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Dhayalan M, Wang W, Riyaz SUM, Dinesh RA, Shanmugam J, Irudayaraj SS, Stalin A, Giri J, Mallik S, Hu R. Advances in functional lipid nanoparticles: from drug delivery platforms to clinical applications. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:57. [PMID: 38298556 PMCID: PMC10825110 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03901-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Since Doxil's first clinical approval in 1995, lipid nanoparticles have garnered great interest and shown exceptional therapeutic efficacy. It is clear from the licensure of two RNA treatments and the mRNA-COVID-19 vaccination that lipid nanoparticles have immense potential for delivering nucleic acids. The review begins with a list of lipid nanoparticle types, such as liposomes and solid lipid nanoparticles. Then it moves on to the earliest lipid nanoparticle forms, outlining how lipid is used in a variety of industries and how it is used as a versatile nanocarrier platform. Lipid nanoparticles must then be functionally modified. Various approaches have been proposed for the synthesis of lipid nanoparticles, such as High-Pressure Homogenization (HPH), microemulsion methods, solvent-based emulsification techniques, solvent injection, phase reversal, and membrane contractors. High-pressure homogenization is the most commonly used method. All of the methods listed above follow four basic steps, as depicted in the flowchart below. Out of these four steps, the process of dispersing lipids in an aqueous medium to produce liposomes is the most unpredictable step. A short outline of the characterization of lipid nanoparticles follows discussions of applications for the trapping and transporting of various small molecules. It highlights the use of rapamycin-coated lipid nanoparticles in glioblastoma and how lipid nanoparticles function as a conjugator in the delivery of anticancer-targeting nucleic acids. High biocompatibility, ease of production, scalability, non-toxicity, and tailored distribution are just a meager of the enticing allowances of using lipid nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles. Due to the present constraints in drug delivery, more research is required to utterly realize the potential of lipid nanoparticles for possible clinical and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Dhayalan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (Saveetha University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 077 India
- College of Public Health Sciences (CPHS), Chulalongkorn University, 254 Phyathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Wei Wang
- Beidahuang Industry Group General Hospital, Harbin, 150001 China
| | - S. U. Mohammed Riyaz
- Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (Saveetha University), Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 077 India
- PG & Research Department of Biotechnology, Islamiah College (Autonomous), Vaniyambadi, Tamil Nadu 635752 India
| | - Rakshi Anuja Dinesh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072 Australia
| | - Jayashree Shanmugam
- Department of Biotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | | | - Antony Stalin
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054 China
| | - Jayant Giri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yeshwantrao Chavan College of Engineering, Nagpur, India
| | - Saurav Mallik
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ruifeng Hu
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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Gallo E, Diaferia C, Rosa E, Smaldone G, Morelli G, Accardo A. Peptide-Based Hydrogels and Nanogels for Delivery of Doxorubicin. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:1617-1630. [PMID: 33688182 PMCID: PMC7935351 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s296272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The clinical use of the antitumoral drug doxorubicin (Dox) is reduced by its dose-limiting toxicity, related to cardiotoxic side effects and myelosuppression. In order to overcome these drawbacks, here we describe the synthesis, the structural characterization and the in vitro cytotoxicity assays of hydrogels (HGs) and nanogels (NGs) based on short peptide sequences loaded with Dox or with its liposomal formulation, Doxil. METHODS Fmoc-FF alone or in combination with (FY)3 or PEG8-(FY)3 peptides, at two different ratios (1/1 and 2/1 v/v), were used for HGs and NGs formulations. HGs were prepared according to the "solvent-switch" method, whereas NGs were obtained through HG submicronition by the top-down methodology in presence of TWEEN®60 and SPAN®60 as stabilizing agents. HGs gelation kinetics were assessed by Circular Dichroism (CD). Stability and size of NGs were studied using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements. Cell viability of empty and filled Dox HGs and NGs was evaluated on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Moreover, cell internalization of the drug was evaluated using immunofluorescence assays. RESULTS Dox filled hydrogels exhibit a high drug loading content (DLC=0.440), without syneresis after 10 days. Gelation kinetics (20-40 min) and the drug release (16-28%) over time of HGs were found dependent on relative peptide composition. Dox filled NGs exhibit a DLC of 0.137 and a low drug release (20-40%) after 72 h. Empty HGs and NGs show a high cell viability (>95%), whereas Dox loaded ones significantly reduce cell viability after 24 h (49-57%) and 72 h (7-25%) of incubation, respectively. Immunofluorescence assays evidenced a different cell localization for Dox delivered through HGs and NGs with respect to the free drug. DISCUSSION A modulation of the Dox release can be obtained by changing the ratios of the peptide components. The different cellular localization of the drug loaded into HGs and NGs suggests an alternative internalization mechanism. The high DLC, the low drug release and preliminary in vitro results suggest a potential employment of peptide-based HGs and NGs as drug delivery tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlo Diaferia
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, 80134, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Rosa
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, 80134, Italy
| | | | - Giancarlo Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, 80134, Italy
| | - Antonella Accardo
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, 80134, Italy
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Depau L, Brunetti J, Falciani C, Mandarini E, Riolo G, Zanchi M, Karousou E, Passi A, Pini A, Bracci L. Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans Can Promote Opposite Effects on Adhesion and Directional Migration of Different Cancer Cells. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15997-16011. [PMID: 33284606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans take part in crucial events of cancer progression, such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cell migration, and cell invasion. Through sulfated groups on their glycosaminoglycan chains, heparan sulfate proteoglycans interact with growth factors, morphogens, chemokines, and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. The amount and position of sulfated groups are highly variable, thus allowing differentiated ligand binding and activity of heparan sulfate proteoglycans. This variability and the lack of specific ligands have delayed comprehension of the molecular basis of heparan sulfate proteoglycan functions. Exploiting a tumor-targeting peptide tool that specifically recognizes sulfated glycosaminoglycans, we analyzed the role of membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the adhesion and migration of cancer cell lines. Starting from the observation that the sulfated glycosaminoglycan-specific peptide exerts a different effect on adhesion, migration, and invasiveness of different cancer cell lines, we identified and characterized three cell migration phenotypes, where different syndecans are associated with alternative signaling for directional cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Depau
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Jlenia Brunetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Falciani
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Riolo
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Marta Zanchi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Evgenia Karousou
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Luisa Bracci
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Rosa E, Diaferia C, Gallo E, Morelli G, Accardo A. Stable Formulations of Peptide-Based Nanogels. Molecules 2020; 25:E3455. [PMID: 32751321 PMCID: PMC7435922 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, nanogels have been identified as innovative formulations for enlarging the application of hydrogels (HGs) in the area of drug delivery or in diagnostic imaging. Nanogels are HGs-based aggregates with sizes in the range of nanometers and formulated in order to obtain injectable preparations. Regardless of the advantages offered by peptides in a hydrogel preparation, until now, only a few examples of peptide-based nanogels (PBNs) have been developed. Here, we describe the preparation of stable PBNs based on Fmoc-Phe-Phe-OH using three different methods, namely water/oil emulsion (W/O), top-down, and nanogelling in water. The effect of the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) in the formulation was also evaluated in terms of size and stability. The resulting nanogels were found to encapsulate the anticancer drug doxorubicin, chosen as the model drug, with a drug loading comparable with those of the liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Rosa
- Department of Pharmacy and Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples “Federico II”, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy; (E.R.); (C.D.); (G.M.)
| | - Carlo Diaferia
- Department of Pharmacy and Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples “Federico II”, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy; (E.R.); (C.D.); (G.M.)
| | - Enrico Gallo
- IRCCS SDN, Via E. Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giancarlo Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples “Federico II”, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy; (E.R.); (C.D.); (G.M.)
| | - Antonella Accardo
- Department of Pharmacy and Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples “Federico II”, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy; (E.R.); (C.D.); (G.M.)
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Brunetti J, Falciani C, Bernini A, Scali S, Bracci L, Lozzi L. Molecular definition of the interaction between a tumor-specific tetrabranched peptide and LRP6 receptor. Amino Acids 2020; 52:915-924. [PMID: 32556741 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-020-02860-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The tumor-specific tetrabranched peptide NT4 binds membrane sulfate glycosaminoglycans and receptors belonging to the low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) family, like LRP6, which are overexpressed in cancer. The binding occurs through a multimeric positively-charged motif of NT4 that interacts with negatively charged motives in both glycosaminoglycans and LRP receptors. LRP6 has an essential function in canonical Wnt signaling, acting together with receptors of the Frizzled family as coreceptor for Wnt ligands. The extracellular domain of LRP6 contains four YWTD β-propellers, which are fundamental for interactions with ligands, such as Wnt and Wnt inhibitors. To investigate the molecular interactions between the NT4 peptide and LRP6 receptor, we synthesized a library of epitope mapping peptides reproducing the YWTD β-propeller 3 and 4 of LRP6. The peptides that showed to bind NT4 represented the portion of LRP6 located on the top face of β-propeller 3 and contained negatively charged residues, including glutamic acid-708 which is known to be involved in Wnt3a interaction. The results pave the way for a possible development of peptide inhibitors of Wnt3a pathway to be used as drugs in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jlenia Brunetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Chiara Falciani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Bernini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Scali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Luisa Bracci
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Luisa Lozzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100, Siena, Italy
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The Neuropeptide System and Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases: Mechanisms and Management. Int J Mol Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103494
expr 969553959 + 931886332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), classified as the third most prevalent cancer worldwide, remains to be a clinical and research challenge. It is estimated that ~50% of CRC patients die from distant metastases, with treatment of this complication still posing significant difficulties. While liver metastasis (LM) cascade is known in the literature, its mechanisms are still unclear and remain studied in different research models. A connection is suggested between nervous system dysfunctions and a range of Neurotransmitters (Nts) (including Neuropeptides, NPs), Neurotrophins (Ntt) and their receptors (Rs) in CRC liver metastasis development. Studies on the role of NP/NP-Rs in the progression and metastasis of CRC, show the complexity of brain–tumor interactions, caused by their different forms of release to the extracellular environment (endocrine, autocrine, paracrine and neurocrine). Many stages of LM are connected to the activity of pro-inflammatory, e.g., Corticotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor 1 (CRHR1), Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Neurotensin (NT), anti-inflammatory, e.g., Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide (CGRP), CRHR2 and Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) or dual role neuropeptides, e.g., Substance P (SP). The regulation of the local immunological profile (e.g., CRH/CRHRs), dysfunctions of enteroprotective role of NPs on epithelial cells (e.g., NT/NT-R), as well as structural-functional changes in enteric nervous system innervation of the tumor are also important. More research is needed to understand the exact mechanisms of communication between the neurons and tumor cells. The knowledge on the mechanisms regulating tumor growth and different stages of metastasis, as well as effects of the action of a numerous group of Nts/NPs/Ntt as growth factors, have implications for future therapeutic strategies. To obtain the best treatment outcomes, it is important to use signaling pathways common for many NPs, as well to develop a range of broad-spectrum antagonists. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the importance of neuroactive molecules in the promotion of the invasion-metastasis cascade in CRC, as well as the improvements of clinical management of CRC liver metastasis.
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The Neuropeptide System and Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases: Mechanisms and Management. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103494. [PMID: 32429087 PMCID: PMC7279011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), classified as the third most prevalent cancer worldwide, remains to be a clinical and research challenge. It is estimated that ~50% of CRC patients die from distant metastases, with treatment of this complication still posing significant difficulties. While liver metastasis (LM) cascade is known in the literature, its mechanisms are still unclear and remain studied in different research models. A connection is suggested between nervous system dysfunctions and a range of Neurotransmitters (Nts) (including Neuropeptides, NPs), Neurotrophins (Ntt) and their receptors (Rs) in CRC liver metastasis development. Studies on the role of NP/NP-Rs in the progression and metastasis of CRC, show the complexity of brain–tumor interactions, caused by their different forms of release to the extracellular environment (endocrine, autocrine, paracrine and neurocrine). Many stages of LM are connected to the activity of pro-inflammatory, e.g., Corticotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor 1 (CRHR1), Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and Neurotensin (NT), anti-inflammatory, e.g., Calcitonin Gene-related Peptide (CGRP), CRHR2 and Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (VIP) or dual role neuropeptides, e.g., Substance P (SP). The regulation of the local immunological profile (e.g., CRH/CRHRs), dysfunctions of enteroprotective role of NPs on epithelial cells (e.g., NT/NT-R), as well as structural-functional changes in enteric nervous system innervation of the tumor are also important. More research is needed to understand the exact mechanisms of communication between the neurons and tumor cells. The knowledge on the mechanisms regulating tumor growth and different stages of metastasis, as well as effects of the action of a numerous group of Nts/NPs/Ntt as growth factors, have implications for future therapeutic strategies. To obtain the best treatment outcomes, it is important to use signaling pathways common for many NPs, as well to develop a range of broad-spectrum antagonists. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the importance of neuroactive molecules in the promotion of the invasion-metastasis cascade in CRC, as well as the improvements of clinical management of CRC liver metastasis.
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8
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Brunetti J, Riolo G, Depau L, Mandarini E, Bernini A, Karousou E, Passi A, Pini A, Bracci L, Falciani C. Unraveling Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Binding Motif for Cancer Cell Selectivity. Front Oncol 2019; 9:843. [PMID: 31620357 PMCID: PMC6759624 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) regulate cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation and are therefore considered key players in cancer cell development processes. Here, we used the NT4 peptide to investigate how the sulfation pattern of HSPG on cells drives binding specificity. NT4 is a branched peptide that binds the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains of HSPG. It has already been shown to inhibit growth factor-induced migration and invasiveness of cancer cells, implying antagonist binding of HSPG. The binding affinity of NT4 with recombinant HSPG showed that NT4 bound glypican-3 and -4 and, with lower affinity, syndecan-4. NT4 binding to the cancer cell membrane was inversely correlated with sulfatase expression. NT4 binding was higher in cell lines with lower expression of SULF-1 and SULF-2, which confirms the determinant role of sulfate groups for recognition by NT4. Using 8-mer and 9-mer heparan sulfate (HS) oligosaccharides with analog disaccharide composition and different sulfation sites, a possible recognition motif was identified that includes repeated 6-O-sulfates alternating with N- and/or 2-O-sulfates. Molecular modeling provided a fully descriptive picture of binding architecture, showing that sulfate groups on opposite sides of the oligosaccharide can interact with positive residues on two peptide sequences of the branched structure, thus favoring multivalent binding and explaining the high affinity and selectivity of NT4 for highly sulfated GAGs. NT4 and possibly newly selected branched peptides will be essential probes for reconstructing and unraveling binding sites for cancer-involved ligands on GAGs and will pave the way for new cancer detection and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jlenia Brunetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Riolo
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Depau
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Bernini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Evgenia Karousou
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Luisa Bracci
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Falciani
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Das M, Huang L. Liposomal Nanostructures for Drug Delivery in Gastrointestinal Cancers. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 370:647-656. [PMID: 30541917 PMCID: PMC6812858 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.254797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers like liver, pancreatic, colorectal, and gastric cancer remain some of the most difficult and aggressive cancers. Nanoparticles like liposomes had been approved in the clinic for cancer therapy dating as far back as 1995. Over the years, liposomal formulations have come a long way, facing several roadblocks and failures, and advancing by optimizing formulations and incorporating novel design approaches to navigate therapeutic delivery challenges. The first liposomal formulation for a GI cancer drug was approved recently in 2015, setting the stage for further clinical developments of liposome-based delivery systems for therapies against GI malignancies. This article reviews the design considerations and strategies that can be used to deliver drugs to GI tumors, the wide range of therapeutic agents that have been explored in preclinical as well as clinical studies, and the current therapies that are being investigated in the clinic against GI malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisit Das
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Leaf Huang
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Trucillo P, Campardelli R, Reverchon E. A versatile supercritical assisted process for the one-shot production of liposomes. J Supercrit Fluids 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Nikolaou S, Qiu S, Fiorentino F, Rasheed S, Tekkis P, Kontovounisios C. The prognostic and therapeutic role of hormones in colorectal cancer: a review. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 46:1477-1486. [PMID: 30535551 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the commonest cancers in Western society with a poor prognosis in patients with advanced disease. Targeted therapy is of increasing interest and already, targeted hormone treatment for breast and prostate cancer has improved survival. The aim of this literature review is to summarise the role of hormones in CRC prognosis and treatment. A literature review of all human and animal in vivo and in vitro studies in the last 20 years, which assessed the role of hormones in CRC treatment or prognosis, was carried out. The hormones described in this review have been subdivided according to their secretion origin. Most of the studies are based on in vitro or animal models. The main findings point to adipokines, insulin and the insulin growth factor axis as key players in the link between obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and a subset of CRC. Gut-derived hormones, especially uroguanylin and guanylin are being increasingly investigated as therapeutic targets, with promising results. Using hormones as prognostic and therapeutic markers in CRC is still in the preliminary stages for only a fraction of the hormones affecting the GIT. In light of the increasing interest in tailoring treatment strategies, hormones are an important area of focus in the future of CRC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Nikolaou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK. .,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK. .,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK. .,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Royal Marsden Hospital, Fulham Road & Chelsea and Westminster Campus, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK.
| | - Shengyang Qiu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | - Shahnawaz Rasheed
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Paris Tekkis
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Christos Kontovounisios
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
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Brunetti J, Falciani C, Bracci L, Pini A. Branched peptides as bioactive molecules for drug design. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jlenia Brunetti
- Department of Medical BiotechnologiesUniversity of Siena Siena Italy
| | - Chiara Falciani
- Department of Medical BiotechnologiesUniversity of Siena Siena Italy
| | - Luisa Bracci
- Department of Medical BiotechnologiesUniversity of Siena Siena Italy
| | - Alessandro Pini
- Department of Medical BiotechnologiesUniversity of Siena Siena Italy
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Abstract
There is a growing interest for the discovery of new cancer-targeted delivery systems for drug delivery and diagnosis. A synopsis of the bibliographic data will be presented on bombesin, neurotensin, octreotide, Arg-Gly-Asp, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and other peptides. Many of them have reached the clinics for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes, and have been utilized as carriers of known cytotoxic agents such as doxorubicin, paclitaxel, cisplatin, methotrexate or dyes and radioisotopes. In our article, recent advances in the development of peptides as carriers of cytotoxic drugs or radiometals will be analyzed.
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14
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Brunetti J, Riolo G, Gentile M, Bernini A, Paccagnini E, Falciani C, Lozzi L, Scali S, Depau L, Pini A, Lupetti P, Bracci L. Near-infrared quantum dots labelled with a tumor selective tetrabranched peptide for in vivo imaging. J Nanobiotechnology 2018; 16:21. [PMID: 29501065 PMCID: PMC5834876 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-018-0346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Near-infrared quantum dots (NIR QDs) are a new class of fluorescent labels with excellent bioimaging features, such as high fluorescence intensity, good fluorescence stability, sufficient electron density, and strong tissue-penetrating ability. For all such features, NIR QDs have great potential for early cancer diagnosis, in vivo tumor imaging and high resolution electron microscopy studies on cancer cells. Results In the present study we constructed NIR QDs functionalized with the NT4 cancer-selective tetrabranched peptides (NT4-QDs). We observed specific uptake of NT4-QDs in human cancer cells in in vitro experiments and a much higher selective accumulation and retention of targeted QDs at the tumor site, compared to not targeted QDs, in a colon cancer mouse model. Conclusions NIR QDs labelled with the tetrabranched NT4 peptide have very promising performance for selective addressing of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, proving rising features of NT4-QDs as theranostics. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12951-018-0346-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jlenia Brunetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy.
| | - Giulia Riolo
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Bernini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Falciani
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Luisa Lozzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Scali
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Depau
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Pietro Lupetti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Luisa Bracci
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
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15
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Tumor target amplification: Implications for nano drug delivery systems. J Control Release 2018; 275:142-161. [PMID: 29454742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tumor cells overexpress surface markers which are absent from normal cells. These tumor-restricted antigenic signatures are a fundamental basis for distinguishing on-target from off-target cells for ligand-directed targeting of cancer cells. Unfortunately, tumor heterogeneity impedes the establishment of a solid expression pattern for a given target marker, leading to drastic changes in quality (availability) and quantity (number) of the target. Consequently, a subset of cancer cells remains untargeted during the course of treatment, which subsequently promotes drug-resistance and cancer relapse. Since target inefficiency is only problematic for cancer treatment and not for treatment of other pathological conditions such as viral/bacterial infections, target amplification or the generation of novel targets is key to providing eligible antigenic markers for effective targeted therapy. This review summarizes the limitations of current ligand-directed targeting strategies and provides a comprehensive overview of tumor target amplification strategies, including self-amplifying systems, dual targeting, artificial markers and peptide modification. We also discuss the therapeutic and diagnostic potential of these approaches, the underlying mechanism(s) and established methodologies, mostly in the context of different nanodelivery systems, to facilitate more effective ligand-directed cancer cell monitoring and targeting.
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16
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Neurotensin receptor 1 facilitates intracellular and transepithelial delivery of macromolecules. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2017; 119:300-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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17
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Coupling to a cancer-selective heparan-sulfate-targeted branched peptide can by-pass breast cancer cell resistance to methotrexate. Oncotarget 2017; 8:76141-76152. [PMID: 29100299 PMCID: PMC5652693 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-selective tetra-branched peptides, named NT4, can be coupled to different functional units for cancer cell imaging or therapy. NT4 peptides specifically bind to lipoprotein receptor-related proteins (LRP) receptors and to heparan sulfate chains on membrane proteoglycans and can be efficiently internalized by cancer cells expressing these membrane targets. Since binding and internalization of NT4 peptides is mediated by specific NT4 receptors on cancer cell membranes and this may allow drug resistance produced by drug membrane transporters to be by-passed, we tested the ability of drug-armed NT4 to by-pass drug resistance in cancer cell lines. We found that MTX-conjugated NT4 allows drug resistance to be by-passed in MTX-resistant human breast cancer cells lacking expression of folate reduced carrier. NT4 peptides appear to be extremely promising cancer-selective targeting agents that can be exploited as theranostics in personalized oncological applications.
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18
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A Review of the Role of Neurotensin and Its Receptors in Colorectal Cancer. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2017; 2017:6456257. [PMID: 28316623 PMCID: PMC5339424 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6456257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotensin (NTS) is a physiologically occurring hormone which affects the function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In recent years, NTS, acting through its cellular receptors (NTSR), has been implicated in the carcinogenesis of several cancers. In colorectal cancer (CRC), a significant body of evidence, from in vitro and in vivo studies, is available which elucidates the molecular biology of NTS/NTSR signalling and the resultant growth of CRC cells. There is growing clinical data from human studies which corroborate the role NTS/NTSR plays in the development of human CRC. Furthermore, blockade and modulation of the NTS/NTSR signalling pathways appears to reduce CRC growth in cell cultures and animal studies. Lastly, NTS/NTSR also shows potential of being utilised as a diagnostic biomarker for cancers as well as targets for functional imaging. We summarise the existing evidence and understanding of the role of NTS and its receptors in CRC.
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19
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Ringhieri P, Mannucci S, Conti G, Nicolato E, Fracasso G, Marzola P, Morelli G, Accardo A. Liposomes derivatized with multimeric copies of KCCYSL peptide as targeting agents for HER-2-overexpressing tumor cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:501-514. [PMID: 28144135 PMCID: PMC5245980 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s113607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed liposomes, obtained by coaggregation of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and of the synthetic monomer containing a gadolinium complex ([C18]2DTPA[Gd]) have been prepared. Liposomes externally decorated with KCCYSL (P6.1 peptide) sequence in its monomeric, dimeric, and tetrameric forms are studied as target-selective delivery systems toward cancer cells overexpressing human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) receptors. Derivatization of liposomal surface with targeting peptides is achieved using the postmodification method: the alkyne-peptide derivative Pra-KCCYSL reacts, through click chemistry procedures, with a synthetic surfactant modified with 1, 2, or 4 azido moieties previously inserted in liposome formulation. Preliminary in vitro data on MDA-MB-231 and BT-474 cells indicated that liposomes functionalized with P6.1 peptide in its tetrameric form had better binding to and uptake into BT-474 cells compared to liposomes decorated with monomeric or dimeric versions of the P6.1 peptide. BT-474 cells treated with liposomes functionalized with the tetrameric form of P6.1 showed high degree of liposome uptake, which was comparable with the uptake of anti-HER-2 antibodies such as Herceptin. Moreover, magnetic MRI experiments have demonstrated the potential of liposomes to act as MRI contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ringhieri
- Department of Pharmacy and Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli
| | | | - Giamaica Conti
- Department of Neurological Biomedical and Movement Sciences
| | - Elena Nicolato
- Department of Neurological Biomedical and Movement Sciences
| | | | | | - Giancarlo Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli
| | - Antonella Accardo
- Department of Pharmacy and Interuniversity Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli
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20
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Liu Y, Xia X, Wang Y, Li X, Zhou G, Liang H, Feng G, Zheng C. Screening and identification of a specific peptide for targeting hypoxic hepatoma cells. Mol Cell Probes 2016; 30:246-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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21
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Insights into the role of sulfated glycans in cancer cell adhesion and migration through use of branched peptide probe. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27174. [PMID: 27255651 PMCID: PMC4891694 DOI: 10.1038/srep27174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tetra-branched peptide NT4 selectively binds to different human cancer cells and tissues. NT4 specifically binds to sulfated glycosaminoglycans on cancer cell membranes. Since sulfated glycosaminoglycans are involved in cancer cell interaction with the extracellular matrix, we evaluated the effect of NT4 on cancer cell adhesion and migration. We demonstrated here that the branched peptide NT4 binds sulfated glycosaminoglycans with high affinity and with preferential binding to heparan sulfate. NT4 inhibits cancer cell adhesion and migration on different proteins, without modifying cancer cell morphology or their ability to produce protrusions, but dramatically affecting the directionality and polarity of cell movement. Results obtained by taking advantage of the selective targeting of glycosaminoglycans chains by NT4, provide insights into the role of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in cancer cell adhesion and migration and suggest a determinant role of sulfated glycosaminoglycans in the control of cancer cell directional migration.
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22
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Tumor-selective peptide-carrier delivery of Paclitaxel increases in vivo activity of the drug. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17736. [PMID: 26626158 PMCID: PMC4667195 DOI: 10.1038/srep17736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxanes are highly effective chemotherapeutic drugs against proliferating cancer and an established option in the standard treatment of ovarian and breast cancer. However, treatment with paclitaxel is associated with severe side effects, including sensory axonal neuropathy, and its poor solubility in water complicates its formulation. In this paper we report the in vitro and in vivo activity of a new form of paclitaxel, modified for conjugation with a tumor-selective tetrabranched peptide carrier (NT4). NT4 selectively targets tumor cells by binding to membrane sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and to endocytic receptors, like LRP1 and LRP6, which are established tumor markers. Biological activity of NT4-paclitaxel was tested in vitro on MDA-MB 231 and SKOV-3 cell lines, representing breast and ovarian cancer, respectively, and in vivo in an orthotopic mouse model of human breast cancer. Using in vivo bioluminescence imaging, we found that conjugation of paclitaxel with the NT4 peptide led to increased therapeutic activity of the drug in vivo. NT4-paclitaxel induced tumor regression, whereas treatment with unconjugated paclitaxel only produced a reduction in tumor growth. Moreover, unlike paclitaxel, NT4-paclitaxel is very hydrophilic, which may improve its pharmacokinetic profile and allow the use of less toxic dilution buffers, further decreasing its general chemotherapic toxicity.
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23
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Accardo A, Morelli G. Review peptide-targeted liposomes for selective drug delivery: Advantages and problematic issues. Biopolymers 2015; 104:462-79. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Accardo
- Department of Pharmacy; CIRPeB, University of Naples “Federico II” and Invectors srl; 80134 Napoli Italy
| | - Giancarlo Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy; CIRPeB, University of Naples “Federico II” and Invectors srl; 80134 Napoli Italy
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24
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Target selective micelles for bombesin receptors incorporating Au(III)-dithiocarbamato complexes. Int J Pharm 2014; 473:194-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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25
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Accardo A, Aloj L, Aurilio M, Morelli G, Tesauro D. Receptor binding peptides for target-selective delivery of nanoparticles encapsulated drugs. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:1537-57. [PMID: 24741304 PMCID: PMC3970945 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s53593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Active targeting by means of drug encapsulated nanoparticles decorated with targeting bioactive moieties represents the next frontier in drug delivery; it reduces drug side effects and increases the therapeutic index. Peptides, based on their chemical and biological properties, could have a prevalent role to direct drug encapsulated nanoparticles, such as liposomes, micelles, or hard nanoparticles, toward the tumor tissues. A considerable number of molecular targets for peptides are either exclusively expressed or overexpressed on both cancer vasculature and cancer cells. They can be classified into three wide categories: integrins; growth factor receptors (GFRs); and G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Therapeutic agents based on nanovectors decorated with peptides targeting membrane receptors belonging to the GPCR family overexpressed by cancer cells are reviewed in this article. The most studied targeting membrane receptors are considered: somatostatin receptors; cholecystokinin receptors; receptors associated with the Bombesin like peptides family; luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone receptors; and neurotensin receptors. Nanovectors of different sizes and shapes (micelles, liposomes, or hard nanoparticles) loaded with doxorubicin or other cytotoxic drugs and externally functionalized with natural or synthetic peptides are able to target the overexpressed receptors and are described based on their formulation and in vitro and in vivo behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Accardo
- Centro interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi (CIRPeB), Department of Pharmacy and Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini -Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBB CNR), University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Luigi Aloj
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Michela Aurilio
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Fondazione "G. Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Morelli
- Centro interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi (CIRPeB), Department of Pharmacy and Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini -Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBB CNR), University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
| | - Diego Tesauro
- Centro interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi (CIRPeB), Department of Pharmacy and Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini -Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBB CNR), University of Naples "Federico II", Napoli, Italy
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26
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Falciani C, Lozzi L, Scali S, Brunetti J, Bracci L, Pini A. Site-specific pegylation of an antimicrobial peptide increases resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase. Amino Acids 2014; 46:1403-7. [PMID: 24510250 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1686-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
M33 is a branched peptide currently under preclinical characterization for the development of a new antibacterial drug against gram-negative bacteria. Here, we report its pegylation at the C-terminus of the three-lysine-branching core and the resulting increase in stability to Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase. This protease is a virulence factor that acts by destroying peptides of the native immune system. Peptide resistance to this protease is an important feature for M33-Peg activity against Pseudomonas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Falciani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Siena, Siena, Italy
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27
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Minervini A, Siena G, Falciani C, Carini M, Bracci L. Branched peptides as novel tumor-targeting agents for bladder cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 12:699-701. [DOI: 10.1586/era.12.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Peptide-mediated liposomal Doxorubicin enhances drug delivery efficiency and therapeutic efficacy in animal models. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83239. [PMID: 24386166 PMCID: PMC3873925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer ranks among the most common malignancies, and is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Chemotherapy for lung cancer can be made more specific to tumor cells, and less toxic to normal tissues, through the use of ligand-mediated drug delivery systems. In this study, we investigated the targeting mechanism of the ligand-mediated drug delivery system using a peptide, SP5-2, which specifically binds to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Conjugation of SP5-2 to liposomes enhanced the amount of drug delivered directly into NSCLC cells, through receptor-mediated endocytosis. Functional SP5-2 improved the therapeutic index of Lipo-Dox by enhancing therapeutic efficacy, reducing side effects, and increasing the survival rate of tumor-bearing mice in syngenic, metastatic and orthotopic animal models. Accumulation of SP5-2-conjugated liposomal doxorubicin (SP5-2-LD) in tumor tissues was 11.2-fold higher than that of free doxorubicin, and the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-72 hours) was increased 159.2-fold. Furthermore, the experiment of bioavailability was assessed to confirm that SP5-2 elevates the uptake of the liposomal drugs by the tumor cells in vivo. In conclusion, the use of SP5-2-conjugated liposomes enhances pharmacokinetic properties, improves efficacy and safety profiles, and allows for controlled biodistribution and drug release.
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29
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Falciani C, Brunetti J, Lelli B, Ravenni N, Lozzi L, Depau L, Scali S, Bernini A, Pini A, Bracci L. Cancer Selectivity of Tetrabranched Neurotensin Peptides Is Generated by Simultaneous Binding to Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans and Protein Receptors. J Med Chem 2013; 56:5009-18. [DOI: 10.1021/jm400329p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Falciani
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena,
Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena,
Italy
| | - Jlenia Brunetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena,
Italy
| | - Barbara Lelli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena,
Italy
| | - Niccolò Ravenni
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena,
Italy
| | - Luisa Lozzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena,
Italy
| | - Lorenzo Depau
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena,
Italy
| | - Silvia Scali
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena,
Italy
| | - Andrea Bernini
- Department of Biotechnology,
Chemistry, and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Pini
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena,
Italy
| | - Luisa Bracci
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena,
Italy
- Istituto Toscano Tumori (ITT), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena,
Italy
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30
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Zhang JX, Wang K, Mao ZF, Fan X, Jiang DL, Chen M, Cui L, Sun K, Dang SC. Application of liposomes in drug development--focus on gastroenterological targets. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:1325-34. [PMID: 23630417 PMCID: PMC3623572 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s42153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, liposomes became a focal point in developing drug delivery systems. New liposomes, with novel lipid molecules or conjugates, and new formulations opened possibilities for safely and efficiently treating many diseases including cancers. New types of liposomes can prolong circulation time or specifically deliver drugs to therapeutic targets. This article concentrates on current developments in liposome based drug delivery systems for treating diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. We will review different types and uses of liposomes in the development of therapeutics for gastrointestinal diseases including inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Fa Mao
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - De-Li Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Cui
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Chun Dang
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
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31
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Falciani C, Brunetti J, Lelli B, Accardo A, Tesauro D, Morelli G, Bracci L. Nanoparticles exposing neurotensin tumor-specific drivers. J Pept Sci 2013; 19:198-204. [PMID: 23436714 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles have attracted much attention for their potential application as in vivo carriers of drugs. Labeling of nanoparticles with bioactive markers that are able to direct them toward specific biological target receptors has led to a new generation of drug delivery systems. In particular, low molecular weight peptides that remain stable in vivo could be promising tools to selectively drive nanoparticles loaded with active components to tumor cells. We reported, recently, that tetrabranched neurotensin peptides (NT4) may be used to selectively target tumor cells with liposomes. Liposomes functionalized with tetrabranched neurotensin peptide, NT4, and loaded with doxorubicin showed clear advantages in cell binding, anthracyclin internalization, and cytotoxicity in respect of not functionalized liposomes. In this study, we compare branched (NT4) versus linear (NT) peptides in the ability to drive liposomes to target cells and deliver their toxic cargo. We showed here that the more densely decorated liposomes had a better activity profile in terms of drug delivery. Presentation of peptides to the cell membranes in the grouped shape provided by branched structure facilitates liposome cell binding and fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Falciani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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32
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Accardo A, Ringhieri P, Tesauro D, Morelli G. Liposomes derivatized with tetrabranched neurotensin peptides via click chemistry reactions. NEW J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3nj00596h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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33
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Rangger C, Helbok A, von Guggenberg E, Sosabowski J, Radolf T, Prassl R, Andreae F, Thurner GC, Haubner R, Decristoforo C. Influence of PEGylation and RGD loading on the targeting properties of radiolabeled liposomal nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:5889-900. [PMID: 23226020 PMCID: PMC3512544 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s36847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Liposomes have been proposed to be a means of selectively targeting cancer sites for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The focus of this work was the evaluation of radiolabeled PEGylated liposomes derivatized with varying amounts of a cyclic arginyl–glycyl–aspartic acid (RGD) peptide. RGD peptides are known to bind to αvβ3 integrin receptors overexpressed during tumor-induced angiogenesis. Methods Several liposomal nanoparticles carrying the RGD peptide targeting sequence (RLPs) were synthesized using a combination of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, cholesterol, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-derivatized lipids for radiolabeling, a polyethylene glycol (PEG) building block, and a lipid-based RGD building block. Relative amounts of RGD and PEG building blocks were varied. In vitro binding affinities were determined using isolated αvβ3 integrin receptors incubated with different concentrations of RLPs in competition with iodine-125-labeled cyclo-(-RGDyV-). Binding of the indium-111-labeled RLPs was also evaluated. Biodistribution and micro single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography imaging studies were performed in nude mice using different tumor xenograft models. Results RLPs were labeled with indium-111 with high radiochemical yields. In vitro binding studies of RLPs with different RGD/PEG loading revealed good binding to isolated receptors, which was dependent on the extent of RGD and PEG loading. Binding increased with higher RGD loading, whereas reduced binding was found with higher PEG loading. Biodistribution showed increased circulating time for PEGylated RLPs, but no dependence on RGD loading. Both biodistribution and micro single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography imaging studies revealed low, nonspecific tumor uptake values. Conclusion In this study, RLPs for targeting angiogenesis were described. Even though good binding to αvβ3 integrin receptors was found in vitro, the balance between PEGylation and RGD loading clearly requires optimization to achieve targeting in vivo. These data form the basis for future development and provide a platform for the investigation of multimodal approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Rangger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria
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Pearce TR, Shroff K, Kokkoli E. Peptide targeted lipid nanoparticles for anticancer drug delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2012; 24:3803-22, 3710. [PMID: 22674563 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201200832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Encapsulating anticancer drugs in nanoparticles has proven to be an effective mechanism to alter the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of the drugs, leading to clinically useful cancer therapeutics like Doxil and DaunoXome. Underdeveloped tumor vasculature and lymphatics allow these first-generation nanoparticles to passively accumulate within the tumor, but work to create the next-generation nanoparticles that actively participate in the tumor targeting process is underway. Lipid nanoparticles functionalized with targeting peptides are among the most often studied. The goal of this article is to review the recently published literature of targeted nanoparticles to highlight successful designs that improved in vivo tumor therapy, and to discuss the current challenges of designing these nanoparticles for effective in vivo performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Pearce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Global financial challenge: opportunities for strengthening R&D research in targeted drug delivery. Future Med Chem 2012; 4:1-5. [PMID: 22168158 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.11.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Bhattacharyya S, Gonzalez M, Robertson JD, Bhattacharya R, Mukherjee P. A simple synthesis of a targeted drug delivery system with enhanced cytotoxicity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:8530-2. [PMID: 21717027 PMCID: PMC3324332 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12902c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple synthesis of a targeted drug delivery system with enhanced cytotoxicity to (epidermal growth factor receptor) EGFR(+) cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Bhattacharyya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Maria Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - J. David Robertson
- Department of Chemistry and University of Missouri Research Reactor, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Priyabrata Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
- Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
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Hayashi R, Tanoue K, Durell SR, Chatterjee DK, Jenkins LMM, Appella DH, Appella E. Optimization of a cyclic peptide inhibitor of Ser/Thr phosphatase PPM1D (Wip1). Biochemistry 2011; 50:4537-49. [PMID: 21528848 DOI: 10.1021/bi101949t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PPM1D (PP2Cδ or Wip1) was identified as a wild-type p53-induced Ser/Thr phosphatase that accumulates after DNA damage and classified into the PP2C family. It dephosphorylates and inactivates several proteins critical for cellular stress responses, including p38 MAPK, p53, and ATM. Furthermore, PPM1D is amplified and/or overexpressed in a number of human cancers. Thus, inhibition of its activity could constitute an important new strategy for therapeutic intervention to halt the progression of several different cancers. Previously, we reported the development of a cyclic thioether peptide with low micromolar inhibitory activity toward PPM1D. Here, we describe important improvements in the inhibitory activity of this class of cyclic peptides and also present a binding model based upon the results. We found that specific interaction of an aromatic ring at the X1 position and negative charge at the X5 and X6 positions significantly increased the inhibitory activity of the cyclic peptide, with the optimized molecule having a K(i) of 110 nM. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the highest inhibitory activity reported for an inhibitor of PPM1D. We further developed an inhibitor selective for PPM1D over PPM1A with a K(i) of 2.9 μM. Optimization of the cyclic peptide and mutagenesis experiments suggest that a highly basic loop unique to PPM1D is related to substrate specificity. We propose a new model for the catalytic site of PPM1D and inhibition by the cyclic peptides that will be useful both for the subsequent design of PPM1D inhibitors and for identification of new substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hayashi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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