1
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Yu Y, Song Y, Zhao Y, Wang N, Wei B, Linhardt RJ, Dordick JS, Zhang F, Wang H. Quality control, safety assessment and preparation approaches of low molecular weight heparin. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 339:122216. [PMID: 38823901 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Low Molecular Weight Heparins (LMWHs) are well-established for use in the prevention and treatment of thrombotic diseases, and as a substitute for unfractionated heparin (UFH) due to their predictable pharmacokinetics and subcutaneous bioavailability. LMWHs are produced by various depolymerization methods from UFH, resulting in heterogeneous compounds with similar biochemical and pharmacological properties. However, the delicate supply chain of UFH and potential contamination from animal sources require new manufacturing approaches for LMWHs. Various LMWH preparation methods are emerging, such as chemical synthesis, enzymatic or chemical depolymerization and chemoenzymatic synthesis. To establish the sameness of active ingredients in both innovator and generic LMWH products, the Food and Drug Administration has implemented a stringent scientific method of equivalence based on physicochemical properties, heparin source material and depolymerization techniques, disaccharide composition and oligosaccharide mapping, biological and biochemical properties, and in vivo pharmacodynamic profiles. In this review, we discuss currently available LMWHs, potential manufacturing methods, and recent progress for manufacturing quality control of these LMWHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlei Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center for Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center for Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunjie Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center for Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014 Hangzhou, China
| | - Ningning Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center for Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014 Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center for Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014 Hangzhou, China; Binjiang Cyberspace Security Institute of ZJUT, Hangzhou 310056, China
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States
| | - Jonathan S Dordick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, United States.
| | - Hong Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science & Collaborative Innovation Center for Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014 Hangzhou, China; Binjiang Cyberspace Security Institute of ZJUT, Hangzhou 310056, China.
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2
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Zhao S, Zhang T, Kan Y, Li H, Li JP. Overview of the current procedures in synthesis of heparin saccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 339:122220. [PMID: 38823902 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Natural heparin, a glycosaminoglycan consisting of repeating hexuronic acid and glucosamine linked by 1 → 4 glycosidic bonds, is the most widely used anticoagulant. To subvert the dependence on animal sourced heparin, alternative methods to produce heparin saccharides, i.e., either heterogenous sugar chains similar to natural heparin, or structurally defined oligosaccharides, are becoming hot subjects. Although the success by chemical synthesis of the pentasaccharide, fondaparinux, encourages to proceed through a chemical approach generating homogenous product, synthesizing larger oligos is still cumbersome and beyond reach so far. Alternatively, the chemoenzymatic pathway exhibited exquisite stereoselectivity of glycosylation and regioselectivity of modification, with the advantage to skip the tedious protection steps unavoidable in chemical synthesis. However, to a scale of drug production needed today is still not in sight. In comparison, a procedure of de novo biosynthesis in an organism could be an ultimate goal. The main purpose of this review is to summarize the current available/developing strategies and techniques, which is expected to provide a comprehensive picture for production of heparin saccharides to replenish or eventually to replace the animal derived products. In chemical and chemoenzymatic approaches, the methodologies are discussed according to the synthesis procedures: building block preparation, chain elongation, and backbone modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siran Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China
| | - Tianji Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China.
| | - Ying Kan
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Division of Chemistry and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Chemical Metrology and Applications on Nutrition and Health for State Market Regulation, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Ping Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
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3
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Wang D, Wang K, Liu Q, Liu M, Zhang G, Feng K, Wang K, Ding X, Zhu H, Yang S, Liu Y, Li T, Gong P, Wang M, Wang PG, Jin H, Zhao W, Yu F. A Novel Drug Candidate for Sepsis Targeting Heparanase by Inhibiting Cytokine Storm. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2403337. [PMID: 38810101 PMCID: PMC11304236 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is an infection-triggered, rapidly progressive systemic inflammatory syndrome with a high mortality rate. Currently, there are no promising therapeutic strategies for managing this disease in the clinic. Heparanase plays a crucial role in the pathology of sepsis, and its inhibition can significantly relieve related symptoms. Here, a novel heparanase inhibitor CV122 is rationally designed and synthesized, and its therapeutic potential for sepsis with Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Cecal Ligation and Puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis mouse models are evaluated. It is found that CV122 potently inhibits heparanase activity in vitro, protects cell surface glycocalyx structure, and reduces the expression of adhesion molecules. In vivo, CV122 significantly reduces the systemic levels of proinflammatory cytokines, prevents organ damage, improves vitality, and efficiently protects mice from sepsis-induced death. Mechanistically, CV122 inhibits the activity of heparanase, reduces its expression in the lungs, and protects glycocalyx structure of lung tissue. It is also found that CV122 provides effective protection from organ damage and death caused by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) infection. These results suggest that CV122 is a potential drug candidate for sepsis therapy targeting heparanase by inhibiting cytokine storm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of TianjinNankai UniversityTongyan Road, Haihe Education ParkTianjin300350China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of TianjinNankai UniversityTongyan Road, Haihe Education ParkTianjin300350China
| | - Qiutong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of TianjinNankai UniversityTongyan Road, Haihe Education ParkTianjin300350China
| | - Mingyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of TianjinNankai UniversityTongyan Road, Haihe Education ParkTianjin300350China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of TianjinNankai UniversityTongyan Road, Haihe Education ParkTianjin300350China
| | - Ke Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of TianjinNankai UniversityTongyan Road, Haihe Education ParkTianjin300350China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of TianjinNankai UniversityTongyan Road, Haihe Education ParkTianjin300350China
| | - Xianwei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of TianjinNankai UniversityTongyan Road, Haihe Education ParkTianjin300350China
| | - Haomiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of TianjinNankai UniversityTongyan Road, Haihe Education ParkTianjin300350China
| | - Song Yang
- School of Health and Life SciencesQingdao Central HospitalUniversity of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdao266113China
| | - Yonghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of TianjinNankai UniversityTongyan Road, Haihe Education ParkTianjin300350China
| | - Tiehai Li
- Carbohydrate‐Based Drug Research CenterShanghai Institute of Materia MedicalChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201203China
| | - Peng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyWuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China
| | - Manli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyWuhan Institute of VirologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430071China
| | - Peng George Wang
- School of MedicineSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518000China
| | - Hongzhen Jin
- School of Health and Life SciencesQingdao Central HospitalUniversity of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdao266113China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollege of PharmacyKey Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of TianjinNankai UniversityTongyan Road, Haihe Education ParkTianjin300350China
| | - Fan Yu
- School of Health and Life SciencesQingdao Central HospitalUniversity of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdao266113China
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4
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Kennett A, Epple S, van der Valk G, Georgiou I, Gout E, Vivès RR, Russell AJ. Modified minimal-size fragments of heparan sulfate as inhibitors of endosulfatase-2 (Sulf-2). Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:436-439. [PMID: 38086706 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02565a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Sulf-2 has been identified as a putative target for anticancer therapies. Here we report the design and synthesis of sulfated disaccharide inhibitors based on IdoA(2S)-GlcNS(6S). Trisulfated disaccharide inhibitor IdoA(2S)-GlcNS(6Sulfamate) demonstrated potent Sulf-2 inhibition. The IC50 value was determined to be 39.8 μM ± 18.3, which is comparable to a tetrasaccharide inhibitor of HSulf-1 reported in the literature. We propose that the disaccharide IdoA(2S)-GlcNS(6S) is the shortest fragment size required for effective inhibition of the Sulfs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Kennett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Sven Epple
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | | | - Irene Georgiou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Evelyne Gout
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IBS, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Angela J Russell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
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5
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Liu W, Hu Z, Xu P, Yu B. Synthesis of Anticoagulant Pentasaccharide Fondaparinux via 3,5-Dimethyl-4-(2'-phenylethynylphenyl)phenyl Glycosides. Org Lett 2023; 25:8506-8510. [PMID: 37983186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Here, we disclosed a convenient procedure for the preparation of EPP [3,5-dimethyl-4-(2'-phenylethynylphenyl)phenyl] glycosides and their application to an effective synthesis of fondaparinux, the clinically approved anticoagulant heparin pentasaccharide. The use of EPP glycosides in the one-pot orthogonal glycosylation for the synthesis of heparin-like tetrasaccharides has also been achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhifei Hu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
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6
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Zhang L, Liu Y, Xu Z, Hao T, Wang PG, Zhao W, Li T. Design and Synthesis of Neutralizable Fondaparinux. JACS AU 2022; 2:2791-2799. [PMID: 36590263 PMCID: PMC9795572 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fondaparinux, a clinically approved anticoagulant pentasaccharide for the treatment of thrombotic diseases, displays better efficacy and biosafety than other heparin-based anticoagulant drugs. However, there is no suitable antidote available for fondaparinux to efficiently manage its potential bleeding risks, thereby precluding its widespread use. Herein, we describe a convergent and stereocontrolled approach to efficiently synthesize an aminopentyl-functionalized pentasaccharide, which is further used to prepare fondaparinux-based biotin conjugates and clusters. Biological activity evaluation demonstrates that the anticoagulant activity of the fondaparinux-based biotin conjugate and trimer is, respectively, neutralized by avidin and protamine as effective antidotes. This work suggests that our synthetic biotin conjugate and trimer have potential for the development of neutralizable and safe anticoagulant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangwei Zhang
- Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yating Liu
- Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School
of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University
of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhuojia Xu
- Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianhui Hao
- Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng George Wang
- School
of Medicine, Southern University of Science
and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- College
of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300353, China
| | - Tiehai Li
- Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School
of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University
of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory
of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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7
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Hu C, Wu S, He F, Cai D, Xu Z, Ma W, Liu Y, Wei B, Li T, Ding K. Convergent Synthesis and Anti-Pancreatic Cancer Cell Growth Activity of a Highly Branched Heptadecasaccharide from Carthamus tinctorius. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202554. [PMID: 35641432 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive polysaccharides from natural resources target various biological processes and are increasingly used as potential target molecules for drug development. However, the accessibility of branched and long complex polysaccharide active domains with well-defined structures remains a major challenge. Herein we describe an efficient first total synthesis of a highly branched heptadecasaccharide moiety of the native bioactive galectin-3-targeting polysaccharide from Carthamus tinctorius L. as well as shorter fragments of the heptadecasaccharide. The key feature of the approach is that a photo-assisted convergent [6+4+7] one-pot coupling strategy enables rapid assembly of the heptadecasaccharide, whereby a photoremovable o-nitrobenzyl protecting group is used to generate the corresponding acceptor for glycosylation in situ upon ultraviolet radiation. Biological activity tests suggest that the heptadecasaccharide can target galectin-3 and inhibit pancreatic cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyu Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shengjie Wu
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Fei He
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Deqin Cai
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhuojia Xu
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wenjing Ma
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yating Liu
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Bangguo Wei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tiehai Li
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kan Ding
- Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Zhongshan, 528400, China
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8
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Hu C, Wu S, He F, Cai D, Xu Z, Ma W, Liu Y, Wei B, Li T, Ding K. Convergent Synthesis and Anti‐Pancreatic Cancer Cell Growth Activity of a Highly Branched Heptadecasaccharide from Carthamus tinctorius. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyu Hu
- Fudan University Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Shengjie Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica CAS: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center CHINA
| | - Fei He
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica CAS: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center CHINA
| | - Deqin Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica CAS: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center CHINA
| | - Zhuojia Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica CAS: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center CHINA
| | - Wenjing Ma
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica CAS: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center CHINA
| | - Yating Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica CAS: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center CHINA
| | - Bangguo Wei
- Fudan University Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy CHINA
| | - Tiehai Li
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica CAS: Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Carbohydrate-Based Drug Research Center CHINA
| | - Kan Ding
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road 201203 Shanghai CHINA
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9
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Zhang G, Yang K, Wang L, Cheng Y, Liu C. Facile chemoenzymatic synthesis of unmodified anticoagulant ultra-low molecular weight heparin. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8323-8330. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01221a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A chemoenzymatic approach, mimicking the biosynthetic pathway of heparin and heparan sulfate (HS), has been well developed to prepare a series of structurally well-defined heparin oligosaccharides with excellent anticoagulant activity in good overall yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Kaihua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yanzhen Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
| | - Chunhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, PR China
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10
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Hazelard D, Compain P. Nucleophilic Ring‐Opening of 1,6‐Anhydrosugars: Recent Advances and Applications in Organic Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Hazelard
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA) Univ. de Strasbourg Univ. de Haute-Alsace CNRS (UMR 7042) Equipe de Synthèse Organique et Molécules Bioactives (SYBIO) ECPM 25 Rue Becquerel 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Philippe Compain
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications (LIMA) Univ. de Strasbourg Univ. de Haute-Alsace CNRS (UMR 7042) Equipe de Synthèse Organique et Molécules Bioactives (SYBIO) ECPM 25 Rue Becquerel 67000 Strasbourg France
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11
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Preparation of rare L-idose derivatives from D-glucofuranose via neighboring acyl group assistance. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Walke G, Kasdekar N, Sutar Y, Hotha S. Silver-assisted gold-catalyzed formal synthesis of the anticoagulant Fondaparinux pentasaccharide. Commun Chem 2021; 4:15. [PMID: 36697540 PMCID: PMC9814392 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00452-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinically approved anti-coagulant Fondaparinux is safe since it has zero contamination problems often associated with animal based heparins. Fondaparinux is a synthetic pentasaccharide based on the antithrombin-binding domain of Heparin sulfate and contains glucosamine, glucuronic acid and iduronic acid in its sequence. Here, we show the formal synthesis of Fondaparinux pentasaccharide by performing all glycosidations in a catalytic fashion for the first time to the best of our knowledge. Designer monosaccharides were synthesized avoiding harsh reaction conditions or reagents. Further, those were subjected to reciprocal donor-acceptor selectivity studies to guide [Au]/[Ag]-catalytic glycosidations for assembling the pentasaccharide in a highly convergent [3 + 2] or [3 + 1 + 1] manner. Catalytic and mild activation during glycosidations that produce desired glycosides exclusively, scalable route to the synthesis of unnatural and expensive iduronic acid, minimal number of steps and facile purifications, shared use of functionalized building blocks and excellent process efficiency are the salient features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulab Walke
- grid.417959.70000 0004 1764 2413Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, MH India
| | - Niteshlal Kasdekar
- grid.417959.70000 0004 1764 2413Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, MH India
| | - Yogesh Sutar
- grid.417959.70000 0004 1764 2413Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, MH India
| | - Srinivas Hotha
- grid.417959.70000 0004 1764 2413Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, MH India
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13
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Krumb M, Jäger M, Voss A, Immig L, Peters K, Kowalczyk D, Bufe A, Opatz T, Holst O, Vogel C, Peters M. Total Synthesis of a Partial Structure from Arabinogalactan and Its Application for Allergy Prevention. Chemistry 2021; 27:928-933. [PMID: 32579239 PMCID: PMC7821321 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202002287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Arabinogalactan, a microheterogeneous polysaccharide occurring in plants, is known for its allergy-protective activity, which could potentially be used for preventive allergy treatment. New treatment options are highly desirable, especially in a preventive manner, due to the constant rise of atopic diseases worldwide. The structural origin of the allergy-protective activity of arabinogalactan is, however, still unclear and isolation of the polysaccharide is not feasible for pharmaceutical applications due to a variation of the activity of the natural product and contaminations with endotoxins. Therefore, a pentasaccharide partial structure was selected for total synthesis and subsequently coupled to a carrier protein to form a neoglycoconjugate. The allergy-protective activity of arabinogalactan could be reproduced with the partial structure in subsequent in vivo experiments. This is the first example of a successful simplification of arabinogalactan with a single partial structure while retaining its allergy-preventive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Krumb
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-UniversityDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Maximilian Jäger
- Department of Experimental PneumologyRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Alice Voss
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of RostockAlbert-Einstein-Str. 3a18051RostockGermany
| | - Loreen Immig
- Department of Experimental PneumologyRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Karin Peters
- Department of Experimental PneumologyRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Danuta Kowalczyk
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-UniversityDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Albrecht Bufe
- Department of Experimental PneumologyRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Till Opatz
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg-UniversityDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Otto Holst
- Division of Structural BiochemistryResearch Center BorstelLeibniz Lung CenterAirway Research Center North (ARCN)Parkallee 1–4023845BorstelGermany
| | - Christian Vogel
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of RostockAlbert-Einstein-Str. 3a18051RostockGermany
| | - Marcus Peters
- Department of Experimental PneumologyRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
- Department of Molecular ImmunologyRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
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14
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Baytas SN, Linhardt RJ. Advances in the preparation and synthesis of heparin and related products. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:2095-2109. [PMID: 32947045 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Heparin is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan from livestock, principally porcine intestine, and is clinically used as an anticoagulant drug. A limitation to heparin production is that it depends on a single animal species and potential problems have been associated with animal-derived heparin. The contamination crisis in 2008 led to a search for new animal sources and the investigation of non-animal sources of heparin. Over the past 5 years, new animal sources, chemical, and chemoenzymatic methods have been introduced to prepare heparin-based drugs. In this review, we describe advances in the preparation and synthesis of heparin and related products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan N Baytas
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
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15
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Dey S, Lo HJ, Wong CH. Programmable One-Pot Synthesis of Heparin Pentasaccharide Fondaparinux. Org Lett 2020; 22:4638-4642. [PMID: 32496799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The clinically approved Fondaparinux (Arixtra) has been used for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis and acute pulmonary embolism since 2002 and is considered to be better than the low-molecular weight heparin in terms of anticoagulation response, duration of action, and biosafety. However, the synthetic methods previously developed for its manufacture are relatively complicated, thus restricting its extensive use. We report here a potentially scalable and programmable one-pot synthesis of Fondaparinux using the [1,2,2] strategy and designed thioglycosides with well-defined reactivity as building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Dey
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Hong-Jay Lo
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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16
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Zhao M, Qin C, Li L, Xie H, Ma B, Zhou Z, Yin J, Hu J. Conjugation of Synthetic Trisaccharide of Staphylococcus aureus Type 8 Capsular Polysaccharide Elicits Antibodies Recognizing Intact Bacterium. Front Chem 2020; 8:258. [PMID: 32411658 PMCID: PMC7199654 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of life-threatening diseases. One of the powerful approaches for prevention and treatment is to develop an efficient vaccine as antibiotic resistance greatly increases. S. aureus type 8 capsular polysaccharide (CP8) has shown great potential in vaccine development. An understanding of the immunogenicity of CP8 trisaccharide repeating unit is valuable for epitope-focused vaccine design and cost-efficient vaccine production. We report the chemical synthesis of conjugation-ready CP8 trisaccharide 1 bearing an amine linker, which effectively served for immunological evaluation. The trisaccharide 1-CRM197 conjugate elicited a robust immunoglobulin G (IgG) immune response in mice. Both serum antibodies and prepared monoclonal antibodies recognized S. aureus strain, demonstrating that synthetic trisaccharide 1 can be an efficient antigen for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chunjun Qin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lingxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Haotian Xie
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Beining Ma
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ziru Zhou
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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17
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Guo Z, Gao J. Efficient Strategy for α-Selective Glycosidation of d-Glucosamine and Its Application to the Synthesis of a Bacterial Capsular Polysaccharide Repeating Unit Containing Multiple α-Linked GlcNAc Residues. Org Lett 2020; 22:1520-1524. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Han Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Jian Gao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
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18
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Spadarella G, Di Minno A, Donati MB, Mormile M, Ventre I, Di Minno G. From unfractionated heparin to pentasaccharide: Paradigm of rigorous science growing in the understanding of the in vivo thrombin generation. Blood Rev 2020; 39:100613. [DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2019.100613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Dey S, Lo HJ, Wong CH. An Efficient Modular One-Pot Synthesis of Heparin-Based Anticoagulant Idraparinux. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10309-10314. [PMID: 31244187 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Idraparinux is a fully O-sulfated α-methyl glycoside of heparin pentasaccharide motif known to interact with the antithrombin III domain and act as anticoagulant. The current most effective synthesis of Idraparinux is complicated and nonstereoselective, requiring numerous stepwise procedures with low yields. We report here an efficient modular one-pot synthesis of Idraparinux involving the use of a glycosyl phosphate with 6- O- tert-butyl diphenyl silyl group and a d-glucuronic acid-containing disaccharide thioglycoside with 6- O-acetyl group as donor building blocks for the α-directing one-pot glycosylations with an l-iduronic acid-containing disaccharide acceptor building block. The uronic acid was incorporated in a disaccharide module used in the one-pot synthesis to avoid the complicated late-stage installation of these acidic sugars. The one-pot synthesis of Idraparinux demonstrated here is an effective strategy and should be applicable to the modular assembly of other heparan sulfates with regiodefined sulfation pattern for functional study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Dey
- Department of Chemistry , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Hong-Jay Lo
- Department of Chemistry , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry , Scripps Research , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States.,The Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , 128 Academia Road, Section 2 , Taipei 115 , Taiwan
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20
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Abstract
Fondaparinux (trade name Arixtra) is a safe and efficacious anticoagulant, and it is chemically related to low-molecular-weight heparins such as enoxaparin. Fondaparinux is a synthetic pentasaccharide, and its synthesis is difficult and expensive. The high cost of fondaparinux thwarts its extensive worldwide usage. Over the last two decades, several research groups and pharmaceutical companies have been interested in finding efficient and practical methods for its synthesis. The present review discusses those strategies and their pros and cons in a comparative account.
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21
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Subramani B, Shantamurthy CD, Maru P, Belekar MA, Mardhekar S, Shanmugam D, Kikkeri R. Demystifying a hexuronic acid ligand that recognizes Toxoplasma gondii and blocks its invasion into host cells. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4535-4542. [PMID: 30994681 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00744j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous eukaryotic pathogen responsible for toxoplasmosis in humans and animals. This parasite is an obligate intracellular pathogen and actively invades susceptible host cells, a process which is mediated by specific receptor-ligand interactions. Here, we have identified an unnatural 2,4-disulfated d-glucuronic acid (Di-S-GlcA), a hexuronic acid composed of heparin/heparan sulfate, as a potential carbohydrate ligand that can selectively bind to T. gondii parasites. More importantly, the gelatin conjugated Di-S-GlcA multivalent probe displayed strong inhibition of parasite entry into host cells. These results open perspective for the future use of Di-S-GlcA epitopes in biomedical applications against toxoplasmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan Subramani
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India.
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22
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Jin H, Chen Q, Zhang YY, Hao KF, Zhang GQ, Zhao W. Preactivation-based, iterative one-pot synthesis of anticoagulant pentasaccharide fondaparinux sodium. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00480g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A one-pot, three-component synthetic strategy was designed to rapidly assemble fondaparinux, using a monosaccharide donor and two disaccharide acceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhen Jin
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300353
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300353
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300353
- People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Feng Hao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300353
- People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Qiang Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300353
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology
- College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300353
- People's Republic of China
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23
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He H, Chen D, Li X, Li C, Zhao JH, Qin HB. Synthesis of trisaccharide repeating unit of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:2877-2882. [PMID: 30789160 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00057g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A synthesis of repeating unit of trisaccharide, complete stereoselectivity of glycosylation and flexible synthetic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing He
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- Kunming 650201
| | - Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- Kunming 650201
| | - Xiaomei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- Kunming 650201
| | - Chengji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- Kunming 650201
| | - Jin-Hua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- Kunming 650201
| | - Hong-Bo Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry
- Kunming 650201
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24
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Caputo HE, Straub JE, Grinstaff MW. Design, synthesis, and biomedical applications of synthetic sulphated polysaccharides. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2338-2365. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00593h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the synthetic methods to sulphated polysaccharides, describes their compositional and structural diversity in regards to activity, and showcases their biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Department of Chemistry
- Boston University
- Boston
- USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
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25
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Dey S, Wong CH. Programmable one-pot synthesis of heparin pentasaccharides enabling access to regiodefined sulfate derivatives. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6685-6691. [PMID: 30310602 PMCID: PMC6115620 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01743c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparin (H) and heparan sulfate (HS) belong to the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) family of oligosaccharides, and their sequences and sulfation patterns are known to regulate the functions of various proteins in biological processes. Among these, the 6-O-sulfation of HS/H contributes most significantly to the structural diversity and binding interactions. However, the synthesis of HS with defined sulfation patterns remains a major challenge. Herein, we report a highly efficient and programmable one-pot method for the synthesis of protected heparin pentasaccharides using thioglycoside building blocks with optimized relative reactivities to allow the selective deprotection and preparation of regiodefined sulfate derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Dey
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla 92037 , USA
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Department of Chemistry , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla 92037 , USA
- The Genomics Research Center , Academia Sinica , No. 128, Academia Road, Section 2 , Taipei , Taiwan .
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26
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Synthetic heparin and heparan sulfate: probes in defining biological functions. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2017; 40:152-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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27
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Ding Y, Vara Prasad CV, Bai H, Wang B. Efficient and practical synthesis of Fondaparinux. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:2424-2427. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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28
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Yu K, Bi N, Xiong C, Cai S, Long Z, Guo Z, Gu G. Synthesis of Defined and Functionalized Glycans of Lipoteichoic Acid: A Cell Surface Polysaccharide from Clostridium difficile. Org Lett 2017; 19:3123-3126. [PMID: 28548838 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Two structurally defined, functionalized glycans of lipoteichoic acid (LTA, also known as PS-III) from C. difficile, which have one or two repeating units of LTA linked to the core trisaccharide, were efficiently synthesized via a convergent [2 + 3] or [2 + 2 + 3] strategy. The α-linkage of both N-acetylglucosamine residues in the repeating unit were constructed with glycosyl imidates of azidosugars as donors, while the phosphodiester bridges between the oligosaccharides were fashioned using H-phosphonate chemistry. Both synthetic targets contained a 3-aminopropyl group at the core trisaccharide reducing end, facilitating their conjugation to other biomolecules to afford conjugates useful for various biological studies and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University , 27 Shanda Nan Lu, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Ningning Bi
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University , 27 Shanda Nan Lu, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chenghe Xiong
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University , 27 Shanda Nan Lu, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shuihong Cai
- Qidong Dongyue Pharmaceutical Company, 268 Shanghai Road, Qidong, Jiangsu 226200, China
| | - Zhongzhu Long
- Qidong Dongyue Pharmaceutical Company, 268 Shanghai Road, Qidong, Jiangsu 226200, China
| | - Zhongwu Guo
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University , 27 Shanda Nan Lu, Jinan 250100, China.,Department of Chemistry, University of Florida , 214 Leigh Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Guofeng Gu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University , 27 Shanda Nan Lu, Jinan 250100, China
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29
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An efficient anticoagulant candidate: Characterization, synthesis and in vivo study of a fondaparinux analogue Rrt1.17. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 126:1039-1055. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Łopatkiewicz G, Mlynarski J. Synthesis of l-Pyranosides by Hydroboration of Hex-5-enopyranosides Revisited. J Org Chem 2016; 81:7545-56. [PMID: 27504790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Extensive study of the diastereoselective synthesis of l-pyranosides utilizing hydroboration of substituted exo-glucals (5-enopyranosides) obtained from d-sugars is presented. On the basis of this study we present the empirical rules describing the reaction stereoselectivity and the correlation between the yield of the l-ido product and the size of protecting groups used. Application of these guidelines revealed that the hydroboration of methyl 2,3-O-methyl-6-deoxy-α-d-xylo-hex-5-enopyranoside resulted in exclusive formation of l-ido product with high yield. This method can be successfully applied to the synthesis of l-iduronic acid being an essential component of anticoagulant drugs with diastereoselectivity superior to previously published protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacek Mlynarski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University , Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
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31
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32
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Mende M, Bednarek C, Wawryszyn M, Sauter P, Biskup MB, Schepers U, Bräse S. Chemical Synthesis of Glycosaminoglycans. Chem Rev 2016; 116:8193-255. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mende
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christin Bednarek
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mirella Wawryszyn
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Paul Sauter
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Moritz B. Biskup
- Division
2—Informatics, Economics and Society, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Kaiserstraße 12, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ute Schepers
- Institute
of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bräse
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute
of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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33
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Dai X, Liu W, Zhou Q, Cheng C, Yang C, Wang S, Zhang M, Tang P, Song H, Zhang D, Qin Y. Formal Synthesis of Anticoagulant Drug Fondaparinux Sodium. J Org Chem 2015; 81:162-84. [PMID: 26650028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The practical formal synthesis of the anticoagulant drug fondaparinux sodium 1 was accomplished using an optimized modular synthetic strategy. The important pentasaccharide 2, a precursor for the synthesis of fondaparinux sodium, was synthesized on a 10 g scale in 14 collective steps with 3.5% overall yield from well-functionalized monosaccharide building blocks. The strategy involved a convergent [3 + 2] coupling approach, with excellent stereoselectivity in every step of glycosylation from the monosaccharide building blocks. Efficient routes to the syntheses of these fully functionalized building blocks were developed, minimizing oligosaccharide stage functional-group modifications. The syntheses of all building blocks avoided rigorous reaction conditions and the use of expensive reagents. In addition, common intermediates and a series of one-pot reactions were employed to enhance synthetic efficiency, improving the yield considerably. In the monosaccharide-to-oligosaccharide assembly reactions, cheaper activators (e.g., NIS/TfOH, TESOTf, and TfOH) were used to facilitate highly efficient glycosylations. Furthermore, crystallization of several monosaccharide and oligosaccharide intermediates significantly simplified purification procedures, which would be greatly beneficial to the scalable synthesis of fondaparinux sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Dai
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Qilong Zhou
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Chunwei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Shuqing Wang
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Pei Tang
- Innovative Drug Research Centre, Chongqing University , Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Hao Song
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of the Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University , Chengdu, 610041, China
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Mohamed S, Ferro V. Synthetic Approaches to L-Iduronic Acid and L-Idose: Key Building Blocks for the Preparation of Glycosaminoglycan Oligosaccharides. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2015; 72:21-61. [PMID: 26613814 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
L-Iduronic acid (IdoA) is an important monosaccharide component of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such as heparin, heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate. GAGs are complex, highly sulfated polysaccharides that mediate a multitude of physiological and pathological processes via their interactions with a range of diverse proteins. The main challenge in the synthesis of GAG oligosaccharides is the efficient gram-scale preparation of IdoA building blocks since neither IdoA nor L-idose is commercially available or readily accessible from natural sources. In this review, the different synthetic approaches for the preparation of IdoA and its derivatives, including L-idose, are presented and discussed. Derivatives of the latter are often used in GAG synthesis and are elaborated to IdoA via selective oxidation at C-6 after incorporation into a GAG chain. Particular focus will be given to the preparation of IdoA synthons most commonly used for GAG oligosaccharide synthesis, and on the progress made since the last systematic review in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifaza Mohamed
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Cao X, Lv Q, Li D, Ye H, Yan X, Yang X, Gan H, Zhao W, Jin L, Wang P, Shen J. Direct C5-Isomerization Approach tol-Iduronic Acid Derivatives. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201500269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and; College of Pharmacy; Tianjin 300071 PR China
| | - Qingqing Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and; College of Pharmacy; Tianjin 300071 PR China
| | - Dongmei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and; College of Pharmacy; Tianjin 300071 PR China
| | - Hui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and; College of Pharmacy; Tianjin 300071 PR China
| | - Xu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and; College of Pharmacy; Tianjin 300071 PR China
| | - Xiande Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and; College of Pharmacy; Tianjin 300071 PR China
| | - Hao Gan
- Chenxin Homes; Huaihe Road Tianjin 300410 PR China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and; College of Pharmacy; Tianjin 300071 PR China
| | - Lan Jin
- National Glycoengineering Research Center; Shandong University; No.44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan Shandong 250012 PR China) address
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and; College of Pharmacy; Tianjin 300071 PR China
| | - Jie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and; College of Pharmacy; Tianjin 300071 PR China
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Das R, Mukhopadhyay B. Chemical Synthesis of the Pentasaccharide Related to the Repeating Unit of theO-Antigen fromSalmonella entericaO4. J Carbohydr Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/07328303.2015.1047503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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37
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Wu B, Wei N, Thon V, Wei M, Yu Z, Xu Y, Chen X, Liu J, Wang PG, Li T. Facile chemoenzymatic synthesis of biotinylated heparosan hexasaccharide. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:5098-101. [PMID: 25858766 PMCID: PMC4472006 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00462d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A biotinylated heparosan hexasaccharide was synthesized using a one-pot multi-enzyme strategy, in situ activation and transfer of N-trifluoroacetylglucosamine (GlcNTFA) to a heparin backbone significantly improved the synthetic efficiency. The biotinylated hexasaccharide could serve as a flexible core to diversify its conversion into heparan sulfate isoforms with potential biological applications and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Wu
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Na Wei
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Vireak Thon
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Mohui Wei
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Zaikuan Yu
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Yongmei Xu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Peng George Wang
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Tiehai Li
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
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38
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Shang W, Xiao Z, Yu Z, Wei N, Zhao G, Zhang Q, Wei M, Wang X, Wang PG, Li T. Chemical synthesis of the outer core oligosaccharide of Escherichia coli R3 and immunological evaluation. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:4321-30. [PMID: 25764373 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00177c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS), major virulence determinants in Gram-negative bacteria, are responsible for many pathophysiological responses and can elicit strong immune responses. In order to better understand the role of LPS in host-pathogen interactions and elucidate the immunogenic properties of LPS outer core oligosaccharides, an all α-linked Escherichia coli R3 outer core pentasaccharide was first synthesized with a propyl amino linker at the reducing end. This oligosaccharide was also covalently conjugated to a carrier protein (CRM197) via the reducing end propyl amino linker. Immunological analysis demonstrated that this glycoconjugate can elicit specific anti-pentasaccharide antibodies with in vitro bactericidal activity. These findings will contribute to the further exploration of this pentasaccharide antigen as a vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Shang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China.
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Budhadev D, Mukhopadhyay B. Convergent synthesis of the hexasaccharide related to the repeating unit of the O-antigen from E. coli O120. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20363e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The hexasaccharide repeating unit of the O-antigen from E. coli O120 has been synthesized in the form of its 4-methoxyphenyl glycoside by a convergent [2 + 4] strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshita Budhadev
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata
- Mohanpur 741246
- India
| | - Balaram Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata
- Mohanpur 741246
- India
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40
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Chang CH, Lico LS, Huang TY, Lin SY, Chang CL, Arco SD, Hung SC. Synthesis of the heparin-based anticoagulant drug fondaparinux. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:9876-9. [PMID: 25044485 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201404154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide based on the heparin antithrombin-binding domain, is an approved clinical anticoagulant. Although it is a better and safer alternative to pharmaceutical heparins in many cases, its high cost, which results from the difficult and tedious synthesis, is a deterrent for its widespread use. The chemical synthesis of fondaparinux was achieved in an efficient and concise manner from commercially available D-glucosamine, diacetone α-D-glucose, and penta-O-acetyl-D-glucose. The method involves suitably functionalized building blocks that are readily accessible and employs shared intermediates and a series of one-pot reactions that considerably reduce the synthetic effort and improve the yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsiu Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, No. 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115 (Taiwan); Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300 (Taiwan)
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41
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Chang CH, Lico LS, Huang TY, Lin SY, Chang CL, Arco SD, Hung SC. Synthesis of the Heparin-Based Anticoagulant Drug Fondaparinux. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201404154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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