1
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Zhu H, Manchado A, Omar Farah A, McKay AP, Cordes DB, Cheong PHY, Kasten K, Smith AD. Isothiourea-Catalysed Acylative Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Tetra-substituted Morpholinone and Benzoxazinone Lactols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402908. [PMID: 38713293 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The development of methods to allow the selective acylative dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of tetra-substituted lactols is a recognised synthetic challenge. In this manuscript, a highly enantioselective isothiourea-catalysed acylative DKR of tetra-substituted morpholinone and benzoxazinone-derived lactols is reported. The scope and limitations of this methodology have been developed, with high enantioselectivity and good to excellent yields (up to 89 %, 99 : 1 er) observed across a broad range of substrate derivatives incorporating substitution at N(4) and C(2), di- and spirocyclic substitution at C(5) and C(6), as well as benzannulation (>35 examples in total). The DKR process is amenable to scale-up on a 1 g laboratory scale. The factors leading to high selectivity in this DKR process have been probed through computation, with an N-C=O⋅⋅⋅isothiouronium interaction identified as key to producing ester products in highly enantioenriched form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiang Zhu
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Alejandro Manchado
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de los Caídos 1-5, 37008, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Abdikani Omar Farah
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Aidan P McKay
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - David B Cordes
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Paul Ha-Yeon Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Kevin Kasten
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
| | - Andrew D Smith
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, UK
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2
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Huynh PNH, Khamplong P, Phan MH, Nguyen TP, Vu PNL, Tang QV, Chamsodsai P, Seetaha S, Tuong TL, Vu TY, Vo DD, Choowongkomon K, Vo CVT. Asymmetric imidazole-4,5-dicarboxamide derivatives as SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors: design, synthesis and biological evaluation. RSC Med Chem 2024:d4md00414k. [PMID: 39345712 PMCID: PMC11423687 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00414k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 main protease, a vital enzyme for virus replication, is a potential target for developing drugs in COVID-19 treatment. Until now, three SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors have been approved for COVID-19 treatment. This study explored the inhibitory potency of asymmetric imidazole-4,5-dicarboxamide derivatives against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Fourteen derivatives were designed based on the structure of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease active site, the hydrolysis mechanism, and the experience gained from the reported inhibitor structures. They were synthesized through a four-step procedure from benzimidazole and 2-methylbenzimidazole. SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibition was evaluated in vitro by fluorogenic assay with lopinavir, ritonavir, and ebselen as positive references. N-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-4-(morpholine-4-carbonyl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxamide (5a2) exhibited the highest potency against the SARS-CoV-2 main protease with an IC50 of 4.79 ± 1.37 μM relative to ebselen with an IC50 of 0.04 ± 0.013 μM. Enzyme kinetic and molecular docking studies were carried out to clarify the inhibitory mechanism and to prove that the compound interacts at the active site. We also performed cytotoxicity assay to confirm that these compounds are not toxic to human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Nguyen Hoai Huynh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Phatcharin Khamplong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Minh-Hoang Phan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Phuc Nguyen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Phuong Ngoc Lan Vu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Quang-Vinh Tang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Phumin Chamsodsai
- Genetic Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Graduate School, Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Supaphorn Seetaha
- Genetic Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Graduate School, Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Truong Lam Tuong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Thien Y Vu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Duc-Duy Vo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University Husargatan 3 75237 Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University Husargatan 3 75237 Uppsala Sweden
- School of Applied Chemistry, Tra Vinh University 126 Nguyen Thien Thanh Street, Ward 5 Tra Vinh City Vietnam
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
- Genetic Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Graduate School, Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Cam-Van T Vo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
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3
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Papis M, Colombo S, Spanu D, Recchia S, Nava D, Foschi F, Broggini G, Loro C. Diastereoselective Palladaelectro-Catalyzed Construction of Bromomethyl Morpholines as Key Step To Access Morpholino Homonucleosides. Org Lett 2024; 26:6330-6334. [PMID: 39037909 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
A synthetic protocol for the preparation of a new class of morpholino homonucleosides in enantiopure form starting from readily available 1,2-aminoalcohols or glycidol has been developed. Key intermediates of the synthetic sequence are 2-bromomethyl morpholines, diastereoselectively achieved from the corresponding alkenols by palladaelectro-catalyzed alkoxybromination of unactivated alkenes. The so obtained bromo derivatives are in turn susceptible to functionalization with nucleic bases for easy access to morpholino homonucleosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Papis
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 9, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Sara Colombo
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 9, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Davide Spanu
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 9, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Sandro Recchia
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 9, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Donatella Nava
- DISFARM, Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica "A. Marchesini", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian 21, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Foschi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 9, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Broggini
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 9, 22100, Como, Italy
| | - Camilla Loro
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell'Insubria, Via Valleggio 9, 22100, Como, Italy
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4
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Yang K, Chen CB, Liu ZW, Li ZL, Zeng Y, Wang ZY. C 3-Alkylation of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines via Three-Component Aza-Friedel-Crafts Reaction Catalyzed by Y(OTf) 3. Molecules 2024; 29:3463. [PMID: 39124868 PMCID: PMC11313794 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
As an important class of nitrogen-containing fused heterocyclic compounds, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines often exhibit significant biological activities, such as analgesic, anticancer, antiosteoporosis, anxiolytic, etc. Using Y(OTf)3 as a Lewis acid catalyst, a simple and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of C3-alkylated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines through the three-component aza-Friedel-Crafts reaction of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines, aldehydes, and amines in the normal air atmosphere without the protection of inert gas and special requirements for anhydrous and anaerobic conditions. A series of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives were obtained with moderate to good yields, and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. Furthermore, this conversion has the advantages of simple operation, excellent functional group tolerance, high atomic economy, broad substrate scope, and can achieve gram-level reactions. Notably, this methodology may be conveniently applied to the further design and rapid synthesis of potential biologically active imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with multifunctional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (C.-B.C.); (Z.-W.L.); (Z.-L.L.)
| | - Cai-Bo Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (C.-B.C.); (Z.-W.L.); (Z.-L.L.)
| | - Zhao-Wen Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (C.-B.C.); (Z.-W.L.); (Z.-L.L.)
| | - Zhen-Lin Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China; (C.-B.C.); (Z.-W.L.); (Z.-L.L.)
| | - Yu Zeng
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Zhao-Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biomedicine, GDMPA Key Laboratory for Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chiral Pharmaceuticals, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, China;
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5
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Meinert H, Oehlschläger F, Cziegler C, Rockstroh J, Marzuoli I, Bisagni S, Lalk M, Bayer T, Iding H, Bornscheuer UT. Efficient Enzymatic Synthesis of Carbamates in Water Using Promiscuous Esterases/Acyltransferases. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405152. [PMID: 38739413 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Biocatalysis provides an attractive approach to facilitate synthetic reactions in aqueous media. Motivated by the discovery of promiscuous aminolysis activity of esterases, we exploited the esterase from Pyrobaculum calidifontis VA1 (PestE) for the synthesis of carbamates from different aliphatic, aromatic, and arylaliphatic amines and a set of carbonates such as dimethyl-, dibenzyl-, or diallyl carbonate. Thus, aniline and benzylamine derivatives, aliphatic and even secondary amines could be efficiently converted into the corresponding benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz)- or allyloxycarbonyl (Alloc)-protected products in bulk water, with (isolated) yields of up to 99 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Meinert
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Florian Oehlschläger
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Clemens Cziegler
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan Rockstroh
- Dept. of Cellular Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Irene Marzuoli
- Process Chemistry & Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacher Str. 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serena Bisagni
- Process Chemistry & Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacher Str. 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Lalk
- Dept. of Cellular Biochemistry and Metabolomics, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas Bayer
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans Iding
- Process Chemistry & Catalysis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacher Str. 124, 4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe T Bornscheuer
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Enzyme Catalysis, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
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6
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Lin S, Song Y, Sun Y, Lin W, Yu G, Liao X, Yang Q. Morpholine-modified Ru-based agents with multiple antibacterial mechanisms as metalloantibiotic candidates against Staphylococcus aureus infection. RSC Adv 2024; 14:20130-20144. [PMID: 38915333 PMCID: PMC11194541 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02667e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacteria resulting from the abuse and overuse of antibiotics have become a huge crisis in global public health security. Therefore, it is urgently needed to develop new antibacterial drugs with unique mechanisms of action. As a versatile moiety, morpholine has been widely employed to enhance the potency of numerous bioactive molecules. In this study, a series of ruthenium-based antibacterial agents modified with the morpholine moiety were designed and characterized, aiming to obtain a promising metalloantibiotic with a multitarget mechanism. Antibacterial activity screening demonstrated that the most active complex Ru(ii)-3 exhibited the strongest potency against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with an MIC value of only 0.78 μg mL-1, which is better than most clinically used antibiotics. Notably, Ru(ii)-3 not only possessed excellent bactericidal efficacy, but could also overcome bacterial resistance. Importantly, Ru(ii)-3 very efficiently removed biofilms produced by bacteria, inhibited the secretion of bacterial exotoxins, and enhanced the activity of many existing antibiotics. The results of mechanism studies confirmed that Ru(ii)-3 could destroy the bacterial membrane and induce ROS production in bacteria. Furthermore, animal infection models confirmed that Ru(ii)-3 showed significant anti-infective activity in vivo. Overall, this work demonstrated that a morpholine-modified ruthenium-based agent is a promising antibiotic candidate in tackling the crisis of drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University) Haikou 570311 China
| | - Yun Song
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Yajuan Sun
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Wenjing Lin
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Guangying Yu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Xiangwen Liao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Hainan Cancer Hospital Haikou 570100 China
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7
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Chu D, Zoll AJ, Ellman JA. Copper-Catalyzed Three-Component Synthesis of Highly Substituted Morpholines. Org Lett 2024; 26:4803-4807. [PMID: 38810982 PMCID: PMC11195447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Unprotected, highly substituted morpholines were obtained through a copper-catalyzed three-component reaction utilizing amino alcohols, aldehydes, and diazomalonates. The transformation was effective for diversely substituted aldehydes and for a broad range of readily available vicinal amino alcohols, including those derived from glycine, α-substituted, and α,α-disubstituted amino acids. Epimerization of morpholines using light-mediated stereochemical editing was demonstrated, and the unprotected morpholine products were readily elaborated through efficient transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Chu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 04720, United States
| | - Adam J Zoll
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 04720, United States
| | - Jonathan A Ellman
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 04720, United States
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8
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Tang SA, Fults A, Boyd SR, Gattu N, Tran KA, Fan J, MacKenzie KR, Palzkill T, Young DW, Chamakuri S. Expanding Complex Morpholines Using Systematic Chemical Diversity. Org Lett 2024; 26:3493-3497. [PMID: 38506470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The morpholine heterocycle is a structural unit found in many bioactive compounds and FDA-approved drugs, but the generation of more complex C-functionalized morpholine derivatives remains considerably underexplored. Using systematic chemical diversity (SCD), a concept that guides the expansion of saturated drug-like scaffolds through regiochemical and stereochemical variation, we describe the synthesis of a collection of methyl-substituted morpholine acetic acid esters starting from enantiomerically pure amino acids and amino alcohols. In total, 24 diverse substituted morpholines were produced that vary systematically in regiochemistry and stereochemistry (relative and absolute). These diverse C-substituted morpholines can be directly applied in fragment screening or incorporated as building blocks in medicinal chemistry and library synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Ann Tang
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Afton Fults
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Shelton R Boyd
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Nikhil Gattu
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Kevin A Tran
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jiayi Fan
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Kevin R MacKenzie
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Timothy Palzkill
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Damian W Young
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Srinivas Chamakuri
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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9
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Huo T, Zhao X, Cheng Z, Wei J, Zhu M, Dou X, Jiao N. Late-stage modification of bioactive compounds: Improving druggability through efficient molecular editing. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1030-1076. [PMID: 38487004 PMCID: PMC10935128 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Synthetic chemistry plays an indispensable role in drug discovery, contributing to hit compounds identification, lead compounds optimization, candidate drugs preparation, and so on. As Nobel Prize laureate James Black emphasized, "the most fruitful basis for the discovery of a new drug is to start with an old drug"1. Late-stage modification or functionalization of drugs, natural products and bioactive compounds have garnered significant interest due to its ability to introduce diverse elements into bioactive compounds promptly. Such modifications alter the chemical space and physiochemical properties of these compounds, ultimately influencing their potency and druggability. To enrich a toolbox of chemical modification methods for drug discovery, this review focuses on the incorporation of halogen, oxygen, and nitrogen-the ubiquitous elements in pharmacophore components of the marketed drugs-through late-stage modification in recent two decades, and discusses the state and challenges faced in these fields. We also emphasize that increasing cooperation between chemists and pharmacists may be conducive to the rapid discovery of new activities of the functionalized molecules. Ultimately, we hope this review would serve as a valuable resource, facilitating the application of late-stage modification in the construction of novel molecules and inspiring innovative concepts for designing and building new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyu Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zengrui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jialiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Minghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaodong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing 102206, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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10
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Dutta S, Kim JH, Bhatt K, Rickertsen DRL, Abboud KA, Ghiviriga I, Seidel D. Alicyclic-Amine-Derived Imine-BF 3 Complexes: Easy-to-Make Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Valuable α-Functionalized Azacycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202313247. [PMID: 37909921 PMCID: PMC10835740 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy to access α-functionalized alicyclic amines via their corresponding imine-BF3 complexes is reported. Isolable imine-BF3 complexes, readily prepared via dehydrohalogenation of N-bromoamines in a base-promoted/18-crown-6 catalyzed process followed by addition of boron trifluoride etherate, undergo reactions with a wide range of organometallic nucleophiles to afford α-functionalized azacycles. Organozinc and organomagnesium nucleophiles add at ambient temperatures, obviating the need for cryogenic conditions. In situ preparation of imine-BF3 complexes provides access to α-functionalized morpholines and piperazines directly from their parent amines in a single operation. α-Functionalized morpholines can be elaborated further, for instance by installing a second substituent in the α'-position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhradeep Dutta
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jae Hyun Kim
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kamal Bhatt
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Dillon R L Rickertsen
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Khalil A Abboud
- Center for X-ray Crystallography, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ion Ghiviriga
- Center for NMR Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Daniel Seidel
- Center for Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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11
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Liu X, Sun Y, Hong S, Ji X, Gao W, Yuan H, Zhang Y, Lei B, Tang L, Fan Z. Synthesis of fungicidal morpholines and isochromenopyridinones via acid-catalyzed intramolecular reactions of isoindolinones. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 22:120-125. [PMID: 38050463 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01717f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Acid-catalyzed intramolecular cyclization or rearrangement of isoindolinone derivatives is described. 3-Hydroxy/ethoxy-3,4-dihydro-6H-[1,4]-oxazino-[3,4-a]-isoindol-6-ones are obtained in moderate to good yields. Further acid-catalyzed intramolecular rearrangement reactions give 6H-isochromeno-[4,3-b]-pyridin-6-ones. The mild reaction conditions with convenient starting materials show broad substrate scope and provide the target compounds as novel pesticide leads with good fungicidal or systemical acquired resistance activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaru Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Haolin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Lei
- Pesticide Production and Experiment Center, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
| | - Liangfu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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12
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Tayal S, Singh V, Bhatnagar S. 3D-QSAR and ADMET studies of morpholino-pyrimidine inhibitors of DprE1 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-20. [PMID: 38112325 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2294496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
DprE1 is involved in the synthesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell wall and is a potent drug target for Tuberculosis (TB) treatment. The structure and dynamics of the loops L-I and L-II flanking the inhibitor binding site was studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and MMPBSA in Amber v18. Docking and three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) of 55 Morpholino-pyrimidine (MP) inhibitors was carried out using Autodock v1.2.0 and Forge v10. ADMET analysis was done using SwissADME and pkCSM. All MP inhibitors docked in the DprE1 binding pocket, making contacts with L-II residues. MD studies showed that L-I and L-II unfold in the absence of the inhibitor but fold stably structure with reduced protein motions in the presence of MP-38, the highest affinity inhibitor. This was confirmed by k-means clustering and secondary structure analysis. L-II residues, L317, F320 and R325 contributed most towards the MMPBSA binding free energy of MP-38. A robust field-based 3D-QSAR model showed values of r2train = 0.982, r2test = 0.702 and q2 = 0.516. The MP inhibitor field points were broadly divided into negative electrostatics near the A, B rings and hydrophobic electrostatics near the D, E rings. Addition of negative groups at methanone position and ring B as well as addition of hydrophobic and bulky groups at ring E will improve activity. Highly active compounds 47, 49 and 50 of MP series exhibited highly favourable drug-like properties. SAR and ADMET insights attained from this model will help in the development of active DprE1 inhibitors in future.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Tayal
- Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Vasundhara Singh
- Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonika Bhatnagar
- Computational and Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
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13
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Ma H, Tang Y, Rong F, Wang K, Wang T, Li P. Surface charge adaptive nitric oxide nanogenerator for enhanced photothermal eradication of drug-resistant biofilm infections. Bioact Mater 2023; 27:154-167. [PMID: 37064802 PMCID: PMC10091033 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to protection of extracellular polymeric substances, the therapeutic efficiency of conventional antimicrobial agents is often impeded by their poor infiltration and accumulation in biofilm. Herein, one type of surface charge adaptable nitric oxide (NO) nanogenerator was developed for biofilm permeation, retention and eradication. This nanogenerator (PDG@Au-NO/PBAM) is composed of a core-shell structure: thermo-sensitive NO donor conjugated AuNPs on cationic poly(dopamine-co-glucosamine) nanoparticle (PDG@Au-NO) served as core, and anionic phenylboronic acid-acryloylmorpholine (PBAM) copolymer was employed as a shell. The NO nanogenerator featured long circulation and good biocompatibility. Once the nanogenerator reached acidic biofilm, its surface charge would be switched to positive after shell dissociation and cationic core exposure, which was conducive for the nanogenerator to infiltrate and accumulate in the depth of biofilm. In addition, the nanogenerator could sustainably generate NO to disturb the integrity of biofilm at physiological temperature, then generate hyperthermia and explosive NO release upon NIR irradiation to efficiently eradicate drug-resistant bacteria biofilm. Such rational design offers a promising approach for developing nanosystems against biofilm-associated infections.
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14
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Côrte-Real L, Pósa V, Martins M, Colucas R, May NV, Fontrodona X, Romero I, Mendes F, Pinto Reis C, Gaspar MM, Pessoa JC, Enyedy ÉA, Correia I. Cu(II) and Zn(II) Complexes of New 8-Hydroxyquinoline Schiff Bases: Investigating Their Structure, Solution Speciation, and Anticancer Potential. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37441730 PMCID: PMC10369496 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of three novel Schiff bases (L1-L3) derived from the condensation of 2-carbaldehyde-8-hydroxyquinoline with amines containing morpholine or piperidine moieties. These were reacted with CuCl2 and ZnCl2 yielding six new coordination compounds, with the general formula ML2, where M = Cu(II) or Zn(II) and L = L1-L3, which were all characterized by analytical, spectroscopic (Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV-visible absorption, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), or electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)), and mass spectrometric techniques, as well as by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In the solid state, two Cu(II) complexes, with L1 and L2, are obtained as dinuclear compounds, with relatively short Cu-Cu distances (3.146 and 3.171 Å for Cu2(L1)4 and Cu2(L2)4, respectively). The free ligands show moderate lipophilicity, while their complexes are more lipophilic. The pKa values of L1-L3 and formation constants of the complex (for ML and ML2) species were determined by spectrophotometric titrations, with the Cu(II) complexes showing higher stability than the Zn(II) complexes. EPR indicated the presence of several species in solution as pH varied and binding modes were proposed. The binding of the complexes to bovine serum albumin (BSA) was evaluated by fluorescence and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies. All complexes bind BSA, and as demonstrated by CD, the process takes several hours to reach equilibrium. The antiproliferative activity was evaluated in malignant melanoma cells (A375) and in noncancerous keratinocytes (HaCaT). All complexes display significant cytotoxicity (IC50 < 10 μM) but modest selectivity. The complexes show higher activity than the free ligands, the Cu(II) complexes being more active than the Zn(II) complexes, and approximately twice more cytotoxic than cisplatin. A Guava ViaCount assay corroborated the antiproliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Côrte-Real
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Vivien Pósa
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Matilde Martins
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Raquel Colucas
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nóra V May
- Centre for Structural Science, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Xavier Fontrodona
- Departament de Química and Serveis Tècnics de Recerca, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Isabel Romero
- Departament de Química and Serveis Tècnics de Recerca, Universitat de Girona, Campus de Montilivi, E-17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Filipa Mendes
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Department of Nuclear Sciences and Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pinto Reis
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Biofísica e Engenharia Biomédica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuela Gaspar
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Costa Pessoa
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Éva A Enyedy
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Functional Metal Complexes Research Group, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Isabel Correia
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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15
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Kőnig B, Sztanó G, Holczbauer T, Soós T. Syntheses of 2- and 3-Substituted Morpholine Congeners via Ring Opening of 2-Tosyl-1,2-Oxazetidine. J Org Chem 2023; 88:6182-6191. [PMID: 37125664 PMCID: PMC10167689 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Diastereoselective and diastereoconvergent syntheses of 2- and 3-substituted morpholine congeners are reported. Starting from tosyl-oxazatedine 1 and α-formyl carboxylates 2, base catalysis is utilized to yield morpholine hemiaminals. Their further synthetic elaborations allowed the concise constructions of conformationally rigid morpholines. The observed diastereoselectivities and the unusual diastereoconvergence in the photoredox radical processes seem to be the direct consequence of the avoidance of pseudo A1,3 strain between the C-3 substituent and the N-tosyl group and the anomeric effect of oxygen atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bálint Kőnig
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1/A Pázmány Péter sétány, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Sztanó
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1/A Pázmány Péter sétány, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Holczbauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Centre for Structural Science, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Soós
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 2 Magyar tudósok körútja, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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16
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Discovery of novel 1,2,4-triazole derivatives as xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitors with hypouricemic effects. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Duchamp E, Devin R, Aguiar PM, Gaucherand A, Hanessian S. Polygonapholine: A Total Synthesis Questions the Identity for the Purported Structure of the Natural Product. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15713-15718. [PMID: 36349937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Polygonapholine was isolated in 1997 from the Polygonatum alte-lobatum rhizome. Based on spectroscopic data, it was assigned a structure comprising an unusual cis-2,6-disubstituted bis-aryl morpholine ring to which is attached a (Z)-4-hydroxycinnamate as an amide and an (E)-4-hydroxycinnamate as an ester. Being a meso compound, polygonapholine should not exhibit an optical rotation as reported. A total synthesis of the purported morpholine alkaloid presented herein reveals discrepancies between the synthetic and the natural product casting doubt on the originally proposed structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Duchamp
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Succ., Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7
| | - Rory Devin
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Succ., Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7
| | - Pedro M Aguiar
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Succ., Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7
| | - Arthur Gaucherand
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Succ., Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7
| | - Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, P.O. Box 6128, Succ., Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3C 3J7
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18
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Kánya N, Kun S, Somsák L. Glycopyranosylidene-Spiro-Morpholinones: Evaluation of the Synthetic Possibilities Based on Glyculosonamide Derivatives and a New Method for the Construction of the Morpholine Ring. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227785. [PMID: 36431884 PMCID: PMC9698030 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylidene-spiro-morpholin(on)es are scarcely described skeletons in the literature. In this work, we have systematically explored the synthetic routes towards such morpholinones based on the reactions of O-peracylated hept-2-ulopyranosonamide derivatives of D-gluco and D-galacto configuration. Koenigs-Knorr type glycosylation of 2-chloroethanol, allylic and propargylic alcohols by (glyculosylbromide)onamides furnished the expected glycosides. The 2-chloroethyl glycosides were ring closed to the corresponding spiro-morpholinones by treatment with K2CO3. The (allyl glyculosid)onamides gave diastereomeric mixtures of spiro-5-hydroxymorpholinones by ozonolysis and 5-iodomethylmorpholinones under iodonium ion mediated conditions. The ozonolytic method has not yet been known for the construction of morpholine rings, therefore, it was also extended to O-allyl mandelamide. The 5-hydroxymorpholinones were subjected to oxidation and acid catalyzed elimination reactions to give the corresponding morpholine-3,5-dions and 5,6-didehydro-morpholin-3-ones, respectively. Base induced elimination of the 5-iodomethylmorpholinones gave 5-methyl-2H-1,4-oxazin-3(4H)-ones. O-Acyl protecting groups of all of the above compounds were removed under Zemplén conditions. Some of the D-gluco configured unprotected compounds were tested as inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase, but showed no significant effect.
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19
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Prikhodko VA, Sysoev YI, Gerasimova EV, Okovityi SV. Novel Chromone-Containing Allylmorpholines Induce Anxiolytic-like and Sedative Effects in Adult Zebrafish. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2783. [PMID: 36359303 PMCID: PMC9687339 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromone-containing allylmorpholines (CCAMs) are a novel class of compounds that have demonstrated acetyl- and butyryl-cholinesterase-inhibiting and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-blocking properties in vitro, but their in vivo pharmacological activity remains underexplored. In this work, we evaluated the psychotropic activity of five different CCAMs (1 (9a), 2 (9j), 3 (9l), 4 (33a), and 5 (33b)) using the novel tank test (NTT) and light/dark box (LDB) test in adult zebrafish. The CCAMs were screened in the NTT at a range of concentrations, and they were found to induce a dose-dependent sedative effect. Compound 4 (33a) was also evaluated using the LDB test, and it was found to have anxiolytic-like properties at low concentrations. To assess the potential contribution of the glutamate and cholinergic mechanisms in the effects of the CCAMs, we conducted experiments with pre-exposure to putative antagonists, NMDA and biperiden. Neither biperiden nor NMDA were able to diminish or cancel the effects of the CCAMs, countering the in vitro data obtained in previous studies. The apparent discrepancy could be related to the specifics of CCAM metabolism or to the interspecies differences between the putative target proteins, possibly due to the relatively low identity percentage of their sequences. Although further research in mammals is required in order to establish their pharmacological properties, novel CCAMs may represent an appealing group of psychoactive drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika A. Prikhodko
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Targeted Intra-Brain Drug Delivery, N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yuri I. Sysoev
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Targeted Intra-Brain Drug Delivery, N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation of Motor and Visceral Functions, I.P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Neurobiology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 353340 Sochi, Russia
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena V. Gerasimova
- Department of Neurobiology, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 353340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Okovityi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Saint Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Laboratory of Targeted Intra-Brain Drug Delivery, N.P. Bechtereva Institute of the Human Brain of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 197376 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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20
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Shen Z, Vargas-Rivera MA, Rigby EL, Chen S, Ellman JA. Visible Light-Mediated, Diastereoselective Epimerization of Morpholines and Piperazines to More Stable Isomers. ACS Catal 2022; 12:12860-12868. [PMID: 36406894 PMCID: PMC9668057 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We report a photocatalyzed epimerization of morpholines and piperazines that proceeds by reversible hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and provides an efficient strategy for editing the stereochemical configurations of these saturated nitrogen heterocycles, which are prevalent in drugs. The more stable morpholine and piperazine isomers are obtained from the more synthetically accessible but less stable stereoisomers, and a broad scope is demonstrated in terms of substitution patterns and functional group compatibility. The observed distributions of diastereomers correlate well with the relative energies of the diastereomer pairs as determined by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Mechanistic studies, including luminescence quenching, deuterium labeling reactions, and determination of reversibility support a thiyl radical mediated HAT pathway for the epimerization of morpholines. Investigation of piperazine epimerization established that the mechanism is more complex and led to the development of thiol free conditions for the highly stereoselective epimerization of N,N'-dialkyl piperazines for which a previously unrecognized radical chain HAT mechanism is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zican Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | | | - Elizabeth L. Rigby
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
| | - Shuming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio 44074, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Ellman
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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21
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A Convenient U-Shape Microreactor for Continuous Flow Biocatalysis with Enzyme-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles-Lipase-Catalyzed Enantiomer Selective Acylation of 4-(Morpholin-4-yl)butan-2-ol. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12091065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study implements a convenient microreactor for biocatalysis with enzymes immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The enzyme immobilized onto MNPs by adsorption or by covalent bonds was lipase B from Candida antarctica (CaLB). The MNPs for adsorption were obtained by covering the magnetite core with a silica shell and later with hexadecyltrimethoxysilane, while for covalent immobilization, the silica-covered MNPs were functionalized by a layer forming from mixtures of hexadecyl- and 3-(2-aminoethylamino)propyldimethoxymethylsilanes in 16:1 molar ratio, which was further activated with neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether (NGDE). The resulting CaLB-MNPs were tested in a convenient continuous flow system, created by 3D printing to hold six adjustable permanent magnets beneath a polytetrafluoroethylene tube (PTFE) to anchor the MNP biocatalyst inside the tube reactor. The anchored CaLB-MNPs formed reaction chambers in the tube for passing the fluid through and above the MNP biocatalysts, thus increasing the mixing during the fluid flow and resulting in enhanced activity of CaLB on MNPs. The enantiomer selective acylation of 4-(morpholin-4-yl)butan-2-ol (±)-1, being the chiral alcohol constituent of the mucolytic drug Fedrilate, was carried out by CaLB-MNPs in the U-shape reactor. The CaLB-MNPs in the U-shape reactor were compared in batch reactions to the lyophilized CaLB and to the CaLB-MNPs using the same reaction composition, and the same amounts of CaLB showed similar or higher activity in flow mode and superior activity as compared to the lyophilized powder form. The U-shape permanent magnet design represents a general and easy-to-access implementation of MNP-based flow microreactors, being useful for many biotransformations and reducing costly and time-consuming downstream processes.
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22
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Cheng Q, Bai Z, Tewari S, Ritter T. Bifunctional sulfilimines enable synthesis of multiple N-heterocycles from alkenes. Nat Chem 2022; 14:898-904. [PMID: 35871706 PMCID: PMC9359915 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-00997-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Intramolecular cyclization of nitrogen-containing molecules onto pendant alkenes is an efficient strategy for the construction of N-heterocycles, which are of paramount importance in, for example, pharmaceuticals and materials. Similar intermolecular cyclization reactions, however, are scarcer for nitrogen building blocks, including N-centred radicals, and divergent and modular versions are not established. Here we report the use of sulfilimines as bifunctional N-radical precursors for cyclization reactions with alkenes to produce N-unprotected heterocycles in a single step through photoredox catalysis. Structurally diverse sulfilimines can be synthesized in a single step, and subsequently engage with alkenes to afford synthetically valuable five-, six- and seven-membered heterocycles. The broad and diverse scope is achievable by a radical-polar crossover annulation enabled by the bifunctional character of the reagents, which distinguishes itself from all other N-centred-radical-based reactions. The modular synthesis of the sulfilimines allows for larger structural diversity of N-heterocycle products than is currently achievable with other single cyclization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Cheng
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Zibo Bai
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Srija Tewari
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Ritter
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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23
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Francisco KR, Ballatore C. Thietanes and derivatives thereof in medicinal chemistry. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1219-1234. [PMID: 35546768 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220511154228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Unlike the oxetane ring, which, as evidenced by numerous studies, is known to play an increasingly important role in medicinal chemistry, the thietane ring has thus far received comparatively limited attention. Nonetheless, a growing number of reports now indicate that this 4-membered ring heterocycle may provide opportunities in analog design. In the present review article, we discuss the possible use and utility of the thietane fragment in medicinal chemistry and provide an overview of its properties and recent applications with a focus on isosteric replacements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol R Francisco
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Carlo Ballatore
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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24
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Leonardi AK, Medhi R, Zhang A, Düzen N, Finlay JA, Clarke JL, Clare AS, Ober CK. Investigation of N-Substituted Morpholine Structures in an Amphiphilic PDMS-Based Antifouling and Fouling-Release Coating. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2697-2712. [PMID: 35486708 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biofouling is a major disruptive process affecting the fuel efficiency and durability of maritime vessel coatings. Previous research has shown that amphiphilic coatings consisting of a siloxane backbone functionalized with hydrophilic moieties are effective marine antifouling and fouling-release materials. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) has been the primary hydrophilic component used in such systems. Recently, the morpholine group has emerged as a promising compact alternative in antifouling membranes but is yet to be studied against marine foulants. In this work, the use of morpholine moieties to generate amphiphilicity in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based antifouling and fouling-release coating was explored. Two separate coating sets were investigated. The first set examined the incorporation of an N-substituted morpholine amine, and while these coatings showed promising fouling-release properties for Ulva linza, they had unusually high settlement of spores compared to controls. Based on those results, a second set of materials was synthesized using an N-substituted morpholine amide to probe the source of the high settlement and was found to significantly improve antifouling performance. Both coating sets included PEG controls with varying lengths to compare the viability of the morpholine structures as alternative hydrophilic groups. Surfaces were evaluated through a combination of bubble contact angle goniometry, profilometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and marine bioassays against two soft fouling species, U. linza and Navicula incerta, known to have different adhesion characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - John A Finlay
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Jessica L Clarke
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - Anthony S Clare
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
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25
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Yamada R, Sakata K, Yamada T. Electrochemical Synthesis of Substituted Morpholines via a Decarboxylative Intramolecular Etherification. Org Lett 2022; 24:1837-1841. [PMID: 35212222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method for the synthesis of 2,6-multisubstituted morpholines via an electrochemical intramolecular etherification has been developed. The method, which is operationally simple and easy to scale up, provides various substituted morpholine derivatives in high yields. The utility of this method is showcased by the synthesis of 2,2,6,6-tetrasubstituted morpholines, which are difficult to synthesize efficiently using previously reported strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Yamada
- Research Unit/Immunology & Inflammation, Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Komei Sakata
- Research Unit/Immunology & Inflammation, Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamada
- Research Unit/Neuroscience, Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, 1000 Kamoshida-cho, Aoba-ku, Yokohama 227-0033, Japan
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26
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Herrmann L, Hahn F, Wangen C, Marschall M, Tsogoeva SB. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitory Profile of New Quinoline Compounds in Cell Culture-Based Infection Models. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202103861. [PMID: 34859926 PMCID: PMC9015527 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The presently ongoing pandemic of human SARS-CoV-2 infections (COVID-19) presents an enormous challenge in surveillance, vaccine and antiviral drug development. Here we report the synthesis of new bioactive quinoline-morpholine hybrid compounds and their virological evaluation, which proves pronounced cell culture-based inhibitory profile against SARS-CoV-2. Thus, selected quinoline compounds may suggest specific hit-to-lead development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Herrmann
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Friedrich Hahn
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular VirologyFriedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Schlossgarten 491054ErlangenGermany
| | - Christina Wangen
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular VirologyFriedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Schlossgarten 491054ErlangenGermany
| | - Manfred Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular VirologyFriedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)Schlossgarten 491054ErlangenGermany
| | - Svetlana B. Tsogoeva
- Organic Chemistry Chair I and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM)Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-NürnbergNikolaus Fiebiger-Straße 1091058ErlangenGermany
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27
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Baltzer S, Bulatov T, Schmied C, Krämer A, Berger BT, Oder A, Walker-Gray R, Kuschke C, Zühlke K, Eichhorst J, Lehmann M, Knapp S, Weston J, von Kries JP, Süssmuth RD, Klussmann E. Aurora Kinase A Is Involved in Controlling the Localization of Aquaporin-2 in Renal Principal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020763. [PMID: 35054947 PMCID: PMC8776063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The cAMP-dependent aquaporin-2 (AQP2) redistribution from intracellular vesicles into the plasma membrane of renal collecting duct principal cells induces water reabsorption and fine-tunes body water homeostasis. However, the mechanisms controlling the localization of AQP2 are not understood in detail. Using immortalized mouse medullary collecting duct (MCD4) and primary rat inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells as model systems, we here discovered a key regulatory role of Aurora kinase A (AURKA) in the control of AQP2. The AURKA-selective inhibitor Aurora-A inhibitor I and novel derivatives as well as a structurally different inhibitor, Alisertib, prevented the cAMP-induced redistribution of AQP2. Aurora-A inhibitor I led to a depolymerization of actin stress fibers, which serve as tracks for the translocation of AQP2-bearing vesicles to the plasma membrane. The phosphorylation of cofilin-1 (CFL1) inactivates the actin-depolymerizing function of CFL1. Aurora-A inhibitor I decreased the CFL1 phosphorylation, accounting for the removal of the actin stress fibers and the inhibition of the redistribution of AQP2. Surprisingly, Alisertib caused an increase in actin stress fibers and did not affect CFL1 phosphorylation, indicating that AURKA exerts its control over AQP2 through different mechanisms. An involvement of AURKA and CFL1 in the control of the localization of AQP2 was hitherto unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Baltzer
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (S.B.); (R.W.-G.); (C.K.); (K.Z.)
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany; (T.B.); (R.D.S.)
| | - Timur Bulatov
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany; (T.B.); (R.D.S.)
| | - Christopher Schmied
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (C.S.); (A.O.); (J.E.); (M.L.); (J.P.v.K.)
| | - Andreas Krämer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.K.); (B.-T.B.); (S.K.)
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- DKTK (German Translational Research Network), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Benedict-Tilman Berger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.K.); (B.-T.B.); (S.K.)
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Oder
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (C.S.); (A.O.); (J.E.); (M.L.); (J.P.v.K.)
| | - Ryan Walker-Gray
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (S.B.); (R.W.-G.); (C.K.); (K.Z.)
| | - Christin Kuschke
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (S.B.); (R.W.-G.); (C.K.); (K.Z.)
| | - Kerstin Zühlke
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (S.B.); (R.W.-G.); (C.K.); (K.Z.)
| | - Jenny Eichhorst
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (C.S.); (A.O.); (J.E.); (M.L.); (J.P.v.K.)
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (C.S.); (A.O.); (J.E.); (M.L.); (J.P.v.K.)
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (A.K.); (B.-T.B.); (S.K.)
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- DKTK (German Translational Research Network), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - John Weston
- JQuest Consulting, Carl-Orff-Weg 25, 65779 Kelkheim, Germany;
| | - Jens Peter von Kries
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (C.S.); (A.O.); (J.E.); (M.L.); (J.P.v.K.)
| | - Roderich D. Süssmuth
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany; (T.B.); (R.D.S.)
| | - Enno Klussmann
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany; (S.B.); (R.W.-G.); (C.K.); (K.Z.)
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-9406-2596
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28
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Tang J, Yan ZH, Zhan G, Yang QQ, Chen YY, Li X, Huang W. Visible-Light-Mediated Sequential Wolff Rearrangement and Staudinger Cycloaddition Enabling Assembly of Spiro-Pyrazolone-β-Lactams. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00742h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Visible-light-mediated sequential Wolff rearrangement and Staudinger cycloaddition for the assembly of valuable spiro-pyrazolone-β-lactams for the first time is disclosed by utilizing in situ generated ketenes and pyrazolone ketimines. This powerful...
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29
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Papis M, Loro C, Penso M, Broggini G, Foschi F. Synthesis of Morpholino Nucleosides Starting From Enantiopure Glycidol. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00400c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A protocol for the synthesis of modified morpholino monomers was performed in few steps through the condensation between 6-hydroxymethyl-morpholine acetal and nucleobases under Lewis acid conditions. The key common precursor...
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30
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Grygorenko OO, Volochnyuk DM, Vashchenko BV. Emerging Building Blocks for Medicinal Chemistry: Recent Synthetic Advances. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202100857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr O. Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
| | - Dmitriy M. Volochnyuk
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Murmanska Street 5 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
| | - Bohdan V. Vashchenko
- Enamine Ltd. Chervonotkatska 78 Kyiv 02094 Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv Volodymyrska Street 60 Kyiv 01601 Ukraine
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31
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Chatterjee R, Bhattacharya I, Roy S, Purkait K, Koley TS, Gupta A, Mukherjee A. Synthesis, Characterization, and Cytotoxicity of Morpholine-Containing Ruthenium(II) p-Cymene Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12172-12185. [PMID: 34346215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Morpholine motif is an important pharmacophore and, depending on the molecular design, may localize in cellular acidic vesicles. To understand the importance of the presence of pendant morpholine in a metal complex, six bidentate N,O-donor ligands with or without a pendant morpholine unit and their corresponding ruthenium(II) p-cymene complexes (1-6) are synthesized, purified, and structurally characterized by various analytical methods including X-ray diffraction. Complexes 2-4 crystallized in the P21/c space group, whereas 5 and 6 crystallized in the P1̅ space group. The solution stability studies using 1H NMR support instantaneous hydrolysis of the native complexes to form monoaquated species in a solution of 3:7 (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide-d6 and 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH* 7.4, containing 4 mM NaCl). The monoaquated complexes are stable for at least up to 24 h. The complexes display excellent in vitro antiproliferative activity (IC50 ca. 1-14 μM) in various cancer cell lines, viz., MDA-MB-231, MiaPaCa2, and Hep-G2. The presence of the pendant morpholine does not improve the dose efficacy, but rather, with 2-[[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)imino]methyl]phenol (HL1) and its pendant morpholine analogue (HL3) giving complexes 1 and 3, respectively, the antiproliferative activity was poorer with 3. MDA-MB-231 cells treated with the complexes show that the acidic vesicles remain acidic, but the population of acidic vesicles increases or decreases with time of exposure, as observed from the dispersed red puncta, depending on the complex used. The presence of the 2,6-disubstituted aniline and the naphthyl group seems to improve the antiproliferative dose. The complex treated MDA-MB-231 cells show that cathepsin D, which is otherwise present in the cytosolic lysosomes, translocates to the nucleus as a result of exposure to the complexes. Irrespective of the presence of a morpholine motif, the complexes do not activate caspase-3 to induce apoptosis and seem to favor the necrotic pathway of cell killing.
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32
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Novel 3,4-dihydro-1,4-oxazine (dehydromorpholine) sulfonamides and sulfones conveniently accessed from suitable a-diazoketones via O H carbene insertion – Cyclization sequence. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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33
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Sasidharan R, Eom BH, Heo JH, Park JE, Abdelgawad MA, Musa A, Gambacorta N, Nicolotti O, Manju SL, Mathew B, Kim H. Morpholine-based chalcones as dual-acting monoamine oxidase-B and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: synthesis and biochemical investigations. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:188-197. [PMID: 33430657 PMCID: PMC7808749 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1842390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nine compounds (MO1–MO9) containing the morpholine moiety were assessed for their inhibitory activities against monoamine oxidases (MAOs) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Most of the compounds potently inhibited MAO-B; MO1 most potently inhibited with an IC50 value of 0.030 µM, followed by MO7 (0.25 µM). MO5 most potently inhibited AChE (IC50 = 6.1 µM), followed by MO9 (IC50 = 12.01 µM) and MO7 most potently inhibited MAO-A (IC50 = 7.1 µM). MO1 was a reversible mixed-type inhibitor of MAO-B (Ki = 0.018 µM); MO5 reversibly competitively inhibited AChE (Ki = 2.52 µM); and MO9 reversibly noncompetitively inhibited AChE (Ki = 7.04 µM). MO1, MO5 and MO9 crossed the blood–brain barrier, and were non-toxic to normal VERO cells. These results show that MO1 is a selective inhibitor of MAO-B and that MO5 is a dual-acting inhibitor of AChE and MAO-B, and that both should be considered candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rani Sasidharan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Government T.D. Medical College, Alappuzha, India.,Organic Chemistry Division, SAS, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Bo Hyun Eom
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Heo
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Eun Park
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed A Abdelgawad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.,Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Arafa Musa
- Department of Pharmacogonosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacogonosy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nicola Gambacorta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | | | - Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, India
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
![]()
Developing
drugs for the central nervous system (CNS) requires
fine chemical modifications, as a strict balance between size and
lipophilicity is necessary to improve the permeability through the
blood-brain barrier (BBB).
In this context, morpholine and its analogues represent valuable heterocycles,
due to their conformational and physicochemical properties. In fact,
the presence of a weak basic nitrogen atom and of an oxygen atom at
the opposite position provides a peculiar pKa value and a flexible conformation to the ring, thus allowing
it to take part in several lipophilic–hydrophilic interactions,
and to improve blood solubility and brain permeability of the overall
structure. In CNS-active compounds, morpholines are used (1) to enhance
the potency through molecular interactions, (2) to act as a scaffold
directing the appendages in the correct position, and (3) to modulate
pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) properties. In this perspective,
selected morpholine-containing CNS drug candidates are discussed to
reveal the active pharmacophores accountable for the (1) modulation
of receptors involved in mood disorders and pain, (2) bioactivity
toward enzymes and receptors responsible for neurodegenerative diseases,
and (3) inhibition of enzymes involved in the pathology of CNS tumors.
The medicinal chemistry/pharmacological activity of morpholine derivatives
is discussed, in the effort to highlight the importance of morpholine
ring interactions in the active site of different targets, particularly
reporting binding features retrieved from PDB data, when available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Lenci
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Calugi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Trabocchi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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35
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Recyclization of N-arylitaconimides with carboximidamides – a novel efficient method for the synthesis of 2-(2-amino-6-oxo- 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-5-yl)acetanilides. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-02887-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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36
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Kumar H, Prajapati G, Dubey A, Ampapathi RS, Mandal PK. Intramolecular 6- exo- dig Post-Ugi Cyclization of N-Substituted 2-Alkynamides: Direct Access to Functionalized Morpholinone Glycoconjugates. Org Lett 2020; 22:9258-9262. [PMID: 33202129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We herein report a chemo- and regioselective 6-exo-dig catalytic cyclization of Ugi adducts N-substituted 2-alkynamides to access functionalized morpholinone glycoconjugates in the presence of triphenylphosphine. This array allows an interesting multicomponent access to a library of functionalized morpholinone glycoconjugates under mild reaction conditions with regeneration of catalyst triphenylphosphine, supported by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance studies. Density functional theory shows the 6-exo-dig oxocyclization pathway is preferred, which supports our experimental observation.
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37
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Ono Y, Ninomiya M, Kaneko D, Sonawane AD, Udagawa T, Tanaka K, Nishina A, Koketsu M. Design and synthesis of quinoxaline-1,3,4-oxadiazole hybrid derivatives as potent inhibitors of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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38
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Pecyna P, Wargula J, Murias M, Kucinska M. More Than Resveratrol: New Insights into Stilbene-Based Compounds. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1111. [PMID: 32726968 PMCID: PMC7465418 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of a scaffold concerns many aspects at different steps on the drug development path. In medicinal chemistry, the choice of relevant "drug-likeness" scaffold is a starting point for the design of the structure dedicated to specific molecular targets. For many years, the chemical uniqueness of the stilbene structure has inspired scientists from different fields such as chemistry, biology, pharmacy, and medicine. In this review, we present the outstanding potential of the stilbene-based derivatives. Naturally occurring stilbenes, together with powerful synthetic chemistry possibilities, may offer an excellent approach for discovering new structures and identifying their therapeutic targets. With the development of scientific tools, sophisticated equipment, and a better understanding of the disease pathogenesis at the molecular level, the stilbene scaffold has moved innovation in science. This paper mainly focuses on the stilbene-based compounds beyond resveratrol, which are particularly attractive due to their biological activity. Given the "fresh outlook" about different stilbene-based compounds starting from stilbenoids with particular regard to isorhapontigenin and methoxy- and hydroxyl- analogues, the update about the combretastatins, and the very often overlooked and underestimated benzanilide analogues, we present a new story about this remarkable structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Pecyna
- Department of Genetics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Medical Sciences, Swiecickiego 4 Street, 60-781 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Joanna Wargula
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6 Street, 60-780 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Marek Murias
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30 Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Malgorzata Kucinska
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30 Street, 60-631 Poznan, Poland;
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Abstract
The concept of a scaffold concerns many aspects at different steps on the drug development path. In medicinal chemistry, the choice of relevant "drug-likeness" scaffold is a starting point for the design of the structure dedicated to specific molecular targets. For many years, the chemical uniqueness of the stilbene structure has inspired scientists from different fields such as chemistry, biology, pharmacy, and medicine. In this review, we present the outstanding potential of the stilbene-based derivatives. Naturally occurring stilbenes, together with powerful synthetic chemistry possibilities, may offer an excellent approach for discovering new structures and identifying their therapeutic targets. With the development of scientific tools, sophisticated equipment, and a better understanding of the disease pathogenesis at the molecular level, the stilbene scaffold has moved innovation in science. This paper mainly focuses on the stilbene-based compounds beyond resveratrol, which are particularly attractive due to their biological activity. Given the "fresh outlook" about different stilbene-based compounds starting from stilbenoids with particular regard to isorhapontigenin and methoxy- and hydroxyl- analogues, the update about the combretastatins, and the very often overlooked and underestimated benzanilide analogues, we present a new story about this remarkable structure.
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40
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Maliyakkal N, Eom BH, Heo JH, Abdullah Almoyad MA, Thomas Parambi DG, Gambacorta N, Nicolotti O, Beeran AA, Kim H, Mathew B. A New Potent and Selective Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibitor with Extended Conjugation in a Chalcone Framework: 1-[4-(Morpholin-4-yl)phenyl]-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dien-1-one. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1629-1633. [PMID: 32583952 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The general blueprint for the design of monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitors has been based on two phenyl or heteronuclei linked via a spacer of appropriate length. In this study, 1-[4-(morpholin-4-yl)phenyl]-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dien-1-one (MO10) was prepared by the condensation of 4'-morpholinoacetophenone and cinnamaldehyde in basic alcoholic medium. MO10 was assessed for inhibitory activity against two human MAO isoforms, MAO-A and MAO-B. Interestingly, MO10 showed a remarkable inhibition against MAO-B with an IC50 value of 0.044 μM along with a selectivity index of 366.13. The IC50 value was better than that of lazabemide (IC50 value of 0.063 μM), which was used as a reference. Kinetics studies revealed that MO10 acted as a competitive inhibitor of MAO-B, with a Ki value of 0.0080 μM. The observation of recovery of MAO-B inhibition, compared to reference levels showed MO10 to be a reversible inhibitor. MTT assays showed that MO10 was nontoxic to normal VERO cells with an IC50 value of 195.44 μg/mL. SwissADME predicted that MO10 provided advantageous pharmacokinetics profiles for developing agents acting on the central nervous system, that is, high passive human gastrointestinal absorption and blood-brain barrier permeability. Molecular docking simulations showed that MO10 properly entered the aromatic cage formed by Y435, Y398, and FAD of the active site of MAO-B. On the basis of these results, MO10 can be considered a promising starting compound in development of agents for the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseer Maliyakkal
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Khamis Mushyt, King Khalid University, Abha, Mushait, PO Box. 4536, ZIP., 61412, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bo Hyun Eom
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Heo
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, South Korea
| | - Mohammad Ali Abdullah Almoyad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences in Khamis Mushyt, King Khalid University, Abha, Mushait, PO Box. 4536, ZIP., 61412, Saudi Arabia
| | - Della Grace Thomas Parambi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al Jouf-2014, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicola Gambacorta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia - Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Asmy Appadath Beeran
- Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, South Korea
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Research Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, 678557, Kerala, India
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41
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Yang S, Chen Y, Yuan Z, Bu F, Jiang C, Ding Z. Divergent synthesis of oxazolidines and morpholines via PhI(OAc)2-mediated difunctionalization of alkenes. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9873-9882. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01987a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe the PhI(OAc)2-mediated 1,1- and 1,2-difunctionalization of alkenes with N-tosyl amino alcohols to form oxazolidine and morpholine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
| | - Yuhang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
| | - Zidan Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
| | - Feiyu Bu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
| | - Cheng Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
| | - Zhenhua Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing 211198
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