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Hoang SH, Tveter KM, Mezhibovsky E, Roopchand DE. Proanthocyanidin B2 derived metabolites may be ligands for bile acid receptors S1PR2, PXR and CAR: an in silico approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:4249-4262. [PMID: 37340688 PMCID: PMC10730774 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2224886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) act as signaling molecules via their interactions with various nuclear (FXR, VDR, PXR and CAR) and G-protein coupled (TGR5, M3R, S1PR2) BA receptors. Stimulation of these BA receptors influences several processes, including inflammatory responses and glucose and xenobiotic metabolism. BA profiles and BA receptor activity are deregulated in cardiometabolic diseases; however, dietary polyphenols were shown to alter BA profile and signaling in association with improved metabolic phenotypes. We previously reported that supplementing mice with a proanthocyanidin (PAC)-rich grape polyphenol (GP) extract attenuated symptoms of glucose intolerance in association with changes to BA profiles, BA receptor gene expression, and/or downstream markers of BA receptor activity. Exact mechanisms by which polyphenols modulate BA signaling are not known, but some hypotheses include modulation of the BA profile via changes to gut bacteria, or alteration of ligand-availability via BA sequestration. Herein, we used an in silico approach to investigate putative binding affinities of proanthocyanidin B2 (PACB2) and PACB2 metabolites to nuclear and G-protein coupled BA receptors. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations revealed that certain PACB2 metabolites had stable binding affinities to S1PR2, PXR and CAR, comparable to that of known natural and synthetic BA ligands. These findings suggest PACB2 metabolites may be novel ligands of S1PR2, CAR, and PXR receptors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skyler H. Hoang
- Department of Food Science, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Center for Nutrition, Microbiome, and Health), Rutgers University, 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901 USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kevin M. Tveter
- Department of Food Science, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Center for Nutrition, Microbiome, and Health), Rutgers University, 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901 USA
| | - Esther Mezhibovsky
- Department of Food Science, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Center for Nutrition, Microbiome, and Health), Rutgers University, 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901 USA
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Diana E. Roopchand
- Department of Food Science, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health (Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Center for Nutrition, Microbiome, and Health), Rutgers University, 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901 USA
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2
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Huber AD, Poudel S, Wu J, Miller DJ, Lin W, Yang L, Bwayi MN, Rimmer MA, Gee RRF, Seetharaman J, Chai SC, Chen T. A bromodomain-independent mechanism of gene regulation by the BET inhibitor JQ1: direct activation of nuclear receptor PXR. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:1661-1676. [PMID: 38084912 PMCID: PMC10899790 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins are extensively studied in multiple pathologies, including cancer. BET proteins modulate transcription of various genes, including those synonymous with cancer, such as MYC. Thus, BET inhibitors are a major area of drug development efforts. (+)-JQ1 (JQ1) is the prototype inhibitor and is a common tool to probe BET functions. While showing therapeutic promise, JQ1 is not clinically usable, partly due to metabolic instability. Here, we show that JQ1 and the BET-inactive (-)-JQ1 are agonists of pregnane X receptor (PXR), a nuclear receptor that transcriptionally regulates genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes such as CYP3A4, which was previously shown to oxidize JQ1. A PXR-JQ1 co-crystal structure identified JQ1's tert-butyl moiety as a PXR anchor and explains binding by (-)-JQ1. Analogs differing at the tert-butyl lost PXR binding, validating our structural findings. Evaluation in liver cell models revealed both PXR-dependent and PXR-independent modulation of CYP3A4 expression by BET inhibitors. We have characterized a non-BET JQ1 target, a mechanism of physiological JQ1 instability, a biological function of (-)-JQ1, and BET-dependent transcriptional regulation of drug metabolism genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Huber
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Shyaron Poudel
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Darcie J Miller
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Monicah N Bwayi
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Mary Ashley Rimmer
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Rebecca R Florke Gee
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jayaraman Seetharaman
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Sergio C Chai
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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Shizu R, Nishiguchi H, Tashiro S, Sato T, Sugawara A, Kanno Y, Hosaka T, Sasaki T, Yoshinari K. Helix 12 stabilization contributes to basal transcriptional activity of PXR. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100978. [PMID: 34284062 PMCID: PMC8390552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR) plays an important role in xenobiotic metabolism. While ligand binding induces PXR-dependent gene transcription, PXR shows constitutive transcriptional activity in the absence of ligands when expressed in cultured cells. This constitutive activity sometimes hampers investigation of PXR activation by compounds of interest. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of PXR activation. In the reported crystal structures of unliganded PXR, helix 12 (H12), including a coactivator binding motif, was stabilized, while it is destabilized in the unliganded structures of other nuclear receptors, suggesting a role for H12 stabilization in the basal activity of PXR. Since Phe420, located in the loop between H11 and H12, is thought to interact with Leu411 and Ile414 to stabilize H12, we substituted alanine at Phe420 (PXR-F420A) and separately inserted three alanine residues directly after Phe420 (PXR-3A) and investigated their influence on PXR-mediated transcription. Reporter gene assays demonstrated that the mutants showed drastically reduced basal activity and enhanced responses to various ligands, which was further enhanced by coexpression of the coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α. Mutations of both Leu411 and Ile414 to alanine also suppressed basal activity. Mammalian two-hybrid assays showed that PXR-F420A and PXR-3A bound to corepressors and coactivators in the absence and presence of ligands, respectively. We conclude that the intramolecular interactions of Phe420 with Leu411 and Ile414 stabilize H12 to recruit coactivators even in the absence of ligands, contributing to the basal transcriptional activity of PXR. We propose that the generated mutants might be useful for PXR ligand screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Shizu
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Hikaru Nishiguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sarii Tashiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takumi Sato
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sugawara
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kanno
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takuomi Hosaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Sasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Kouichi Yoshinari
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.
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Li H, Illés P, Karunaratne CV, Nordstrøm LU, Luo X, Yang A, Qiu Y, Kurland IJ, Lukin DJ, Chen W, Jiskrová E, Krasulová K, Pečinková P, DesMarais VM, Liu Q, Albanese JM, Akki A, Longo M, Coffin B, Dou W, Mani S, Dvořák Z. Deciphering structural bases of intestinal and hepatic selectivity in targeting pregnane X receptor with indole-based microbial mimics. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104661. [PMID: 33636438 PMCID: PMC8646148 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbial metabolite mimicry is a new concept that promises to deliver compounds that have minimal liabilities and enhanced therapeutic effects in a host. In a previous publication, we have shown that microbial metabolites of L-tryptophan, indoles, when chemically altered, yielded potent anti-inflammatory pregnane X Receptor (PXR)-targeting lead compounds, FKK5 and FKK6, targeting intestinal inflammation. Our aim in this study was to further define structure-activity relationships between indole analogs and PXR, we removed the phenyl-sulfonyl group or replaced the pyridyl residue with imidazolopyridyl of FKK6. Our results showed that while removal of the phenyl-sulfonyl group from FKK6 (now called CVK003) shifts agonist activity away from PXR towards the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), the imidazolopyridyl addition preserves PXR activity in vitro. However, when these compounds are administered to mice, that unlike the parent molecule, FKK6, they exhibit poor induction of PXR target genes in the intestines and the liver. These data suggest that modifications of FKK6 specifically in the pyridyl moiety can result in compounds with weak PXR activity in vivo. These observations are a significant step forward for understanding the structure-activity relationships (SAR) between indole mimics and receptors, PXR and AhR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Peter Illés
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Xiaoping Luo
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Annie Yang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Yunping Qiu
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Irwin J Kurland
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Dana J Lukin
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Weijie Chen
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Eva Jiskrová
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Krasulová
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Pečinková
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Vera M DesMarais
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Joseph M Albanese
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ashwin Akki
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Longo
- Department of Medical Education, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Breyen Coffin
- Department of Medical Education, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Wei Dou
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sridhar Mani
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Zdeněk Dvořák
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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5
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Husain I, Manda V, Alhusban M, Dale OR, Bae JY, Avula B, Gurley BJ, Chittiboyina AG, Khan IA, Khan SI. Modulation of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 activity by Bulbine natalensis and its constituents: An assessment of HDI risk of B. natalensis containing supplements. Phytomedicine 2021; 81:153416. [PMID: 33321412 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bulbine natalensis is an African-folk medicinal plant used as a dietary supplement for enhancing sexual function and muscle strength in males by presumably boosting testosterone levels, but no scientific information is available about the possible herb-drug interaction (HDI) risk when bulbine-containing supplements are concomitantly taken with prescription drugs. PURPOSE This study was aimed to investigate the HDI potential of B. natalensis in terms of the pregnane X receptor (PXR)-mediated induction of major drug-metabolizing cytochrome P450 enzyme isoforms (i.e., CYP3A4 and CYP2C9) as well as inhibition of their catalytic activity. RESULTS We found that a methanolic extract of B. natalensis activated PXR (EC50 6.2 ± 0.6 µg/ml) in HepG2 cells resulting in increased mRNA expression of CYP3A4 (2.40 ± 0.01 fold) and CYP2C9 (3.37 ± 0.3 fold) at 30 µg/ml which was reflected in increased activites of the two enzymes. Among the constituents of B. natalensis, knipholone was the most potent PXR activator (EC50 0.3 ± 0.1 µM) followed by bulbine-knipholone (EC50 2.0 ± 0.5 µM), and 6'-methylknipholone (EC50 4.0 ± 0.5 µM). Knipholone was also the most effective in increasing the expression of CYP3A4 (8.47 ± 2.5 fold) and CYP2C9 (2.64 ± 0.3 fold) at 10 µM. Docking studies further confirmed the unique structural features associated with knipholones for their superior inductive potentials in the activation of PXR compared to other anthraquinones. In a CYP inhibition assay, the methanolic extract as well as the anthraquinones strongly inhibited the catalytic activity of CYP2C9 while, inhibition of CYP3A4 was weak. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that consumption of B. natalensis may pose a potential risk for HDI if taken with conventional medications that are substrates of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 and may contribute to unanticipated adverse reactions or therapeutic failures. Further studies are warranted to validate these findings and establish their clinical relevancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Husain
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Vamshi Manda
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Manal Alhusban
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States; Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, Amman 19392, Jordan
| | - Olivia R Dale
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Ji-Yeong Bae
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States; College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
| | - Bharathi Avula
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Bill J Gurley
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Amar G Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States; Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States; Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States.
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6
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Dvořák Z, Kopp F, Costello CM, Kemp JS, Li H, Vrzalová A, Štěpánková M, Bartoňková I, Jiskrová E, Poulíková K, Vyhlídalová B, Nordstroem LU, Karunaratne CV, Ranhotra HS, Mun KS, Naren AP, Murray IA, Perdew GH, Brtko J, Toporova L, Schön A, Wallace BD, Walton WG, Redinbo MR, Sun K, Beck A, Kortagere S, Neary MC, Chandran A, Vishveshwara S, Cavalluzzi MM, Lentini G, Cui JY, Gu H, March JC, Chatterjee S, Matson A, Wright D, Flannigan KL, Hirota SA, Sartor RB, Mani S. Targeting the pregnane X receptor using microbial metabolite mimicry. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11621. [PMID: 32153125 PMCID: PMC7136958 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The human PXR (pregnane X receptor), a master regulator of drug metabolism, has essential roles in intestinal homeostasis and abrogating inflammation. Existing PXR ligands have substantial off-target toxicity. Based on prior work that established microbial (indole) metabolites as PXR ligands, we proposed microbial metabolite mimicry as a novel strategy for drug discovery that allows exploiting previously unexplored parts of chemical space. Here, we report functionalized indole derivatives as first-in-class non-cytotoxic PXR agonists as a proof of concept for microbial metabolite mimicry. The lead compound, FKK6 (Felix Kopp Kortagere 6), binds directly to PXR protein in solution, induces PXR-specific target gene expression in cells, human organoids, and mice. FKK6 significantly represses pro-inflammatory cytokine production cells and abrogates inflammation in mice expressing the human PXR gene. The development of FKK6 demonstrates for the first time that microbial metabolite mimicry is a viable strategy for drug discovery and opens the door to underexploited regions of chemical space.
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Zhang YM, Wang T, Yang XS. An in vitro and in silico investigation of human pregnane X receptor agonistic activity of poly- and perfluorinated compounds using the heuristic method-best subset and comparative similarity indices analysis. Chemosphere 2020; 240:124789. [PMID: 31561157 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Poly- and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) may induce potential endocrine-disrupting hormonal effects. However, the molecular mechanism of the toxicology of PFCs remains unclear, and the insufficient information is available on the biological activities of PFCs at present. In this study, the cell-based reporter gene assays were used to determine the agonistic activity of PFCs on the human pregnane X receptor (hPXR). The heuristic method combined with best subset modeling (HM-BSM) based on Dragon descriptors and comparative similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) were employed to build classical quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) and three-dimensional QSAR models, respectively. The applicability domain (AD) of the classical QSAR model was assessed. Both the HM-BSM and CoMSIA approaches demonstrated good robustness, predictive ability, and mechanistic interpretability. The r2 and leave-one-out cross-validation squared correlated coefficient (q2LOO) values were 0.872 and 0.759 for the HM-BSM, and 0.976 and 0.751 for the CoMSIA model, respectively. The hPXR agonistic activity of the PFCs predicted by the built HM-BSM and CoMSIA agreed well with experimental activity, with root mean square error (RMSE) values of 0.0803 and 0.117, respectively, and external validation squared correlated coefficients (q2EXT) of 0.972 and 0.932, respectively. The hPXR agonistic activity of PFCs was related to their molecular polarizability, charge and atomic mass. Hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions constituted the primary intermolecular forces between PFCs and the hPXR. The developed models were used to screen the PFCs with high hPXR agonistic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ming Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xu-Shu Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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8
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Li L, Welch MA, Li Z, Mackowiak B, Heyward S, Swaan PW, Wang H. Mechanistic Insights of Phenobarbital-Mediated Activation of Human but Not Mouse Pregnane X Receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:345-354. [PMID: 31436536 PMCID: PMC6701513 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.116616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenobarbital (PB), a broadly used antiseizure drug, was the first to be characterized as an inducer of cytochrome P450 by activation of the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Although PB is recognized as a conserved CAR activator among species via a well-documented indirect activation mechanism, conflicting results have been reported regarding PB regulation of the pregnane X receptor (PXR), a sister receptor of CAR, and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that in a human CAR (hCAR)-knockout (KO) HepaRG cell line, PB significantly induces the expression of CYP2B6 and CYP3A4, two shared target genes of hCAR and human PXR (hPXR). In human primary hepatocytes and hCAR-KO HepaRG cells, PB-induced expression of CYP3A4 was markedly repressed by genetic knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of hPXR. Mechanistically, PB concentration dependently activates hPXR but not its mouse counterpart in cell-based luciferase assays. Mammalian two-hybrid assays demonstrated that PB selectively increases the functional interaction between the steroid receptor coactivator-1 and hPXR but not mouse PXR. Moreover, surface plasmon resonance binding affinity assay showed that PB directly binds to the ligand binding domain of hPXR (KD = 1.42 × 10-05). Structure-activity analysis further revealed that the amino acid tryptophan-299 within the ligand binding pocket of hPXR plays a key role in the agonistic binding of PB and mutation of tryptophan-299 disrupts PB activation of hPXR. Collectively, these data reveal that PB, a selective mouse CAR activator, activates both hCAR and hPXR, and provide novel mechanistic insights for PB-mediated activation of hPXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (L.L., M.A.W., Z.L., B.M., P.W.S., H.W.); and BioIVT, Halethorpe, Maryland (S.H.)
| | - Matthew A Welch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (L.L., M.A.W., Z.L., B.M., P.W.S., H.W.); and BioIVT, Halethorpe, Maryland (S.H.)
| | - Zhihui Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (L.L., M.A.W., Z.L., B.M., P.W.S., H.W.); and BioIVT, Halethorpe, Maryland (S.H.)
| | - Bryan Mackowiak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (L.L., M.A.W., Z.L., B.M., P.W.S., H.W.); and BioIVT, Halethorpe, Maryland (S.H.)
| | - Scott Heyward
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (L.L., M.A.W., Z.L., B.M., P.W.S., H.W.); and BioIVT, Halethorpe, Maryland (S.H.)
| | - Peter W Swaan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (L.L., M.A.W., Z.L., B.M., P.W.S., H.W.); and BioIVT, Halethorpe, Maryland (S.H.)
| | - Hongbing Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland (L.L., M.A.W., Z.L., B.M., P.W.S., H.W.); and BioIVT, Halethorpe, Maryland (S.H.)
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9
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Fantoukh OI, Dale OR, Parveen A, Hawwal MF, Ali Z, Manda VK, Khan SI, Chittiboyina AG, Viljoen A, Khan IA. Safety Assessment of Phytochemicals Derived from the Globalized South African Rooibos Tea ( Aspalathus linearis) through Interaction with CYP, PXR, and P-gp. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:4967-4975. [PMID: 30955332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Rooibos tea ( Aspalathus linearis) is a well-known South African herbal tea enjoyed worldwide. Limited reports indicate the potential of rooibos tea to alter the activity of certain cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isozymes. In this study, the phytochemical investigation of MeOH extract of A. linearis (leaves and stems) resulted in the isolation and characterization of 11 phenolic compounds. The MeOH extract exhibited significant inhibition of the major human CYP450 isozymes (CYP3A4, CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19). The strongest inhibition was observed by the extract for CYP3A4 (IC50 1.7 ± 0.1 μg/mL) followed by CYP2C19 (IC50 4.0 ± 0.3 μg/mL). Among the tested phytochemicals, the most potent inhibitors were isovitexin on CYP3A4 (IC50 3.4 ± 0.2 μM), vitexin on CYP2C9 (IC50 8.0 ± 0.2 μM), and thermopsoside on CYP2C19 (IC50 9.5 ± 0.2 μM). The two major, structurally related compounds aspalathin and nothofagin exhibited a moderate pregnane-X receptor (PXR) activation, which was associated with increased mRNA expression of CYP3A4 and CYP1A2, respectively. These results indicate that a high intake of nutraceuticals containing rooibos extracts may pose a risk of herb-drug interactions when consumed concomitantly with clinical drugs that are substrates of CYP enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer I Fantoukh
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences , School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh 4545 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Olivia R Dale
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Abidah Parveen
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences , School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Mohammed F Hawwal
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences , School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh 4545 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Vamshi K Manda
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences , School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Amar G Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Alvaro Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit , Tshwane University of Technology , Pretoria 0183 , South Africa
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy , The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences , School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
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10
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Lille-Langøy R, Karlsen OA, Myklebust LM, Goldstone JV, Mork-Jansson A, Male R, Blumberg B, Stegeman JJ, Goksøyr A. Sequence Variations in pxr (nr1i2) From Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Strains Affect Nuclear Receptor Function. Toxicol Sci 2019; 168:28-39. [PMID: 30371853 PMCID: PMC6390661 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulators of biotransformation are of particular interest in pharmacology and toxicology, determining in part the metabolism, disposition, and toxicity of chemicals. The nuclear receptor NR1I2 (pregnane X receptor, PXR) is a prominent xenosensor that regulates the expression of biotransformation enzymes governing elimination of many exogenous as well as endogenous compounds. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) has only one gene locus for pxr, but different genetic variants have been identified in zebrafish. However, the prevalence and significance of these variants are unknown. We hypothesize that sequence variation occurring in the Pxr gene of zebrafish may affect the action and fate of many chemicals in this species, a key model organism in various fields of research, including environmental toxicology. Here, we examine variation in Pxr sequences from four different strains of zebrafish and assess the responses of each Pxr to clotrimazole and butyl-4-aminobenzoate. The Pxr variants differed in both their ability to bind these structurally different ligands and to regulate reporter gene expression in vitro. We infer that the observed sequence variations in zebrafish Pxrs likely affect the response to putative Pxr agonists in vivo and potentially cause strain-specific biotransformation of xenobiotics in zebrafish. Thus, the choice of zebrafish strain could affect the outcome of downstream toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Lille-Langøy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, N-5006 Bergen, Norway
| | - Odd André Karlsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, N-5006 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Jared V Goldstone
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, U. S. A
| | - Astrid Mork-Jansson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, N-5006 Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Organelle Research, University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Rune Male
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, N-5006 Bergen, Norway
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, U. S. A
| | - John J Stegeman
- Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, U. S. A
| | - Anders Goksøyr
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, N-5006 Bergen, Norway
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11
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Narayanan B, Lade JM, Heck CJ, Dietz KD, Wade H, Bumpus NN. Probing Ligand Structure-Activity Relationships in Pregnane X Receptor (PXR): Efavirenz and 8-Hydroxyefavirenz Exhibit Divergence in Activation. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:736-747. [PMID: 29430850 PMCID: PMC6081956 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Efavirenz (EFV), an antiretroviral that interacts clinically with co-administered drugs via activation of the pregnane X receptor (PXR), is extensively metabolized by the cytochromes P450. We tested whether its primary metabolite, 8-hydroxyEFV (8-OHEFV) can activate PXR and potentially contribute to PXR-mediated drug-drug interactions attributed to EFV. Luciferase reporter assays revealed that despite only differing from EFV by an oxygen atom, 8-OHEFV does not activate PXR. Corroborating this, treatment with EFV for 72 h elevated the mRNA abundance of the PXR target gene, Cyp3a11, by approximately 28-fold in primary hepatocytes isolated from PXR-humanized mice, whereas treatment with 8-OHEFV did not result in a change in Cyp3A11 mRNA levels. FRET-based competitive binding assays and isothermal calorimetry demonstrated that even with the lack of ability to activate PXR, 8-OHEFV displays an affinity for PXR (IC50 12.1 μm; KD 7.9 μm) nearly identical to that of EFV (IC50 18.7 μm; KD 12.5 μm). The use of 16 EFV analogues suggest that other discreet changes to the EFV structure beyond the 8-position are well tolerated. Molecular docking simulations implicate an 8-OHEFV binding mode that may underlie its divergence in PXR activation from EFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargavi Narayanan
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe Street Hunterian 709 Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Julie M. Lade
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe St Biophysics 307 Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carley J.S. Heck
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe St Biophysics 307 Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin D. Dietz
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe Street Hunterian 709 Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Herschel Wade
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe Street Hunterian 709 Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Namandjé N. Bumpus
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe St Biophysics 307 Baltimore, MD, USA
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