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Kim HK, Bui TT. Lanthanum(III) Trifluoromethanesulfonate Catalyzed Direct Synthesis of Ureas from N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-, N-Allyloxycarbonyl-, and N-2,2,2-Trichloroethoxycarbonyl-Protected Amines. Synlett 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel lanthanum triflate mediated conversion of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-, N-allyloxycarbonyl-, and N-trichloroethoxycarbonyl-protected amines into nonsymmetric ureas was discovered. In this study, lanthanum triflate was found to be an effective catalyst for preparing various nonsymmetric ureas from protected amines. A variety of protected aromatic and aliphatic carbamates reacted readily with various amines in the presence of lanthanum triflate to generate the desired ureas in high yields. This result demonstrated that this novel lanthanum triflate catalyzed preparation of ureas from Cbz, Alloc, and Troc carbamates can be employed for the formation of various urea structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Kwon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital
| | - Tien Tan Bui
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital
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2
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Wold EA, Chen J, Cunningham KA, Zhou J. Allosteric Modulation of Class A GPCRs: Targets, Agents, and Emerging Concepts. J Med Chem 2019; 62:88-127. [PMID: 30106578 PMCID: PMC6556150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been tractable drug targets for decades with over one-third of currently marketed drugs targeting GPCRs. Of these, the class A GPCR superfamily is highly represented, and continued drug discovery for this family of receptors may provide novel therapeutics for a vast range of diseases. GPCR allosteric modulation is an innovative targeting approach that broadens the available small molecule toolbox and is proving to be a viable drug discovery strategy, as evidenced by recent FDA approvals and clinical trials. Numerous class A GPCR allosteric modulators have been discovered recently, and emerging trends such as the availability of GPCR crystal structures, diverse functional assays, and structure-based computational approaches are improving optimization and development. This Perspective provides an update on allosterically targeted class A GPCRs and their disease indications and the medicinal chemistry approaches toward novel allosteric modulators and highlights emerging trends and opportunities in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A. Wold
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chemical Biology Program, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Jianping Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chemical Biology Program, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Kathryn A. Cunningham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chemical Biology Program, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chemical Biology Program, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
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Tran VH, Kim HK. CaI 2-Catalyzed direct transformation of N-Alloc-, N-Troc-, and N-Cbz-protected amines to asymmetrical ureas. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03111a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A practical CaI2-catalyzed direct synthesis of asymmetrical ureas from N-Alloc-, N-Troc-, and N-Cbz-carbamate compounds has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Hieu Tran
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center
- Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital
- Jeonju
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kwon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Molecular Imaging & Therapeutic Medicine Research Center
- Chonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital
- Jeonju
- Republic of Korea
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4
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Hill JR, Robertson AAB. Fishing for Drug Targets: A Focus on Diazirine Photoaffinity Probe Synthesis. J Med Chem 2018; 61:6945-6963. [PMID: 29683660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Target identification is a high-priority, albeit challenging, aspect of drug discovery. Diazirine-based photoaffinity probes (PAPs) can facilitate the process by covalently capturing transient molecular interactions. This can help identify target proteins and map the ligand's interactome. Diazirine probes have even been incorporated by cellular machinery into proteins. Embarking on the synthesis of customized PAPs, containing either an aliphatic or trifluoromethyl phenyl diazirine, can be a considerable endeavor, particularly for medicinal chemists and chemical biologists new to the field. This review takes a synthetic focus, aiming to summarize available routes, propose new avenues, and illuminate recent advances in diazirine synthesis. Select examples of diazirine photoaffinity labeling applications have been included throughout to provide instructive definition of the advantages and limitations of the technology while simultaneously highlighting how these reagents can be applied in a practical sense.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Hill
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , St. Lucia , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Avril A B Robertson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , St. Lucia , Queensland 4072 , Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , The University of Queensland , St. Lucia QLD4072 , Australia
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Budelier MM, Cheng WWL, Bergdoll L, Chen ZW, Abramson J, Krishnan K, Qian M, Covey DF, Janetka JW, Evers AS. Click Chemistry Reagent for Identification of Sites of Covalent Ligand Incorporation in Integral Membrane Proteins. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2636-2644. [PMID: 28194953 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b05003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Identifying sites of protein-ligand interaction is important for structure-based drug discovery and understanding protein structure-function relationships. Mass spectrometry (MS) has emerged as a useful tool for identifying residues covalently modified by ligands. Current methods use database searches that are dependent on acquiring interpretable fragmentation spectra (MS2) of peptide-ligand adducts. This is problematic for identifying sites of hydrophobic ligand incorporation in integral membrane proteins (IMPs), where poor aqueous solubility and ionization of peptide-ligand adducts and collision-induced adduct loss hinder the acquisition of quality MS2 spectra. To address these issues, we developed a fast ligand identification (FLI) tag that can be attached to any alkyne-containing ligand via Cu(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition. The FLI tag adds charge to increase solubility and ionization, and utilizes stable isotope labeling for MS1 level identification of hydrophobic peptide-ligand adducts. The FLI tag was coupled to an alkyne-containing neurosteroid photolabeling reagent and used to identify peptide-steroid adducts in MS1 spectra via the stable heavy isotope pair. Peptide-steroid adducts were not identified in MS2-based database searches because collision-induced adduct loss was the dominant feature of collision-induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation, but targeted analysis of MS1 pairs using electron transfer dissociation (ETD) markedly reduced adduct loss. Using the FLI tag and ETD, we identified Glu73 as the site of photoincorporation of our neurosteroid ligand in the IMP, mouse voltage-dependent anion channel-1 (mVDAC1), and top-down MS confirmed a single site of photolabeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Budelier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Wayland W L Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Lucie Bergdoll
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Zi-Wei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States.,The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Jeff Abramson
- Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.,The Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (instem), National Centre for Biological Sciences-Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , Bangalore 560065, Karnataka India
| | - Kathiresan Krishnan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Mingxing Qian
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Douglas F Covey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States.,The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States.,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - James W Janetka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Alex S Evers
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States.,The Taylor Family Institute for Innovative Psychiatric Research, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States.,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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