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Current Pharmacotherapy and Multi-Target Approaches for Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121560. [PMID: 36559010 PMCID: PMC9781592 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by decreased synaptic transmission and cerebral atrophy with appearance of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Cognitive, functional, and behavioral alterations are commonly associated with the disease. Different pathophysiological pathways of AD have been proposed, some of which interact and influence one another. Current treatment for AD mainly involves the use of therapeutic agents to alleviate the symptoms in AD patients. The conventional single-target treatment approaches do not often cause the desired effect in the disease due to its multifactorial origin. Thus, multi-target strategies have since been undertaken, which aim to simultaneously target multiple targets involved in the development of AD. In this review, we provide an overview of the pathogenesis of AD and the current drug therapies for the disease. Additionally, rationales of the multi-target approaches and examples of multi-target drugs with pharmacological actions against AD are also discussed.
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Basagni F, Naldi M, Ginex T, Luque FJ, Fagiani F, Lanni C, Iurlo M, Marcaccio M, Minarini A, Bartolini M, Rosini M. Inhibition of β-Amyloid Aggregation in Alzheimer’s Disease: The Key Role of (Pro)electrophilic Warheads. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:1812-1818. [DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Basagni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marina Naldi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tiziana Ginex
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Gastronomy, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB), University of Barcelona, Avinguda Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - F. Javier Luque
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Gastronomy, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) and Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (IQTCUB), University of Barcelona, Avinguda Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
| | - Francesca Fagiani
- Department of Drug Sciences (Pharmacology Section), University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Lanni
- Department of Drug Sciences (Pharmacology Section), University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Iurlo
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Marcaccio
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Minarini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Rosini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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3
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Nature-Inspired Hybrids (NIH) Improve Proteostasis by Activating Nrf2-Mediated Protective Pathways in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071385. [PMID: 35883876 PMCID: PMC9312215 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant systems play key roles in many elderly diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Oxidative stress, autophagy impairment and inflammation are well-described in AMD, especially in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. The master regulator of antioxidant defense Nrf2 has been linked to AMD, autophagy and inflammation. In this study, in human ARPE-19 cells, some nature-inspired hybrids (NIH1–3) previously shown to induce Nrf2-mediated protection against oxidative stress were further investigated for their potential against cellular stress caused by dysfunction of protein homeostasis. NIH1–3 compounds increased the expression of two Nrf2-target genes coding defense proteins, HO-1 and SQSTM1/p62, in turn exerting beneficial effects on intracellular redox balance without modification of the autophagy flux. NIH1–3 treatments predisposed ARPE-19 cells to a better response to following exposure to proteasome and autophagy inhibitors, as revealed by the increase in cell survival and decreased secretion of the pro-inflammatory IL-8 compared to NIH-untreated cells. Interestingly, NIH4 compound, through an Nrf2-independent pathway, also increased cell viability and decreased IL-8 secretion, although to a lesser extent than NIH1–3, suggesting that all NIHs are worthy of further investigation into their cytoprotective properties. This study confirms Nrf2 as a valuable pharmacological target in contexts characterized by oxidative stress, such as AMD.
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4
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Resveratrol-based compounds and neurodegeneration: Recent insight in multitarget therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 233:114242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Rossino MG, Amato R, Amadio M, Rosini M, Basagni F, Cammalleri M, Dal Monte M, Casini G. A Nature-Inspired Nrf2 Activator Protects Retinal Explants from Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1296. [PMID: 34439544 PMCID: PMC8389314 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) plays a key role in retinal dysfunctions and acts as a major trigger of inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes in several retinal diseases. To prevent OS-induced retinal damage, approaches based on the use of natural compounds are actively investigated. Recently, structural features from curcumin and diallyl sulfide have been combined in a nature-inspired hybrid (NIH1), which has been described to activate transcription nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), the master regulator of the antioxidant response, in different cell lines. We tested the antioxidant properties of NIH1 in mouse retinal explants. NIH1 increased Nrf2 nuclear translocation, Nrf2 expression, and both antioxidant enzyme expression and protein levels after 24 h or six days of incubation. Possible toxic effects of NIH1 were excluded since it did not alter the expression of apoptotic or gliotic markers. In OS-treated retinal explants, NIH1 strengthened the antioxidant response inducing a massive and persistent expression of antioxidant enzymes up to six days of incubation. These effects resulted in prevention of the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, of apoptotic cell death, and of gliotic reactivity. Together, these data indicate that a strategy based on NIH1 to counteract OS could be effective for the treatment of retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Rossino
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.R.); (R.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Rosario Amato
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.R.); (R.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Marialaura Amadio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Michela Rosini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Filippo Basagni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Maurizio Cammalleri
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.R.); (R.A.); (M.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Massimo Dal Monte
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.R.); (R.A.); (M.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Casini
- Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.R.); (R.A.); (M.C.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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6
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Bacci A, Runfola M, Sestito S, Rapposelli S. Beyond Antioxidant Effects: Nature-Based Templates Unveil New Strategies for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030367. [PMID: 33671015 PMCID: PMC7997428 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex network of malfunctioning pathways occurring in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) represents a huge hurdle in the development of new effective drugs to be used in therapy. In this context, redox reactions act as crucial regulators in the maintenance of neuronal microenvironment homeostasis. Particularly, their imbalance results in the severe compromising of organism’s natural defense systems and subsequently, in the instauration of deleterious OS, that plays a fundamental role in the insurgence and progress of NDDs. Despite the huge efforts in drug discovery programs, the identification process of new therapeutic agents able to counteract the relentless progress of neurodegenerative processes has produced low or no effective therapies. Consequently, a paradigm-shift in the drug discovery approach for these diseases is gradually occurring, paving the way for innovative therapeutical approaches, such as polypharmacology. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the main pharmacological features of most promising nature-based scaffolds for a possible application in drug discovery, especially for NDDs, highlighting their multifaceted effects against OS and neuronal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bacci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Massimiliano Runfola
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Simona Sestito
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Simona Rapposelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (A.B.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Talebi M, Talebi M, Kakouri E, Farkhondeh T, Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Tarantilis PA, Samarghandian S. Tantalizing role of p53 molecular pathways and its coherent medications in neurodegenerative diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 172:93-103. [PMID: 33440210 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are incongruous, commonly age-related disorders characterized by progressive neuronal loss, comprising the most prevalent being Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. Perilous health states are anticipated following the neurodegeneration. Their etiology remains largely ambiguous, while various mechanisms are ascribed to their pathogenesis. A recommended conception is regarding the role of p53, as a transcription factor regulating numerous cellular pathways comprising apoptosis. Neuronal fates are a feasible occurrence that contributes to all neurodegenerative diseases. In this work, we review the research investigated the potential role of p53 in the pathogenesis of these diseases. We put special emphasis on intricate We not only describe aberrant changes in p53 level/activity observed in CNS regions affected by particular diseases but, most importantly, put special attention to the complicated reciprocal tuning connections prevailing between p53 and molecules considered in pathological hallmarks of these disorders. Natural and synthetic medications regulating p53 expression are regarded as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Talebi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Talebi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Eleni Kakouri
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Petros A Tarantilis
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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De Nuccio C, Bernardo A, Troiano C, Brignone MS, Falchi M, Greco A, Rosini M, Basagni F, Lanni C, Serafini MM, Minghetti L, Visentin S. NRF2 and PPAR-γ Pathways in Oligodendrocyte Progenitors: Focus on ROS Protection, Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Promotion of Cell Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7216. [PMID: 33003644 PMCID: PMC7583077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An adequate protection from oxidative and inflammatory reactions, together with the promotion of oligodendrocyte progenitor (OP) differentiation, is needed to recover from myelin damage in demyelinating diseases. Mitochondria are targets of inflammatory and oxidative insults and are essential in oligodendrocyte differentiation. It is known that nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor/antioxidant responsive element (NRF2/ARE) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma/PPAR-γ response element (PPAR-γ/PPRE) pathways control inflammation and overcome mitochondrial impairment. In this study, we analyzed the effects of activators of these pathways on mitochondrial features, protection from inflammatory/mitochondrial insults and cell differentiation in OP cultures, to depict the specificities and similarities of their actions. We used dimethyl-fumarate (DMF) and pioglitazone (pio) as agents activating NRF2 and PPAR-γ, respectively, and two synthetic hybrids acting differently on the NRF2/ARE pathway. Only DMF and compound 1 caused early effects on the mitochondria. Both DMF and pio induced mitochondrial biogenesis but different antioxidant repertoires. Moreover, pio induced OP differentiation more efficiently than DMF. Finally, DMF, pio and compound 1 protected from tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) insult, with pio showing faster kinetics of action and compound 1 a higher activity than DMF. In conclusion, NRF2 and PPAR-γ by inducing partially overlapping pathways accomplish complementary functions aimed at the preservation of mitochondrial function, the defense against oxidative stress and the promotion of OP differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De Nuccio
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.D.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Antonietta Bernardo
- National Center for Research and Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation of Drugs, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Carmen Troiano
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Mario Falchi
- National Research Center on HIV/AIDS, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Anita Greco
- National Center for Research and Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation of Drugs, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Michela Rosini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Filippo Basagni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.R.); (F.B.)
| | - Cristina Lanni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (C.L.); (M.M.S.)
| | | | - Luisa Minghetti
- Research Coordination and Support Service, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (C.D.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Sergio Visentin
- National Center for Research and Preclinical and Clinical Evaluation of Drugs, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (A.G.)
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9
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Fagiani F, Catanzaro M, Buoso E, Basagni F, Di Marino D, Raniolo S, Amadio M, Frost EH, Corsini E, Racchi M, Fulop T, Govoni S, Rosini M, Lanni C. Targeting Cytokine Release Through the Differential Modulation of Nrf2 and NF-κB Pathways by Electrophilic/Non-Electrophilic Compounds. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1256. [PMID: 32922294 PMCID: PMC7456937 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Nrf2 coordinates a multifaceted response to various forms of stress and to inflammatory processes, maintaining a homeostatic intracellular environment. Nrf2 anti-inflammatory activity has been related to the crosstalk with the transcription factor NF-κB, a pivotal mediator of inflammatory responses and of multiple aspects of innate and adaptative immune functions. However, the underlying molecular basis has not been completely clarified. By combining into new chemical entities, the hydroxycinnamoyl motif from curcumin and the allyl mercaptan moiety of garlic organosulfur compounds, we tested a set of molecules, carrying (pro)electrophilic features responsible for the activation of the Nrf2 pathway, as valuable pharmacologic tools to dissect the mechanistic connection between Nrf2 and NF-κB. We investigated whether the activation of the Nrf2 pathway by (pro)electrophilic compounds may interfere with the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, during immune stimulation, in a human immortalized monocyte-like cell line (THP-1). The capability of compounds to affect the NF-κB pathway was also evaluated. We assessed the compounds-mediated regulation of cytokine and chemokine release by using Luminex X-MAP® technology in human primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) upon LPS stimulation. We found that all compounds, also in the absence of electrophilic moieties, significantly suppressed the LPS-evoked secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and IL-1β, but not of IL-8, in THP-1 cells. A reduction in the release of pro-inflammatory mediators similar to that induced by the compounds was also observed after siRNA mediated-Nrf2 knockdown, thus indicating that the attenuation of cytokine secretion cannot be directly ascribed to the activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway. Moreover, all compounds, with the exception of compound 1, attenuated the LPS-induced activation of the NF-κB pathway, by reducing the upstream phosphorylation of IκB, the NF-κB nuclear translocation, as well as the activation of NF-κB promoter. In human PBMCs, compound 4 and CURC attenuated TNFα release as observed in THP-1 cells, and all compounds acting as Nrf2 inducers significantly decreased the levels of MCP-1/CCL2, as well as the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-12. Altogether, the compounds induced a differential modulation of innate immune cytokine release, by differently regulating Nrf2 and NF-κB intracellular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Fagiani
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michele Catanzaro
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Erica Buoso
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Filippo Basagni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Marino
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, New York-Marche Structural Biology Center (NY-MaSBiC), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stefano Raniolo
- Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Computational Science-Center for Computational Medicine in Cardiology, CH-Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Marialaura Amadio
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Eric H Frost
- Department of Microbiology and Infectiology, Centre de Recherches Cliniques, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Racchi
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tamas Fulop
- Geriatric Division, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Stefano Govoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michela Rosini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Lanni
- Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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10
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Catanzaro M, Lanni C, Basagni F, Rosini M, Govoni S, Amadio M. Eye-Light on Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Targeting Nrf2-Pathway as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:844. [PMID: 32581803 PMCID: PMC7291861 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common disease with a multifactorial aetiology, still lacking effective and curative therapies. Among the early events triggering AMD is the deterioration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), whose fundamental functions assure good health of the retina. RPE is physiologically exposed to high levels of oxidative stress during its lifespan; thus, the integrity and well-functioning of its antioxidant systems are crucial to maintain RPE homeostasis. Among these defensive systems, the Nrf2-pathway plays a primary role. Literature evidence suggests that, in aged and especially in AMD RPE, there is an imbalance between the increased pro-oxidant stress, and the impaired endogenous detoxifying systems, finally reverberating on RPE functions and survival. In this in vitro study on wild type (WT) and Nrf2-silenced (siNrf2) ARPE-19 cells exposed to various AMD-related noxae (H2O2, 4-HNE, MG132 + Bafilomycin), we show that the Nrf2-pathway activation is a physiological protective stress response, leading downstream to an up-regulation of the Nrf2-targets HO1 and p62, and that a Nrf2 impairment predisposes the cells to a higher vulnerability to stress. In search of new pharmacologically active compounds potentially useful for AMD, four nature-inspired hybrids (NIH) were individually characterized as Nrf2 activators, and their pharmacological activity was investigated in ARPE-19 cells. The Nrf2 activator dimethyl-fumarate (DMF; 10 μM) was used as a positive control. Three out of the four tested NIH (5 μM) display both direct and indirect antioxidant properties, in addition to cytoprotective effects in ARPE-19 cells under pro-oxidant stimuli. The observed pro-survival effects require the presence of Nrf2, with the exception of the lead compound NIH1, able to exert a still significant, albeit lower, protection even in siNrf2 cells, supporting the concept of the existence of both Nrf2-dependent and independent pathways mediating pro-survival effects. In conclusion, by using some pharmacological tools as well as a reference compound, we dissected the role of the Nrf2-pathway in ARPE-19 stress response, suggesting that the Nrf2 induction represents an efficient defensive strategy to prevent the stress-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Catanzaro
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Lanni
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Filippo Basagni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Rosini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Govoni
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marialaura Amadio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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11
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Serafini MM, Catanzaro M, Fagiani F, Simoni E, Caporaso R, Dacrema M, Romanoni I, Govoni S, Racchi M, Daglia M, Rosini M, Lanni C. Modulation of Keap1/Nrf2/ARE Signaling Pathway by Curcuma- and Garlic-Derived Hybrids. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1597. [PMID: 32047434 PMCID: PMC6997134 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nrf2 is a basic leucine zipper transcription factor that binds to the promoter region of the antioxidant response element (ARE), inducing the coordinated up-regulation of antioxidant and detoxification genes. We recently synthesized a set of new molecules by combining the functional moieties of curcumin and diallyl sulfide, both known to induce the expression of antioxidant phase II enzymes by activating Nrf2 pathway. The aim of the study is to investigate the ability of such compounds to activate Keap1/Nrf2/ARE cytoprotective pathway, in comparison with two reference Nrf2-activators: curcumin and dimethyl fumarate, a drug approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Furthermore, since Nrf2 pathway is known to be regulated also by epigenetic modifications, including key modifications in microRNA (miRNA) expression, the effects of the hybrids on the expression levels of selected miRNAs, associated with Nrf2 signaling pathway have also been investigated. The results show that compounds exert antioxidant effect by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway and inducing the ARE-regulated expression of its downstream target genes, such as HO-1 and NQO1, with two hybrids to a higher extent than curcumin. In addition, some molecules induce changes in the expression levels of miR-125b-5p, even if to a lesser extent than curcumin. However, no changes have been observed in the expression levels of mRNA coding for glutathione synthetase, suggesting that the modulation of this mRNA is not strictly under the control of miR-125b-5p, which could be influenced by other miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Maria Serafini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Fagiani
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Simoni
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Caporaso
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Dacrema
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Irene Romanoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Govoni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Racchi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Michela Rosini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Lanni
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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12
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Abstract
Targeted covalent modification is assuming consolidated importance in drug discovery. In this context, the electrophilic tuning of redox-dependent cell signaling is attracting major interest, as it opens prospect for treating numerous pathologic conditions. Herein, we discuss the rationale and the issues of electrophile-based approaches, focusing on the transcriptional Nrf2-Keap1 pathway as a test case. We also highlight relevant medicinal chemistry strategies researchers have devised to meet the ambitious goal, dwelling on the investigational and therapeutic potential of modulating redox-signaling networks through regulatory cysteine switches.
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13
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Catanzaro M, Corsini E, Rosini M, Racchi M, Lanni C. Immunomodulators Inspired by Nature: A Review on Curcumin and Echinacea. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112778. [PMID: 30373170 PMCID: PMC6278270 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system is an efficient integrated network of cellular elements and chemicals developed to preserve the integrity of the organism against external insults and its correct functioning and balance are essential to avoid the occurrence of a great variety of disorders. To date, evidence from literature highlights an increase in immunological diseases and a great attention has been focused on the development of molecules able to modulate the immune response. There is an enormous global demand for new effective therapies and researchers are investigating new fields. One promising strategy is the use of herbal medicines as integrative, complementary and preventive therapy. The active components in medical plants have always been an important source of clinical therapeutics and the study of their molecular pharmacology is an enormous challenge since they offer a great chemical diversity with often multi-pharmacological activity. In this review, we mainly analysed the immunomodulatory/antinflammatory activity of Echinacea spp. and Curcuma longa, focusing on some issues of the phytochemical research and on new possible strategies to obtain novel agents to supplement the present therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Catanzaro
- Department of Drug Sciences-Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Emanuela Corsini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Michela Rosini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Marco Racchi
- Department of Drug Sciences-Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Cristina Lanni
- Department of Drug Sciences-Pharmacology Section, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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14
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Savelieff MG, Nam G, Kang J, Lee HJ, Lee M, Lim MH. Development of Multifunctional Molecules as Potential Therapeutic Candidates for Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in the Last Decade. Chem Rev 2018; 119:1221-1322. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masha G. Savelieff
- SciGency Science Communications, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, United States
| | - Geewoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhye Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuck Jin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Misun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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15
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Ginex T, Trius M, Luque FJ. Computational Study of the Aza-Michael Addition of the Flavonoid (+)-Taxifolin in the Inhibition of β-Amyloid Fibril Aggregation. Chemistry 2018; 24:5813-5824. [PMID: 29384229 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of abnormal protein self-aggregation is an attractive strategy against amyloidogenic diseases, but has found limited success due to the complexity of protein self-assembly, the absence of fully reproducible aggregation assays, and the scarce knowledge of the inhibition mechanisms by small molecules. In this context, catechol-containing compounds may lead to covalent adducts with amyloid fibrils that interfere with the aggregation process. In particular, the covalent adduct formed between the oxidized form of (+)-taxifolin and an β-amyloid (Aβ42) suggests the involvement of a specific recognition motif that enables the chemical reaction with Aβ42. In this study, we have examined the mechanisms implicated in the aza-Michael addition of the o-quinone species of (+)-taxifolin with Aβ42 fibrils. The results support the binding of (+)-taxifolin to the hydrophobic groove delimited by the edges defined by Lys16 and Glu22 residues in the fibril. The chemical reaction proceeds through the nucleophilic attack of the deprotonated amino group of a Lys16 residue in a process activated by the interaction between the o-quinone ring with a vicinal Lys16 residue, as well as by a water-assisted proton transfer, which is the rate-limiting step of the reaction. This specific inhibition mechanism, which may explain the enhanced anti-aggregating activity of oxidized flavonoids compared to fresh compounds, holds promise for developing disease-modifying therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Ginex
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Institute of Biomedicine, Campus Torribera, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, 08921, Spain
| | - Marta Trius
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Institute of Biomedicine, Campus Torribera, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, 08921, Spain
| | - F Javier Luque
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science, and Gastronomy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Institute of Biomedicine, Campus Torribera, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet, 08921, Spain
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16
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Serafini MM, Catanzaro M, Rosini M, Racchi M, Lanni C. Curcumin in Alzheimer’s disease: Can we think to new strategies and perspectives for this molecule? Pharmacol Res 2017; 124:146-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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17
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De Simone A, Bartolini M, Baschieri A, Apperley KYP, Chen HH, Guardigni M, Montanari S, Kobrlova T, Soukup O, Valgimigli L, Andrisano V, Keillor JW, Basso M, Milelli A. Hydroxy-substituted trans-cinnamoyl derivatives as multifunctional tools in the context of Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:378-389. [PMID: 28810189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial pathology that requires multifaceted agents able to address its peculiar nature. In recent years, a plethora of proteins and biochemical pathways has been proposed as possible targets to counteract neurotoxicity. Although the complex scenario is not completely elucidated, close relationships are emerging among some of these actors. In particular, increasing evidence has shown that aggregation of amyloid beta (Aβ), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and oxidative stress are strictly interconnected and their concomitant modulation may have a positive and synergic effect in contrasting AD-related impairments. We designed compound 3 which demonstrated the ability to inhibit both GSK-3β (IC50 = 24.36 ± 0.01 μM) and Aβ42 self-aggregation (IC50 = 9.0 ± 1.4 μM), to chelate copper (II) and to act as exceptionally strong radical scavenger (kinh = 6.8 ± 0.5 · 105 M-1s-1) even in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 (kinh = 3.2 ± 0.5 · 105 M-1s-1). Importantly, compound 3 showed high-predicted blood-brain barrier permeability, did not exert any significant cytotoxic effects in immature cortical neurons up to 50 μM and showed neuroprotective properties at micromolar concentration against toxic insult induced by glutamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela De Simone
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Baschieri
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 11, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Kim Y P Apperley
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Huan Huan Chen
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Melissa Guardigni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Serena Montanari
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Tereza Kobrlova
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Luca Valgimigli
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 11, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenza Andrisano
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Jeffrey W Keillor
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie-Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Manuela Basso
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Neurobiology, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Andrea Milelli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso d'Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy.
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18
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Simoni E, Serafini MM, Caporaso R, Marchetti C, Racchi M, Minarini A, Bartolini M, Lanni C, Rosini M. Targeting the Nrf2/Amyloid-Beta Liaison in Alzheimer's Disease: A Rational Approach. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:1618-1627. [PMID: 28421738 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid is a prominent feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Yet, a linear linkage between amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) and the disease onset and progression has recently been questioned. In this context, the crucial partnership between Aβ and Nrf2 pathways is acquiring paramount importance, offering prospects for deciphering the Aβ-centered disease network. Here, we report on a new class of antiaggregating agents rationally designed to simultaneously activate transcription-based antioxidant responses, whose lead 1 showed interesting properties in a preliminary investigation. Relying on the requirements of Aβ recognition, we identified the catechol derivative 12. In SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, 12 combined remarkable free radical scavenger properties to the ability to trigger the Nrf2 pathway and induce the Nrf2-dependent defensive gene NQO1 by means of electrophilic activation of the transcriptional response. Moreover, 12 prevented the formation of cytotoxic stable oligomeric intermediates, being significantly more effective, and per se less toxic, than prototype 1. More importantly, as different chemical features were exploited to regulate Nrf2 and Aβ activities, the two pathways could be tuned independently. These findings point to compound 12 and its derivatives as promising tools for investigating the therapeutic potential of the Nrf2/Aβ cellular network, laying foundation for generating new drug leads to confront AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Simoni
- Department of Pharmacy
and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro
6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Melania M. Serafini
- Department of Drug Sciences (Pharmacology
Section), University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS Pavia, P.zza Vittoria, 15, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberta Caporaso
- Department of Pharmacy
and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro
6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Marchetti
- Department of Pharmacy
and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro
6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Racchi
- Department of Drug Sciences (Pharmacology
Section), University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Minarini
- Department of Pharmacy
and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro
6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy
and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro
6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Lanni
- Department of Drug Sciences (Pharmacology
Section), University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Michela Rosini
- Department of Pharmacy
and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro
6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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19
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Tacrine-resveratrol fused hybrids as multi-target-directed ligands against Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 127:250-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Simoni E, Caporaso R, Bergamini C, Fiori J, Fato R, Miszta P, Filipek S, Caraci F, Giuffrida ML, Andrisano V, Minarini A, Bartolini M, Rosini M. Polyamine Conjugation as a Promising Strategy To Target Amyloid Aggregation in the Framework of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:1145-1150. [PMID: 27994754 PMCID: PMC5150688 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
![]()
Spermine
conjugates 2–6, carrying
variously decorated 3,5-dibenzylidenepiperidin-4-one as bioactive
motives, were designed to direct antiaggregating properties into mitochondria,
using a polyamine functionality as the vehicle tool. The study confirmed
mitochondrial import of the catechol derivative 2, which
displayed effective antiaggregating activity and neuroprotective effects
against Aβ-induced toxicity. Notably, a key functional role
for the polyamine motif in Aβ molecular recognition was also
unraveled. This experimental readout, which was supported by in silico
studies, gives important new insight into the polyamine’s action.
Hence, we propose polyamine conjugation as a promising strategy for
the development of neuroprotectant leads that may contribute to decipher
the complex picture of Aβ toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Simoni
- Department of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Caporaso
- Department of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Christian Bergamini
- Department of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jessica Fiori
- Department of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Romana Fato
- Department of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Przemyslaw Miszta
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological & Chemical Research Centre University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Filipek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological & Chemical Research Centre University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Filippo Caraci
- IRCCS
Associazione Oasi Maria S.S., Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Via Conte Ruggero 73, 94018 Troina, Enna, Italy
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A.
Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Giuffrida
- Institute
of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Via P. Gaifami 18, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Vincenza Andrisano
- Department
for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Corso D’Augusto
237, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Anna Minarini
- Department of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Manuela Bartolini
- Department of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Rosini
- Department of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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21
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Kang WS, Park JK, Kim YJ, Cho AR, Park HJ, Kim SK, Paik JW, Lee KJ, Na HR, Kim YY, Lim HK, Jeong HG, Kim JW. Association of tripartite motif family-like 2 (TRIML2) polymorphisms with late-onset Alzheimer's disease risk in a Korean population. Neurosci Lett 2016; 630:127-131. [PMID: 27471163 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a prominent feature in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), regulated in part by the activity of p53. As tripartite motif family-like 2 (TRIML2), a member of the TRIM family of proteins, has been implicated in the regulation of p53-mediated apoptosis, we hypothesized that TRIML2 polymorphisms may result in an increased AD susceptibility. Here, we investigated the association between coding region single nucleotide polymorphisms (cSNPs) in TRIML2 and AD in a Korean population. Two cSNPs (rs79698746 and rs2279551) were genotyped using the Sequenom iPLEX(®) Gold assay and direct sequencing in 162 AD patients and 191 controls. Multiple logistic regression models were used to determine the odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and p-values. Significant associations were observed between AD and the allelic frequencies of two SNPs (rs79698746, p=0.007; rs2279551, p=0.01); genotype frequencies were also significantly different between the two groups [rs79698746: p=0.003 in the codominant 2 model (CC vs. TT), p=0.01 in the dominant model (TC/CC vs. TT), p=0.016 in the recessive model (CC vs. TT/TC), and p=0.0025 in the log-additive model (TC vs. CC vs. TT); rs2279551: p=0.003 in the codominant 2 model (CC vs. TT), p=0.011 in the dominant model (TC/CC vs. TT), p=0.019 in the recessive model (CC vs. TT/TC), and p=0.0028 in the log-additive model (TC vs. CC vs. TT)]. In the haplotype analyses, CC haplotypes containing two cSNPs were significantly associated with AD (p=0.013). Taken together, these findings indicate that the C allele of both SNPs was associated with an increased risk of AD. These results suggest that TRIML2 may contribute to AD susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Sub Kang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kyung Park
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jong Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah Rang Cho
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jeong Park
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Kang Kim
- Kohwang Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woo Paik
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Joon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Inje University, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Ri Na
- Department of Neurology, Bobath Memorial Hospital, Seongnam 13618, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Youl Kim
- Division of Brain Diseases, Center for Biomedical Science, National Institute of Health Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju 28161, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kook Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ghang Jeong
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Gurodongro 148, Gurogu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Woo Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Lajarín-Cuesta R, Nanclares C, Arranz-Tagarro JA, González-Lafuente L, Arribas RL, Araujo de Brito M, Gandía L, de Los Ríos C. Gramine Derivatives Targeting Ca(2+) Channels and Ser/Thr Phosphatases: A New Dual Strategy for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Med Chem 2016; 59:6265-80. [PMID: 27280380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of gramine derivatives and their pharmacological evaluation as multipotent drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. An innovative multitarget approach is presented, targeting both voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels, classically studied for neurodegenerative diseases, and Ser/Thr phosphatases, which have been marginally aimed, even despite their key role in protein τ dephosphorylation. Twenty-five compounds were synthesized, and mostly their neuroprotective profile exceeded that offered by the head compound gramine. In general, these compounds reduced the entry of Ca(2+) through VGCC, as measured by Fluo-4/AM and patch clamp techniques, and protected in Ca(2+) overload-induced models of neurotoxicity, like glutamate or veratridine exposures. Furthermore, we hypothesize that these compounds decrease τ hyperphosphorylation based on the maintenance of the Ser/Thr phosphatase activity and their neuroprotection against the damage caused by okadaic acid. Hence, we propose this multitarget approach as a new and promising strategy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Lajarín-Cuesta
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Nanclares
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan-Alberto Arranz-Tagarro
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura González-Lafuente
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa , C/Diego de León, 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel L Arribas
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Monique Araujo de Brito
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos Para a Saúde, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense , Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Luis Gandía
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristóbal de Los Ríos
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa , C/Diego de León, 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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