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Shi H, Ma J, Li Q, Du X, Meng Z, Ru J, Ma C. Four organotin(IV) complexes derived from 2,6-difluoro-3-(propylsulfonamido)benzoic acid: synthesis, structure, in vitro cytostatic activity and antifungal activity evaluation. Inorganica Chim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2023.121485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
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2
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Milović E, Janković N, Petronijević J, Joksimović N, Kosanić M, Stanojković T, Matić I, Grozdanić N, Klisurić O, Stefanović S. Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Tetrahydropyrimidines: Dual-Activity and Mechanism of Action. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102254. [PMID: 36297686 PMCID: PMC9610702 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of the novel tetrahydropyrimidines-THPMs are described. THPMs are well-known for wide pharmacological activities such as antimicrobial, anticancer, antiviral, etc. This research includes obtained results of in vitro antimicrobial, anticancer, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the eleven novel THPMs. An antibiotic assessment was done against five bacteria (two Gram-positive and three Gram-negative) and five fungi by determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), using the broth tube dilution method. The most active antibacterial compounds were 4a, 4b, and 4d, while the best antifungal activity was shown by 4e, 4f, and 4k. The lowest MIC value (0.20 mg/mL) was measured for 4e, 4f, and 4k against the Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Moreover, examining the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity revealed the compound 4g as the one with the best activity. The cytotoxic activity was performed on the tumor cell lines (HeLa, K562, and MDA-MB-231) and normal cells (MRC-5). The best antitumor activity was shown by compounds 4b and 4k against HeLa cell lines. The influence on cell cycle and mechanism of action of the most active compounds were examined too. Compound 4b had good antibacterial and anticancer activities, while 4k showed promising antifungal and anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Milović
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Sciences, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nenad Janković
- University of Kragujevac, Institute for Information Technologies Kragujevac, Department of Sciences, Jovana Cvijića bb, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
- Correspondence:
| | - Jelena Petronijević
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nenad Joksimović
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marijana Kosanić
- University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Stanojković
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Matić
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nađa Grozdanić
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Klisurić
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Science, Department of Physics, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Srđan Stefanović
- Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kaćanskog 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Gawdzik B, Kowalczyk P, Koszelewski D, Brodzka A, Masternak J, Kramkowski K, Wypych A, Ostaszewski R. The Evaluation of DHPMs as Biotoxic Agents on Pathogen Bacterial Membranes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020238. [PMID: 35207159 PMCID: PMC8878598 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present biological studies on 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones (DHPMs) obtained via Biginelli reaction catalyzed by NH4Cl under solvent-free conditions. Until now, DHPMs have not been tested for biological activity against pathogenic E. coli strains. We tested 16 newly synthesized DHPMs as antimicrobial agents on model E. coli strains (K12 and R2–R4). Preliminary cellular studies using MIC and MBC tests and digestion of Fpg after modification of bacterial DNA suggest that these compounds may have greater potential as antibacterial agents than typically used antibiotics, such as ciprofloxacin (ci), bleomycin (b) and cloxacillin (cl). The described compounds are highly specific for pathogenic E. coli strains based on the model strains used and may be engaged in the future as new substitutes for commonly used antibiotics in clinical and nosocomial infections in the pandemic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gawdzik
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
- Correspondence: (B.G.); (P.K.)
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Department of Animal Nutrition, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
- Correspondence: (B.G.); (P.K.)
| | - Dominik Koszelewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (D.K.); (A.B.); (R.O.)
| | - Anna Brodzka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (D.K.); (A.B.); (R.O.)
| | - Joanna Masternak
- Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University, Uniwersytecka 7, 25-406 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Karol Kramkowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilińskiego 1 Str., 15-089 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Aleksandra Wypych
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, ul. Wileńska 4, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
| | - Ryszard Ostaszewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; (D.K.); (A.B.); (R.O.)
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Kantankar A, Jayaprakash Rao Y, Mallikarjun G, Hemasri Y, Kethiri RR. Rational design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of chromone-pyrimidine derivatives as potent anti-cancer agents. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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5
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Zhou M, Wang Y, Lin X, Wan J, Wen C. Specific TLR4 Blocking Effect of a Novel 3,4-Dihydropyrimidinone Derivative. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:624059. [PMID: 33597886 PMCID: PMC7882735 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.624059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) initiates both innate and adaptive immune responses, which plays an important protective role in self-defense mechanisms. Excessive or inappropriate TLR4 activation causes the development of many autoimmune diseases. Dihydropyrimidinone derivatives are medicinally important molecules with diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory activity. The present study focused on novel synthesized 3,4-dihydropyrimidinone derivatives and evaluated their inhibitory effects on TLR4. Methods: A series of 3,4-dihydropyrimidinone derivatives were recently synthesized and evaluated for their TLR4 inhibition activities and cytotoxic on HEK-BlueTM hTLR4 cells with the help of QUANTI-Blue assay and MTS assay. Selected compound 3 was analyzed for its molecular docking with TLR4 by using Autodock vina 1.1.2. Its effect on the TLR4 pathway related cytokines was also evaluated in THP-1 cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by using real-time PCR, ELISA and western blot. Results: Five compounds were synthesized and characterized for effectiveness based on 3,4-dihydropyrimidinone. Compound 3 was found to be the potent hybrid among the synthesized compounds, with high TLR4 inhibition activities and low cytotoxic activities against HEK-BlueTM hTLR4 cells. Molecular docking analysis showed that two hydrogen bonds between compound 3 and residues Asp209(TLR4) and Asp99(MD-2) mainly contribute to the TLR4 inhibition. In addition, compound 3 suppressed LPS-induced of the mRNA expression of TLR4, IP-10, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12A, and IL-12B, the protein expression of pIRF3 and pNFκB and the secretion of IP-10, TNF-α in THP-1 cell line. Compound 3 also inhibited LPS-induced expression of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β but increased IP-10 at mRNA levels in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Conclusion: Our study reveals compound 3, a novel 3,4-dihydropyrimidinone derivative, is a potential TLR4 antagonist, which opens up new research avenues for the development of promising therapeutic agents for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqian Zhou
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiqi Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Lin
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jieping Wan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chengping Wen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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New pharmacological findings linked to biphenyl DHPMs, kinesin Eg5 ligands: anticancer and antioxidant effects. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:1137-1154. [PMID: 32513026 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dihydropyrimidin-2-thiones (DHPMs) are a class of heterocyclic compound which have been intensively investigated mainly due to their anticancer activity as kinesin Eg5 inhibitors. Materials & methods: A library of N1 aryl substituted DHPMs were tested against glioma and bladder cancer cell lines. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) investigation was performed in order to identify key elements of DHPMs linked with their antiproliferative effect. The toxicity of most active compounds was investigated using Caenorhabditis elegans as the model. Results & conclusion: DHPMs 9, 13 and 17 have been identified as having improved activity against glioma and bladder cell lines as compared with monastrol. Flow cytometry investigations showed that the new compounds induce cell cycle arrest in phase G2/M and cell death by apoptosis. In addition, compound 13 was able to modulate the reactive oxygen species production in vivo in C. elegans. The biphenyl dihydropyrimidinthiones provided a safety profile in C. elegans.
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El-Hamamsy MH, Sharafeldin NA, El-Moselhy TF, Tawfik HO. Design, synthesis, and molecular docking study of new monastrol analogues as kinesin spindle protein inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e2000060. [PMID: 32452567 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lung, colorectal, and breast cancers are the top three types of cancer by incidence and are responsible for one-third of the cancer incidence and mortality. A series of 18 3,4-dihydropyrimidine analogues bearing a 1,2-methylenedioxybenzene component at position 4 with diverse side chains at positions 5 and 6 was designed and synthesized as inhibitors of the Eg5 kinesin enzyme. Target compounds were screened for their anticancer activity according to the NCI-USA protocol toward a panel of 60 cancer cell lines. Compounds 12a and 12b displayed the best antiproliferation activity against many cell lines. Interestingly, compound 12a displayed lethal effects against non-small-cell lung cancer NCI-H522 cells (-42.26%) and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells (-1.10%) at a single-dose assay concentration of 10-5 M. Compounds 11c, 11d, 11g, 12a-d, 13, 15, and 18a were assayed against the kinesin enzyme, with IC50 values ranging from 1.2 to 18.71 μM, which were more potent compared with monastrol (IC50 = 20 μM). Cell cycle analysis of NCI-H522 cells treated with compound 12a showed cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Furthermore, the expression levels of active caspase-3 and -9 were measured. A molecular docking study was performed for some demonstrative compounds as well as monastrol docked into the allosteric binding site of the kinesin spindle protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat H El-Hamamsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Nabaweya A Sharafeldin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Tarek F El-Moselhy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Haytham O Tawfik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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8
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Safari S, Ghavimi R, Razzaghi‐Asl N, Sepehri S. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking study of dihydropyrimidine derivatives as potential anticancer agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sahand Safari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of PharmacyArdabil University of Medical Sciences Ardabil Iran
| | - Reza Ghavimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of PharmacyIsfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan Iran
| | - Nima Razzaghi‐Asl
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of PharmacyArdabil University of Medical Sciences Ardabil Iran
| | - Saghi Sepehri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of PharmacyArdabil University of Medical Sciences Ardabil Iran
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9
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Design, synthesis, and bioactivity of dihydropyrimidine derivatives as kinesin spindle protein inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:115126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Synthesis, in vitro evaluation and QSAR modelling of potential antitumoral 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-(1H)-thiones. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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11
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Synthesis, Characterization, and Anticancer Activities Evaluation of Compounds Derived from 3,4-Dihydropyrimidin-2(1 H)-one. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050891. [PMID: 30832453 PMCID: PMC6429579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one compounds (DHPMs) possess extensive biological activities and are mainly prepared via Biginelli reaction and N-alkylation. In the present study, selective alkylation of N¹ was investigated by using tetrabutylammonium hydroxide. In vitro cytotoxicity study on all synthesized compounds demonstrated that introduction of the aryl chain in the R³ as well as the low electron-donating group in the R¹ of DHPMs contributed to the anti-proliferative potency. A larger value of the partition coefficient (Log P) and suitable polar surface area (PSA) values were both found to be important in order to maintain the antitumor activity. The results from in vivo study indicated the great potential of compound 3d to serve as a lead compound for novel anti-tumor drugs to treat glioma. Pharmacophore study regarding the structure-activity relations of DHPMs were also conducted. Our results here could provide a guide for the design of novel bioactive 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one compounds.
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12
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Kappe CO. My Twenty Years in Microwave Chemistry: From Kitchen Ovens to Microwaves that aren't Microwaves. CHEM REC 2019; 19:15-39. [PMID: 29905399 PMCID: PMC6391988 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This Personal Account describes the author's involvement in the field of microwave-assisted organic synthesis (MAOS) from the late 1990's starting out with kitchen microwave ovens right through to the development of a reactor in 2016 that - although not using microwave technology - in many ways mimics the performance of a modern laboratory microwave. The reader is taken along a journey that has spanned two decades of intense research on various aspects of microwave chemistry, and, at the same time, was intimately linked to key innovations regarding equipment design and development. A "behind the scenes" approach is taken in this article to share - from a very personal point of view - how specific projects and research ideas were conceived and developed in my research group, and how in general the field of microwave chemistry has progressed in the last two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Oliver Kappe
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of GrazHeinrichstrasse 28, A-8010 GrazAustria
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13
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Gonçalves IL, Rockenbach L, das Neves GM, Göethel G, Nascimento F, Porto Kagami L, Figueiró F, Oliveira de Azambuja G, de Fraga Dias A, Amaro A, de Souza LM, da Rocha Pitta I, Avila DS, Kawano DF, Garcia SC, Battastini AMO, Eifler-Lima VL. Effect of N-1 arylation of monastrol on kinesin Eg5 inhibition in glioma cell lines. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:995-1010. [PMID: 30108989 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00095f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An original and focused library of two sets of dihydropyrimidin-2-thiones (DHPMs) substituted with N-1 aryl groups derived from monastrol was designed and synthesized in order to discover a more effective Eg5 ligand than the template. Based on molecular docking studies, four ligands were selected to perform pharmacological investigations against two glioma cell lines. The results led to the discovery of two original compounds, called 20h and 20e, with an anti-proliferative effects, achieving IC50 values of about half that of the IC50 of monastrol in both cell lines. As with monastrol, flow cytometry analyses showed that the 20e and 20h compounds induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase, and immunocytochemistry essays revealed the formation of monopolar spindles due to Eg5 inhibition without any toxicity to Caenorhabditis elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itamar Luís Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal/LaSOM , Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Avenida Ipiranga , 2752 , Porto Alegre/RS , Brazil .
| | - Liliana Rockenbach
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal/LaSOM , Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Avenida Ipiranga , 2752 , Porto Alegre/RS , Brazil .
| | - Gustavo Machado das Neves
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal/LaSOM , Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Avenida Ipiranga , 2752 , Porto Alegre/RS , Brazil .
| | - Gabriela Göethel
- Laboratório de Toxicologia - LATOX , Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre/RS , Brazil
| | - Fabiana Nascimento
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal/LaSOM , Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Avenida Ipiranga , 2752 , Porto Alegre/RS , Brazil .
| | - Luciano Porto Kagami
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal/LaSOM , Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Avenida Ipiranga , 2752 , Porto Alegre/RS , Brazil .
| | - Fabrício Figueiró
- Departamento de Bioquímica , ICBS , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre/RS , Brazil .
| | - Gabriel Oliveira de Azambuja
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal/LaSOM , Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Avenida Ipiranga , 2752 , Porto Alegre/RS , Brazil .
| | - Amanda de Fraga Dias
- Departamento de Bioquímica , ICBS , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre/RS , Brazil .
| | - Andressa Amaro
- Departamento de Bioquímica , ICBS , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre/RS , Brazil .
| | - Lauro Mera de Souza
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe , Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe , Curitiba-PR , Brazil
| | - Ivan da Rocha Pitta
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica , Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife/PE , Brazil
| | - Daiana Silva Avila
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Bioquímica e Toxicologia em Caenorhabditis elegans (GBToxCE) , Universidade Federal do Pampa-UNIPAMPA , Uruguaiana , RS , Brazil
| | - Daniel Fábio Kawano
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas , Universidade Estadual de Campinas , Campinas-SP , Brazil
| | - Solange Cristina Garcia
- Laboratório de Toxicologia - LATOX , Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre/RS , Brazil
| | | | - Vera Lucia Eifler-Lima
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal/LaSOM , Faculdade de Farmácia , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Avenida Ipiranga , 2752 , Porto Alegre/RS , Brazil .
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Matos LHS, Masson FT, Simeoni LA, Homem-de-Mello M. Biological activity of dihydropyrimidinone (DHPM) derivatives: A systematic review. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 143:1779-1789. [PMID: 29133039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Dihydropyrimidinones are heterocycles with a pyrimidine moiety in the ring nucleus, which, in recent decades, have aroused interest in medicinal chemistry due to alleged versatile biological activity. In this systematic review, we describe the currently published activities of dihydropyrimidinone derivatives. Between 1990 and December 31st, 2016, 115 articles outlined biological activities or toxicity of DHPM derivatives, 12 of those involved in vivo experiments. The main activities associated with this class of compounds are antitumoral (43 articles), anti-inflammatory (12 articles), antibacterial (20 articles) and calcium channel antagonism/inhibition (14 articles). Antitumoral activity is the main biological property evaluated, since the main representative compound of this class (monastrol) is a known Eg5 kinesin inhibitor. This review depicts a variety of other pharmacological activities associated with DHPM derivatives, but the main findings are essentially in vitro characteristics of the substances. This review presents the current state of the art of DHPM biological activities and demonstrates that there is still a need for further in vivo studies to better delineate the pharmacological potential of this class of substances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Flávia Teixeira Masson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences School, University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Simeoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences School, University of Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Homem-de-Mello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences School, University of Brasilia, Brazil.
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15
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Targeted delivery of mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded monastrol into cancer cells: an in vitro study. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-017-0593-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Monastrol, a 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1 H )-thione, as structural scaffold for the development of modulators for GHB high-affinity binding sites and α 1 β 2 δ GABA A receptors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:300-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Sharma A, Gudala S, Ambati SR, Penta S, Mahapatra SP, Vedula RR, Pola S, Acharya B. Synthesis of Heterocyclic Compounds Catalyzed by Metal/Metal Oxide-Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposites. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201600864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Archi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology; Raipur 492010 Chhattisgarh India
| | - Satish Gudala
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology; Raipur 492010 Chhattisgarh India
| | - Srinivasa Rao Ambati
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology; Raipur 492010 Chhattisgarh India
| | - Santhosh Penta
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology; Raipur 492010 Chhattisgarh India
| | | | - Rajeswar Rao Vedula
- Department of Chemistry; National Institute of Technology; Warangal 506004 Telangana India
| | - Someshwar Pola
- Department of Chemistry, Nizam College; Osmania University; Hyderabad 500001 India
| | - Bibhudendra Acharya
- Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering; NIT; Raipur 492010 India
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Gein VL, Zamaraeva TM, Buzmakova NA, Dmitriev MV, Nasakin OE, Kazantseva MI. Synthesis of N-Aryl- and N,N-diethyl-2-methyl-3-phenyl-4-sulfanylidene-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2H-2,6-methano-1,3,5-benzoxadiazocine-11-carboxamides. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428017010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Ouyang M, Zeng L, Huang H, Jin C, Liu J, Chen Y, Ji L, Chao H. Fluorinated cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes as mitochondria-targeted theranostic anticancer agents. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:6734-6744. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt01043e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyclometalated iridium(iii) complexes bearing different numbers of fluorine atoms were developed to induce apoptosis via mitochondrial pathways and demonstrated much better anticancer activities than the widely used clinical chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Ouyang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Leli Zeng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Huaiyi Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Chengzhi Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Jiangping Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Liangnian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
| | - Hui Chao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- P. R. China
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20
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Mutlak A. Hassan H, Denetiu I, Sakkaf K, A. Khan K, N. Pushparaj P, Gauthaman K. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Triazolyl Monastrol Analogues Using Cu-Catalyzed Click Chemistry. HETEROCYCLES 2017. [DOI: 10.3987/com-17-13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Bhat MA, Al-Dhfyan A, Al-Omar MA. Targeting Cancer Stem Cells with Novel 4-(4-Substituted phenyl)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxy/3,4-dimethoxy)-benzoyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-one/thiones. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21121746. [PMID: 27999374 PMCID: PMC6272899 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel 4-(4-substituted phenyl)-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxy/3,4-dimethoxy)-benzoyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-one/thione derivatives (DHP1–9) were designed, synthesized, characterized and evaluated for antitumor activity against cancer stem cells. The compounds were synthesized in one pot. Enaminones E1 and E2 were reacted with substituted benzaldehydes and urea/thiourea in the presence of glacial acetic acid. The synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral analysis. The compounds were screened in vitro against colon cancer cell line (LOVO) colon cancer stem cells. Most of the compounds were found to be active against side population cancer stem cells with an inhibition of >50% at a 10 μM concentration. Compounds DHP-1, DHP-7 and DHP-9 were found to be inactive. Compound DHP-5 exhibited an in vitro anti-proliferative effect and arrested cancer cells at the Gap 2 phase (G2) checkpoint and demonstrated an inhibitory effect on tumor growth for a LOVO xenograft in a nude mouse experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashooq Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah Al-Dhfyan
- Stem Cell & Tissue Re-Engineering Program, Research Center, King Faisal Specialized Hospital & Research Center, MBC-03, P.O. Box 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed A Al-Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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22
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Dube D, Tiwari P, Kaur P. The hunt for antimitotic agents: an overview of structure-based design strategies. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:579-97. [PMID: 27077683 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2016.1174689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Structure-based drug discovery offers a rational approach for the design and development of novel anti-mitotic agents which target specific proteins involved in mitosis. This strategy has paved the way for development of a new generation of chemotypes which selectively interfere with the target proteins. The interference of these anti-mitotic targets implicated in diverse stages of mitotic cell cycle progression culminates in cancer cell apoptosis. AREAS COVERED This review covers the various mitotic inhibitors developed against validated mitotic checkpoint protein targets using structure-based design and optimization strategies. The protein-ligand interactions and the insights gained from these studies, culminating in the development of more potent and selective inhibitors, have been presented. EXPERT OPINION The advent of structure-based drug design coupled with advances in X-ray crystallography has revolutionized the discovery of candidate lead molecules. The structural insights gleaned from the co-complex protein-drug interactions have provided a new dimension in the design of anti-mitotic molecules to develop drugs with a higher selectivity and specificity profile. Targeting non-catalytic domains has provided an alternate approach to address cross-reactivity and broad selectivity among kinase inhibitors. The elucidation of structures of emerging mitotic drug targets has opened avenues for the design of inhibitors that target cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dube
- a Department of Biophysics , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
| | - P Tiwari
- a Department of Biophysics , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
| | - P Kaur
- a Department of Biophysics , All India Institute of Medical Sciences , New Delhi , India
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23
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Abstract
The role of fluorine in drug design and development is expanding rapidly as we learn more about the unique properties associated with this unusual element and how to deploy it with greater sophistication. The judicious introduction of fluorine into a molecule can productively influence conformation, pKa, intrinsic potency, membrane permeability, metabolic pathways, and pharmacokinetic properties. In addition, (18)F has been established as a useful positron emitting isotope for use with in vivo imaging technology that potentially has extensive application in drug discovery and development, often limited only by convenient synthetic accessibility to labeled compounds. The wide ranging applications of fluorine in drug design are providing a strong stimulus for the development of new synthetic methodologies that allow more facile access to a wide range of fluorinated compounds. In this review, we provide an update on the effects of the strategic incorporation of fluorine in drug molecules and applications in positron emission tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Gillis
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Kyle J Eastman
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - Matthew D Hill
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
| | - David J Donnelly
- Discovery Chemistry Platforms, PET Radiochemical Synthesis, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
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Abdou AM, Botros S, Hassan RA, Kamel MM, Taber DF, Taher AT. Useful four-carbon synthons en route to monastrol analogs. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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25
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de Fátima Â, Braga TC, Neto LDS, Terra BS, Oliveira BGF, da Silva DL, Modolo LV. A mini-review on Biginelli adducts with notable pharmacological properties. J Adv Res 2014; 6:363-73. [PMID: 26257934 PMCID: PMC4522545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2014.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 10/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the disclosure of Biginelli reaction by the chemist Pietro Biginelli, functionalized 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones (DHPMs) have emerged as prototypes for the design of compounds with a broad variety of biological activities. This mini-review describes over 100 Biginelli adducts demonstrated to be promising anticancer, inhibitors of calcium channel, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. Thus, this compilation presents the most notable in vitro and in vivo results for such fascinating class of organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângelo de Fátima
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Taniris C Braga
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Leonardo da S Neto
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Bruna S Terra
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Breno G F Oliveira
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Daniel L da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luzia V Modolo
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
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26
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Jiang C, You Q. Kinesin spindle protein inhibitors in cancer: a patent review (2008 - present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2013; 23:1547-60. [PMID: 23978071 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.833606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inhibition of kinesin spindle protein (KSP) has emerged as a novel and validated therapeutic strategy against cancers. A lot of new KSP inhibitors have been identified in recent years and some of them have entered clinical trials. This may provide more selections in future cancer therapy. AREAS COVERED In the present review, the authors will describe the most recent classes of KSP inhibitors by reviewing about 96 literatures in which 24 patent applications were included from 2008 to now. EXPERT OPINION Many new KSP inhibitors have been discovered that act either by binding in an allosteric site of KSP or by ATP competitive inhibition. There are several ATP non-competitive KSP inhibitors entering clinical investigation. Although they were both well tolerated and showed acceptable pharmacokinetic profiles, limited clinical response was always the problem. Mutation of the binding pocket was also a hindrance in the development of these allosteric inhibitors. The appearance of ATP competitive KSP inhibitors was considered to be able to overcome mutation-mediated resistance to the allosteric inhibitors, which could be a new approach for the development of novel KSP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jiang
- China Pharmaceutical University, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization , Nanjing 210009 , China
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27
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El-Nassan HB. Advances in the discovery of kinesin spindle protein (Eg5) inhibitors as antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 62:614-31. [PMID: 23434636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is considered as one of the most serious health problems. Despite the presence of many effective chemotherapeutic agents, their severe side effects together with the appearance of mutant tumors limit the use of these drugs and increase the need for new anticancer agents. Eg5 represents an attractive target for medicinal chemists since Eg5 is overexpressed in many proliferative tissues while almost no Eg5 is detected in nonproliferative tissues. Many Eg5 inhibitors displayed potent anticancer activity against some of the mutant tumors with limited side effects. The present review provides an overview about the progress in the discovery of Eg5 inhibitors especially from 2009 to 2012 as well as the clinical trials conducted on some of these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Bakr El-Nassan
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 33 Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
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28
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Goulet A, Moores C. New insights into the mechanism of force generation by kinesin-5 molecular motors. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 304:419-66. [PMID: 23809441 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407696-9.00008-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Kinesin-5 motors are members of a superfamily of microtubule-dependent ATPases and are widely conserved among eukaryotes. Kinesin-5s typically form homotetramers with pairs of motor domains located at either end of a dumbbell-shaped molecule. This quaternary structure enables cross-linking and ATP-driven sliding of pairs of microtubules, although the exact molecular mechanism of this activity is still unclear. Kinesin-5 function has been characterized in greatest detail in cell division, although a number of interphase roles have also been defined. The kinesin-5 ATPase is tuned for slow microtubule sliding rather than cellular transport and-in vertebrates-can be inhibited specifically by allosteric small molecules currently in cancer clinical trials. The biophysical and structural basis of kinesin-5 mechanochemistry is being elucidated and has provided further insight into kinesin-5 activities. However, it is likely that the precise mechanism of these important motors has evolved according to functional context and regulation in individual organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Goulet
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, United Kingdom
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3D-QSAR studies of dihydropyrazole and dihydropyrrole derivatives as inhibitors of human mitotic kinesin Eg5 based on molecular docking. Molecules 2012; 17:2015-29. [PMID: 22343406 PMCID: PMC6268882 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17022015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mitotic kinesin Eg5 plays an essential role in mitoses and is an interesting drug target against cancer. To find the correlation between Eg5 and its inhibitors, structure-based 3D-quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies were performed on a series of dihydropyrazole and dihydropyrrole derivatives using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) methods. Based on the LigandFit docking results, predictive 3D-QSAR models were established, with cross-validated coefficient values (q²) up to 0.798 for CoMFA and 0.848 for CoMSIA, respectively. Furthermore, the CoMFA and CoMSIA models were mapped back to the binding sites of Eg5, which could provide a better understanding of vital interactions between the inhibitors and the kinase. Ligands binding in hydrophobic part of the inhibitor-binding pocket were found to be crucial for potent ligand binding and kinases selectivity. The analyses may be used to design more potent EG5 inhibitors and predict their activities prior to synthesis.
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30
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Dong J, Trieu TH, Shi XX, Zhang Q, Xiao S, Lu X. A general strategy for the highly stereoselective synthesis of HR22C16-like mitotic kinesin Eg5 inhibitors from both l- and d-tryptophans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Dallinger D, Lehmann H, Moseley JD, Stadler A, Kappe CO. Scale-Up of Microwave-Assisted Reactions in a Multimode Bench-Top Reactor. Org Process Res Dev 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/op200090k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Doris Dallinger
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry (CDLMC) and Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-80010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hansjörg Lehmann
- Preparation Laboratories, Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Institute for BioMedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan D. Moseley
- AstraZeneca, Process Research and Development, Avlon Works, Severn Road, Hallen, Bristol BS10 7ZE, U.K
| | | | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Microwave Chemistry (CDLMC) and Institute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens University Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, A-80010 Graz, Austria
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Kaan HYK, Ulaganathan V, Rath O, Prokopcová H, Dallinger D, Kappe CO, Kozielski F. Structural basis for inhibition of Eg5 by dihydropyrimidines: stereoselectivity of antimitotic inhibitors enastron, dimethylenastron and fluorastrol. J Med Chem 2010; 53:5676-83. [PMID: 20597485 DOI: 10.1021/jm100421n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human kinesin Eg5, which plays an essential role in mitosis by establishing the bipolar spindle, has proven to be an interesting drug target for the development of cancer chemotherapeutics. Here, we report the crystal structures of the Eg5 motor domain complexed with enastron, dimethylenastron, and fluorastrol. By comparing these structures to that of monastrol and mon-97, we identified the main reasons for increased potency of these new inhibitors, namely the better fit of the ligand to the allosteric binding site and the addition of fluorine atoms. We also noticed preferential binding of the S-enantiomer of enastron and dimethylenastron to Eg5, while the R-enantiomer of fluorastrol binds preferentially to Eg5. In addition, we performed a multidrug resistance (MDR) study in cell lines overexpressing P-glycoprotein (Pgp). We showed that one of these inhibitors may have the potential to overcome susceptibility to this efflux pump and hence overcome common resistance associated with tubulin-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Yi Kristal Kaan
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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