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Yun J, Woo HT, Lee S, Cha HJ. Visible light-induced simultaneous bioactive amorphous calcium phosphate mineralization and in situ crosslinking of coacervate-based injectable underwater adhesive hydrogels for enhanced bone regeneration. Biomaterials 2024; 315:122948. [PMID: 39522352 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 10/20/2024] [Accepted: 11/05/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
The field of bone tissue engineering is vital due to increasing bone disorders and limitations of traditional grafts. Injectable hydrogels offer minimally invasive solutions but often lack mechanical integrity and biological functionality, including osteoinductive capacity and structural stability under physiological conditions. To address these issues, we propose a coacervate-based injectable adhesive hydrogel that utilizes the dual functionality of in situ photocrosslinking and osteoinductive amorphous calcium phosphate formation, both of which are activated simultaneously by visible light irradiation. The developed hydrogel formulation integrated a photoreactive agent with calcium ions and phosphonodiol in a matrix of tyramine-conjugated alginate and RGD peptide-fused bioengineered mussel adhesive protein, promoting rapid setting, robust underwater adhesion, and bioactive mineral deposition. The hydrogel also exhibited superior mechanical properties, including enhanced underwater tissue adhesive strength and compressive resistance. In vivo evaluation using a rat femoral tunnel defect model confirmed the efficacy of the developed adhesive hydrogel in facilitating easy application to irregularly shaped defects through injection, rapid bone regeneration without the addition of bone grafts, and integration within the defect sites. This injectable adhesive hydrogel system holds significant potential for advancing bone tissue engineering, providing a versatile, efficient, and biologically favorable alternative to conventional bone repair methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Yun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Tack Woo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Cha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea; Medical Science and Engineering, School of Convergence Science and Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Martins PHR, Romo AIB, Gouveia FS, Paz IA, Nascimento NRF, Andrade AL, Rodríguez-López J, de Vasconcelos MA, Teixeira EH, Moraes CAF, Lopes LGF, Sousa EHSD. Anti-bacterial, anti-biofilm and synergistic effects of phenazine-based ruthenium(II) complexes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:12627-12640. [PMID: 39011568 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01033g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has become a global threat to human health, which is coupled with the lack of novel drugs. Metallocompounds have emerged as promising diverse scaffolds for the development of new antibiotics. Herein, we prepared some metal compounds mainly focusing on cis-[Ru(bpy)(dppz)(SO3)(NO)](PF6) (PR02, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, dppz = dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine), in which phenazinic and nitric oxide ligands along with sulfite conferred some key properties. This compound exhibited a redox potential for bound NO+/0 of -0.252 V (vs. Ag|AgCl) and a high pH for nitrosyl-nitro conversion of 9.16, making the nitrosyl ligand the major species. These compounds were still able to bind to DNA structures. Interestingly, reduced glutathione (GSH) was unable to promote significant NO/HNO release, an uncommon feature of many similar systems. However, this reducing agent was essential to generate superoxide radicals. Antimicrobial studies were carried out using six bacterial strains, where none or very low activity was observed for Gram-negative bacteria. However, PR02 and PR (cis-[Ru(bpy)(dppz)Cl2]) showed high antibacterial activity in some Gram-positive strains (MBC for S. aureus up to 4.9 μmol L-1), where the activity of PR02 was similar to or at least 4-fold better than that of PR. Besides, PR02 showed capacity to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation, a major health issue leading to bacterial tolerance to antibiotics. Interestingly, we also showed that PR02 can function in synergism with the known antibiotic ampicillin, improving their action up to 4-fold even against resistant strains. Altogether, these results showed that PR02 is a promising antimicrobial nitrosyl ruthenium compound combining features beyond its killing action, which deserves further biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia H R Martins
- Bioinorganic Group, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60451-970, Brazil.
| | - Adolfo I B Romo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Florêncio S Gouveia
- Bioinorganic Group, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60451-970, Brazil.
| | - Iury A Paz
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Renal Physiology and Pharmacology (LAFCAR), State University of Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, 60714-903, Brazil
| | - Nilberto R F Nascimento
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Renal Physiology and Pharmacology (LAFCAR), State University of Ceará (UECE), Fortaleza, 60714-903, Brazil
| | - Alexandre L Andrade
- Biomolecule Integrated Laboratory (LIBS), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60451-970, Brazil
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-López
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Mayron A de Vasconcelos
- Faculty of Education of Itapipoca (FACEDI), State University of Ceará, Itapipoca (UECE), Ceará, 62500-000, Brazil
| | - Edson Holanda Teixeira
- Biomolecule Integrated Laboratory (LIBS), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60451-970, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz G F Lopes
- Bioinorganic Group, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60451-970, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Henrique Silva de Sousa
- Bioinorganic Group, Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, 60451-970, Brazil.
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3
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Singh Z, Chiong JD, Kamal S, Majewski MB. Effects of increasing ligand conjugation in Cu(I) photosensitizers on NiO semiconductor surfaces. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6367-6376. [PMID: 38497406 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03890d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized photoelectrodes may be used as heterogeneous components for fuel-forming reactions in photoelectrochemical cells. There has been increasing interest in developing Earth-abundant cheaper photosensitizers based on first-row transition metals. We describe here the synthesis, characterization, and study of the ground and excited state properties of three Cu(I) complexes bearing ligands with varying electron-accepting capacities and conjugation that may act as photosensitizers for wide bandgap semiconductors. Femtosecond transient absorption studies indicate that the nature of the final excited state is dictated by the extent of conjugation in the electron-accepting ligand, where shorter conjugation leads to the formation of a singly reduced ligand and longer conjugation leads to the formation of a ligand-centered final excited state. These complexes were surface anchored onto nanostructured NiO on conductive fluorine-doped tin oxide glass to fabricate photocathodes. It was found that even though the ligands with increasing conjugation have an effect on the formation of the final excited state in solution, all complexes exhibit similar photocurrents upon white light illumination, suggesting that charge transfer to NiO happens in advance of the formation of the final excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zujhar Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4B 1R6.
| | - Joseph D Chiong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4B 1R6.
| | - Saeid Kamal
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Advanced Spectroscopy and Imaging Research (LASIR), The University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Marek B Majewski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4B 1R6.
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4
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Huynh M, Vinck R, Gibert B, Gasser G. Strategies for the Nuclear Delivery of Metal Complexes to Cancer Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311437. [PMID: 38174785 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The nucleus is an essential organelle for the function of cells. It holds most of the genetic material and plays a crucial role in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation. Since many antitumoral therapies target nucleic acids to induce cell death, tumor-specific nuclear drug delivery could potentiate therapeutic effects and prevent potential off-target side effects on healthy tissue. Due to their great structural variety, good biocompatibility, and unique physico-chemical properties, organometallic complexes and other metal-based compounds have sparked great interest as promising anticancer agents. In this review, strategies for specific nuclear delivery of metal complexes are summarized and discussed to highlight crucial parameters to consider for the design of new metal complexes as anticancer drug candidates. Moreover, the existing opportunities and challenges of tumor-specific, nucleus-targeting metal complexes are emphasized to outline some new perspectives and help in the design of new cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Huynh
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry of Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemistry, Paris, F-75005, France
- Gastroenterology and technologies for Health, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS5286, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Robin Vinck
- Orano, 125 avenue de Paris, Châtillon, 92320, France
| | - Benjamin Gibert
- Gastroenterology and technologies for Health, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS5286, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry of Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemistry, Paris, F-75005, France
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5
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Girnt P, Molina-Aguirre G, Gomez Bustos D, Sandoval Pauker C, Vuković L, Pinter B. Fusion Position-Dependent Aromatic Transitions of Ligand Backbone Rings for Controlling the Redox Energetics of Photoredox Catalysts. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:2586-2596. [PMID: 38251823 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
To reveal, quantify, and rationalize the effect of backbone π-extension on ligand redox activity, we studied the ground- and excited-state reduction potentials of eight ruthenium photoredox catalysts with the formula Ru(ppy)2L (L is the redox-active ligand of the bipyridine family) using density functional theory. Our research underlines the profound importance of the fusion position of backbone aromatic C6 rings on the redox activity of ligands in transition metal photoredox catalysts. Namely, certain fusion positions lead to the dearomatization of C6 rings in ligand-centered electron transfer events, resulting in a thermodynamic penalty equivalent to a half-volt negative shift in the reduction potential. Contrarily, the extent of backbone delocalization shows a minimal impact on redox energetics, which can be explained by the charge concentration at the nitrogen contact atoms in ligand-centered reductions. Grounded in Caulton's conceptual framework, we reaffirm the predictive potency of Lewis structures in ligand-centered redox energetics with qualitative and quantitative data. Our hypothesis regarding the effect of backbone ring dearomatization on redox energetics is further corroborated using magnetic and structure-based aromaticity indicators. Highlighting fusion-dependent dearomatization as a determining factor of ligand-centered electron transfer energetics, our findings hold implications for molecular-level design in advanced electroactive materials and catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Girnt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Gabriela Molina-Aguirre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Daniel Gomez Bustos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Christian Sandoval Pauker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Lela Vuković
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
| | - Balazs Pinter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, United States
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6
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Pozza MD, Mesdom P, Abdullrahman A, Prieto Otoya TD, Arnoux P, Frochot C, Niogret G, Saubaméa B, Burckel P, Hall JP, Hollenstein M, Cardin CJ, Gasser G. Increasing the π-Expansive Ligands in Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation for Photodynamic Therapy Applications. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18510-18523. [PMID: 37913550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Lack of selectivity is one of the main issues with currently used chemotherapies, causing damage not only to altered cells but also to healthy cells. Over the last decades, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has increased as a promising therapeutic tool due to its potential to treat diseases like cancer or bacterial infections with a high spatiotemporal control. Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl compounds are gaining attention for their application as photosensitizers (PSs) since they are generally nontoxic in dark conditions, while they show remarkable toxicity after light irradiation. In this work, four Ru(II) polypyridyl compounds with sterically expansive ligands were studied as PDT agents. The Ru(II) complexes were synthesized using an alternative route to those described in the literature, which resulted in an improvement of the synthesis yields. Solid-state structures of compounds [Ru(DIP)2phen]Cl2 and [Ru(dppz)2phen](PF6)2 have also been obtained. It is well-known that compound [Ru(dppz)(phen)2]Cl2 binds to DNA by intercalation. Therefore, we used [Ru(dppz)2phen]Cl2 as a model for DNA interaction studies, showing that it stabilized two different sequences of duplex DNA. Most of the synthesized Ru(II) derivatives showed very promising singlet oxygen quantum yields, together with noteworthy photocytotoxic properties against two different cancer cell lines, with IC50 in the micro- or even nanomolar range (0.06-7 μM). Confocal microscopy studies showed that [Ru(DIP)2phen]Cl2 and [Ru(DIP)2TAP]Cl2 accumulate preferentially in mitochondria, while no mitochondrial internalization was observed for the other compounds. Although [Ru(dppn)2phen](PF6)2 did not accumulate in mitochondria, it interestingly triggered an impairment in mitochondrial respiration after light irradiation. Among others, [Ru(dppn)2phen](PF6)2 stands out for its very good IC50 values, correlated with a very high singlet oxygen quantum yield and mitochondrial respiration disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dalla Pozza
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health, Paris 75005, France
| | - Pierre Mesdom
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health, Paris 75005, France
| | - Ahmad Abdullrahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Chemistry and Pharmacy Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AD, U.K
| | | | | | - Céline Frochot
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LRGP, Nancy F-54000, France
| | - Germain Niogret
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Departement of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, Paris 75015, France
| | - Bruno Saubaméa
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CNRS, P-MIM, Plateforme d'Imagerie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (PICMO), Paris F-75006, France
| | - Pierre Burckel
- Université de Paris, Institut de physique du globe de Paris, CNRS, Paris F-75005, France
| | - James P Hall
- Department of Pharmacy, Chemistry and Pharmacy Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights Campus, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Marcel Hollenstein
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR3523, Departement of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, Paris 75015, France
| | - Christine J Cardin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, U.K
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health, Paris 75005, France
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7
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Reardon MM, Guerrero M, Alatrash N, MacDonnell FM. Exploration of the Pharmacophore for Cytoskeletal Targeting Ruthenium Polypyridyl Complexes. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300347. [PMID: 37574460 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium(II) trisdiimine complexes of the formula, [Ru(dip)n (L-L)3-n ]2+ , where n=0-3; dip=4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline; L-L=2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) were prepared and tested for cytotoxicity in two cell lines (H358, MCF7). Cellular uptake and subcellular localization were determined by harvesting treated cells and determining the ruthenium concentration in whole or fractionated cells (cytosolic, nuclear, mitochondrial/ ER/Golgi, and cytoskeletal proteins) by Ru ICP-MS. The logP values for the chloride salts of these complexes were measured and the data were analyzed to determine the role of lipophilicity versus structure in the various biological assays. Cellular uptake increased with lipophilicity but shows the biggest jump when the complex contains two or more dip ligands. Significantly, preferential cytoskeletal localization is also correlated with increased cytotoxicity. All of the RPCs promote tubulin polymerization in vitro, but [Ru(dip)2 phen]2+ and [Ru(dip)3 ]2+ show the strongest activity. Analysis of the pellet formed by centrifugation of MTs formed in the presence of [Ru(dip)2 phen]2+ establish a binding stoichiometry of one RPC per tubulin heterodimer. Complexes of the general formula [Ru(dip)2 (L-L)]2+ possess the necessary characteristics to target the cytoskeleton in live cells and increase cytotoxicity, however the nature of the L-L ligand does influence the extent of the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Reardon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX, 76109, USA
| | - Matthew Guerrero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX, 76109, USA
| | - Nagham Alatrash
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX, 76109, USA
| | - Frederick M MacDonnell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, 700 Planetarium Place, Arlington, TX, 76109, USA
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8
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Nyong-Bassey EE, Hicks AL, Bergin P, Tuite EM, Kozhevnikov V, Veuger S. Effect of cyclic substituents on the anti-cancer activity and DNA interaction of ruthenium(II) bis-phenanthroline dipyridoquinoline. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1252285. [PMID: 37920709 PMCID: PMC10619691 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1252285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Ruthenium(II) complexes have emerged recently as candidates for anti-cancer therapy, where activity is related to lipohilicity, cellular localization, and specific interactions with biomolecules. Methods: In this work, two novel complexes were synthesized and are reported based on the [Ru(phen)2(dipyrido[3,2-f:2',3'-h]quinoxaline]2+ framework. Results: Compared to the parent complex, annealing of cyclopenteno and cyclohexeno rings to the extended ligand substantially increased cytotoxicity towards a number of cancer cell lines, and induced apoptosis. The complexes localize in the nuclei of cancer cells and co-locate with DAPI on DNA. DNA binding studies show that both complexes bind strongly to DNA and one complex intercalates DNA like the parent, whilst the other appears to have multiple modes of interaction. Discussion: It is likely that the increased lipophilicity of the novel complexes is a key factor for increasing their cytotoxicity, rather than their DNA binding mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etubonesi E. Nyong-Bassey
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew L. Hicks
- School of Natural and Environmental Science–Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Poppy Bergin
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Eimer M. Tuite
- School of Natural and Environmental Science–Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Valery Kozhevnikov
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Stephany Veuger
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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9
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Kang Y, Zhao Y, Wei Y, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Luo Q, Du J, Wang F. Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes with visible light-enhanced anticancer activity and multimodal cell imaging. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12478-12489. [PMID: 37602756 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01661g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes have drawn growing attention due to their photophysical properties and anticancer activity. Herein we report four ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes [(N^N)2RuII(L)]2+ (1-4, L = 4-anilinoquinazoline derivatives, N^N = bidentate ligands with bis-nitrogen donors) as multi-functional anticancer agents. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in a broad range of cancer cells and related to many kinds of malignance. EGFR inhibitors, such as gefitinib and erlotinib, have been approved as clinical anticancer drugs. The EGFR-inhibiting 4-anilinoquinazoline ligands greatly enhanced the in vitro anticancer activity of these ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes against a series of human cancer cell lines compared to [Ru(bpy)2(phen)], but interestingly, these complexes were actually not potent EGFR inhibitors. Further mechanism studies revealed that upon irradiation with visible light, complexes 3 and 4 generated a high level of singlet oxygen (1O2), and their in vitro anticancer activities against human non-small-cell lung (A549), cervical (HeLa) and squamous (A431) cancer cells were significantly improved. Specifically, complex 3 displayed potent phototoxicity upon irradiation with blue light, of which the photo-toxicity indexes (PIs) against HeLa and A431 cells were 11 and 8.3, respectively. These complexes exhibited strong fluorescence emission at ca. 600 nm upon excitation at about 450 nm. A subcellular distribution study by fluorescence microscopy imaging and secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging (ToF-SIMS) demonstrated that complex 3 mainly localized at the cytoplasm and complex 4 mainly localized in the nuclei of cells. Competitive binding with ctDNA showed that complex 4 was more favorable to bind to the DNA minor groove than complex 3. These differences support that complex 3 possibly exerts its anticancer activities majorly by photo-induced 1O2 generation and complex 4 by binding to DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Kang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, the Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China.
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, the Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoying Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qun Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jun Du
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, the Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecular-Based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China.
| | - Fuyi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems; National Centre for Mass Spectrometry in Beijing; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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10
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Yusoh NA, Tiley PR, James SD, Harun SN, Thomas JA, Saad N, Hii LW, Chia SL, Gill MR, Ahmad H. Discovery of Ruthenium(II) Metallocompound and Olaparib Synergy for Cancer Combination Therapy. J Med Chem 2023; 66:6922-6937. [PMID: 37185020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Synergistic drug combinations can extend the use of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) such as Olaparib to BRCA-proficient tumors and overcome acquired or de novo drug resistance. To identify new synergistic combinations for PARPi, we screened a "micro-library" comprising a mix of commercially available drugs and DNA-binding ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes (RPCs) for Olaparib synergy in BRCA-proficient triple-negative breast cancer cells. This identified three hits: the natural product Curcumin and two ruthenium(II)-rhenium(I) polypyridyl metallomacrocycles. All combinations identified were effective in BRCA-proficient breast cancer cells, including an Olaparib-resistant cell line, and spheroid models. Mechanistic studies indicated that synergy was achieved via DNA-damage enhancement and resultant apoptosis. Combinations showed low cytotoxicity toward non-malignant breast epithelial cells and low acute and developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos. This work identifies RPC metallomacrocycles as a novel class of agents for cancer combination therapy and provides a proof of concept for the inclusion of metallocompounds within drug synergy screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Aininie Yusoh
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Paul R Tiley
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K
| | - Steffan D James
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K
| | - Siti Norain Harun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jim A Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Norazalina Saad
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ling-Wei Hii
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), Institute for Research, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Suet Lin Chia
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Martin R Gill
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K
| | - Haslina Ahmad
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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11
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Elgar C, Yusoh NA, Tiley PR, Kolozsvári N, Bennett LG, Gamble A, Péan EV, Davies ML, Staples CJ, Ahmad H, Gill MR. Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complexes as FRET Donors: Structure- and Sequence-Selective DNA-Binding and Anticancer Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1236-1246. [PMID: 36607895 PMCID: PMC9853847 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes (RPCs) that emit from metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) states have been developed as DNA probes and are being examined as potential anticancer agents. Here, we report that MLCT-emissive RPCs that bind DNA undergo Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) with Cy5.5-labeled DNA, forming mega-Stokes shift FRET pairs. Based on this discovery, we developed a simple and rapid FRET binding assay to examine DNA-binding interactions of RPCs with diverse photophysical properties, including non-"light switch" complexes [Ru(dppz)2(5,5'dmb)]2+ and [Ru(PIP)2(5,5'dmb)]2+ (dppz = dipyridophenazine, 5,5'dmb = 5,5'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, PIP = 2-phenyl-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline). Binding affinities toward duplex, G-quadruplex, three-way junction, and mismatch DNA were determined, and derived FRET donor-acceptor proximities provide information on potential binding sites. Molecules characterized by this method demonstrate encouraging anticancer properties, including synergy with the PARP inhibitor Olaparib, and mechanistic studies indicate that [Ru(PIP)2(5,5'dmb)]2+ acts to block DNA replication fork progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher
E. Elgar
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K.
| | - Nur Aininie Yusoh
- UPM-MAKNA
Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Paul R. Tiley
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K.
| | - Natália Kolozsvári
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K.
| | - Laura G. Bennett
- North
West Cancer Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2DG, U.K.
| | - Amelia Gamble
- North
West Cancer Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2DG, U.K.
| | - Emmanuel V. Péan
- SPECIFIC
IKC, Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K.
| | - Matthew L. Davies
- SPECIFIC
IKC, Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K.
| | - Christopher J. Staples
- North
West Cancer Research Institute, School of Medical Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2DG, U.K.
| | - Haslina Ahmad
- UPM-MAKNA
Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia,Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti
Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Martin R. Gill
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, U.K.,
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12
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Kwak J, Woo J, Park S, Lim MH. Rational design of photoactivatable metal complexes to target and modulate amyloid-β peptides. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 238:112053. [PMID: 36347209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates is found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. Thus, numerous efforts have been made to develop chemical reagents capable of targeting Aβ peptides and controlling their aggregation. In particular, tunable coordination and photophysical properties of transition metal complexes, with variable oxidation and spin states on the metal centers, can be utilized to probe Aβ aggregates and alter their aggregation profiles. In this review, we illustrate some rational strategies for designing photoactivatable metal complexes as chemical sensors for Aβ peptides or modulators against their aggregation pathways, with some examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Kwak
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyeok Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongmin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Khan T, Raza S, Lawrence AJ. Medicinal Utility of Thiosemicarbazones with Special Reference to Mixed Ligand and Mixed Metal Complexes: A Review. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328422600280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Munegowda MA, Manalac A, Weersink M, Cole HD, McFarland SA, Lilge L. Ru(II) CONTAINING PHOTOSENSITIZERS FOR PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY: A CRITIQUE ON REPORTING AND AN ATTEMPT TO COMPARE EFFICACY. Coord Chem Rev 2022; 470:214712. [PMID: 36686369 PMCID: PMC9850455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ruthenium(II)-based coordination complexes have emerged as photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT) in oncology as well as antimicrobial indications and have great potential. Their modular architectures that integrate multiple ligands can be exploited to tune cellular uptake and subcellular targeting, solubility, light absorption, and other photophysical properties. A wide range of Ru(II) containing compounds have been reported as PSs for PDT or as photochemotherapy (PCT) agents. Many studies employ a common scaffold that is subject to systematic variation in one or two ligands to elucidate the impact of these modifications on the photophysical and photobiological performance. Studies that probe the excited state energies and dynamics within these molecules are of fundamental interest and are used to design next-generation systems. However, a comparison of the PDT efficacy between Ru(II) containing PSs and 1st or 2nd generation PSs, already in clinical use or preclinical/clinical studies, is rare. Even comparisons between Ru(II) containing molecular structures are difficult, given the wide range of excitation wavelengths, power densities, and cell lines utilized. Despite this gap, PDT dose metrics quantifying a PS's efficacy are available to perform qualitative comparisons. Such models are independent of excitation wavelength and are based on common outcome parameters, such as the photon density absorbed by the Ru(II) compound to cause 50% cell kill (LD50) based on the previously established threshold model. In this focused photophysical review, we identified all published studies on Ru(II) containing PSs since 2005 that reported the required photophysical, light treatment, and in vitro outcome data to permit the application of the Photodynamic Threshold Model to quantify their potential efficacy. The resulting LD50 values range from less than 1013 to above 1020 [hν cm-3], indicating a wide range in PDT efficacy and required optical energy density for ultimate clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angelica Manalac
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dept Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada
| | - Madrigal Weersink
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Houston D. Cole
- Dept of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas
at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Sherri A. McFarland
- Dept of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas
at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Lothar Lilge
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dept Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada
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15
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Shutkov IA, Okulova YN, Tyurin VY, Sokolova EV, Babkov DA, Spasov AA, Gracheva YA, Schmidt C, Kirsanov KI, Shtil AA, Redkozubova OM, Shevtsova EF, Milaeva ER, Ott I, Nazarov AA. Ru(III) Complexes with Lonidamine-Modified Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413468. [PMID: 34948263 PMCID: PMC8707700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of bifunctional Ru(III) complexes with lonidamine-modified ligands (lonidamine is a selective inhibitor of aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells) was described. Redox properties of Ru(III) complexes were characterized by cyclic voltammetry. An easy reduction suggested a perspective for these agents as their whole mechanism of action seems to be based on activation by metal atom reduction. New compounds demonstrated a more pronounced antiproliferative potency than the parental drug; individual new agents were more cytotoxic than cisplatin. Stability studies showed an increase in the stability of complexes along with the linker length. A similar trend was noted for antiproliferative activity, cellular uptake, apoptosis induction, and thioredoxin reductase inhibition. Finally, at concentrations that did not alter water solubility, the selected new complex evoked no acute toxicity in Balb/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya A. Shutkov
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Fine Organic Synthesis, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.S.); (Y.N.O.); (V.Y.T.); (Y.A.G.); (E.R.M.)
| | - Yulia N. Okulova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Fine Organic Synthesis, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.S.); (Y.N.O.); (V.Y.T.); (Y.A.G.); (E.R.M.)
| | - Vladimir Yu. Tyurin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Fine Organic Synthesis, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.S.); (Y.N.O.); (V.Y.T.); (Y.A.G.); (E.R.M.)
| | - Elena V. Sokolova
- Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, 39 Novorossiyskaya Street, 400087 Volgograd, Russia; (E.V.S.); (D.A.B.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Denis A. Babkov
- Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, 39 Novorossiyskaya Street, 400087 Volgograd, Russia; (E.V.S.); (D.A.B.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Alexander A. Spasov
- Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, 39 Novorossiyskaya Street, 400087 Volgograd, Russia; (E.V.S.); (D.A.B.); (A.A.S.)
| | - Yulia A. Gracheva
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Fine Organic Synthesis, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.S.); (Y.N.O.); (V.Y.T.); (Y.A.G.); (E.R.M.)
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 55 Beethovenstrasse, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (C.S.); (I.O.)
| | - Kirill I. Kirsanov
- Blokhin Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoye Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (K.I.K.); (A.A.S.)
- Institute of Medicine, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander A. Shtil
- Blokhin Cancer Research Center, 24 Kashirskoye Shosse, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (K.I.K.); (A.A.S.)
| | | | - Elena F. Shevtsova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Severniy Proezd, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia;
| | - Elena R. Milaeva
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Fine Organic Synthesis, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.S.); (Y.N.O.); (V.Y.T.); (Y.A.G.); (E.R.M.)
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 55 Beethovenstrasse, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (C.S.); (I.O.)
| | - Alexey A. Nazarov
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Fine Organic Synthesis, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1/3 Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.S.); (Y.N.O.); (V.Y.T.); (Y.A.G.); (E.R.M.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Loftus LM, Olson EC, Stewart DJ, Phillips AT, Arumugam K, Cooper TM, Haley JE, Grusenmeyer TA. Zn Coordination and the Identity of the Halide Ancillary Ligand Dramatically Influence the Excited-State Dynamics and Bimolecular Reactions of 2,3-Di(pyridin-2-yl)benzo[ g]quinoxaline. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16570-16583. [PMID: 34662517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of coordination complexes with ligands containing nitrogen heterocycles have been extensively studied for decades. One subclass of these materials, metal complexes utilizing substituted pyrazines and quinoxalines as ligands, has been employed in a variety of photochemical applications ranging from photodynamic therapy to organic light-emitting diodes. A vast majority of this work focuses on characterization of the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer states in these metal complexes; however, literature reports rarely investigate the photophysics of the parent pyrazine or quinoxaline ligand or perform control experiments utilizing metal complexes that lack low-lying charge-transfer (CT) states in order to determine how metal-atom coordination influences the photophysical properties of the ligand. With this in mind, we examined the steady-state and time-resolved photophysics of 2,3-di(pyridin-2-yl)benzo[g]quinoxaline (dpb) and explored how the coordination of ZnX2 (X = Cl-, Br-, I-) affects the photophysical properties of dpb. In dpb, we find that the dominant mode of deactivation from the singlet excited state is intersystem crossing (ISC). Coordination of ZnX2 perturbs the relative energies of the ππ* and nπ* excited states of dpb, leading to drastically different rates of ISC as well as radiative and nonradiative decay in the [Zn(dpb)X2] complexes compared to dpb. These differences in the rates change the dominant singlet-excited-state decay pathway from ISC in dpb to a mixture of ISC and fluorescence in [Zn(dpb)Cl2] and [Zn(dpb)Br2] and to nonradiative decay in [Zn(dpb)I2]. Coordination of ZnX2 and the choice of the halide ligand also have profound effects on the rate constants for excited-state bimolecular reactions, including triplet-triplet annihilation and oxygen quenching. These results demonstrate that metal coordination, even in complexes lacking low-lying CT states, and the choice of the ancillary ligand can dramatically alter the photophysical properties of chromophores containing nitrogen heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Loftus
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Functional Materials Division, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States.,General Dynamics Information Technology, 5100 Springfield Pike, Dayton, Ohio 45431, United States
| | - Emma C Olson
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Functional Materials Division, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States.,Southwestern Ohio Council for Higher Education, Dayton, Ohio 45420, United States
| | - David J Stewart
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Functional Materials Division, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Alexis T Phillips
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Functional Materials Division, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States.,Southwestern Ohio Council for Higher Education, Dayton, Ohio 45420, United States
| | - Kuppuswamy Arumugam
- Wright State University, Department of Chemistry, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, Ohio 45435, United States
| | - Thomas M Cooper
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Functional Materials Division, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Joy E Haley
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Functional Materials Division, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
| | - Tod A Grusenmeyer
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Functional Materials Division, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433-7750, United States
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17
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Obitz D, Miller RG, Metzler-Nolte N. Synthesis and DNA interaction studies of Ru(II) cell penetrating peptide (CPP) bioconjugates. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:13768-13777. [PMID: 34549219 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01776d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the first bioconjugates of a set of ruthenium(II) dipyridophenazine complexes with two different cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) is described. The CPPs, an arginine rich TAT-9 (RKKRRQRRR) sequence and the Xentry peptide (LCLRPVG), were synthesized using standard SPPS protocols, and the bioconjugates were obtained by the microwave-assisted coupling of the HOBt/TBTU preactivated metal complexes with the respective peptides on Wang resin. The racemic metal complexes were obtained by modified literature procedures. The bioconjugates were cleaved from the resin, purified by semi-preparative HPLC and characterized by analytical HPLC, high resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS), and NMR spectroscopy. Despite the bioconjugation of the peptides to the dppz ligand, DNA intercalation was observed by CD spectroscopy, viscometry and the characteristic switch-on fluorescence of this class of compounds. Furthermore, the cellular uptake of the Xentry bioconjugates was confirmed by live cell imaging. Like the parent metal complexes, the bioconjugates show low in vitro cytotoxicity (IC50 > 80 μM), which is similar to the respective metal complexes alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Obitz
- Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Reece G Miller
- Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Inorganic Chemistry I - Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitaetsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany.
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18
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Estalayo-Adrián S, Blasco S, Bright SA, McManus GJ, Orellana G, Williams DC, Kelly JM, Gunnlaugsson T. Effect of Alkyl Chain Length on the Photophysical, Photochemical, and Photobiological Properties of Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Complexes for Their Application as DNA-Targeting, Cellular-Imaging, and Light-Activated Therapeutic Agents. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:6664-6681. [PMID: 35006970 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A family of six Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes (1-6) which contain phenanthroline-based ligands functionalized with alkyl chains of different lengths (one methyl group, 10 and 21 carbon alkyl chains) and either 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) or 1,4,5,8-tetraazaphenanthrene (TAP) as ancillary ligands have been synthesized and characterized. The influence of the alkyl chain length on their photophysical and photochemical properties as well as in their photobiological applications has been elucidated by monitoring the changes in their MLCT-centered absorption and emission bands. The presence of one methyl group or 10 carbon alkyl chains does not seem to significantly affect the photophysical and photochemical properties of the resulting Ru(II) complexes when compared to the well-known [Ru(phen)3]2+ and [Ru(TAP)2phen]2+. However, an effect on their emission properties and in their ability to photosensitize singlet oxygen is observed for the Ru(II) complexes containing 21 carbon alkyl chains. The binding of these complexes to salmon testes DNA (stDNA) was investigated by observing the changes in the photophysical properties. Complexes 1, 2, 4, and 5 all showed changes in their MLCT bands that could be analyzed using conventional fitting methods, such as the Bard equation. In contrast, complexes 3 and 6, possessing long aliphatic chains, gave rise to nonclassic behavior. In addition to these analyses, both thermal denaturation and circular dichroism studies of 1-6 were carried out in the presence of stDNA which confirmed that these complexes bind to DNA. Confocal microscopy and viability studies in HeLa cervical cancer cells reveal an alkyl chain-length dependence on the cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of the resulting Ru(II) complexes due to an enhancement of their lipophilicity with increasing alkyl chain length. Thus, complexes containing 10 and 21 carbon alkyl chains are rapidly taken up into HeLa cells and, in particular, those with 21 carbon alkyl chains show a significant phototoxicity against the same cell line. Therefore, this study provides further insight into the possible modulation of the photophysical, photochemical, and photobiological properties of Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes by varying the length of the alkyl chains attached to the polypyridyl ligands coordinated to the Ru(II) center and the nature of the auxiliary groups, which we show has a significant effect on photophysical and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Estalayo-Adrián
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Salvador Blasco
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sandra A Bright
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Gavin J McManus
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Guillermo Orellana
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - D Clive Williams
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - John M Kelly
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Thorfinnur Gunnlaugsson
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (AMBER) Centre, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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19
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Busemann A, Flaspohler I, Zhou XQ, Schmidt C, Goetzfried SK, van Rixel VHS, Ott I, Siegler MA, Bonnet S. Ruthenium-based PACT agents based on bisquinoline chelates: synthesis, photochemistry, and cytotoxicity. J Biol Inorg Chem 2021; 26:667-674. [PMID: 34378103 PMCID: PMC8437835 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-021-01882-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The known ruthenium complex [Ru(tpy)(bpy)(Hmte)](PF6)2 ([1](PF6)2, where tpy = 2,2':6',2″-terpyridine, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, Hmte = 2-(methylthio)ethanol) is photosubstitutionally active but non-toxic to cancer cells even upon light irradiation. In this work, the two analogs complexes [Ru(tpy)(NN)(Hmte)](PF6)2, where NN = 3,3'-biisoquinoline (i-biq, [2](PF6)2) and di(isoquinolin-3-yl)amine (i-Hdiqa, [3](PF6)2), were synthesized and their photochemistry and phototoxicity evaluated to assess their suitability as photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) agents. The increase of the aromatic surface of [2](PF6)2 and [3](PF6)2, compared to [1](PF6)2, leads to higher lipophilicity and higher cellular uptake for the former complexes. Such improved uptake is directly correlated to the cytotoxicity of these compounds in the dark: while [2](PF6)2 and [3](PF6)2 showed low EC50 values in human cancer cells, [1](PF6)2 is not cytotoxic due to poor cellular uptake. While stable in the dark, all complexes substituted the protecting thioether ligand upon light irradiation (520 nm), with the highest photosubstitution quantum yield found for [3](PF6)2 (Φ[3] = 0.070). Compounds [2](PF6)2 and [3](PF6)2 were found both more cytotoxic after light activation than in the dark, with a photo index of 4. Considering the very low singlet oxygen quantum yields of these compounds, and the lack of cytotoxicity of the photoreleased Hmte thioether ligand, it can be concluded that the toxicity observed after light activation is due to the photoreleased aqua complexes [Ru(tpy)(NN)(OH2)]2+, and thus that [2](PF6)2 and [3](PF6)2 are promising PACT candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Busemann
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid Flaspohler
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Xue-Quan Zhou
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sina K Goetzfried
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent H S van Rixel
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Beethovenstrasse 55, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Small Molecule X-Ray Facility, Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA
| | - Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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20
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Holden L, Burke CS, Cullinane D, Keyes TE. Strategies to promote permeation and vectorization, and reduce cytotoxicity of metal complex luminophores for bioimaging and intracellular sensing. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:1021-1049. [PMID: 34458823 PMCID: PMC8341117 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00049g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metal luminophores are emerging as important tools for intracellular imaging and sensing. Their putative suitability for such applications has long been recognised but poor membrane permeability and cytotoxicity were significant barriers that impeded early progress. In recent years, numerous effective routes to overcoming these issues have been reported, inspired in part, by advances and insights from the pharmaceutical and drug delivery domains. In particular, the conjugation of biomolecules but also other less natural synthetic species, from a repertoire of functional motifs have granted membrane permeability and cellular targeting. Such motifs can also reduce cytotoxicity of transition metal complexes and offer a valuable avenue to circumvent such problems leading to promising metal complex candidates for application in bioimaging, sensing and diagnostics. The advances in metal complex probes permeability/targeting are timely, as, in parallel, over the past two decades significant technological advances in luminescence imaging have occurred. In particular, super-resolution imaging is enormously powerful but makes substantial demands of its imaging contrast agents and metal complex luminophores frequently possess the photophysical characteristics to meet these demands. Here, we review some of the key vectors that have been conjugated to transition metal complex luminophores to promote their use in intra-cellular imaging applications. We evaluate some of the most effective strategies in terms of membrane permeability, intracellular targeting and what impact these approaches have on toxicity and phototoxicity which are important considerations in a luminescent contrast or sensing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorcan Holden
- School of Chemical Sciences, and National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Christopher S Burke
- School of Chemical Sciences, and National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - David Cullinane
- School of Chemical Sciences, and National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
| | - Tia E Keyes
- School of Chemical Sciences, and National Centre for Sensor Research Dublin City University Dublin 9 Ireland
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21
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Gurgul I, Mazuryk O, Łomzik M, Gros PC, Rutkowska-Zbik D, Brindell M. Unexplored features of Ru(ii) polypyridyl complexes - towards combined cytotoxic and antimetastatic activity. Metallomics 2021; 12:784-793. [PMID: 32227043 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00019a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The well-documented cytotoxic activity of coordinatively saturated and substitutionally inert polypyridyl Ru(ii) complexes substantiates their high potency as antiproliferative agents against primary tumors. However, the primary cause of cancer morbidity and mortality responsible for about 90% of cancer deaths is the occurrence of metastasis. Therefore, scientists have to concentrate their efforts on designing compounds affecting not only the primary tumor, but also efficiently inhibiting metastasis. Herein, we report two families of Ru(ii) polypyridyl complexes bearing 2,2'-bipyridine substituted by a semicarbazone 2-formylopyridine moiety as one of the ligands and 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-dipyridyl or 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline as auxiliary ligands. These complexes strengthen cells' adherent properties and inhibit the activity of metalloproteinases (MMPs) in vitro, which is relevant in anti-metastatic treatment. The in vitro studies were performed on human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) and human pancreatic cancer (PANC-1) cells, which have a well-documented invasive potential. The induced alteration of the tumor cells' adhesion properties correlated with the high cytotoxic effect exerted by the complexes and their excellent cellular uptake. It was also proved that both complexes directly inhibit M-MP2 and M-MP9 enzyme activities, which are essential for the development of tumor metastasis. The results of this study indicate that the biological properties of polypyridyl Ru(ii) complexes extend beyond the standard cytotoxic activity and represent an important step towards designing new anti-metastatic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Gurgul
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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22
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Kladnik J, Coverdale JPC, Kljun J, Burmeister H, Lippman P, Ellis FG, Jones AM, Ott I, Romero-Canelón I, Turel I. Organoruthenium Complexes with Benzo-Fused Pyrithiones Overcome Platinum Resistance in Ovarian Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2493. [PMID: 34065335 PMCID: PMC8160969 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance to existing anticancer agents is a growing clinical concern, with many first line treatments showing poor efficacy in treatment plans of some cancers. Resistance to platinum agents, such as cisplatin, is particularly prevalent in the treatment of ovarian cancer, one of the most common cancers amongst women in the developing world. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop next generation of anticancer agents which can overcome resistance to existing therapies. We report a new series of organoruthenium(II) complexes bearing structurally modified pyrithione ligands with extended aromatic scaffold, which overcome platinum and adriamycin resistance in human ovarian cancer cells. The mechanism of action of such complexes appears to be unique from that of cisplatin, involving G1 cell cycle arrest without generation of cellular ROS, as is typically associated with similar ruthenium complexes. The complexes inhibit the enzyme thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) in a model system and reduce cell motility towards wound healing. Importantly, this work highlights further development in our understanding of the multi-targeting mechanism of action exhibited by transition metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerneja Kladnik
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.K.); (J.K.)
| | - James P. C. Coverdale
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (J.P.C.C.); (F.G.E.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Jakob Kljun
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Hilke Burmeister
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (H.B.); (P.L.); (I.O.)
| | - Petra Lippman
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (H.B.); (P.L.); (I.O.)
| | - Francesca G. Ellis
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (J.P.C.C.); (F.G.E.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Alan M. Jones
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (J.P.C.C.); (F.G.E.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Ingo Ott
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (H.B.); (P.L.); (I.O.)
| | - Isolda Romero-Canelón
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (J.P.C.C.); (F.G.E.); (A.M.J.)
| | - Iztok Turel
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (J.K.); (J.K.)
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23
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24
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Lu Y, Zhu D, Gui L, Li Y, Wang W, Liu J, Wang Y. A dual-targeting ruthenium nanodrug that inhibits primary tumor growth and lung metastasis via the PARP/ATM pathway. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:115. [PMID: 33892746 PMCID: PMC8063440 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00799-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many studies have found that ruthenium complexes possess unique biochemical characteristics and inhibit tumor growth or metastasis. Results Here, we report the novel dual-targeting ruthenium candidate 2b, which has both antitumor and antimetastatic properties and targets tumor sites through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect and transferrin/transferrin receptor (TF/TFR) interaction. The candidate 2b is composed of ruthenium-complexed carboline acid and four chloride ions. In vitro, 2b triggered DNA cleavage and thus blocked cell cycle progression and induced apoptosis via the PARP/ATM pathway. In vivo,2b inhibited not only Lewis lung cancer (LLC) tumor growth but also lung metastasis. We detected apoptosis and decreased CD31 expression in tumor tissues, and ruthenium accumulated in the primary tumor tissue of C57BL/6 mice implanted with LLC cells. Conclusions Thus, we conclude that 2b targets tumors, inhibits tumor growth and prevents lung metastasis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, 10 Xi Tou Tiao, You An Men, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, 10 Xi Tou Tiao, You An Men, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Gui
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, 10 Xi Tou Tiao, You An Men, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanming Li
- Minimally Invasive Tumor Therapies Center, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawang Liu
- Medicinal Chemistry Core, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 579 College of Pharmacy Building, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Yuji Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Capital Medical University, 10 Xi Tou Tiao, You An Men, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China. .,Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Peptide and Small Molecular Drugs, Engineering Research Center of Endogenous Prophylactic of Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Tumor-targetable magnetoluminescent silica nanoparticles for bimodal time-gated luminescence/magnetic resonance imaging of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Talanta 2020; 220:121378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Ma H, Chen K, Song B, Tang Z, Huang Y, Zhang T, Wang H, Sun W, Yuan J. A visible-light-excitable mitochondria-targeted europium complex probe for hypochlorous acid and its application to time-gated luminescence bioimaging. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 168:112560. [PMID: 32890933 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Development of fluorescent/luminescent probes for rapid, selective and sensitive detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is of great significance for understanding the roles of ROS in pathophysiological processes. In the present research, a visible-light-excitable Eu3+ complex-based probe, Eu(L)3(DPBT), is designed and synthesized for the time-gated luminescence (TGL) determination of hypochlorous acid (HClO) in vitro and in vivo. The proposed probe exhibits a rapid, selective and sensitive TGL response to HClO, and excellent localization of mitochondria in living cells with low cytotoxicity. These features allow the probe to be used for the TGL sensing and imaging of HClO formation in mimic inflammatory cells at a subcellular level, as well as in endotoxin-induced liver injury and rheumatoid arthritis in live mice. In addition, by immobilizing the probe in the PEG hydrogel, the smart sensor films with rapid response to HClO were prepared, and successfully used for the real-time monitoring of HClO generation in mouse wounds, in order to distinguish the infected wounds from acute ones. Overall, this study provides a useful tool for the clinical monitoring and treatment of wound diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Kaiwen Chen
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Bo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
| | - Zhixin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yundi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Huanan Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Wenping Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Jingli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
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27
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Sosoe J, Cruché C, Morin É, Collins SK. Evaluating heteroleptic copper(I)-based complexes bearing π-extended diimines in different photocatalytic processes. CAN J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of 12 new copper-based photocatalysts of the type Cu(N^N)(P^P)BF4 were synthesized bearing π-extended diimine ligands. The complexes have red shifted absorptions and larger extinction coefficients than complexes prepared with a parent diimine, dmp. The complexes were evaluated for their ability to promote three different photochemical transformations. Although the complexes were inactive in a reductive PCET process, the complexes afforded good yields in both SET and ET processes. Interestingly, homoleptic copper-complexes derived from the π-extended diimines were significantly more active in SET processes than analogous complexes with simpler diimines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Sosoe
- Département de Chimie, Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de Chimie, Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Corentin Cruché
- Département de Chimie, Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de Chimie, Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Émilie Morin
- Département de Chimie, Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de Chimie, Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Shawn K. Collins
- Département de Chimie, Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Département de Chimie, Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
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28
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Delavar Mendi F, Sh Saljooghi A, Ramezani M, Kruszynski R, Poupon M, Kucerakova M, Huch V, Socha P, Babaei M, Alibolandi M. Five new complexes with deferiprone and N,N-donor ligands: evaluation of cytotoxicity against breast cancer MCF-7 cell line and HSA-binding determination. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:4845-4858. [PMID: 32579069 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1782769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, five new complexes containing deferiprone (dfp) and N,N-donor ligands [bipyridine (bpy), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and ethylenediamine (en)] were synthesized: [Fe(dfp)2(bpy)](PF6) (1), [Fe(dfp)2(phen)](PF6) (2), [Cu2(dfp)2(bpy)2](PF6)2 (3), [Ga(dfp)2(bpy)](PF6) (4), and [Fe(dfp)2(en)](PF6) (5). Characterization of these complexes was carried out through elemental analysis and FT-IR, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography was used to determine their structures. Whilst the polyhedron has a distorted octahedral geometry in 1, 2, 4, and 5, it adopts a distorted square-pyramidal geometry in 3. Interaction of these compounds with human serum albumin (HSA) has been investigated through electronic absorption and fluorescence titration techniques. Emission quenching was performed separately for each complex at three different temperatures and thermodynamic parameters were calculated using binding constants to better understand the power of different binding forces with the HSA. Results demonstrated that compounds interact strongly with the HSA with a static quenching mechanism. Our evaluation of the cytotoxicity of complexes against the breast cancer MCF-7 cell line showed that complex 2 presents a better cytotoxicity than the standard cis-Pt. Finally, using the AutoDock 4.2 program, simulations to analyze the mechanism of complex-HSA interactions and their binding mode were carried out. Results showed that the best binding mode is located in subdomain IB for 1, 2, and 4, in I/II for 3, and in IA/IIA for 5. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Delavar Mendi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Sh Saljooghi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rafal Kruszynski
- Department of X-ray Crystallography and Crystal Chemistry, Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Morgane Poupon
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Kucerakova
- Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Volker Huch
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Pawel Socha
- The Czochralski Laboratory of Advanced Crystal Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maryam Babaei
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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29
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Notaro A, Frei A, Rubbiani R, Jakubaszek M, Basu U, Koch S, Mari C, Dotou M, Blacque O, Gouyon J, Bedioui F, Rotthowe N, Winter RF, Goud B, Ferrari S, Tharaud M, Řezáčová M, Humajová J, Tomšík P, Gasser G. Ruthenium(II) Complex Containing a Redox-Active Semiquinonate Ligand as a Potential Chemotherapeutic Agent: From Synthesis to In Vivo Studies. J Med Chem 2020; 63:5568-5584. [PMID: 32319768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy remains one of the dominant treatments to cure cancer. However, due to the many inherent drawbacks, there is a search for new chemotherapeutic drugs. Many classes of compounds have been investigated over the years to discover new targets and synergistic mechanisms of action including multicellular targets. In this work, we designed a new chemotherapeutic drug candidate against cancer, namely, [Ru(DIP)2(sq)](PF6) (Ru-sq) (DIP = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline; sq = semiquinonate ligand). The aim was to combine the great potential expressed by Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes and the singular redox and biological properties associated with the catecholate moiety. Experimental evidence (e.g., X-ray crystallography, electron paramagnetic resonance, electrochemistry) demonstrates that the semiquinonate is the preferred oxidation state of the dioxo ligand in this complex. The biological activity of Ru-sq was then scrutinized in vitro and in vivo, and the results highlight the promising potential of this complex as a chemotherapeutic agent against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Notaro
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Angelo Frei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Rubbiani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marta Jakubaszek
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, F-75005 Paris, France.,Institut Curie, PSL University, CNRS UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Uttara Basu
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Severin Koch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Mari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mazzarine Dotou
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Blacque
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jérémie Gouyon
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Team Synthèse, Electrochimie, Imagerie et Systèmes Analytiques pour le Diagnostic, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Fethi Bedioui
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Team Synthèse, Electrochimie, Imagerie et Systèmes Analytiques pour le Diagnostic, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Nils Rotthowe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rainer F Winter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Bruno Goud
- Institut Curie, PSL University, CNRS UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Stefano Ferrari
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 143 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mickaël Tharaud
- Université de Paris, Institut de physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Martina Řezáčová
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Humajová
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Tomšík
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Šimkova 870, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology, F-75005 Paris, France
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30
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Abel AS, Zenkov IS, Averin AD, Cheprakov AV, Bessmertnykh-Lemeune AG, Orlinson BS, Beletskaya IP. Tuning the Luminescent Properties of Ruthenium(II) Amino-1,10-Phenanthroline Complexes by Varying the Position of the Amino Group on the Heterocycle. Chempluschem 2020; 84:498-503. [PMID: 31943904 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201900206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Eight 1,10-phenanthrolines bearing one or two 2-(1-adamantyloxy)ethylamino substituents attached to different positions of the heterocyclic core were prepared according to SN Ar or palladium-catalyzed amination reactions. Their reaction with cis-Ru(bpy)2 Cl2 (bpy=2,2'-bipyridine) was investigated and Ru(bpy)2 (L)(PF6 )2 (phen=1,10-phenanthroline) (L=amino-substituted 1,10-phenanthroline) complexes were obtained in good yields. The electronic structure and emissive properties of these complexes are strongly dependent on the position of the amino substituent in the heterocycle. Emission bands of the complexes bearing 2- and 4-substituted 1,10-phenanthroline ligands are red-shifted (up to 56 nm) and less intense compared to that of the parent [Ru(phen)(bpy)2 ](PF6 )2 . In contrast, the introduction of the substituent in 3- or 5-position of 1,10-phenanthroline ring induces only small decrease of luminescence and the brightness of the complex with the 3-substituted ligand is comparable to that of the parent complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton S Abel
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ilya S Zenkov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Alexei D Averin
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Russian Academy of Sciences, Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leninsky Pr. 31, Moscow, 119071, Russia
| | - Andrey V Cheprakov
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | | | - Boris S Orlinson
- Volgograd State Technical University, Prosp. Lenina, 28, Volgograd, 400131, Russia
| | - Irina P Beletskaya
- Department of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Russian Academy of Sciences, Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leninsky Pr. 31, Moscow, 119071, Russia
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31
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Sasahara GL, Gouveia Júnior FS, Rodrigues RDO, Zampieri DS, Fonseca SGDC, Gonçalves RDCR, Athaydes BR, Kitagawa RR, Santos FA, Sousa EHS, Nagao-Dias AT, Lopes LGDF. Nitro-imidazole-based ruthenium complexes with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 206:111048. [PMID: 32151873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a physiological process triggered in response to tissue damage, and involves events related to cell recruitment, cytokines release and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Failing to control the process duration lead to chronification and may be associated with the development of various pathologies, including autoimmune diseases and cancer. Considering the pharmacological potential of metal-based compounds, two new ruthenium complexes were synthesized: cis-[Ru(NO2)(bpy)2(5NIM)]PF6 (1) and cis-[RuCl(bpy)2(MTZ)]PF6 (2), where bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, 5NIM = 5-nitroimidazole and MTZ = metronidazole. Both products were characterized by spectroscopic techniques, followed by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations in order to support experimental findings. Afterwards, their in vitro cytotoxic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were investigated. Compounds 1 and 2 presented expressive in vitro antioxidant activity, reducing lipid peroxidation and decreasing intracellular ROS levels with comparable effectiveness to the standard steroidal drug dexamethasone or α-tocopherol. These complexes showed no noticeable cytotoxicity on the tested cancer cell lines. Bactericidal assay against metronidazole-resistant Helicobacter pylori, a microorganism able to disrupt oxidative balance, unraveled compound 1 moderate activity over that strain. Besides this, it was able to inhibit interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α) production as well as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. This latter activity is remarkable, which has not been reported for other ruthenium-based complexes. Altogether, these results suggest cis-[Ru(NO2)(bpy)2(5NIM)]PF6 complex has potential pharmacological application as an anti-inflammatory agent that deserve further biological investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greyce Luri Sasahara
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Raphael de Oliveira Rodrigues
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Dávila Souza Zampieri
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Ceará, PO Box 6021, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - Brena Ramos Athaydes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rezende Kitagawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Flávia Almeida Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Aparecida Tiemi Nagao-Dias
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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32
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Notaro A, Jakubaszek M, Rotthowe N, Maschietto F, Vinck R, Felder PS, Goud B, Tharaud M, Ciofini I, Bedioui F, Winter RF, Gasser G. Increasing the Cytotoxicity of Ru(II) Polypyridyl Complexes by Tuning the Electronic Structure of Dioxo Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6066-6084. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Jakubaszek
- Institut Curie, PSL University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Nils Rotthowe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Bruno Goud
- Institut Curie, PSL University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Mickaël Tharaud
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Rainer F. Winter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
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33
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Toupin NP, Nadella S, Steinke SJ, Turro C, Kodanko JJ. Dual-Action Ru(II) Complexes with Bulky π-Expansive Ligands: Phototoxicity without DNA Intercalation. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:3919-3933. [PMID: 32096986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and photochemical and biological characterization of Ru(II) complexes containing π-expansive ligands derived from dimethylbenzo[i]dipyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine (Me2dppn) adorned with flanking aryl substituents. Late-stage Suzuki couplings produced Me2dppn ligands substituted at the 10 and 15 positions with phenyl (5), 2,4-dimethylphenyl (6), and 2,4-dimethoxyphenyl (7) groups. Complexes of the general formula [Ru(tpy)(L)(py)](PF6)2 (8-10), where L = 4-7, were characterized and shown to have dual photochemotherapeutic (PCT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) behavior. Quantum yields for photodissociation of monodentate pyridines from 8-10 were about 3 times higher than that of parent complex [Ru(tpy)(Me2dppn)(py)](PF6)2 (1), whereas quantum yields for singlet oxygen (1O2) production were ∼10% lower than that of 1. Transient absorption spectroscopy indicates that 8-10 possess long excited state lifetimes (τ = 46-50 μs), consistent with efficient 1O2 production through population and subsequent decay of ligand-centered 3ππ* excited states. Complexes 8-10 displayed greater lipophilicity relative to 1 and association to DNA but do not intercalate between the duplex base pairs. Complexes 1 and 8-10 showed photoactivated toxicity in breast and prostate cancer cell lines with phototherapeutic indexes, PIs, as high as >56, where the majority of cell death was achieved 4 h after treatment with Ru(II) complexes and light. Flow cytometric data and rescue experiments were consistent with necrotic cell death mediated by the production of reactive oxygen species, especially 1O2. Collectively, this study confirms that DNA intercalation by Ru(II) complexes with π-expansive ligands is not required to achieve photoactivated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Toupin
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Sandeep Nadella
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States
| | - Sean J Steinke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Claudia Turro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jeremy J Kodanko
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, United States.,Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
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34
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Dayanidhi DPE, Thangavel N, Vaidyanathan Ganesan V. Selective Recognition of Conformation-Specific Arylamine–DNA Adduct in Frameshift Model by [Ru(phen)2(dppz)]2+. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:800-805. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Paul Elisa Dayanidhi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Advanced Materials Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India
| | - Nandhini Thangavel
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Advanced Materials Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India
| | - Vaidyanathan Vaidyanathan Ganesan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Advanced Materials Laboratory, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai 600 020, India
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35
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Chen S, Luo Y, Wang N, Chen X, Guo Y, Deng H, Xu J, Chen SW, Wang J. Cascade reaction-based trinal-site probe for sensing and imaging of cysteine and glutathione. Talanta 2020; 208:119934. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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36
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Soliman N, McKenzie LK, Karges J, Bertrand E, Tharaud M, Jakubaszek M, Guérineau V, Goud B, Hollenstein M, Gasser G, Thomas CM. Ruthenium-initiated polymerization of lactide: a route to remarkable cellular uptake for photodynamic therapy of cancer. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2657-2663. [PMID: 34084324 PMCID: PMC8157674 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05976h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruthenium complexes have attracted a lot of attention as potential photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT). However, some of these PSs are unsuitable for PDT applications due to their low cellular uptake, which is possibly the consequence of their relatively low degree of lipophilicity, which prevents them from penetrating into tumor cells. Here, we report the simple one-pot synthesis of ruthenium-containing nanoconjugates from a non-cell-penetrating, non-phototoxic ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complex (RuOH), by a drug-initiated ring-opening polymerization of lactide through the formation of a zinc initiator. These conjugates were then formulated into nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation and characterized by means of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization – time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Finally, their photo-therapeutic activity (λexc = 480 nm, 3.21 J cm−2) in cancerous human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) and non-cancerous retinal pigment epithelium (RPE-1) cells was tested alongside that of RuOH and their cellular uptake in HeLa cells was assessed by confocal microscopy and inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). All nanoparticles showed improved photophysical properties including luminescence and singlet oxygen generation, enhanced cellular uptake and, capitalizing on this, an improved photo-toxicity. Overall, this study demonstrates how it is possible to transform a non-phototoxic PDT PS into an active PS using an easy, versatile polymerization technique. This study shows the transformation of a non-phototoxic PDT photosensitizer into an active photosensitizer using an easy, versatile and generalizable one-pot ruthenium-initiated polymerization technique.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Soliman
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris 75005 Paris France .,Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology 75005 Paris France
| | - Luke K McKenzie
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology 75005 Paris France .,Institut Pasteur, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, CNRS UMR 3523 75015 Paris France
| | - Johannes Karges
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology 75005 Paris France
| | - Emilie Bertrand
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris 75005 Paris France .,Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology 75005 Paris France
| | - Mickaël Tharaud
- Université de Paris, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - Marta Jakubaszek
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology 75005 Paris France .,Institut Curie, PSL University, CNRS UMR 144 75005 Paris France
| | - Vincent Guérineau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR2301, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay Avenue de la Terrasse 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | - Bruno Goud
- Institut Curie, PSL University, CNRS UMR 144 75005 Paris France
| | - Marcel Hollenstein
- Institut Pasteur, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids, CNRS UMR 3523 75015 Paris France
| | - Gilles Gasser
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences, Laboratory for Inorganic Chemical Biology 75005 Paris France
| | - Christophe M Thomas
- Chimie ParisTech, PSL University, CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris 75005 Paris France
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37
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Chintakuntla N, Putta VR, Mallepally RR, K N, Vuradi RK, Kotha LR, Singh SS, Sirasani S. Synthesis, structural characterization, in vitro DNA binding, and antitumor activity properties of Ru(II) compounds containing 2(2,6-dimethoxypyridine-3-yl)-1H-imidazo(4,5-f)[1, 10]phenanthroline. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 39:760-791. [PMID: 31983278 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2019.1694685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The octahedral Ru(II) complexes containing the 2(2,6-dimethoxypyridine-3-yl)-1H-imidazo(4,5-f)[1, 10]phenanthroline ligand of type [Ru(N-N)2(L)]2+, where N-N = phen (1,10-phenanthroline) (1), bpy (2,2'-bipyridine) (2), and dmb (4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine) (3); L(dmpip) = (2(2,6-dimethoxypyridine-3-yl)1Himidazo(4,5-f)[1, 10]phenanthroline), have been synthesized and characterized by UV-visible absorption, molar conductivity, elemental analysis, mass, IR, and NMR spectroscopic techniques. The physicochemical properties of the Ru(II) complexes were determined by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The DNA binding studies have been explored by UV-visible absorption, fluorescence titrations, and viscosity measurements. The supercoiled pBR322 DNA cleavage efficiency of Ru(II) complexes 1-3 was investigated. The antimicrobial activity of Ru(II) complexes was done against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. The in vitro anticancer activities of all the complexes were investigated by cell viability assay, apoptosis, cellular uptake, mitochondrial membrane potential detection, and semi-quantitative PCR on HeLa cells. The result indicates that the synthesized Ru(II) complexes probably interact with DNA through an intercalation mode of binding with complex 1 having slightly stronger DNA binding affinity and anticancer activity than 2 and 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagamani Chintakuntla
- Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India.,Department of Biochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
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38
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Savić A, Gligorijević N, Aranđelović S, Dojčinović B, Kaczmarek AM, Radulović S, Van Deun R, Van Hecke K. Antitumor activity of organoruthenium complexes with chelate aromatic ligands, derived from 1,10-phenantroline: Synthesis and biological activity. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 202:110869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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39
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Zhao Y, Kang Y, Xu F, Zheng W, Luo Q, Zhang Y, Jia F, Wang F. Pharmacophore conjugation strategy for multi-targeting metal-based anticancer complexes. Med Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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40
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Vuradi RK, Nambigari N, Pendyala P, Gopu S, Kotha LR, G D, M VR, Sirasani S. Study of Anti‐Apoptotic mechanism of Ruthenium (II)Polypyridyl Complexes via RT‐PCR and DNA binding. Appl Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Navaneetha Nambigari
- Department of ChemistryOsmania University Hyderabad 500007 India
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Science, SaifabadOsmania University Hyderabad 500 004 India
| | - Pushpanjali Pendyala
- Institute of Genetics & Hospital for Genetic Diseases, BegumpetOsmania University Hyderabad 500 016 India
| | - Srinivas Gopu
- Department of ChemistryOsmania University Hyderabad 500007 India
| | | | - Deepika G
- Institute of Genetics & Hospital for Genetic Diseases, BegumpetOsmania University Hyderabad 500 016 India
| | - Vinoda Rani M
- Department of PhysicsOsmania University Hyderabad 500007 India
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41
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Tang Z, Song B, Zhang W, Guo L, Yuan J. Precise Monitoring of Drug-Induced Kidney Injury Using an Endoplasmic Reticulum-Targetable Ratiometric Time-Gated Luminescence Probe for Superoxide Anions. Anal Chem 2019; 91:14019-14028. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b03602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Bo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Wenzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Lianying Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P. R. China
| | - Jingli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
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42
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Ruthenium(II) salicylate complexes inducing ROS-mediated apoptosis by targeting thioredoxin reductase. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 193:112-123. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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43
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Study of a Miniaturizable System for Optical Sensing Application to Human Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9050975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Conventional approaches to human intracellular optical sensing, generally, require dedicated laboratories with bulky detection systems. They are performed by cell labeling procedures based on the use of fluorophores that are, mostly, phototoxic, invasive, bleached in case of prolonged light exposures, which require carriers and/or structural modifications for the cellular uptake. These issues, together with the sensitivity of the eukaryotic cell model, could be problematic towards the development of a robust sensing system suitable for biomedical screening. In this work, we studied a sensing system resulting from the combination of the commercial tris(2,2’bipyridyl)ruthenium(II) fluorophore, for cell labeling, with a potentially miniaturizable optical system composed by a laser source and a photomultiplier tube, for the fluorescence analysis.
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44
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Jia F, Wang S, Man Y, Kumar P, Liu B. Recent Developments in the Interactions of Classic Intercalated Ruthenium Compounds: [Ru(bpy)₂dppz] 2+ and [Ru(phen)₂dppz] 2+ with a DNA Molecule. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040769. [PMID: 30791625 PMCID: PMC6412511 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
[Ru(bpy)2dppz]2+ and [Ru(phen)2dppz]2+ as the light switches of the deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) molecule have attracted much attention and have become a powerful tool for exploring the structure of the DNA helix. Their interactions have been intensively studied because of the excellent photophysical and photochemical properties of ruthenium compounds. In this perspective, this review describes the recent developments in the interactions of these two classic intercalated compounds with a DNA helix. The mechanism of the molecular light switch effect and the selectivity of these two compounds to different forms of a DNA helix has been discussed. In addition, the specific binding modes between them have been discussed in detail, for a better understanding the mechanism of the light switch and the luminescence difference. Finally, recent studies of single molecule force spectroscopy have also been included so as to precisely interpret the kinetics, equilibrium constants, and the energy landscape during the process of the dynamic assembly of ligands into a single DNA helix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchao Jia
- Laboratory of Functional Molecules and Materials, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Molecules and Materials, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Yan Man
- Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
| | - Parveen Kumar
- Laboratory of Functional Molecules and Materials, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Molecules and Materials, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
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45
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Tang Z, Song B, Ma H, Luo T, Guo L, Yuan J. Mitochondria-Targetable Ratiometric Time-Gated Luminescence Probe for Carbon Monoxide Based on Lanthanide Complexes. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2939-2946. [PMID: 30674191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
As a critical gasotransmitter, carbon monoxide (CO) has been demonstrated to be related with mitochondrial respiration, but the monitoring of CO in mitochondria remains a great challenge. In this work, a unique ratiometric time-gated luminescence (TGL) probe, Mito-NBTTA-Tb3+/Eu3+, that can specifically respond to mitochondrial CO has been developed. The probe was designed by incorporating a mitochondria-targeting moiety, triphenylphosphonium, into a CO-activatable terpyridine polyacid derivative, 4'-(4-nitrobenzyloxy-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine-6,6''-diyl) bis(methylenenitrilo) tetrakis(acetic acid), for coordinating to Eu3+ and Tb3+ ions to construct lanthanide complex-based probe for ratiometric TGL detection of CO. Upon reaction with CO, accompanied by the conversion of nitro group to amino group, a 1,6-rearrangement-elimination reaction occurs, which leads to the cleavage of 4-nitrobenzyl group from Mito-NBTTA-Tb3+/Eu3+, resulting in the significant increase of Tb3+ emission at 540 nm and moderate decrease of Eu3+ emission at 610 nm. After the reaction, the I540/ I610 ratio was found to be 48-fold enhanced. This feature allowed Mito-NBTTA-Tb3+/Eu3+ to be employed as a ratiometric TGL probe for CO detection with the I540/ I610 ratio as a signal. In addition, the probe showed outstanding mitochondria-localization characteristic, which enabled the probe to be successfully applied to imaging CO within mitochondria of living cells under TGL and ratiometric modes. The application of Mito-NBTTA-Tb3+/Eu3+ was demonstrated by the visualization and quantitative detection of exogenous and endogenous CO in living cells and mouse liver tissue slices, as well as in living Daphnia magna and mice. All of the results suggested the potential of Mito-NBTTA-Tb3+/Eu3+ for the quantitative monitoring of CO in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Bo Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Hua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Tianlie Luo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental Science and Technology , Dalian University of Technology , Linggong Road 2 , Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Lianying Guo
- Department of Pathophysiology , Dalian Medical University , Dalian 116044 , P. R. China
| | - Jingli Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry , Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024 , China
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46
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Tang Z, Song B, Ma H, Shi Y, Yuan J. A ratiometric time-gated luminescence probe for hydrogen sulfide based on copper(II)-coupled lanthanide complexes. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1049:152-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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47
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Lameijer LN, van de Griend C, Hopkins SL, Volbeda AG, Askes SHC, Siegler MA, Bonnet S. Photochemical Resolution of a Thermally Inert Cyclometalated Ru(phbpy)(N-N)(Sulfoxide) + Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:352-362. [PMID: 30525567 PMCID: PMC6331141 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
In
this work a photosubstitution strategy is presented that can
be used for the isolation of chiral organometallic complexes. A series
of five cyclometalated complexes Ru(phbpy)(N−N)(DMSO-κS)](PF6) ([1]PF6-[5]PF6) were synthesized and characterized, where Hphbpy = 6′-phenyl-2,2′-bipyridyl,
and N–N = bpy (2,2′-bipyridine), phen (1,10-phenanthroline),
dpq (pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline), dppz (dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]phenazine, or dppn
(benzo[i]dipyrido[3,2-a,2′,3′-c]phenazine), respectively. Due to the asymmetry of the
cyclometalated phbpy– ligand, the corresponding
[Ru(phbpy)(N–N)(DMSO-κS)]+complexes are chiral.
The exceptional thermal inertness of the Ru–S bond made chiral
resolution of these complexes by thermal ligand exchange impossible.
However, photosubstitution by visible light irradiation in acetonitrile
was possible for three of the five complexes ([1]PF6-[3]PF6). Further thermal coordination
of the chiral sulfoxide (R)-methyl p-tolylsulfoxide to the photoproduct [Ru(phbpy)(phen)(NCMe)]PF6, followed by reverse phase HPLC, led to the separation and
characterization of the two diastereoisomers of [Ru(phbpy)(phen)(MeSO(C7H7))]PF6, thus providing a new photochemical
approach toward the synthesis of chiral cyclometalated ruthenium(II)
complexes. Full photochemical, electrochemical, and frontier orbital
characterization of the cyclometalated complexes [1]PF6-[5]PF6 was performed to explain why
[4]PF6 and [5]PF6 are
photochemically inert while [1]PF6-[3]PF6 perform selective photosubstitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien N Lameijer
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333CC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Corjan van de Griend
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333CC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Samantha L Hopkins
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333CC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Geert Volbeda
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333CC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Sven H C Askes
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333CC Leiden , The Netherlands
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Small molecule X-ray facility, Department of Chemistry , John Hopkins University , Baltimore , Maryland 21218 , United States
| | - Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University , Einsteinweg 55 , 2333CC Leiden , The Netherlands
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48
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Sahoo CR, Paidesetty SK, Padhy RN. Norharmane as a potential chemical entity for development of anticancer drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 162:752-764. [PMID: 30496990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death generally, and to overcome this problem the introduction of a new drug developing is a continuous endeavour. An alkaloid, norharmane and its derivatives, which have anticancer activities, widely distributed in several living and synthetic chemical sources. Herewith, the suggested mechanisms of organic reactions and synthetic approaches of norharmane available so far were considered. Active sites of norharmane nucleus positions, C-1, C-3, and N-9, were used for developing new molecules and based on structure activity relationship (SAR), those have been seen with anticancer activities. This review summarizes on chemistry of synthetic strategies of norharmane derivatives, which may provide a framework to design a novel anticancer drug, in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chita Ranjan Sahoo
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences & Sum Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Paidesetty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India.
| | - Rabindra Nath Padhy
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences & Sum Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India.
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49
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Li X, Gorle AK, Sundaraneedi MK, Keene FR, Collins JG. Kinetically-inert polypyridylruthenium(II) complexes as therapeutic agents. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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50
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Peña B, Saha S, Barhoumi R, Burghardt RC, Dunbar KR. Ruthenium(II)-Polypyridyl Compounds with π-Extended Nitrogen Donor Ligands Induce Apoptosis in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma (A549) Cells by Triggering Caspase-3/7 Pathway. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:12777-12786. [PMID: 30239197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ru(II)-polypyridyl complexes exhibit antitumor properties that can be systematically tailored by means of adjusting the ligand environment. In this work, the effect of incorporating π-extended moieties into anionic N∧O- based chelating ligands on the cytotoxic properties of Ru compounds is explored. Four new Ru(II) complexes, [Ru(bpy)2(dphol)][PF6] (1; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, dphol = dibenzo[ a, c]phenazin-10-olate), [Ru(phen)2(dphol)][PF6] (2; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), [Ru(bpy)2(hbtz)][PF6] (3; hbtz = 2-(benzo[ d]thiazol-2-yl)phenolate), and [Ru(phen)2(hbtz)][PF6] (4) were synthesized and thoroughly characterized. In vitro cytotoxicity was investigated in human lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cells, which revealed that 4 is the most cytotoxic compound (IC50 = 0.8 μM) in the series including a control compound [Ru(bpy)2(quo)][PF6] (5; quo = 8-hydroxyquinolinate) and is nearly 8-fold more cytotoxic than cisplatin. An investigation of the mechanism of cell death led to the finding that compounds 1-4 disrupt the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) in a concentration-dependent fashion, which is an event associated with the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Moreover, compound 4 triggers the activity of caspase-3/7, which eventually induces the apoptotic cellular death of A549 cells. Thus, increasing the overall lipophilicity of the Ru compounds by introducing π-extended moieties in the anionic N∧O- ligand is a successful strategy for realizing a new family of pro-apoptotic compounds with a [RuIIN5O]+ coordination environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Peña
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Sayan Saha
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Rola Barhoumi
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Robert C Burghardt
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
| | - Kim R Dunbar
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A&M University , College Station , Texas 77843 , United States
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