therapeutic agents, including DNA and siRNAs, to the target disease sites. In addition, due to their unparalleled optical and electrical properties, carbon nanotubes can deliver DNA/siRNA not only into cells, which include difficult transfecting primary-immune cells and bacteria, they can also lead to controlled release of DNA/siRNA for targeted gene therapy. Furthermore, due to their wire shaped structure with a diameter matching with that of DNA/siRNA and their remarkable flexibility, carbon nanotubes can impact on the conformational structure and the transient conformational change of DNA/RNA, which can further enhance the therapeutic effects of DNA/siRNA. Synergistic combination of the multiple capabilities of carbon nanotubes to deliver DNA/siRNAs will lead to the development of powerful multifunctional nanomedicine to treat cancer or other difficult diseases. In this review, we summarized the current studies in using CNT as unique vehicles in the field of gene therapy.
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Li R, Wu R, Zhao L, Wu M, Yang L, Zou H. P-glycoprotein antibody functionalized carbon nanotube overcomes the multidrug resistance of human leukemia cells. ACS NANO 2010; 4:1399-1408. [PMID: 20148593 DOI: 10.1021/nn9011225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR), which is related to cancer chemotherapy, tumor stem cells, and tumor metastasis, is a huge obstacle for the effective cancer therapy. One of the underlying mechanisms of MDR is the increased efflux of anticancer drugs by overexpressed P-glycoprotein (P-gp) of multidrug resistant cells. In this work, the antibody of P-gp (anti-P-gp) functionalized water-soluble single-walled carbon nanotubes (Ap-SWNTs) loaded with doxorubicin (Dox), Dox/Ap-SWNTs, were synthesized for challenging the MDR of K562 human leukemia cells. The resulting Ap-SWNTs could not only specifically recognize the multidrug resistant human leukemia cells (K562R), but also demonstrate the effective loading and controllable release performance for Dox toward the target K562R cells by exposing to near-infrared radiation (NIR). The recognition capability of Ap-SWNTs toward the K562R cells was confirmed by flow cytometry (FCM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The binding affinity of Ap-SWNTs toward drug-resistant K562R cells was ca. 23-fold higher than that toward drug-sensitive K562S cells. Additionally, CLSM indicated that Ap-SWNTs could specifically localize on the cell membrane of K562R cells and the fluorescence of Dox in K562R cells could be significantly enhanced after the employment of Ap-SWNTs as carrier. Moreover, the composite of Dox and Ap-SWNTs (Dox/Ap-SWNTs) expressed 2.4-fold higher cytotoxicity and showed the significant cell proliferation suppression toward K562R leukemia cells (p < 0.05) as compared with free Dox which is popularly employed in clinic trials. These results suggest that the Ap-SWNTs are the promising drug delivery vehicle for overcoming the MDR induced by the overexpression of P-gp on cell membrane. Ap-SWNTs loaded with drug molecules could be used to suppress the proliferation of multidrug resistant cells, destroy the tumor stem cells, and inhibit the metastasis of tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Li
- National Chromatographic R&A Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry,Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China
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50
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Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes for Probing and Modulating Molecular Functions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 17:107-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/31/2009] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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