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Jadav T, Rajput N, Kumar H, Behera SK, Sengupta P. Induction effect of antiretroviral bictegravir on the expression of Abcb1, Abcg2 and Abcc1 genes associated with P-gp, BCRP and MRP1 transporters present in rat peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024; 20:529-539. [PMID: 38712502 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2352462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiretrovirals have the potential to cause drug interactions leading to inefficacy or toxicity via induction of efflux transporters through nuclear receptors, altering drug concentrations at their target sites. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This study used molecular dynamic simulations and qRT-PCR to investigate bictegravir's interactions with nuclear receptors PXR and CAR, and its effects on efflux transporters (P-gp, BCRP, MRP1) in rat PBMCs. PBMC/plasma drug concentrations were measured using LC-MS/MS to assess the functional impact of transporter expression. RESULTS Bictegravir significantly increased the expression of ABC transporters, with Car identified as a key mediator. This suggests that bictegravir's influence on nuclear receptors could affect drug transport and efficacy at the cellular level. CONCLUSIONS Bictegravir activates nuclear receptors enhancing efflux transporter expression. Understanding these interactions is crucial for preventing drug-drug interactions and reducing toxicity in clinical use. Combining CAR antagonists with bictegravir may prevent drug resistance and toxicity. However, these findings are based on preclinical data and necessitate further clinical trials to confirm their applicability in clinical settings.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Rats
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Drug Interactions
- Male
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings/pharmacology
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings/pharmacokinetics
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring/pharmacology
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring/pharmacokinetics
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring/administration & dosage
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Pregnane X Receptor/genetics
- Pregnane X Receptor/metabolism
- Molecular Dynamics Simulation
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/genetics
- Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Constitutive Androstane Receptor
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism
- Chromatography, Liquid/methods
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Dioxolanes/pharmacology
- Dioxolanes/pharmacokinetics
- Dioxolanes/administration & dosage
- Amides
- Pyridones
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarang Jadav
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Niraj Rajput
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Behera
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad (NIPER-A), An Institute of National Importance, Government of India, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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2
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Liu S, Tormena CF, Hammond GB, Xu B. Broadly Applicable Ion Pair-Assisted Nucleophilic Substitution of sp 3-Carbon Electrophiles with Alkynyltrifluoroborates. Org Lett 2022; 24:6298-6303. [PMID: 35981324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alkynyltrifluoroborate nucleophiles react smoothly with a wide range of sp3-carbon electrophiles, including propargyl methanesulfonates and unactivated alkyl triflates, to give Sonogashira-type products, via a novel ion pair-assisted nucleophilic substitution mechanism. An ion pair-organic complex, investigated using computational chemistry and in situ NMR experiments, may play a crucial role in this reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Liu
- College of Textiles and Clothing, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, China
| | - Cláudio F Tormena
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Gerald B Hammond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville. Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States
| | - Bo Xu
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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3
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Schlimpen F, Plaçais C, Starck E, Bénéteau V, Pale P, Chassaing S. α-Tertiary Propargylamine Synthesis via KA 2-Type Coupling Reactions under Solvent-Free Cu I-Zeolite Catalysis. J Org Chem 2021; 86:16593-16613. [PMID: 34806367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The potential of copper(I)-zeolite catalysis was evaluated in the three-component KA2-coupling mediated synthesis of α-tertiary propargylamines. Our archetypal copper(I)-doped zeolite CuI-USY proved to be efficient under ligand- and solvent-free conditions at 80 °C. Usable up to four times, this catalytic material enables the coupling of diverse ketones, alkynes, and amines with a broad functional group tolerance. A decarboxylative and a desilylative version, respectively, involving an alkynoic acid and trimethylsilylacetylene as alkyne surrogates, was also set up to bypass selectivity issues and/or to access α-tertiary propargylamines that are unattainable under standard KA2 conditions. Interestingly, the KA2-type coupling reactions were successfully linked to other CuI-catalyzed reactions, thus resulting in sequential one-pot processes under full CuI-USY catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schlimpen
- Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité Organique et Catalyse (LASYROC), Institut de Chimie, CNRS-UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67070, France
| | - Clotilde Plaçais
- Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité Organique et Catalyse (LASYROC), Institut de Chimie, CNRS-UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67070, France
| | - Eliot Starck
- Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité Organique et Catalyse (LASYROC), Institut de Chimie, CNRS-UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67070, France
| | - Valérie Bénéteau
- Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité Organique et Catalyse (LASYROC), Institut de Chimie, CNRS-UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67070, France
| | - Patrick Pale
- Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité Organique et Catalyse (LASYROC), Institut de Chimie, CNRS-UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67070, France
| | - Stefan Chassaing
- Laboratoire de Synthèse, Réactivité Organique et Catalyse (LASYROC), Institut de Chimie, CNRS-UMR7177, Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, Strasbourg 67070, France
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Shizu R, Nishiguchi H, Tashiro S, Sato T, Sugawara A, Kanno Y, Hosaka T, Sasaki T, Yoshinari K. Helix 12 stabilization contributes to basal transcriptional activity of PXR. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100978. [PMID: 34284062 PMCID: PMC8390552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR) plays an important role in xenobiotic metabolism. While ligand binding induces PXR-dependent gene transcription, PXR shows constitutive transcriptional activity in the absence of ligands when expressed in cultured cells. This constitutive activity sometimes hampers investigation of PXR activation by compounds of interest. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of PXR activation. In the reported crystal structures of unliganded PXR, helix 12 (H12), including a coactivator binding motif, was stabilized, while it is destabilized in the unliganded structures of other nuclear receptors, suggesting a role for H12 stabilization in the basal activity of PXR. Since Phe420, located in the loop between H11 and H12, is thought to interact with Leu411 and Ile414 to stabilize H12, we substituted alanine at Phe420 (PXR-F420A) and separately inserted three alanine residues directly after Phe420 (PXR-3A) and investigated their influence on PXR-mediated transcription. Reporter gene assays demonstrated that the mutants showed drastically reduced basal activity and enhanced responses to various ligands, which was further enhanced by coexpression of the coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α. Mutations of both Leu411 and Ile414 to alanine also suppressed basal activity. Mammalian two-hybrid assays showed that PXR-F420A and PXR-3A bound to corepressors and coactivators in the absence and presence of ligands, respectively. We conclude that the intramolecular interactions of Phe420 with Leu411 and Ile414 stabilize H12 to recruit coactivators even in the absence of ligands, contributing to the basal transcriptional activity of PXR. We propose that the generated mutants might be useful for PXR ligand screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Shizu
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Hikaru Nishiguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sarii Tashiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takumi Sato
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sugawara
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kanno
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takuomi Hosaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Sasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kouichi Yoshinari
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
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Ma K, Zhao L, Yue Y, Huo F, Chao J, Yin C. Thiol “Click” Chromene Ring Opening and Subsequent Cascade Nucleophilic Cyclization NIR Fluorescence Imaging Reveal High Levels of Thiol in Drug-Resistant Cells. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15936-15942. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Lingling Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yongkang Yue
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Fangjun Huo
- Research Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jianbin Chao
- Research Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Caixia Yin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Molecular Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Mast N, El-Darzi N, Petrov AM, Li Y, Pikuleva IA. CYP46A1-dependent and independent effects of efavirenz treatment. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa180. [PMID: 33305262 PMCID: PMC7713991 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol excess in the brain is mainly disposed via cholesterol 24-hydroxylation catalysed by cytochrome P450 46A1, a CNS-specific enzyme. Cytochrome P450 46A1 is emerging as a promising therapeutic target for various brain diseases with both enzyme activation and inhibition having therapeutic potential. The rate of cholesterol 24-hydroxylation determines the rate of brain cholesterol turnover and the rate of sterol flux through the plasma membranes. The latter was shown to affect membrane properties and thereby membrane proteins and membrane-dependent processes. Previously we found that treatment of 5XFAD mice, an Alzheimer's disease model, with a small dose of anti-HIV drug efavirenz allosterically activated cytochrome P450 46A1 in the brain and mitigated several disease manifestations. Herein, we generated Cyp46a1-/- 5XFAD mice and treated them, along with 5XFAD animals, with efavirenz to ascertain cytochrome P450 46A1-dependent and independent drug effects. Efavirenz-treated versus control Cyp46a1-/- 5XFAD and 5XFAD mice were compared for the brain sterol and steroid hormone content, amyloid β burden, protein and mRNA expression as well as synaptic ultrastructure. We found that the cytochrome P450 46A1-dependent efavirenz effects included changes in the levels of brain sterols, steroid hormones, and such proteins as glial fibrillary acidic protein, Iba1, Munc13-1, post-synaptic density-95, gephyrin, synaptophysin and synapsin-1. Changes in the expression of genes involved in neuroprotection, neurogenesis, synaptic function, inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis were also cytochrome P450 46A1-dependent. The total amyloid β load was the same in all groups of animals, except lack of cytochrome P450 46A1 decreased the production of the amyloid β40 species independent of treatment. In contrast, altered transcription of genes from cholinergic, monoaminergic, and peptidergic neurotransmission, steroid sulfation and production as well as vitamin D3 activation was the main CYP46A1-independent efavirenz effect. Collectively, the data obtained reveal that CYP46A1 controls cholesterol availability for the production of steroid hormones in the brain and the levels of biologically active neurosteroids. In addition, cytochrome P450 46A1 activity also seems to affect the levels of post-synaptic density-95, the main postsynaptic density protein, possibly by altering the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor 1 expression and activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3β. Even at a small dose, efavirenz likely acts as a transcriptional regulator, yet this regulation may not necessarily lead to functional effects. This study further confirmed that cytochrome P450 46A1 is a key enzyme for cholesterol homeostasis in the brain and that the therapeutic efavirenz effects on 5XFAD mice are likely realized via cytochrome P450 46A1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Mast
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nicole El-Darzi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alexey M Petrov
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Young Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Irina A Pikuleva
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Heck CJS, Hamlin AN, Bumpus NN. Efavirenz and Efavirenz-like Compounds Activate Human, Murine, and Macaque Hepatic IRE1 α-XBP1. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 95:183-195. [PMID: 30442673 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.113647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Efavirenz (EFV), a widely used antiretroviral drug, is associated with idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity and dyslipidemia. Here we demonstrate that EFV stimulates the activation in primary hepatocytes of key cell stress regulators: inositol-requiring 1α (IRE1α) and X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). Following EFV exposure, XBP1 splicing (indicating activation) was increased 35.7-fold in primary human hepatocytes. In parallel, XBP1 splicing and IRE1α phosphorylation (p-IRE1α, active IRE1α) were elevated 36.4-fold and 4.9-fold, respectively, in primary mouse hepatocytes. Of note, with EFV treatment, 47.2% of mouse hepatocytes were apoptotic; which was decreased to 23.9% in the presence of STF 083010, an inhibitor of XBP1 splicing. Experiments performed using pregnane X receptor (PXR)-null mouse hepatocytes revealed that EFV-mediated XBP1 splicing and hepatocyte death were not dependent on PXR, which is a nuclear receptor transcription factor that plays a crucial role in the cellular response to xenobiotics. Interestingly, incubation with the primary metabolite of EFV, 8-hydroxyefavirenz (8-OHEFV), only resulted in 10.3- and 2.9-fold increased XBP1 splicing in human and mouse hepatocytes and no change in levels of p-IRE1α in mouse hepatocytes. To further probe the structure-activity relationship of IRE1α-XBP1 activation by EFV, 16 EFV analogs were employed. Of these, an analog in which the EFV alkyne is replaced with an alkene and an analog in which the oxazinone oxygen is replaced by a carbon stimulated XBP1 splicing in human, mouse, and macaque hepatocytes. These data demonstrate that EFV and compounds sharing the EFV scaffold can activate IRE1α-XBP1 across human, mouse, and macaque species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carley J S Heck
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (C.J.S.H., N.N.B.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology (A.N.H., N.N.B.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Allyson N Hamlin
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (C.J.S.H., N.N.B.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology (A.N.H., N.N.B.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Namandjé N Bumpus
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (C.J.S.H., N.N.B.) and Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology (A.N.H., N.N.B.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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