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Combined PARP and Dual Topoisomerase Inhibition Potentiates Genome Instability and Cell Death in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810503. [PMID: 36142413 PMCID: PMC9505822 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although ovarian cancer is a rare disease, it constitutes the fifth leading cause of cancer death among women. It is of major importance to develop new therapeutic strategies to improve survival. Combining P8-D6, a novel dual topoisomerase inhibitor with exceptional anti-tumoral properties in ovarian cancer and compounds in preclinical research, and olaparib, a PARP inhibitor targeting DNA damage repair, is a promising approach. P8-D6 induces DNA damage that can be repaired by base excision repair or homologous recombination in which PARP plays a major role. This study analyzed benefits of combining P8-D6 and olaparib treatment in 2D and 3D cultures with ovarian cancer cells. Measurement of viability, cytotoxicity and caspase activity were used to assess therapy efficacy and to calculate the combination index (CI). Further DNA damage was quantified using the biomarkers RAD51 and γH2A.X. The combinational treatment led to an increased caspase activity and reduced viability. CI values partially show synergisms in combinations at 100 nM and 500 nM P8-D6. More DNA damage accumulated, and spheroids lost their membrane integrity due to the combinational treatment. While maintaining the same therapy efficacy as single-drug therapy, doses of P8-D6 and olaparib can be reduced in combinational treatments. Synergisms can be seen in some tested combinations. In summary, the combination therapy indicates benefits and acts synergistic at 100 nM and 500 nM P8-D6.
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Flörkemeier I, Steinhauer TN, Hedemann N, Weimer JP, Rogmans C, van Mackelenbergh MT, Maass N, Clement B, Bauerschlag DO. High Antitumor Activity of the Dual Topoisomerase Inhibitor P8-D6 in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:2. [PMID: 35008166 PMCID: PMC8750241 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer constitutes the leading cause of cancer deaths among females. However, numerous shortcomings, including low bioavailability, resistance and significant side effects, are responsible for insufficient treatment. The ultimate goal, therefore, is to improve the success rates and, thus, the range available treatment options for breast cancer. Consequently, the identification, development and evaluation of potential novel drugs such as P8-D6 with seminal antitumor capacities have a high clinical need. P8-D6 effectively induces apoptosis by acting as a dual topoisomerase I/II inhibitor. This study provides an overview of the effectiveness of P8-D6 in breast cancer with both 2D monolayers and 3D spheroids compared to standard therapeutic agents. For this drug effectiveness review, cell lines and ex vivo primary cells were used and cytotoxicity, apoptosis rates and membrane integrity were examined. This study provides evidence for a significant P8-D6-induced increase in apoptosis and cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells compared to the efficacy of standard therapeutic drugs. To sum up, P8-D6 is a fast and powerful inductor of apoptosis and might become a new and suitable therapeutic option for breast cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inken Flörkemeier
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (I.F.); (N.H.); (J.P.W.); (C.R.); (M.T.v.M.); (N.M.)
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.N.S.); (B.C.)
| | - Tamara N. Steinhauer
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.N.S.); (B.C.)
| | - Nina Hedemann
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (I.F.); (N.H.); (J.P.W.); (C.R.); (M.T.v.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Jörg Paul Weimer
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (I.F.); (N.H.); (J.P.W.); (C.R.); (M.T.v.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Christoph Rogmans
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (I.F.); (N.H.); (J.P.W.); (C.R.); (M.T.v.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Marion T. van Mackelenbergh
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (I.F.); (N.H.); (J.P.W.); (C.R.); (M.T.v.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Nicolai Maass
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (I.F.); (N.H.); (J.P.W.); (C.R.); (M.T.v.M.); (N.M.)
| | - Bernd Clement
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.N.S.); (B.C.)
| | - Dirk O. Bauerschlag
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (I.F.); (N.H.); (J.P.W.); (C.R.); (M.T.v.M.); (N.M.)
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Flörkemeier I, Steinhauer TN, Hedemann N, Ölander M, Artursson P, Clement B, Bauerschlag DO. Newly developed dual topoisomerase inhibitor P8-D6 is highly active in ovarian cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2021; 13:17588359211059896. [PMID: 34887943 PMCID: PMC8649464 DOI: 10.1177/17588359211059896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer (OvCa) constitutes a rare and highly
aggressive malignancy and is one of the most lethal of all gynaecologic
neoplasms. Due to chemotherapy resistance and treatment limitations because
of side effects, OvCa is still not sufficiently treatable. Hence, new drugs
for OvCa therapy such as P8-D6 with promising antitumour properties have a
high clinical need. The benzo[c]phenanthridine P8-D6 is an
effective inductor of apoptosis by acting as a dual topoisomerase I/II
inhibitor. Methods: In the present study, the effectiveness of P8-D6 on OvCa
was investigated in vitro. In various OvCa cell lines and
ex vivo primary cells, the apoptosis induction compared
with standard therapeutic agents was determined in two-dimensional
monolayers. Expanded by three-dimensional and co-culture, the P8-D6 treated
cells were examined for changes in cytotoxicity, apoptosis rate and membrane
integrity via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Likewise, the effects of
P8-D6 on non-cancer human ovarian surface epithelial cells and primary human
hepatocytes were determined. Results: This study shows a significant P8-D6-induced increase in
apoptosis and cytotoxicity in OvCa cells which surpasses the efficacy of
well-established drugs like cisplatin or the topoisomerase inhibitors
etoposide and topotecan. Non-cancer cells were affected only slightly by
P8-D6. Moreover, no hepatotoxic effect in in vitro studies
was detected. Conclusion: P8-D6 is a strong and rapid inductor of apoptosis and
might be a novel treatment option for OvCa therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inken Flörkemeier
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tamara N Steinhauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Pharmaceutical Institute, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nina Hedemann
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Magnus Ölander
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per Artursson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bernd Clement
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Pharmaceutical Institute, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dirk O Bauerschlag
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Centre Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Maslah H, Skarbek C, Gourson C, Plamont MA, Pethe S, Jullien L, Le Saux T, Labruère R. In-Cell Generation of Anticancer Phenanthridine Through Bioorthogonal Cyclization in Antitumor Prodrug Development. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24043-24047. [PMID: 34487611 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological inactivation of antitumor drugs toward healthy cells is a critical factor in prodrug development. Typically, pharmaceutical chemists graft temporary moieties to existing antitumor drugs to reduce their pharmacological activity. Here, we report a platform able to generate the cytotoxic agent by intramolecular cyclization. Using phenanthridines as cytotoxic model compounds, we designed ring-opened biaryl precursors that generated the phenanthridines through bioorthogonal irreversible imination. This reaction was triggered by reactive oxygen species, commonly overproduced in cancer cells, able to convert a vinyl boronate ester function into a ketone that subsequently reacted with a pendant aniline. An inactive precursor was shown to engender a cytotoxic phenanthridine against KB cancer cells. Moreover, the kinetic of cyclization of this prodrug was extremely rapid inside living cells of KB cancer spheroids so as to circumvent drug action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Maslah
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Charles Skarbek
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Catherine Gourson
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Marie-Aude Plamont
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Pethe
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Ludovic Jullien
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Le Saux
- PASTEUR, Département de chimie, École normale supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 24, rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Raphaël Labruère
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
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Klausz K, Kellner C, Gehlert CL, Krohn S, Wilcken H, Floerkemeier I, Günther A, Bauerschlag DO, Clement B, Gramatzki M, Peipp M. The Novel Dual Topoisomerase Inhibitor P8-D6 Shows Anti-myeloma Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 21:70-78. [PMID: 34725192 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
P8-D6 is a novel dual inhibitor of human topoisomerase I (TOP1) and II (TOP2) with broad pro-apoptotic antitumor activity. NCI-60 screening revealed markedly improved cytotoxicity of P8-D6 against solid and leukemia cell lines compared with other single and dual topoisomerase inhibitors, for example, irinotecan, doxorubicin, or pyrazoloacridine. In this study, we investigated the capacity of P8-D6 to inhibit myeloma cell growth in vitro and in vivo Growth inhibition assays demonstrated significant anti-myeloma effects against different myeloma cell lines with IC50 values in the low nanomolar range. Freshly isolated plasma cells of patients with multiple myeloma were killed by P8-D6 with similar doses. P8-D6 activated caspase 3/7 and induced significant apoptosis of myeloma cells. Supportive effects of bone marrow stromal cells on IL6-dependent INA-6 myeloma cells were abrogated by P8-D6 and apoptosis occurred in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Of note, healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells were not affected at concentrations toxic for malignant plasma cells. Treatment of myeloma xenografts in immunodeficient SCID/beige mice by intravenous and, notably, also oral application of P8-D6 markedly inhibited tumor growths, and significantly prolonged survival of tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Klausz
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, and Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Christian Kellner
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Hemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carina Lynn Gehlert
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, and Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Steffen Krohn
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, and Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hauke Wilcken
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, and Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Inken Floerkemeier
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Günther
- Helios Clinics Schwerin, Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, Schwerin, Germany
| | - Dirk O Bauerschlag
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bernd Clement
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Martin Gramatzki
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, and Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, and Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
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Maslah H, Skarbek C, Gourson C, Plamont M, Pethe S, Jullien L, Le Saux T, Labruère R. In‐Cell Generation of Anticancer Phenanthridine Through Bioorthogonal Cyclization in Antitumor Prodrug Development. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Maslah
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Charles Skarbek
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Catherine Gourson
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Marie‐Aude Plamont
- PASTEUR Département de chimie École normale supérieure PSL University Sorbonne Université CNRS 24, rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
| | - Stéphanie Pethe
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay 91405 Orsay France
| | - Ludovic Jullien
- PASTEUR Département de chimie École normale supérieure PSL University Sorbonne Université CNRS 24, rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
| | - Thomas Le Saux
- PASTEUR Département de chimie École normale supérieure PSL University Sorbonne Université CNRS 24, rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France
| | - Raphaël Labruère
- Université Paris-Saclay CNRS Institut de chimie moléculaire et des matériaux d'Orsay 91405 Orsay France
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Baglini E, Salerno S, Barresi E, Robello M, Da Settimo F, Taliani S, Marini AM. Multiple Topoisomerase I (TopoI), Topoisomerase II (TopoII) and Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase (TDP) inhibitors in the development of anticancer drugs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 156:105594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Luo L, Jia JJ, Zhong Q, Zhong X, Zheng S, Wang G, He L. Synthesis and anticancer activity evaluation of naphthalene-substituted triazole spirodienones. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 213:113039. [PMID: 33261898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Building on our previous work that discovered 1,2,4-triazole-spirodienone as a promising pharmacophore for anticancer activity, we have further diversified 1,2,4-triazole- spirodienone derivatives and synthesized a series of novel naphthalene-substituted triazole spirodienones to explore their antineoplastic activity. Of these, compound 6a possesses remarkable in vitro cytotoxic activity by arresting cell cycle and inducing apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. Subsequently, acute toxicity assay showed that 6a at 20 mg/kg has no apparent toxicity to the major organ in mice. In addition, compound 6ain vivo suppressed breast cancer 4T1 tumor growth. Taken together, these results indicate that compound 6a may be a potential anticancer agent for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jing Jing Jia
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Qiu Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA.
| | - Xue Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Shilong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA.
| | - Guangdi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and RCMI Cancer Research Center, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA 70125, USA.
| | - Ling He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, Sichuan Engineering Laboratory for Plant-Sourced Drug and Sichuan Research Center for Drug Precision Industrial Technology, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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Aichinger G, Lichtenberger FB, Steinhauer TN, Flörkemeier I, Del Favero G, Clement B, Marko D. The Aza-Analogous Benzo[ c]phenanthridine P8-D6 Acts as a Dual Topoisomerase I and II Poison, thus Exhibiting Potent Genotoxic Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071524. [PMID: 32230817 PMCID: PMC7180443 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The benzo[c]phenanthridine P8-D6 was recently found to suppress the catalytic activity of both human topoisomerase (Topo) I and II. Concomitantly, potent cytotoxic activity was observed in different human tumor cell lines, raising questions about the underlying mechanisms in vitro. In the present study, we addressed the question of whether P8-D6 acts as a so-called Topo poison, stabilizing the covalent Topo-DNA intermediate, thus inducing fatal DNA strand breaks in proliferating cells. In HT-29 colon carcinoma cells, fluorescence imaging revealed P8-D6 to be taken up by the cells and to accumulate in the perinuclear region. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that the compound is partially located inside the nuclei, thus reaching the potential target. In the "in vivo complex of enzyme" (ICE) bioassay, treatment of HT-29 cells with P8-D6 for 1 h significantly enhanced the proportion of Topo I and II covalently linked to the DNA in concentrations ≥1 µM, indicating effective dual Topo poisoning. Potentially resulting DNA damage was analyzed by single-cell gel electrophoresis ("comet assay"). Already at 1 h of incubation, significant genotoxic effects were observed in the comet assay in concentrations as low as 1 nM. Taken together, the present study demonstrates the high Topo-poisoning and genotoxic potential of P8-D6 in human tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Aichinger
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Waehringerstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.A.); (F.-B.L.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Falk-Bach Lichtenberger
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Waehringerstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.A.); (F.-B.L.); (G.D.F.)
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gutenbergstraße 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.N.S.); (I.F.); (B.C.)
| | - Tamara N. Steinhauer
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gutenbergstraße 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.N.S.); (I.F.); (B.C.)
| | - Inken Flörkemeier
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gutenbergstraße 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.N.S.); (I.F.); (B.C.)
| | - Giorgia Del Favero
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Waehringerstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.A.); (F.-B.L.); (G.D.F.)
| | - Bernd Clement
- Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Pharmaceutical Institute, Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Gutenbergstraße 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany; (T.N.S.); (I.F.); (B.C.)
| | - Doris Marko
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Waehringerstr. 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (G.A.); (F.-B.L.); (G.D.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Tian QT, Ding CY, Song SS, Wang YQ, Zhang A, Miao ZH. New tanshinone I derivatives S222 and S439 similarly inhibit topoisomerase I/II but reveal different p53-dependency in inducing G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 154:255-264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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